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You'll use it to connect actions, make requests, talk about ongoing situations, ask for permission, and a whole bunch of other stuff. Pretty much every conversation you have in Japanese will involve the te-form in some way. 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Let me break down the main uses you'll encounter.",{"type":33,"tag":219,"props":763,"children":765},{"id":764},"connecting-sequential-actions",[766],{"type":38,"value":767},"Connecting sequential actions",{"type":33,"tag":34,"props":769,"children":770},{},[771],{"type":38,"value":772},"One of the most basic uses of te-form is connecting two or more actions that happen in sequence. In English, we might use \"and then\" or just \"and.\"",{"type":33,"tag":94,"props":774,"children":775},{},[776],{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":777,"children":778},{},[779,783,784,787],{"type":33,"tag":41,"props":780,"children":782},{"lang":43,"syntax":781},"朝[あさ;a] 起[お,おきる;k2]きて{、}シャワー[;a] を 浴[あ,あびる;h]びて{、}朝[あさ;n3]ごはん を 食[た,たべる;k2]べます",[],{"type":38,"value":737},{"type":33,"tag":739,"props":785,"children":786},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":788,"children":789},{},[790],{"type":38,"value":791},"I wake up in the morning, take a shower, and eat breakfast.",{"type":33,"tag":34,"props":793,"children":794},{},[795],{"type":38,"value":796},"The te-form creates a smooth flow between actions. The tense of the entire sentence is determined by the final verb, so all the te-form verbs just follow along with that tense.",{"type":33,"tag":219,"props":798,"children":800},{"id":799},"present-progressive-tense-with-いる",[801],{"type":38,"value":802},"Present progressive tense with いる",{"type":33,"tag":34,"props":804,"children":805},{},[806],{"type":38,"value":807},"When you add いる (iru, to exist) after a verb in te-form, you create the present progressive tense. This expresses an ongoing action or state.",{"type":33,"tag":94,"props":809,"children":810},{},[811,827],{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":812,"children":813},{},[814,818,819,822],{"type":33,"tag":41,"props":815,"children":817},{"lang":43,"syntax":816},"今[いま;a]{、}勉強[べんきょう;h] し[,する;h]て い[,いる;h]ます",[],{"type":38,"value":737},{"type":33,"tag":739,"props":820,"children":821},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":823,"children":824},{},[825],{"type":38,"value":826},"I am studying now.",{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":828,"children":829},{},[830,834,835,838],{"type":33,"tag":41,"props":831,"children":833},{"lang":43,"syntax":832},"彼[かれ;a] は 走[はし,はしる;k2]って い[,いる;h]ます",[],{"type":38,"value":737},{"type":33,"tag":739,"props":836,"children":837},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":839,"children":840},{},[841],{"type":38,"value":842},"He is running.",{"type":33,"tag":34,"props":844,"children":845},{},[846],{"type":38,"value":847},"You can also use the past tense of いる to show something was ongoing in the past:",{"type":33,"tag":94,"props":849,"children":850},{},[851],{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":852,"children":853},{},[854,858,859,862],{"type":33,"tag":41,"props":855,"children":857},{"lang":43,"syntax":856},"昨日[きのう;h] の 夜[よる;a]{、}テレビ[;a] を 見[み,みる;k1]て い[,いる;h]ました",[],{"type":38,"value":737},{"type":33,"tag":739,"props":860,"children":861},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":863,"children":864},{},[865],{"type":38,"value":866},"Last night, I was watching TV.",{"type":33,"tag":219,"props":868,"children":870},{"id":869},"making-requests",[871],{"type":38,"value":872},"Making requests",{"type":33,"tag":34,"props":874,"children":875},{},[876],{"type":38,"value":877},"Adding ください (kudasai) after a verb in te-form creates a polite request. This is super common in everyday Japanese.",{"type":33,"tag":94,"props":879,"children":880},{},[881,897,913],{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":882,"children":883},{},[884,888,889,892],{"type":33,"tag":41,"props":885,"children":887},{"lang":43,"syntax":886},"ちょっと[;o] 待[ま,まつ;k1]って ください[,くださる;k3]",[],{"type":38,"value":737},{"type":33,"tag":739,"props":890,"children":891},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":893,"children":894},{},[895],{"type":38,"value":896},"Please wait a moment.",{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":898,"children":899},{},[900,904,905,908],{"type":33,"tag":41,"props":901,"children":903},{"lang":43,"syntax":902},"ここに[;h] 名前[なまえ;h] を 書[か,かく;k1]いて ください[,くださる;k3]",[],{"type":38,"value":737},{"type":33,"tag":739,"props":906,"children":907},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":909,"children":910},{},[911],{"type":38,"value":912},"Please write your name here.",{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":914,"children":915},{},[916,920,921,924],{"type":33,"tag":41,"props":917,"children":919},{"lang":43,"syntax":918},"窓[まど;a] を 開[あ,ひらける;k3]けて ください[,くださる;k3]",[],{"type":38,"value":737},{"type":33,"tag":739,"props":922,"children":923},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":925,"children":926},{},[927],{"type":38,"value":928},"Please open the window.",{"type":33,"tag":219,"props":930,"children":932},{"id":931},"asking-for-permission",[933],{"type":38,"value":934},"Asking for permission",{"type":33,"tag":34,"props":936,"children":937},{},[938],{"type":38,"value":939},"The pattern te-form + もいいですか (mo ii desu ka) lets you ask if something is okay to do.",{"type":33,"tag":94,"props":941,"children":942},{},[943,959],{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":944,"children":945},{},[946,950,951,954],{"type":33,"tag":41,"props":947,"children":949},{"lang":43,"syntax":948},"写真[しゃしん;h] を 撮[と,とる;k1]って も いい[;k1] です[;a] か",[],{"type":38,"value":737},{"type":33,"tag":739,"props":952,"children":953},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":955,"children":956},{},[957],{"type":38,"value":958},"May I take a photo?",{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":960,"children":961},{},[962,966,967,970],{"type":33,"tag":41,"props":963,"children":965},{"lang":43,"syntax":964},"ここ[;h] に 座[すわ,すわる;h]って も いい[;k1] です[;a] か",[],{"type":38,"value":737},{"type":33,"tag":739,"props":968,"children":969},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":971,"children":972},{},[973],{"type":38,"value":974},"May I sit here?",{"type":33,"tag":34,"props":976,"children":977},{},[978],{"type":38,"value":979},"When someone asks you this, you can respond with the te-form + もいいです (mo ii desu) to give permission, or te-form + はいけません (wa ikemasen) to refuse.",{"type":33,"tag":219,"props":981,"children":983},{"id":982},"giving-instructions-or-prohibitions",[984],{"type":38,"value":985},"Giving instructions or prohibitions",{"type":33,"tag":34,"props":987,"children":988},{},[989],{"type":38,"value":990},"You can use te-form + はいけません (wa ikemasen) or te-form + はだめです (wa dame desu) to say something is not allowed.",{"type":33,"tag":94,"props":992,"children":993},{},[994,1010],{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":995,"children":996},{},[997,1001,1002,1005],{"type":33,"tag":41,"props":998,"children":1000},{"lang":43,"syntax":999},"ここ[;h] で 泳[およ,およぐ;k2]いで は いけ[,いける;k2]ません",[],{"type":38,"value":737},{"type":33,"tag":739,"props":1003,"children":1004},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":1006,"children":1007},{},[1008],{"type":38,"value":1009},"You must not swim here.",{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":1011,"children":1012},{},[1013,1017,1018,1021],{"type":33,"tag":41,"props":1014,"children":1016},{"lang":43,"syntax":1015},"授業[じゅぎょう;a] 中[ちゅう;a] に 電話[でんわ;h] を 使[つか,つかう;h]って は だめ[;o] です[;a]",[],{"type":38,"value":737},{"type":33,"tag":739,"props":1019,"children":1020},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":1022,"children":1023},{},[1024],{"type":38,"value":1025},"You can't use your phone during class.",{"type":33,"tag":219,"props":1027,"children":1029},{"id":1028},"expressing-cause-and-reason-from-the-past-tense",[1030],{"type":38,"value":1031},"Expressing cause and reason from the past tense",{"type":33,"tag":34,"props":1033,"children":1034},{},[1035],{"type":38,"value":1036},"Sometimes the te-form can show that one action is the reason or cause for another.",{"type":33,"tag":94,"props":1038,"children":1039},{},[1040,1056],{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":1041,"children":1042},{},[1043,1047,1048,1051],{"type":33,"tag":41,"props":1044,"children":1046},{"lang":43,"syntax":1045},"雨[あめ;a] が 降[ふ,くだる]って{、}試合[しあい;h] が 中止[ちゅうし;h] に なり[,なる;h]ました",[],{"type":38,"value":737},{"type":33,"tag":739,"props":1049,"children":1050},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":1052,"children":1053},{},[1054],{"type":38,"value":1055},"It rained, so the game was canceled.",{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":1057,"children":1058},{},[1059,1063,1064,1067],{"type":33,"tag":41,"props":1060,"children":1062},{"lang":43,"syntax":1061},"財布[さいふ;h] を 忘[わす,わすれる;h]れて{、}困[こま,こまる;k2]りました",[],{"type":38,"value":737},{"type":33,"tag":739,"props":1065,"children":1066},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":1068,"children":1069},{},[1070],{"type":38,"value":1071},"I forgot my wallet and was in trouble.",{"type":33,"tag":219,"props":1073,"children":1075},{"id":1074},"describing-a-state-resulting-from-past-action",[1076],{"type":38,"value":1077},"Describing a state resulting from past action",{"type":33,"tag":34,"props":1079,"children":1080},{},[1081],{"type":38,"value":1082},"When you use te-form + いる with certain verbs, it describes a state that resulted from a past action and continues to the present.",{"type":33,"tag":94,"props":1084,"children":1085},{},[1086,1104,1122],{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":1087,"children":1088},{},[1089,1093,1094,1097,1102],{"type":33,"tag":41,"props":1090,"children":1092},{"lang":43,"syntax":1091},"結婚[けっこん;h] し[,する;h]て い[,いる;h]ます",[],{"type":38,"value":737},{"type":33,"tag":739,"props":1095,"children":1096},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":1098,"children":1099},{},[1100],{"type":38,"value":1101},"I am married.",{"type":38,"value":1103},"\n (I got married and am still married.)\n",{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":1105,"children":1106},{},[1107,1111,1112,1115,1120],{"type":33,"tag":41,"props":1108,"children":1110},{"lang":43,"syntax":1109},"太[ふと,ふとる;k2]って い[,いる;h]ます",[],{"type":38,"value":737},{"type":33,"tag":739,"props":1113,"children":1114},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":1116,"children":1117},{},[1118],{"type":38,"value":1119},"I'm fat.",{"type":38,"value":1121},"\n (I gained weight and am still heavy.)\n",{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":1123,"children":1124},{},[1125,1129,1130,1133,1138],{"type":33,"tag":41,"props":1126,"children":1128},{"lang":43,"syntax":1127},"知[し,しる;h]って い[,いる;h]ます",[],{"type":38,"value":737},{"type":33,"tag":739,"props":1131,"children":1132},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":1134,"children":1135},{},[1136],{"type":38,"value":1137},"I know.",{"type":38,"value":1139},"\n (I came to know and still know.)\n",{"type":33,"tag":64,"props":1141,"children":1142},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":68,"props":1144,"children":1146},{"id":1145},"common-te-verb-form-expressions-youll-use-all-the-time",[1147],{"type":38,"value":1148},"Common te verb form expressions you’ll use all the time",{"type":33,"tag":34,"props":1150,"children":1151},{},[1152],{"type":38,"value":1153},"Once you've got the basic conjugation down, these expressions will become part of your daily 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しまい[,しまう]ました",[],{"type":38,"value":737},{"type":33,"tag":739,"props":1234,"children":1235},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":1237,"children":1238},{},[1239],{"type":38,"value":1240},"I ended up forgetting my homework.",{"type":38,"value":1242},"\n (With regret)\n",{"type":33,"tag":34,"props":1244,"children":1245},{},[1246,1251],{"type":33,"tag":159,"props":1247,"children":1248},{},[1249],{"type":38,"value":1250},"〜てくる (te kuru)",{"type":38,"value":1252}," means \"to do something and come back\" or indicates a change happening over time:",{"type":33,"tag":94,"props":1254,"children":1255},{},[1256],{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":1257,"children":1258},{},[1259,1263,1264,1267],{"type":33,"tag":41,"props":1260,"children":1262},{"lang":43,"syntax":1261},"ちょっと[;o] 買い物[かいもの;h] に 行[い,ゆく;h]って き[,くる;k1]ます",[],{"type":38,"value":737},{"type":33,"tag":739,"props":1265,"children":1266},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":1268,"children":1269},{},[1270,1272,1279],{"type":38,"value":1271},"I'll go ",{"type":33,"tag":49,"props":1273,"children":1276},{"href":1274,"rel":1275},"https:\u002F\u002Fmigaku.com\u002Fblog\u002Fjapanese\u002Fjapanese-shopping-phrases",[53],[1277],{"type":38,"value":1278},"shopping",{"type":38,"value":1280}," and come back.",{"type":33,"tag":34,"props":1282,"children":1283},{},[1284,1289],{"type":33,"tag":159,"props":1285,"children":1286},{},[1287],{"type":38,"value":1288},"〜ていく (te iku)",{"type":38,"value":1290}," means \"to do something and go\" or indicates a continuing change:",{"type":33,"tag":94,"props":1292,"children":1293},{},[1294],{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":1295,"children":1296},{},[1297,1301,1302,1305],{"type":33,"tag":41,"props":1298,"children":1300},{"lang":43,"syntax":1299},"これから[;h] 寒[さむ,さむい;k2]く なっ[,なる;h]て いき[,いく;h]ます",[],{"type":38,"value":737},{"type":33,"tag":739,"props":1303,"children":1304},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":1306,"children":1307},{},[1308],{"type":38,"value":1309},"It will get colder from now on.",{"type":33,"tag":64,"props":1311,"children":1312},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":68,"props":1314,"children":1316},{"id":1315},"how-to-memorize-て-form-in-japanese",[1317],{"type":38,"value":1318},"How to memorize て form in Japanese",{"type":33,"tag":34,"props":1320,"children":1321},{},[1322],{"type":38,"value":1323},"Honestly, memorizing all these conjugation rules takes practice. Here are some tips that actually help:",{"type":33,"tag":152,"props":1325,"children":1326},{},[1327,1337,1347,1357],{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":1328,"children":1329},{},[1330,1335],{"type":33,"tag":159,"props":1331,"children":1332},{},[1333],{"type":38,"value":1334},"Practice with common verbs first.",{"type":38,"value":1336}," Don't try to learn every possible verb conjugation at once. Start with the 20-30 most common verbs you use daily. Once those become automatic, add more.",{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":1338,"children":1339},{},[1340,1345],{"type":33,"tag":159,"props":1341,"children":1342},{},[1343],{"type":38,"value":1344},"Group verbs by their ending pattern.",{"type":38,"value":1346}," Make flashcards or lists that group verbs by how they conjugate. All the verbs that become って together, all the ones that become んで together, and so on.",{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":1348,"children":1349},{},[1350,1355],{"type":33,"tag":159,"props":1351,"children":1352},{},[1353],{"type":38,"value":1354},"Write sentences, not just conjugations.",{"type":38,"value":1356}," Conjugating verbs in isolation is boring and doesn't stick as well. Write actual sentences using the te-form so you see it in context.",{"type":33,"tag":98,"props":1358,"children":1359},{},[1360,1365],{"type":33,"tag":159,"props":1361,"children":1362},{},[1363],{"type":38,"value":1364},"Pay attention when reading or listening.",{"type":38,"value":1366}," Once you know the te-form exists, you'll start noticing it everywhere in Japanese content. That natural exposure helps reinforce the patterns.",{"type":33,"tag":34,"props":1368,"children":1369},{},[1370],{"type":38,"value":1371},"If you want to practice recognizing te-form and other grammar patterns in real Japanese content, Migaku's browser extension and app let you look up words and grammar instantly while watching shows or reading articles. Makes learning from native content way more practical. There's a 10-day free trial if you want to check it out.",{"type":33,"tag":1373,"props":1374,"children":1378},"img",{"src":1375,"width":1376,"height":17,"alt":1377},"https:\u002F\u002Fmigaku-cms-assets.migaku.com\u002F3_screens_purple_5_3fb4aae664\u002F3_screens_purple_5_3fb4aae664.png",1620,"Learn Japanese language with Migaku",[],{"type":33,"tag":1380,"props":1381,"children":1384},"prose-button",{"href":1382,"text":1383},"\u002Flearn-japanese","Learn Japanese with Migaku",[],{"type":33,"tag":64,"props":1386,"children":1387},{},[],{"type":33,"tag":68,"props":1389,"children":1391},{"id":1390},"the-key-to-learning-japanese-verb-conjugation",[1392],{"type":38,"value":1393},"The key to learning Japanese verb conjugation",{"type":33,"tag":34,"props":1395,"children":1396},{},[1397],{"type":38,"value":1398},"The key is consistent practice and exposure to use the te form. Conjugate a few verbs every day, write sentences using different te-form patterns, and consume Japanese content where you can see these structures in action.",{"type":33,"tag":75,"props":1400,"children":1401},{},[1402],{"type":33,"tag":34,"props":1403,"children":1404},{},[1405,1407,1412],{"type":38,"value":1406},"If you consume media in Japanese, and you understand at least some of the messages and sentences within that media, you will make progress. ",{"type":33,"tag":743,"props":1408,"children":1409},{},[1410],{"type":38,"value":1411},"Period",{"type":38,"value":1413},".",{"type":33,"tag":34,"props":1415,"children":1416},{},[1417],{"type":38,"value":1418},"Rules are dry, but learning from immersion is fun!",{"title":27,"searchDepth":1420,"depth":1420,"links":1421},2,[1422,1423,1424,1430,1432,1441,1442,1443],{"id":70,"depth":1420,"text":73},{"id":133,"depth":1420,"text":136},{"id":209,"depth":1420,"text":212,"children":1425},[1426,1428,1429],{"id":221,"depth":1427,"text":224},3,{"id":494,"depth":1427,"text":497},{"id":576,"depth":1427,"text":579},{"id":612,"depth":1420,"text":1431},"Te-form with adjectives and nouns conjugation patterns",{"id":753,"depth":1420,"text":756,"children":1433},[1434,1435,1436,1437,1438,1439,1440],{"id":764,"depth":1427,"text":767},{"id":799,"depth":1427,"text":802},{"id":869,"depth":1427,"text":872},{"id":931,"depth":1427,"text":934},{"id":982,"depth":1427,"text":985},{"id":1028,"depth":1427,"text":1031},{"id":1074,"depth":1427,"text":1077},{"id":1145,"depth":1420,"text":1148},{"id":1315,"depth":1420,"text":1318},{"id":1390,"depth":1420,"text":1393},"2025-12-29T22:45:49.452Z","2026-01-16T10:28:44.783Z","2026-01-16T10:28:44.825Z","japanese",0,"December 29, 2025",[],[1452,1466,1479],{"id":1453,"documentId":1454,"slug":1455,"category":1447,"lang":3,"title":1456,"description":1457,"image":1458,"tags":1462,"timestampUnix":1465,"featured":19},6138,"t4kyrojag773t50kom5plzgu","japanese-writing-systems-explained","Japanese Writing Systems Explained: Hiragana, Katakana & Kanji","Learn the three Japanese writing systems: hiragana, katakana, and kanji. 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