[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"blog-article-local-japanese-particle-wo-direct-object":3,"$fHZsWYl_LcdVZ5GxKwtR-ZqvCZbbUdo2_Fi6R_GQKiQM":1037,"blog-article-cms-japanese-particle-wo-direct-object":1039,"article-hreflang-japanese-particle-wo-direct-object":1040,"blog-article-related-japanese-particle-wo-direct-object":1709},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1015,"extension":1016,"meta":1017,"navigation":1030,"path":1031,"rawbody":1032,"seo":1033,"stem":1034,"__hash__":1035,"timestampUnix":1018,"slug":1019,"h1":1020,"image":1021,"tags":1027,"timestamp":1036,"locale":-1},"content\u002Farticle\u002Fjapanese\u002Fjapanese-particle-wo.md","The Japanese Particle を (wo): A Beginner’s Guide to Direct Objects",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":992},"minimark",[9,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,61,64,69,79,82,89,92,115,118,121,144,147,165,173,177,186,189,209,212,217,219,223,226,231,234,246,250,253,267,270,314,317,319,323,326,334,337,342,345,353,356,371,374,378,381,384,392,395,407,416,434,440,444,448,455,458,478,486,490,498,507,518,522,525,528,530,534,537,540,543,554,558,568,574,577,594,605,608,625,628,636,639,658,661,669,682,743,747,755,758,799,802,806,809,812,820,823,843,847,850,853,864,867,878,881,890,893,897,900,903,906,914,917,920,928,931,942,945,951,954,961,964,967,971,973,977,980,983,986,989],[10,11,12,13,18],"p",{},"If you're more than three days into your journey to ",[14,15,17],"a",{"href":16},"\u002Flearn-japanese","learn Japanese",", you know that particles are hard.",[10,20,21],{},"The particle を (wo) is an exception.",[10,23,24],{},"It marks the direct object of a sentence—the thing that is somehow affected by the verb of a sentence. Using it is simple and 100% regular: simply tack it right onto the end of a sentence's direct object.",[10,26,27],{},"If you know what a particle an direct object is, congrats! Those two sentences are all you need to know to use this Japanese particle.",[10,29,30],{},"If not, then you're in the right place. In this article, we'll get into:",[32,33],"toc",{},[35,36],"hr",{},[38,39,40,45,48],"blockquote",{},[41,42,44],"centered-text",{"bold":43,"underline":43},"","\nForewarning\n",[46,47],"br",{},[10,49,50,51,55,56,60],{},"This article assumes that you can already read hiragana. If not, we applaud your go-getter spirit. Before you read this article, you may want to take a detour to first check out ",[14,52,54],{"href":53},"\u002Fblog\u002Fjapanese\u002Fthe-japanese-alphabets","what hiragana is used for",", then read this article while referencing ",[14,57,59],{"href":58},"\u002Fblog\u002Fjapanese\u002Fthe-japanese-language-hiragana","our hiragana cheat sheet",".",[10,62,63],{},"Anyway, let's quickly cover a bit of background information.",[65,66,68],"h2",{"id":67},"what-is-a-grammatical-particle","What is a grammatical particle?",[10,70,71,72,78],{},"For all intents and purposes, a ",[14,73,77],{"href":74,"rel":75},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGrammatical_particle",[76],"nofollow","grammatical particle"," is just a fancy linguistic word for \"sign\" or \"marker\". When you attach a grammatical particle to a word, you are marking the grammatical function of that particular word in this particular sentence.",[10,80,81],{},"Particles are kind of like stickers. You identify the thing you want to mark with a sticker, and then you attach the sticker directly to it, like it's a laptop cover from the 2010s. But instead, it's a word in a sentence.",[83,84],"img",{"src":85,"width":86,"height":87,"alt":88},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fmigaku-japanese-particle-wo-sticker.jpeg",5399,3599,"An image of a laptop cover which has been absolutely covered in stickers.",[10,90,91],{},"Alternatively, you might think about prepositions in English. When you want to say where something takes place, you attach a preposition before the location:",[93,94,95,103,109],"ul",{},[96,97,98,102],"li",{},[99,100,101],"u",{},"In"," the park",[96,104,105,108],{},[99,106,107],{},"At"," school",[96,110,111,114],{},[99,112,113],{},"On"," the table",[10,116,117],{},"Japanese particles work in basically the same way, except they attach directly onto the end of a word.",[10,119,120],{},"For example:",[93,122,123,126],{},[96,124,125],{},"学校（がっこう）→ school",[96,127,128,129,132,133,135,136,140,141,108],{},"学校",[99,130,131],{},"に","（がっこう",[99,134,131],{},"）→ ",[137,138,139],"em",{},"to"," or ",[137,142,143],{},"in",[10,145,146],{},"One more:",[93,148,149,152],{},[96,150,151],{},"友達（ともだち）→ a friend",[96,153,154,155,158,159,135,161,164],{},"友達",[99,156,157],{},"と","（ともだち",[99,160,157],{},[137,162,163],{},"with"," a friend",[10,166,167,168,172],{},"Japanese has ",[14,169,171],{"href":170},"\u002Fblog\u002Fjapanese\u002Fjapanese-particles-guide","many different particles",", and in this blog post we'll look in detail at the particle を (wo), which is used to mark direct objects.",[65,174,176],{"id":175},"what-is-a-direct-object","What is a direct object?",[10,178,179,180,185],{},"A ",[14,181,184],{"href":182,"rel":183},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FObject_(grammar)#English",[76],"direct object"," is the part of a sentence that is somehow affected by the verb. While it's a bit difficult to put into words, as a native English speaker, you've got an intuitive feel for what a direct object is.",[10,187,188],{},"In the below example sentences, I've underlined the direct object:",[93,190,191,197,203],{},[96,192,193,194,60],{},"I am eating ",[99,195,196],{},"sushi",[96,198,199,200,60],{},"She read a ",[99,201,202],{},"book",[96,204,205,206,60],{},"The student is learning ",[99,207,208],{},"Japanese",[10,210,211],{},"A direct object is the food being eaten, the book being read, the thing being learned, and anything else that falls into that same sort of category.",[10,213,214,215,60],{},"If verbs are what you do, direct objects are what you do the verb ",[137,216,139],{},[35,218],{},[65,220,222],{"id":221},"the-pronunciation-of-を-o-or-wo","The pronunciation of を: O or Wo?",[10,224,225],{},"In romaji, を is written as \"wo\", so you might understandably think that it's pronounced like \"whoa\". 800 years ago or so, you would have been right.",[38,227,228],{},[10,229,230],{},"In modern Japanese, を is pronounced as \"oh\".",[10,232,233],{},"Having said that, you may hear を pronounced as \"whoa\" in:",[93,235,236,239],{},[96,237,238],{},"Songs, poetry, and artsy stuff like that",[96,240,241,242,245],{},"When を follows another \"oh\" sound (such as in 日本語を \"nihon",[99,243,244],{},"go"," wo\"), and the speaker feels a need to be extra clear",[65,247,249],{"id":248},"how-to-use-the-japanese-particle-を-in-sentences","How to use the Japanese particle を in sentences",[10,251,252],{},"Of all of the Japanese particles, を (wo) may be the easiest to use.",[38,254,255,258],{},[10,256,257],{},"To use the particle を, you need to do precisely two things:",[259,260,261,264],"ol",{},[96,262,263],{},"Identify the direct object of a sentence",[96,265,266],{},"Brazenly tack を right onto the end of it, as if you were adding an extra letter to the word",[10,268,269],{},"For example, let's translate those three sentences from the above section about direct objects:",[93,271,272,286,300],{},[96,273,274,275,277,278],{},"私は寿司を食べています。",[46,276],{},"（わたしは　すしを　食べています。）",[93,279,280,283],{},[96,281,282],{},"Sushi (寿司) is the thing you're eating, so it's the direct object",[96,284,285],{},"Notice that を has been appended directly onto 寿司, yielding 寿司を",[96,287,288,289,291,292],{},"彼女は本を読みました。",[46,290],{},"（かのじょは　ほんを　よみました。）",[93,293,294,297],{},[96,295,296],{},"A book (本) is the thing that was read, so it's the direct object",[96,298,299],{},"Again, を has been attached to 本, giving us 本を",[96,301,302,303,305,306],{},"学生は日本語を勉強しています。",[46,304],{},"（がくせいは　にほんごを　べんきょうしています。）",[93,307,308,311],{},[96,309,310],{},"Japanese (日本語) is the thing that's being studied",[96,312,313],{},"As expected, we see を after 日本語: 日本語を",[10,315,316],{},"Bam! That's it. That's how it works.",[35,318],{},[65,320,322],{"id":321},"more-advanced-usages-of-を-if-a-sentence-has-you-confused-check-these-out","More advanced usages of を (if a sentence has you confused, check these out)",[10,324,325],{},"The above is your bread and butter. To recap:",[93,327,328,331],{},[96,329,330],{},"You'll append を directly onto the end of a noun",[96,332,333],{},"In Japanese, verbs come at the very end of the sentence",[10,335,336],{},"Unfortunately, as you explore more Japanese, you'll quickly stumble into a few situations that end up making a liar out of me. Let's explore several of them.",[338,339,341],"h3",{"id":340},"_1-を-with-phrases","(1) を with phrases",[10,343,344],{},"In English, descriptions normally branch off to the right of a noun:",[93,346,347],{},[96,348,349,350,60],{},"I saw [a man] ",[99,351,352],{}," that was running quickly",[10,354,355],{},"In Japanese, descriptions pretty much always come before the noun they modify:",[93,357,358],{},[96,359,360,363,364,366,367,370],{},[99,361,362],{},"早く走っている"," [男] を見た。",[46,365],{},"（",[99,368,369],{},"はやく　はしっている","　[おとこ] を みた。）",[10,372,373],{},"And this left-branching quality of Japanese descriptions means that you can very conveniently mark an entire phrase as being a direct object, as we've just done.",[338,375,377],{"id":376},"_2-を-at-the-end-of-a-sentence","(2) を at the end of a sentence",[10,379,380],{},"The \"standard\" structure of a Japanese sentence is subject→object→verb, and since を attaches to the object, it will normally go somewhere in the middle of a sentence. Sometimes, though, you'll see を at the end of a sentence.",[10,382,383],{},"This happens in some fixed phrases:",[93,385,386,389],{},[96,387,388],{},"More commonly, as in 良いお年を (よい　おとしを), \"Happy new year!\"",[96,390,391],{},"More awesomely, as in フォースと共にあらんことを (ふぉーすと　ともに　あらんことを), \"May the force be with you.\"",[10,393,394],{},"And also to make quick clarifications, if the object of a verb isn't clear:",[93,396,397,400],{},[96,398,399],{},"Speaker A: 食べてください！(たべてください), \"Eat it!\"",[96,401,402,403,406],{},"Speaker B: 何を? (なにを?), \"(Eat) ",[137,404,405],{},"what","?\"",[10,408,409,410,415],{},"And you'll also see sentences inverted (called an ",[14,411,414],{"href":412,"rel":413},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002Fanastrophe?variant=zh-tw",[76],"anastrophe",") for dramatic effect. For example, at 1:22 in this song by the Japanese band Supercell, we hear this verse:",[93,417,418,421,424],{},[96,419,420],{},"どうかお願い (どうか　おねがい)",[96,422,423],{},"驚かないで聞いてよ (おどろかないで　きいてよ)",[96,425,426,427,430,431,433],{},"私のこの想い",[99,428,429],{},"を"," (わたしの　このおもい",[99,432,429],{},")",[10,435,436,437,439],{},"Placing the object 想い",[99,438,429],{}," after the verb 聞いてよ gives this command a more longing, pleading quality. \"To these feelings of mine listen, please! Without being surprised.\"",[441,442],"custom-iframe",{"src":443},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FcaF6nJxTejc?si=2onJVri3FZsnTpji",[338,445,447],{"id":446},"_3-を-being-omitted","(3) を being omitted",[10,449,450,451,454],{},"In especially casual speech, some particles, including を, may be dropped. I recommend you ",[137,452,453],{},"not"," do this for the time being, as particles can't always be omitted. Learn the rules before you start breaking them!",[10,456,457],{},"Having said that, don't be terribly surprised if you see things like this:",[93,459,460],{},[96,461,462,467,469,470,472,473,475],{},[14,463,466],{"href":464,"rel":465},"https:\u002F\u002Fsodane.hokkaido.jp\u002Ftv\u002F202207100900002324.html",[76],"どんなときピザ食べたくなる？",[46,468],{},"（どんなとき　ぴざ　たべたくなる）",[46,471],{},"When do you feel like eating pizza?",[46,474],{},[137,476,477],{},"Notice: the を that should be between ピザ and 食べたくなる has been omitted",[38,479,480],{},[10,481,482,483,485],{},"Note that を is ",[137,484,453],{}," used with the word 何か (なにか), \"something\". As such, you'll see sentences like 何か食べたい？ (なにか たべたい?). This is perfectly OK!",[338,487,489],{"id":488},"_4-を-in-the-ところを-grammar-point","(4) を in the \"ところを\" grammar point",[10,491,492,493,497],{},"We won't go too far into this one since it's a grammar point for ",[14,494,496],{"href":495},"\u002Fblog\u002Fjapanese\u002Fjlpt-n1-overview","the JLPT N1, the highest level of the Japanese proficiency test",", but you can read about it on your own if you want.",[10,499,500,501,506],{},"When を appears with ところ in ",[14,502,505],{"href":503,"rel":504},"https:\u002F\u002Fjlptsensei.com\u002Flearn-japanese-grammar\u002F%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D%E3%82%92-tokoro-o-meaning\u002F",[76],"the grammar point ところを",", it's being used for one of two reasons:",[259,508,509,515],{},[96,510,511,512],{},"To preface an apology ",[137,513,514],{},"(I'm sorry for interrupting you while you're busy, but... )",[96,516,517],{},"To mean \"when\" or \"at the time of\", but with a particularly positive or negative nuance",[338,519,521],{"id":520},"_5-を-with-verbs-of-motion","(5) を with verbs of motion",[10,523,524],{},"You'll sometimes see を used with verbs that involve some sort of motion, like 行く (いく, \"to go\")　 or 歩く (あるく, \"to walk\").",[10,526,527],{},"We're actually going to talk about this in more detail in the next section, so scroll down a bit!",[35,529],{},[65,531,533],{"id":532},"some-grammar-points-where-を-gets-replaced-with-other-particles","Some grammar points where を gets replaced with other particles",[10,535,536],{},"We've covered a lot of ground, but so far, an を has been an を; what you see is what you get",[10,538,539],{},"Unfortunately, sometimes を can become が or は, too.",[10,541,542],{},"This happens with:",[93,544,545,548,551],{},[96,546,547],{},"Intransitive verbs",[96,549,550],{},"Verbs in the potential form",[96,552,553],{},"Verbs in the ~たい form",[338,555,557],{"id":556},"_1-transitive-and-intransitive-verbs-or-when-を-becomes-が-and-は","(1) Transitive and intransitive Verbs, or when を becomes が and は",[38,559,560,563,565],{},[41,561,562],{"bold":43,"underline":43},"\nWarning\n",[46,564],{},[10,566,567],{},"This is a relatively advanced topic: transitive and intransitive verbs really, really deserve an entire blog post of their own. If you're a total beginner learning about を for the first time, you might want to skip this section.",[10,569,570,571,573],{},"So, remember how we said that you do verbs ",[137,572,139],{}," something, and that thing is the direct object? And that a direct object is the pizza you're eating, or the book you're reading?",[10,575,576],{},"Verbs that you do to something, like:",[93,578,579,582,585,588,591],{},[96,580,581],{},"Eat (a pizza)",[96,583,584],{},"Kick (a ball)",[96,586,587],{},"Read (a book)",[96,589,590],{},"Watch (a j-drama and understand it, even if you're still pretty new to Japanese, with Migaku 🤠)",[96,592,593],{},"Tickle (somebody)",[10,595,596,597,60],{},"Are all what are known as ",[14,598,601,604],{"href":599,"rel":600},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTransitive_verb",[76],[137,602,603],{},"transitive"," verbs",[10,606,607],{},"In contrast, there are some verbs that just happen:",[93,609,610,613,616,619,622],{},[96,611,612],{},"Arise",[96,614,615],{},"Sleep",[96,617,618],{},"Laugh",[96,620,621],{},"Remain",[96,623,624],{},"Depart",[10,626,627],{},"You cannot arise, sleep, laugh, remain, or depart a pizza.",[10,629,630,631,60],{},"Verbs that cannot take direct objects, such as these, are called ",[14,632,635],{"href":633,"rel":634},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FIntransitive_verb",[76],"intransitive verbs",[10,637,638],{},"Unfortunately, many English verbs actually actually bat for both teams:",[93,640,641,650],{},[96,642,643,644,647,648,433],{},"The door opened (",[137,645,646],{},"intransitive",") \u002F I opened the door (",[137,649,603],{},[96,651,652,653,655,656,433],{},"She runs in the morning (",[137,654,646],{},") \u002F She runs a small business (",[137,657,603],{},[10,659,660],{},"This isn't the case in Japanese. Transitive and intransitive verbs have separate forms:",[93,662,663,666],{},[96,664,665],{},"開ける (あける, \"to open (transitive)\")",[96,667,668],{},"開く (あく, \"to open (intransitive)\")",[38,670,671,674],{},[10,672,673],{},"And now for the rule of thumb:",[93,675,676,679],{},[96,677,678],{},"Use を (wo) with the object of a transitive verb",[96,680,681],{},"Use は (wa) or が (ga) with the thing an intransitive verb is happening to",[683,684,686,689,698,701,725,728,731,734,742],"accordion",{"heading":685},"Bonus: を with (intransitive) verbs of motion",[10,687,688],{},"Alright, and now we arrive to verbs of motion.",[10,690,691,692,140,695,697],{},"Verbs of motion, such as ",[137,693,694],{},"come",[137,696,244],{},", are generally intransitive in nature. You can't \"go\" a pizza, and you can't even \"go\" a walk—we need to use a preposition and go \"on\" a walk. Given what you've learned about direct objects, transitive verbs, and intransitive verbs so far, that should make sense.",[10,699,700],{},"Except for the fact that, sometimes in Japanese, you'll see sentences like this:",[93,702,703,714],{},[96,704,705,706,708,709,711,713],{},"廊下を歩いた。",[46,707],{},"ろうかを　あるいた。",[46,710],{},[46,712],{},"\nI walked through the hallway.",[96,715,716,717,719,720,722,724],{},"公園を走った。",[46,718],{},"こうえんを　はしった。",[46,721],{},[46,723],{},"\nI ran though the park.",[10,726,727],{},"And this looks really confusing in English because we can't walk a hallway or run a park.",[10,729,730],{},"In Japanese, though, it's perfectly OK.",[10,732,733],{},"When を is used like this in Japanese, it is showing a route of passage. In other words:",[93,735,736,739],{},[96,737,738],{},"Using を in the above sentences indicates that you were passing through these places",[96,740,741],{},"Using で in the above sentences would mean that you were doing the activity of running or walking in these places, taking on a nuance something like \"walking around\" and \"running around\"","\n ",[338,744,746],{"id":745},"_2-contrast-or-when-を-becomes-は","(2) Contrast, or when を becomes は",[10,748,749,750,754],{},"We cover this in much more detail in ",[14,751,753],{"href":752},"\u002Fblog\u002Fjapanese\u002Fjapanese-particles-guide#the-binding-particle-%E3%81%AF","the は (wa) section of our deep dive on Japanese particles",", but some particles, including を (wo), will become は (wa) in order to show contrast.",[10,756,757],{},"Compare these two examples:",[93,759,760,774],{},[96,761,762,763,765,766],{},"ピザを食べた。",[46,764],{},"（ぴざを　たべた。）\n",[93,767,768,771],{},[96,769,770],{},"(I) ate a pizza.",[96,772,773],{},"This is simply a neutral statement that you ate a pizza.",[96,775,776,777,779,780],{},"ピザは食べた。",[46,778],{},"（ぴざは　たべた。）\n",[93,781,782,788],{},[96,783,784,785,60],{},"(I) ate a ",[137,786,787],{},"pizza",[96,789,790,791,794,795,798],{},"This sentence has some nuance to it. By using the contrastive は here, you're saying that while you ",[137,792,793],{},"did"," eat a pizza, you ",[137,796,797],{},"didn't"," eat something else.",[10,800,801],{},"You can think of what's happening here as either を (wo) becoming は (wa), or as は (wa) pulling double duty and taking on some of the qualities of を (wo). Whatever makes more sense to you.",[338,803,805],{"id":804},"_3-potential-and-passive-verbs-or-を-becomes-が","(3) Potential and passive verbs, or を becomes が",[10,807,808],{},"In Japanese, the potential form of verbs (saying you have the ability to do something) and the passive form of verbs (saying that something was done) often are spelled the exact same way.",[10,810,811],{},"For example, when 食べる (たべる, \"to eat\") is put into the 食べられる (たべられる) form, it can mean either:",[93,813,814,817],{},[96,815,816],{},"You are able to eat something",[96,818,819],{},"Something was eaten",[10,821,822],{},"And in both of these cases, it's necessary to change を to が.",[93,824,825,834],{},[96,826,827,828,830,831,833],{},"ナッツが食べられない。",[46,829],{},"（なっつが　たべられない。）",[46,832],{}," I cannot eat nuts.",[96,835,836,837,839,840,842],{},"ケーキが食べたれた。",[46,838],{},"（けーきが　たべられた。）",[46,841],{}," The cake was eaten.",[338,844,846],{"id":845},"_4-verbs-in-the-たい-form-or-one-more-case-where-を-becomes-が","(4) Verbs in the ~たい form, or one more case where を becomes が",[10,848,849],{},"To say that you want to do something in Japanese, you must conjugate a verb to its ~たい form.",[10,851,852],{},"In other words:",[93,854,855],{},[96,856,857,858,860,861,863],{},"食べる。",[46,859],{},"（たべる。）",[46,862],{}," (I) eat.",[10,865,866],{},"Becomes:",[93,868,869],{},[96,870,871,872,874,875,877],{},"食べたい。",[46,873],{},"（たべたい。）",[46,876],{}," (I) want to eat.",[10,879,880],{},"That looks pretty straightforward, and for all practical purposes, it is.",[10,882,883,884,889],{},"But, for whatever reason, technically, ",[14,885,888],{"href":886,"rel":887},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ritsumei.ac.jp\u002Facd\u002Fcg\u002Flt\u002Frb\u002F599\u002F599pdf\u002Fhigasiya.pdf",[76],"you're supposed to use が with verbs in the ~たい form",". More specifically, it used to be incorrect to use を with verbs in the ~たい form.",[10,891,892],{},"You don't need to worry about this because younger Japanese people have begun using を with verbs in the ~たい form, but you should know that many older speakers feel that this is incorrect and not acceptable. Know that you'll see both particles used, but don't worry about it too much.",[65,894,896],{"id":895},"worried-that-youll-never-learn-how-to-use-japanese-particles-like-を-correctly","Worried that you'll never learn how to use Japanese particles like を correctly?",[10,898,899],{},"Check out Migaku's Japanese Academy.",[441,901],{"src":902},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FgFvZMZlUYfc?si=lQnGpKdo5mxnU-nx",[10,904,905],{},"We started as a group of people who loved Japanese—many people on our staff have passed the JLPT N1, the highest level of the Japanese proficiency test.",[10,907,908,909,913],{},"Migaku is actually a tool that makes Japanese text (such as the subtitles in anime) interactive, and it's incredibly useful for intermediate-level learners. Many of the people ",[14,910,912],{"href":911},"\u002Fblog\u002Fjapanese\u002Fmigaku-japanese-learning-discord","in our community"," are beginners, though, so we wanted to create a streamlined path that new learners could follow to zoom through the beginner phase and begin making use of Migaku.",[10,915,916],{},"So we looked...",[10,918,919],{},"... and we looked...",[38,921,922,925],{},[10,923,924],{},"... and we didn't find a single Japanese textbook that we felt comfortable endorsing.",[10,926,927],{},"So we decide to make our own.",[10,929,930],{},"The Migaku Japanese Academy represents over 10,000 hours of combined effort, and it's built on three straightforward premises:",[259,932,933,936,939],{},[96,934,935],{},"Theory is useless unless it's tied to practical examples—stuff you'll actually use",[96,937,938],{},"Some things are more and less valuable to a beginner—you should learn the specific stuff you need to make Japanese media accessible",[96,940,941],{},"It's important to be accessible—each lesson should contain at most one new word or grammar point",[10,943,944],{},"The Migaku Japanese Academy is a flashcard-based course, and it looks something like this:",[83,946],{"src":947,"width":948,"height":949,"alt":950},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fmigaku-japanese-academy-particle-wo.jpeg",1468,798,"...",[10,952,953],{},"As you progress through the course, you'll learn 386 grammar points, each lesson containing a practical explanation and several example sentences. After reading the lesson, you'll practice sentences that make use of that grammar point. The result is that after reading about how a grammar point works, you'll build an intuitive feel for how it's used in real Japanese sentences.",[10,955,956,957,960],{},"By the time you finish the course, you'll also have learned over 1,500 vocabulary words—but, again, not ",[137,958,959],{},"any"," words. The specific words you need to go from zero to understanding over 80% of Japanese media.",[10,962,963],{},"We're pretty proud of it.",[10,965,966],{},"And you can try it totally free for ten days. Just click the button below:",[968,969],"prose-button",{"href":16,"text":970},"Learn Japanese with Migaku",[35,972],{},[65,974,976],{"id":975},"in-a-nutshell","In a nutshell...",[10,978,979],{},"To use the Japanese particle を (wo), just tack it directly onto the end of a sentence's direct object—the thing that's being affected by a verb.",[10,981,982],{},"While this basic use of を (wo) is pretty straightforward, it does get used in a few ways you might not expect, and sometimes it can be replaced by other particles.",[10,984,985],{},"Importantly, you don't need to memorize all of this stuff.",[10,987,988],{},"As you consume more Japanese content, and you see thousands of sentences that feature を (wo), you'll gradually develop a feel for what it means and how it works.",[10,990,991],{},"Good luck!",{"title":43,"searchDepth":993,"depth":993,"links":994},2,[995,996,997,998,999,1007,1013,1014],{"id":67,"depth":993,"text":68},{"id":175,"depth":993,"text":176},{"id":221,"depth":993,"text":222},{"id":248,"depth":993,"text":249},{"id":321,"depth":993,"text":322,"children":1000},[1001,1003,1004,1005,1006],{"id":340,"depth":1002,"text":341},3,{"id":376,"depth":1002,"text":377},{"id":446,"depth":1002,"text":447},{"id":488,"depth":1002,"text":489},{"id":520,"depth":1002,"text":521},{"id":532,"depth":993,"text":533,"children":1008},[1009,1010,1011,1012],{"id":556,"depth":1002,"text":557},{"id":745,"depth":1002,"text":746},{"id":804,"depth":1002,"text":805},{"id":845,"depth":1002,"text":846},{"id":895,"depth":993,"text":896},{"id":975,"depth":993,"text":976},"Learn how to use the Japanese particle を (wo) to mark direct objects in sentences. This beginner-friendly guide covers grammar basics, sentence examples, and practical tips to enhance your understanding of Japanese.","md",{"timestampUnix":1018,"slug":1019,"h1":1020,"image":1021,"tags":1027},1734929583890,"japanese-particle-wo-direct-object","Understanding the Japanese particle を (wo): A step-by-step guide to using direct objects",{"src":1022,"width":1023,"height":1024,"alt":1025,"position":1026},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fmigaku-direct-objects-japanese-particle-wo.jpeg",5616,3744,"A young woman eating a slice of pie, thus demonstrating what the Japanese particle を that marks direct objects is used for.","top",[1028,1029],"grammar","fundamentals",true,"\u002Farticle\u002Fjapanese\u002Fjapanese-particle-wo","---\ntitle: 'The Japanese Particle を (wo): A Beginner’s Guide to Direct Objects'\ndescription: 'Learn how to use the Japanese particle を (wo) to mark direct objects in sentences. This beginner-friendly guide covers grammar basics, sentence examples, and practical tips to enhance your understanding of Japanese.'\ntimestampUnix: 1734929583890\nslug: 'japanese-particle-wo-direct-object'\nh1: 'Understanding the Japanese particle を (wo): A step-by-step guide to using direct objects'\nimage:\n  src: '\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fmigaku-direct-objects-japanese-particle-wo.jpeg'\n  width: 5616\n  height: 3744\n  alt: 'A young woman eating a slice of pie, thus demonstrating what the Japanese particle を that marks direct objects is used for.'\n  position: 'top'\ntags:\n  - grammar\n  - fundamentals\n---\n\nIf you're more than three days into your journey to [learn Japanese](\u002Flearn-japanese), you know that particles are hard.\n\nThe particle を (wo) is an exception.\n\nIt marks the direct object of a sentence—the thing that is somehow affected by the verb of a sentence. Using it is simple and 100% regular: simply tack it right onto the end of a sentence's direct object.\n\nIf you know what a particle an direct object is, congrats! Those two sentences are all you need to know to use this Japanese particle.\n\nIf not, then you're in the right place. In this article, we'll get into:\n\n\u003Ctoc>\u003C\u002Ftoc>\n\n---\n\n> \u003CCenteredText bold underline>Forewarning\u003C\u002FCenteredText>\u003Cbr>\n>\n> This article assumes that you can already read hiragana. If not, we applaud your go-getter spirit. Before you read this article, you may want to take a detour to first check out [what hiragana is used for](\u002Fblog\u002Fjapanese\u002Fthe-japanese-alphabets), then read this article while referencing [our hiragana cheat sheet](\u002Fblog\u002Fjapanese\u002Fthe-japanese-language-hiragana).\n\nAnyway, let's quickly cover a bit of background information.\n\n## What is a grammatical particle?\n\nFor all intents and purposes, a [grammatical particle](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGrammatical_particle) is just a fancy linguistic word for \"sign\" or \"marker\". When you attach a grammatical particle to a word, you are marking the grammatical function of that particular word in this particular sentence.\n\nParticles are kind of like stickers. You identify the thing you want to mark with a sticker, and then you attach the sticker directly to it, like it's a laptop cover from the 2010s. But instead, it's a word in a sentence.\n\n\u003Cimg src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fmigaku-japanese-particle-wo-sticker.jpeg\" width=\"5399\" height=\"3599\" alt=\"An image of a laptop cover which has been absolutely covered in stickers.\" \u002F>\n\nAlternatively, you might think about prepositions in English. When you want to say where something takes place, you attach a preposition before the location:\n\n- \u003Cu>In\u003C\u002Fu> the park\n- \u003Cu>At\u003C\u002Fu> school\n- \u003Cu>On\u003C\u002Fu> the table\n\nJapanese particles work in basically the same way, except they attach directly onto the end of a word.\n\nFor example:\n\n- 学校（がっこう）→ school\n- 学校\u003Cu>に\u003C\u002Fu>（がっこう\u003Cu>に\u003C\u002Fu>）→ _to_ or _in_ school\n\nOne more:\n\n- 友達（ともだち）→ a friend\n- 友達\u003Cu>と\u003C\u002Fu>（ともだち\u003Cu>と\u003C\u002Fu>）→ _with_ a friend\n\nJapanese has [many different particles](\u002Fblog\u002Fjapanese\u002Fjapanese-particles-guide), and in this blog post we'll look in detail at the particle を (wo), which is used to mark direct objects.\n\n## What is a direct object?\n\nA [direct object](\u003Chttps:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FObject_(grammar)#English>) is the part of a sentence that is somehow affected by the verb. While it's a bit difficult to put into words, as a native English speaker, you've got an intuitive feel for what a direct object is.\n\nIn the below example sentences, I've underlined the direct object:\n\n- I am eating \u003Cu>sushi\u003C\u002Fu>.\n- She read a \u003Cu>book\u003C\u002Fu>.\n- The student is learning \u003Cu>Japanese\u003C\u002Fu>.\n\nA direct object is the food being eaten, the book being read, the thing being learned, and anything else that falls into that same sort of category.\n\nIf verbs are what you do, direct objects are what you do the verb _to_.\n\n---\n\n## The pronunciation of を: O or Wo?\n\nIn romaji, を is written as \"wo\", so you might understandably think that it's pronounced like \"whoa\". 800 years ago or so, you would have been right.\n\n> In modern Japanese, を is pronounced as \"oh\".\n\nHaving said that, you may hear を pronounced as \"whoa\" in:\n\n- Songs, poetry, and artsy stuff like that\n- When を follows another \"oh\" sound (such as in 日本語を \"nihon\u003Cu>go\u003C\u002Fu> wo\"), and the speaker feels a need to be extra clear\n\n## How to use the Japanese particle を in sentences\n\nOf all of the Japanese particles, を (wo) may be the easiest to use.\n\n> To use the particle を, you need to do precisely two things:\n>\n> 1. Identify the direct object of a sentence\n> 2. Brazenly tack を right onto the end of it, as if you were adding an extra letter to the word\n\nFor example, let's translate those three sentences from the above section about direct objects:\n\n- 私は寿司を食べています。\u003Cbr>（わたしは　すしを　食べています。）\n\n  - Sushi (寿司) is the thing you're eating, so it's the direct object\n  - Notice that を has been appended directly onto 寿司, yielding 寿司を\n\n- 彼女は本を読みました。\u003Cbr>（かのじょは　ほんを　よみました。）\n\n  - A book (本) is the thing that was read, so it's the direct object\n  - Again, を has been attached to 本, giving us 本を\n\n- 学生は日本語を勉強しています。\u003Cbr>（がくせいは　にほんごを　べんきょうしています。）\n  - Japanese (日本語) is the thing that's being studied\n  - As expected, we see を after 日本語: 日本語を\n\nBam! That's it. That's how it works.\n\n---\n\n## More advanced usages of を (if a sentence has you confused, check these out)\n\nThe above is your bread and butter. To recap:\n\n- You'll append を directly onto the end of a noun\n- In Japanese, verbs come at the very end of the sentence\n\nUnfortunately, as you explore more Japanese, you'll quickly stumble into a few situations that end up making a liar out of me. Let's explore several of them.\n\n### (1) を with phrases\n\nIn English, descriptions normally branch off to the right of a noun:\n\n- I saw \\[a man] \u003Cu> that was running quickly\u003C\u002Fu>.\n\nIn Japanese, descriptions pretty much always come before the noun they modify:\n\n- \u003Cu>早く走っている\u003C\u002Fu> \\[男] を見た。\u003Cbr>（\u003Cu>はやく　はしっている\u003C\u002Fu>　\\[おとこ] を みた。）\n\nAnd this left-branching quality of Japanese descriptions means that you can very conveniently mark an entire phrase as being a direct object, as we've just done.\n\n### (2) を at the end of a sentence\n\nThe \"standard\" structure of a Japanese sentence is subject→object→verb, and since を attaches to the object, it will normally go somewhere in the middle of a sentence. Sometimes, though, you'll see を at the end of a sentence.\n\nThis happens in some fixed phrases:\n\n- More commonly, as in 良いお年を (よい　おとしを), \"Happy new year!\"\n- More awesomely, as in フォースと共にあらんことを (ふぉーすと　ともに　あらんことを), \"May the force be with you.\"\n\nAnd also to make quick clarifications, if the object of a verb isn't clear:\n\n- Speaker A: 食べてください！(たべてください), \"Eat it!\"\n- Speaker B: 何を? (なにを?), \"(Eat) _what_?\"\n\nAnd you'll also see sentences inverted (called an [anastrophe](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002Fanastrophe?variant=zh-tw)) for dramatic effect. For example, at 1:22 in this song by the Japanese band Supercell, we hear this verse:\n\n- どうかお願い (どうか　おねがい)\n- 驚かないで聞いてよ (おどろかないで　きいてよ)\n- 私のこの想い\u003Cu>を\u003C\u002Fu> (わたしの　このおもい\u003Cu>を\u003C\u002Fu>)\n\nPlacing the object 想い\u003Cu>を\u003C\u002Fu> after the verb 聞いてよ gives this command a more longing, pleading quality. \"To these feelings of mine listen, please! Without being surprised.\"\n\n\u003Ccustom-iframe src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FcaF6nJxTejc?si=2onJVri3FZsnTpji\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-iframe>\n\n### (3) を being omitted\n\nIn especially casual speech, some particles, including を, may be dropped. I recommend you _not_ do this for the time being, as particles can't always be omitted. Learn the rules before you start breaking them!\n\nHaving said that, don't be terribly surprised if you see things like this:\n\n- [どんなときピザ食べたくなる？](https:\u002F\u002Fsodane.hokkaido.jp\u002Ftv\u002F202207100900002324.html)\u003Cbr>（どんなとき　ぴざ　たべたくなる）\u003Cbr>When do you feel like eating pizza?\u003Cbr>_Notice: the を that should be between ピザ and 食べたくなる has been omitted_\n\n> Note that を is _not_ used with the word 何か (なにか), \"something\". As such, you'll see sentences like 何か食べたい？ (なにか たべたい?). This is perfectly OK!\n\n### (4) を in the \"ところを\" grammar point\n\nWe won't go too far into this one since it's a grammar point for [the JLPT N1, the highest level of the Japanese proficiency test](\u002Fblog\u002Fjapanese\u002Fjlpt-n1-overview), but you can read about it on your own if you want.\n\nWhen を appears with ところ in [the grammar point ところを](https:\u002F\u002Fjlptsensei.com\u002Flearn-japanese-grammar\u002F%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D%E3%82%92-tokoro-o-meaning\u002F), it's being used for one of two reasons:\n\n1. To preface an apology _(I'm sorry for interrupting you while you're busy, but... )_\n2. To mean \"when\" or \"at the time of\", but with a particularly positive or negative nuance\n\n### (5) を with verbs of motion\n\nYou'll sometimes see を used with verbs that involve some sort of motion, like 行く (いく, \"to go\")　 or 歩く (あるく, \"to walk\").\n\nWe're actually going to talk about this in more detail in the next section, so scroll down a bit!\n\n---\n\n## Some grammar points where を gets replaced with other particles\n\nWe've covered a lot of ground, but so far, an を has been an を; what you see is what you get\n\nUnfortunately, sometimes を can become が or は, too.\n\nThis happens with:\n\n- Intransitive verbs\n- Verbs in the potential form\n- Verbs in the ~たい form\n\n### (1) Transitive and intransitive Verbs, or when を becomes が and は\n\n> \u003CCenteredText bold underline>Warning\u003C\u002FCenteredText>\u003Cbr>\n>\n> This is a relatively advanced topic: transitive and intransitive verbs really, really deserve an entire blog post of their own. If you're a total beginner learning about を for the first time, you might want to skip this section.\n\nSo, remember how we said that you do verbs _to_ something, and that thing is the direct object? And that a direct object is the pizza you're eating, or the book you're reading?\n\nVerbs that you do to something, like:\n\n- Eat (a pizza)\n- Kick (a ball)\n- Read (a book)\n- Watch (a j-drama and understand it, even if you're still pretty new to Japanese, with Migaku 🤠)\n- Tickle (somebody)\n\nAre all what are known as [_transitive_ verbs](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTransitive_verb).\n\nIn contrast, there are some verbs that just happen:\n\n- Arise\n- Sleep\n- Laugh\n- Remain\n- Depart\n\nYou cannot arise, sleep, laugh, remain, or depart a pizza.\n\nVerbs that cannot take direct objects, such as these, are called [intransitive verbs](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FIntransitive_verb).\n\nUnfortunately, many English verbs actually actually bat for both teams:\n\n- The door opened (_intransitive_) \u002F I opened the door (_transitive_)\n- She runs in the morning (_intransitive_) \u002F She runs a small business (_transitive_)\n\nThis isn't the case in Japanese. Transitive and intransitive verbs have separate forms:\n\n- 開ける (あける, \"to open (transitive)\")\n- 開く (あく, \"to open (intransitive)\")\n\n> And now for the rule of thumb:\n>\n> - Use を (wo) with the object of a transitive verb\n> - Use は (wa) or が (ga) with the thing an intransitive verb is happening to\n\n\u003Caccordion heading=\"Bonus: を with (intransitive) verbs of motion\">\n\nAlright, and now we arrive to verbs of motion.\n\nVerbs of motion, such as _come_ or _go_, are generally intransitive in nature. You can't \"go\" a pizza, and you can't even \"go\" a walk—we need to use a preposition and go \"on\" a walk. Given what you've learned about direct objects, transitive verbs, and intransitive verbs so far, that should make sense.\n\nExcept for the fact that, sometimes in Japanese, you'll see sentences like this:\n\n- 廊下を歩いた。\u003Cbr>ろうかを　あるいた。\u003Cbr>\n  I walked through the hallway.\n- 公園を走った。\u003Cbr>こうえんを　はしった。\u003Cbr>\n  I ran though the park.\n\nAnd this looks really confusing in English because we can't walk a hallway or run a park.\n\nIn Japanese, though, it's perfectly OK.\n\nWhen を is used like this in Japanese, it is showing a route of passage. In other words:\n\n- Using を in the above sentences indicates that you were passing through these places\n- Using で in the above sentences would mean that you were doing the activity of running or walking in these places, taking on a nuance something like \"walking around\" and \"running around\"\n\n \u003C\u002Faccordion>\n\n### (2) Contrast, or when を becomes は\n\nWe cover this in much more detail in [the は (wa) section of our deep dive on Japanese particles](\u002Fblog\u002Fjapanese\u002Fjapanese-particles-guide#the-binding-particle-%E3%81%AF), but some particles, including を (wo), will become は (wa) in order to show contrast.\n\nCompare these two examples:\n\n- ピザを食べた。\u003Cbr>（ぴざを　たべた。）\n  - (I) ate a pizza.\n  - This is simply a neutral statement that you ate a pizza.\n- ピザは食べた。\u003Cbr>（ぴざは　たべた。）\n  - (I) ate a _pizza_.\n  - This sentence has some nuance to it. By using the contrastive は here, you're saying that while you _did_ eat a pizza, you _didn't_ eat something else.\n\nYou can think of what's happening here as either を (wo) becoming は (wa), or as は (wa) pulling double duty and taking on some of the qualities of を (wo). Whatever makes more sense to you.\n\n### (3) Potential and passive verbs, or を becomes が\n\nIn Japanese, the potential form of verbs (saying you have the ability to do something) and the passive form of verbs (saying that something was done) often are spelled the exact same way.\n\nFor example, when 食べる (たべる, \"to eat\") is put into the 食べられる (たべられる) form, it can mean either:\n\n- You are able to eat something\n- Something was eaten\n\nAnd in both of these cases, it's necessary to change を to が.\n\n- ナッツが食べられない。\u003Cbr>（なっつが　たべられない。）\u003Cbr> I cannot eat nuts.\n- ケーキが食べたれた。\u003Cbr>（けーきが　たべられた。）\u003Cbr> The cake was eaten.\n\n### (4) Verbs in the ~たい form, or one more case where を becomes が\n\nTo say that you want to do something in Japanese, you must conjugate a verb to its ~たい form.\n\nIn other words:\n\n- 食べる。\u003Cbr>（たべる。）\u003Cbr> (I) eat.\n\nBecomes:\n\n- 食べたい。\u003Cbr>（たべたい。）\u003Cbr> (I) want to eat.\n\nThat looks pretty straightforward, and for all practical purposes, it is.\n\nBut, for whatever reason, technically, [you're supposed to use が with verbs in the ~たい form](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ritsumei.ac.jp\u002Facd\u002Fcg\u002Flt\u002Frb\u002F599\u002F599pdf\u002Fhigasiya.pdf). More specifically, it used to be incorrect to use を with verbs in the ~たい form.\n\nYou don't need to worry about this because younger Japanese people have begun using を with verbs in the ~たい form, but you should know that many older speakers feel that this is incorrect and not acceptable. Know that you'll see both particles used, but don't worry about it too much.\n\n## Worried that you'll never learn how to use Japanese particles like を correctly?\n\nCheck out Migaku's Japanese Academy.\n\n\u003Ccustom-iframe src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FgFvZMZlUYfc?si=lQnGpKdo5mxnU-nx\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-iframe>\n\nWe started as a group of people who loved Japanese—many people on our staff have passed the JLPT N1, the highest level of the Japanese proficiency test.\n\nMigaku is actually a tool that makes Japanese text (such as the subtitles in anime) interactive, and it's incredibly useful for intermediate-level learners. Many of the people [in our community](\u002Fblog\u002Fjapanese\u002Fmigaku-japanese-learning-discord) are beginners, though, so we wanted to create a streamlined path that new learners could follow to zoom through the beginner phase and begin making use of Migaku.\n\nSo we looked...\n\n... and we looked...\n\n> ... and we didn't find a single Japanese textbook that we felt comfortable endorsing.\n>\n> So we decide to make our own.\n\nThe Migaku Japanese Academy represents over 10,000 hours of combined effort, and it's built on three straightforward premises:\n\n1. Theory is useless unless it's tied to practical examples—stuff you'll actually use\n2. Some things are more and less valuable to a beginner—you should learn the specific stuff you need to make Japanese media accessible\n3. It's important to be accessible—each lesson should contain at most one new word or grammar point\n\nThe Migaku Japanese Academy is a flashcard-based course, and it looks something like this:\n\n\u003Cimg src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fmigaku-japanese-academy-particle-wo.jpeg\" width=\"1468\" height=\"798\" alt=\"...\" \u002F>\n\nAs you progress through the course, you'll learn 386 grammar points, each lesson containing a practical explanation and several example sentences. After reading the lesson, you'll practice sentences that make use of that grammar point. The result is that after reading about how a grammar point works, you'll build an intuitive feel for how it's used in real Japanese sentences.\n\nBy the time you finish the course, you'll also have learned over 1,500 vocabulary words—but, again, not _any_ words. The specific words you need to go from zero to understanding over 80% of Japanese media.\n\nWe're pretty proud of it.\n\nAnd you can try it totally free for ten days. Just click the button below:\n\n\u003Cprose-button href=\"\u002Flearn-japanese\" text=\"Learn Japanese with Migaku\">\u003C\u002Fprose-button>\n\n---\n\n## In a nutshell...\n\nTo use the Japanese particle を (wo), just tack it directly onto the end of a sentence's direct object—the thing that's being affected by a verb.\n\nWhile this basic use of を (wo) is pretty straightforward, it does get used in a few ways you might not expect, and sometimes it can be replaced by other particles.\n\nImportantly, you don't need to memorize all of this stuff.\n\nAs you consume more Japanese content, and you see thousands of sentences that feature を (wo), you'll gradually develop a feel for what it means and how it works.\n\nGood luck!\n",{"title":5,"description":1015},"article\u002Fjapanese\u002Fjapanese-particle-wo","CIzOmNfgjGF2w_VTnad2zxXvh9HYFx4LgdSpYBgj9hk","December 23, 2024",{"approximate_member_count":1038},20111,null,[1041],{"id":4,"title":5,"body":1042,"description":1015,"extension":1016,"meta":1705,"navigation":1030,"path":1031,"rawbody":1032,"seo":1708,"stem":1034,"__hash__":1035,"timestampUnix":1018,"slug":1019,"h1":1020,"image":1706,"tags":1707},{"type":7,"value":1043,"toc":1684},[1044,1048,1050,1052,1054,1056,1058,1060,1072,1074,1076,1081,1083,1085,1087,1101,1103,1105,1119,1121,1133,1137,1139,1144,1146,1160,1162,1166,1168,1170,1172,1176,1178,1186,1188,1190,1200,1202,1234,1236,1238,1240,1242,1248,1250,1252,1254,1260,1262,1272,1274,1276,1278,1280,1286,1288,1296,1301,1313,1317,1319,1321,1325,1327,1342,1348,1350,1354,1359,1367,1369,1371,1373,1375,1377,1379,1381,1383,1391,1393,1401,1405,1407,1419,1426,1428,1440,1442,1447,1449,1463,1465,1471,1481,1523,1525,1529,1531,1559,1561,1563,1565,1567,1573,1575,1589,1591,1593,1595,1603,1605,1613,1615,1620,1622,1624,1626,1628,1630,1634,1636,1638,1644,1646,1654,1656,1658,1660,1664,1666,1668,1670,1672,1674,1676,1678,1680,1682],[10,1045,12,1046,18],{},[14,1047,17],{"href":16},[10,1049,21],{},[10,1051,24],{},[10,1053,27],{},[10,1055,30],{},[32,1057],{},[35,1059],{},[38,1061,1062,1064,1066],{},[41,1063,44],{"bold":43,"underline":43},[46,1065],{},[10,1067,50,1068,55,1070,60],{},[14,1069,54],{"href":53},[14,1071,59],{"href":58},[10,1073,63],{},[65,1075,68],{"id":67},[10,1077,71,1078,78],{},[14,1079,77],{"href":74,"rel":1080},[76],[10,1082,81],{},[83,1084],{"src":85,"width":86,"height":87,"alt":88},[10,1086,91],{},[93,1088,1089,1093,1097],{},[96,1090,1091,102],{},[99,1092,101],{},[96,1094,1095,108],{},[99,1096,107],{},[96,1098,1099,114],{},[99,1100,113],{},[10,1102,117],{},[10,1104,120],{},[93,1106,1107,1109],{},[96,1108,125],{},[96,1110,128,1111,132,1113,135,1115,140,1117,108],{},[99,1112,131],{},[99,1114,131],{},[137,1116,139],{},[137,1118,143],{},[10,1120,146],{},[93,1122,1123,1125],{},[96,1124,151],{},[96,1126,154,1127,158,1129,135,1131,164],{},[99,1128,157],{},[99,1130,157],{},[137,1132,163],{},[10,1134,167,1135,172],{},[14,1136,171],{"href":170},[65,1138,176],{"id":175},[10,1140,179,1141,185],{},[14,1142,184],{"href":182,"rel":1143},[76],[10,1145,188],{},[93,1147,1148,1152,1156],{},[96,1149,193,1150,60],{},[99,1151,196],{},[96,1153,199,1154,60],{},[99,1155,202],{},[96,1157,205,1158,60],{},[99,1159,208],{},[10,1161,211],{},[10,1163,214,1164,60],{},[137,1165,139],{},[35,1167],{},[65,1169,222],{"id":221},[10,1171,225],{},[38,1173,1174],{},[10,1175,230],{},[10,1177,233],{},[93,1179,1180,1182],{},[96,1181,238],{},[96,1183,241,1184,245],{},[99,1185,244],{},[65,1187,249],{"id":248},[10,1189,252],{},[38,1191,1192,1194],{},[10,1193,257],{},[259,1195,1196,1198],{},[96,1197,263],{},[96,1199,266],{},[10,1201,269],{},[93,1203,1204,1214,1224],{},[96,1205,274,1206,277,1208],{},[46,1207],{},[93,1209,1210,1212],{},[96,1211,282],{},[96,1213,285],{},[96,1215,288,1216,291,1218],{},[46,1217],{},[93,1219,1220,1222],{},[96,1221,296],{},[96,1223,299],{},[96,1225,302,1226,305,1228],{},[46,1227],{},[93,1229,1230,1232],{},[96,1231,310],{},[96,1233,313],{},[10,1235,316],{},[35,1237],{},[65,1239,322],{"id":321},[10,1241,325],{},[93,1243,1244,1246],{},[96,1245,330],{},[96,1247,333],{},[10,1249,336],{},[338,1251,341],{"id":340},[10,1253,344],{},[93,1255,1256],{},[96,1257,349,1258,60],{},[99,1259,352],{},[10,1261,355],{},[93,1263,1264],{},[96,1265,1266,363,1268,366,1270,370],{},[99,1267,362],{},[46,1269],{},[99,1271,369],{},[10,1273,373],{},[338,1275,377],{"id":376},[10,1277,380],{},[10,1279,383],{},[93,1281,1282,1284],{},[96,1283,388],{},[96,1285,391],{},[10,1287,394],{},[93,1289,1290,1292],{},[96,1291,399],{},[96,1293,402,1294,406],{},[137,1295,405],{},[10,1297,409,1298,415],{},[14,1299,414],{"href":412,"rel":1300},[76],[93,1302,1303,1305,1307],{},[96,1304,420],{},[96,1306,423],{},[96,1308,426,1309,430,1311,433],{},[99,1310,429],{},[99,1312,429],{},[10,1314,436,1315,439],{},[99,1316,429],{},[441,1318],{"src":443},[338,1320,447],{"id":446},[10,1322,450,1323,454],{},[137,1324,453],{},[10,1326,457],{},[93,1328,1329],{},[96,1330,1331,1334,469,1336,472,1338,1340],{},[14,1332,466],{"href":464,"rel":1333},[76],[46,1335],{},[46,1337],{},[46,1339],{},[137,1341,477],{},[38,1343,1344],{},[10,1345,482,1346,485],{},[137,1347,453],{},[338,1349,489],{"id":488},[10,1351,492,1352,497],{},[14,1353,496],{"href":495},[10,1355,500,1356,506],{},[14,1357,505],{"href":503,"rel":1358},[76],[259,1360,1361,1365],{},[96,1362,511,1363],{},[137,1364,514],{},[96,1366,517],{},[338,1368,521],{"id":520},[10,1370,524],{},[10,1372,527],{},[35,1374],{},[65,1376,533],{"id":532},[10,1378,536],{},[10,1380,539],{},[10,1382,542],{},[93,1384,1385,1387,1389],{},[96,1386,547],{},[96,1388,550],{},[96,1390,553],{},[338,1392,557],{"id":556},[38,1394,1395,1397,1399],{},[41,1396,562],{"bold":43,"underline":43},[46,1398],{},[10,1400,567],{},[10,1402,570,1403,573],{},[137,1404,139],{},[10,1406,576],{},[93,1408,1409,1411,1413,1415,1417],{},[96,1410,581],{},[96,1412,584],{},[96,1414,587],{},[96,1416,590],{},[96,1418,593],{},[10,1420,596,1421,60],{},[14,1422,1424,604],{"href":599,"rel":1423},[76],[137,1425,603],{},[10,1427,607],{},[93,1429,1430,1432,1434,1436,1438],{},[96,1431,612],{},[96,1433,615],{},[96,1435,618],{},[96,1437,621],{},[96,1439,624],{},[10,1441,627],{},[10,1443,630,1444,60],{},[14,1445,635],{"href":633,"rel":1446},[76],[10,1448,638],{},[93,1450,1451,1457],{},[96,1452,643,1453,647,1455,433],{},[137,1454,646],{},[137,1456,603],{},[96,1458,652,1459,655,1461,433],{},[137,1460,646],{},[137,1462,603],{},[10,1464,660],{},[93,1466,1467,1469],{},[96,1468,665],{},[96,1470,668],{},[38,1472,1473,1475],{},[10,1474,673],{},[93,1476,1477,1479],{},[96,1478,678],{},[96,1480,681],{},[683,1482,1483,1485,1491,1493,1511,1513,1515,1517,742],{"heading":685},[10,1484,688],{},[10,1486,691,1487,140,1489,697],{},[137,1488,694],{},[137,1490,244],{},[10,1492,700],{},[93,1494,1495,1503],{},[96,1496,705,1497,708,1499,1501,713],{},[46,1498],{},[46,1500],{},[46,1502],{},[96,1504,716,1505,719,1507,1509,724],{},[46,1506],{},[46,1508],{},[46,1510],{},[10,1512,727],{},[10,1514,730],{},[10,1516,733],{},[93,1518,1519,1521],{},[96,1520,738],{},[96,1522,741],{},[338,1524,746],{"id":745},[10,1526,749,1527,754],{},[14,1528,753],{"href":752},[10,1530,757],{},[93,1532,1533,1543],{},[96,1534,762,1535,765,1537],{},[46,1536],{},[93,1538,1539,1541],{},[96,1540,770],{},[96,1542,773],{},[96,1544,776,1545,779,1547],{},[46,1546],{},[93,1548,1549,1553],{},[96,1550,784,1551,60],{},[137,1552,787],{},[96,1554,790,1555,794,1557,798],{},[137,1556,793],{},[137,1558,797],{},[10,1560,801],{},[338,1562,805],{"id":804},[10,1564,808],{},[10,1566,811],{},[93,1568,1569,1571],{},[96,1570,816],{},[96,1572,819],{},[10,1574,822],{},[93,1576,1577,1583],{},[96,1578,827,1579,830,1581,833],{},[46,1580],{},[46,1582],{},[96,1584,836,1585,839,1587,842],{},[46,1586],{},[46,1588],{},[338,1590,846],{"id":845},[10,1592,849],{},[10,1594,852],{},[93,1596,1597],{},[96,1598,857,1599,860,1601,863],{},[46,1600],{},[46,1602],{},[10,1604,866],{},[93,1606,1607],{},[96,1608,871,1609,874,1611,877],{},[46,1610],{},[46,1612],{},[10,1614,880],{},[10,1616,883,1617,889],{},[14,1618,888],{"href":886,"rel":1619},[76],[10,1621,892],{},[65,1623,896],{"id":895},[10,1625,899],{},[441,1627],{"src":902},[10,1629,905],{},[10,1631,908,1632,913],{},[14,1633,912],{"href":911},[10,1635,916],{},[10,1637,919],{},[38,1639,1640,1642],{},[10,1641,924],{},[10,1643,927],{},[10,1645,930],{},[259,1647,1648,1650,1652],{},[96,1649,935],{},[96,1651,938],{},[96,1653,941],{},[10,1655,944],{},[83,1657],{"src":947,"width":948,"height":949,"alt":950},[10,1659,953],{},[10,1661,956,1662,960],{},[137,1663,959],{},[10,1665,963],{},[10,1667,966],{},[968,1669],{"href":16,"text":970},[35,1671],{},[65,1673,976],{"id":975},[10,1675,979],{},[10,1677,982],{},[10,1679,985],{},[10,1681,988],{},[10,1683,991],{},{"title":43,"searchDepth":993,"depth":993,"links":1685},[1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1697,1703,1704],{"id":67,"depth":993,"text":68},{"id":175,"depth":993,"text":176},{"id":221,"depth":993,"text":222},{"id":248,"depth":993,"text":249},{"id":321,"depth":993,"text":322,"children":1691},[1692,1693,1694,1695,1696],{"id":340,"depth":1002,"text":341},{"id":376,"depth":1002,"text":377},{"id":446,"depth":1002,"text":447},{"id":488,"depth":1002,"text":489},{"id":520,"depth":1002,"text":521},{"id":532,"depth":993,"text":533,"children":1698},[1699,1700,1701,1702],{"id":556,"depth":1002,"text":557},{"id":745,"depth":1002,"text":746},{"id":804,"depth":1002,"text":805},{"id":845,"depth":1002,"text":846},{"id":895,"depth":993,"text":896},{"id":975,"depth":993,"text":976},{"timestampUnix":1018,"slug":1019,"h1":1020,"image":1706,"tags":1707},{"src":1022,"width":1023,"height":1024,"alt":1025,"position":1026},[1028,1029],{"title":5,"description":1015},[1710,1727,1741],{"id":1711,"documentId":1712,"slug":1713,"category":1714,"lang":1039,"title":1715,"description":1716,"image":1717,"tags":1723,"timestampUnix":1726,"featured":1722},5846,"q6j9qy3whoetrn9x84kd4wkl","japanese-weather-phrases-daily-conversation","japanese","Japanese Weather Phrases for Daily Conversation","Learn common Japanese weather phrases for everyday conversations. Master essential vocabulary like sunny, rainy, and temperature descriptions with examples.",{"alt":1718,"src":1719,"width":1720,"height":1721,"previewOnly":1722},"Common Japanese weather phrases for daily conversation - Banner","https:\u002F\u002Fmigaku-cms-assets.migaku.com\u002F890940_ea2b811b0b\u002F890940_ea2b811b0b.jpg",1000,800,false,[1724,1725],"vocabulary","phrases","1775617200000",{"id":1728,"documentId":1729,"slug":1730,"category":1714,"lang":1039,"title":1731,"description":1732,"image":1733,"tags":1738,"timestampUnix":1740,"featured":1722},5791,"mghyyz4xqti9ey9umxvv14n4","japanese-weather-forecast-vocabulary","Japanese Weather Forecast Vocabulary Guide for Learners","Learn essential Japanese weather forecast vocabulary, from basic conditions to typhoon warnings. Understand forecasts, apps, and daily weather conversations in Japan.",{"alt":1734,"src":1735,"width":1736,"height":1737,"previewOnly":1722},"Understanding Japanese weather forecasts and reports - Banner","https:\u002F\u002Fmigaku-cms-assets.migaku.com\u002Fjapanese_words_for_sun_1024x683_9f15277e13\u002Fjapanese_words_for_sun_1024x683_9f15277e13.jpg",1024,683,[1724,1739,1725],"culture","1775523600000",{"id":1742,"documentId":1743,"slug":1744,"category":1714,"lang":1039,"title":1745,"description":1746,"image":1747,"tags":1751,"timestampUnix":1752,"featured":1722},5707,"teuv5pirp5rt5zcdvmfh28sy","japanese-hospital-vocabulary","Japanese Hospital Vocabulary: Medical Terms You Need to Know","Learn essential japanese hospital vocabulary for doctor visits, symptoms, medicine, and emergencies. Practical phrases to navigate Japan's healthcare system.",{"alt":1748,"src":1749,"width":1720,"height":1750,"previewOnly":1722},"Japanese medical and hospital vocabulary - Banner","https:\u002F\u002Fmigaku-cms-assets.migaku.com\u002F496890_6ececf90f3\u002F496890_6ececf90f3.jpg",979,[1724,1725],"1775430000000"]