[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"blog-article-local-japanese-verb-iru":3,"$fHZsWYl_LcdVZ5GxKwtR-ZqvCZbbUdo2_Fi6R_GQKiQM":1320,"blog-article-cms-japanese-verb-iru":1322,"article-hreflang-japanese-verb-iru":1323,"blog-article-related-japanese-verb-iru":2257},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1297,"extension":1298,"meta":1299,"navigation":1313,"path":1314,"rawbody":1315,"seo":1316,"stem":1317,"__hash__":1318,"timestampUnix":1300,"slug":1301,"h1":1302,"image":1303,"tags":1308,"timestamp":1319,"locale":-1},"content\u002Farticle\u002Fjapanese\u002Fjapanese-iru.md","How to Conjugate the Japanese Verb いる (iru): Your Go-To Verb for Living Things",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1276},"minimark",[9,18,21,34,37,40,43,50,53,299,301,307,320,323,335,340,374,379,411,416,445,450,479,481,487,494,503,549,558,581,583,590,593,600,613,623,626,647,649,655,661,664,719,722,749,751,757,768,776,783,803,805,811,814,828,835,855,857,863,870,873,887,890,910,921,923,929,935,938,952,955,978,980,986,992,999,1009,1015,1032,1038,1055,1061,1078,1104,1108,1114,1117,1119,1125,1131,1137,1143,1146,1178,1184,1190,1193,1223,1226,1228,1234,1239,1246,1269,1272],[10,11,12,13,17],"p",{},"So you're learning Japanese, and you're ready to tackle one of the most essential verbs in the language: ",[14,15,16],"strong",{},"いる (iru)","! It is used to talk about the presence or existence of animate things—living things, or things like gods that are thought to be alive.",[10,19,20],{},"Depending on the situation, you might see いる translated as:",[22,23,24,28,31],"ul",{},[25,26,27],"li",{},"to be",[25,29,30],{},"there are",[25,32,33],{},"to exist",[10,35,36],{},"Now, let’s break down the conjugations and uses of this lovely little verb so you can start throwing it around like a pro! We'll get into:",[38,39],"toc",{},[41,42],"hr",{},[44,45,47],"h2",{"id":46},"cheatsheet-いるs-conjugations",[14,48,49],{},"Cheatsheet: いる's conjugations",[10,51,52],{},"On the off-chance that you already know how いる works and just want to check on a conjugation, here's all of the conjugations of いる in one clean table:",[54,55,56,75],"table",{},[57,58,59],"thead",{},[60,61,62,66,69,72],"tr",{},[63,64,65],"th",{},"Tense\u002FForm",[63,67,68],{},"Hiragana Conjugation",[63,70,71],{},"Romaji Conjugation",[63,73,74],{},"English Translation",[76,77,78,93,107,121,135,149,162,175,188,202,216,229,243,257,271,285],"tbody",{},[60,79,80,84,87,90],{},[81,82,83],"td",{},"Plain Present Tense",[81,85,86],{},"いる",[81,88,89],{},"iru",[81,91,92],{},"to exist \u002F to be (somewhere)",[60,94,95,98,101,104],{},[81,96,97],{},"Plain Past Tense",[81,99,100],{},"いた",[81,102,103],{},"ita",[81,105,106],{},"existed \u002F was (somewhere)",[60,108,109,112,115,118],{},[81,110,111],{},"Plain Negative",[81,113,114],{},"いない",[81,116,117],{},"inai",[81,119,120],{},"does not exist \u002F is not (somewhere)",[60,122,123,126,129,132],{},[81,124,125],{},"Plain Past Negative",[81,127,128],{},"いなかった",[81,130,131],{},"inakatta",[81,133,134],{},"did not exist \u002F was not (somewhere)",[60,136,137,140,143,146],{},[81,138,139],{},"Polite Present",[81,141,142],{},"います",[81,144,145],{},"imasu",[81,147,148],{},"to exist \u002F to be (present)",[60,150,151,154,157,160],{},[81,152,153],{},"Polite Past",[81,155,156],{},"いました",[81,158,159],{},"imashita",[81,161,106],{},[60,163,164,167,170,173],{},[81,165,166],{},"Polite Negative",[81,168,169],{},"いません",[81,171,172],{},"imasen",[81,174,120],{},[60,176,177,180,183,186],{},[81,178,179],{},"Polite Past Negative",[81,181,182],{},"いませんでした",[81,184,185],{},"imasen deshita",[81,187,134],{},[60,189,190,193,196,199],{},[81,191,192],{},"Te-form",[81,194,195],{},"いて",[81,197,198],{},"ite",[81,200,201],{},"(see section on て-form)",[60,203,204,207,210,213],{},[81,205,206],{},"Conditional (Ba-form)",[81,208,209],{},"いれば",[81,211,212],{},"ireba",[81,214,215],{},"if (someone) is (somewhere) \u002F if (someone) exists",[60,217,218,221,224,227],{},[81,219,220],{},"Conditional (Tara-form)",[81,222,223],{},"いたら",[81,225,226],{},"itara",[81,228,215],{},[60,230,231,234,237,240],{},[81,232,233],{},"Volitional",[81,235,236],{},"いよう",[81,238,239],{},"iyou",[81,241,242],{},"let’s be \u002F let’s stay",[60,244,245,248,251,254],{},[81,246,247],{},"Potential",[81,249,250],{},"いられる",[81,252,253],{},"irareru",[81,255,256],{},"can exist \u002F can be",[60,258,259,262,265,268],{},[81,260,261],{},"Imperative",[81,263,264],{},"いろ",[81,266,267],{},"iro",[81,269,270],{},"be! \u002F stay!",[60,272,273,276,279,282],{},[81,274,275],{},"Negative Imperative",[81,277,278],{},"いるな",[81,280,281],{},"iruna",[81,283,284],{},"don’t be! \u002F don’t stay!",[60,286,287,290,293,296],{},[81,288,289],{},"Causative",[81,291,292],{},"いさせる",[81,294,295],{},"isaseru",[81,297,298],{},"make (someone) exist \u002F be",[41,300],{},[44,302,304],{"id":303},"basic-conjugations-of-いる",[14,305,306],{},"Basic Conjugations of いる",[10,308,309,310,313,314,319],{},"いる is an ",[14,311,312],{},"ichidan verb"," (",[315,316],"typo",{"lang":317,"syntax":318},"ja","一段動詞[いちだんどうし]","), known more colloquially as a \"ru\" verb. These verbs are convenient to work with because every ichidan verb follows the same conjugation pattern: you simply remove -る from the end of the verb and replace it with something else.",[10,321,322],{},"Below, we offer two sets of conjugations for each tense: plain and polite. Plain verbs are used when speaking casually, in some grammatical constructions, and are what you'll see in the dictionary. Polite verbs are used when talking with strangers or in situations where it isn't appropriate to speak casually.",[324,325,326],"blockquote",{},[10,327,328,329,334],{},"We've translated the various forms of いる as \"to exist\" or \"to be (somewhere)\". Don't get too hung up on this: いる can be translated in several different ways, depending on the sentence it is in. (This is something you'll need to get used to if you want to ",[330,331,333],"a",{"href":332},"\u002Flearn-japanese","learn Japanese",". What you should notice is that every example sentence somehow refers to the presence or existence of something.",[10,336,337],{},[14,338,339],{},"Present Tense",[22,341,342,348,354],{},[25,343,344,347],{},[14,345,346],{},"Plain form",": いる (iru) — \"exists\" or \"is (somewhere)\"",[25,349,350,353],{},[14,351,352],{},"Polite form",": います (imasu)",[25,355,356,359,360,363,366,368,369,371,373],{},[14,357,358],{},"Example sentence",": ",[315,361],{"lang":317,"syntax":362},"私[わたし]はここに(いる・います)。",[364,365],"br",{},[364,367],{},"\nwatashi wa koko ni iru・imasu.",[364,370],{},[364,372],{},"\nI am here.",[10,375,376],{},[14,377,378],{},"Negative Present",[22,380,381,386,391],{},[25,382,383,385],{},[14,384,346],{},": いない (inai) – \"doesn't exist\" or \"isn't (somewhere)\"",[25,387,388,390],{},[14,389,352],{},": いません (imasen)",[25,392,393,395,396,398,401,403,405,406,408,410],{},[14,394,358],{},":",[364,397],{},[315,399],{"lang":317,"syntax":400},"庭[にわ] に は 猫[ねこ] が い[,いる]ない{。}",[364,402],{},[364,404],{},"\nniwa ni wa neko ga inai・imasen.",[364,407],{},[364,409],{},"\nThere isn't a cat in the garden.",[10,412,413],{},[14,414,415],{},"Past Tense",[22,417,418,423,428],{},[25,419,420,422],{},[14,421,346],{},": いた (ita) – \"was (somewhere)\" or \"existed\"",[25,424,425,427],{},[14,426,352],{},": いました (imashita)",[25,429,430,359,432,435,437,439,440,442,444],{},[14,431,358],{},[315,433],{"lang":317,"syntax":434},"そこ に は{、}巨大[きょだい] な ドラゴン が (いた・いませんでした)",[364,436],{},[364,438],{},"\nsoko ni wa, kyodaina doragon ga ita",[364,441],{},[364,443],{},"\nThere was a giant dragon there.",[10,446,447],{},[14,448,449],{},"Negative Past",[22,451,452,457,462],{},[25,453,454,456],{},[14,455,346],{},": いなかった (inakatta) – \"was not (somewhere)\" or \"didn't exist\"",[25,458,459,461],{},[14,460,352],{},": いませんでした (imasen deshita)",[25,463,464,359,466,469,471,473,474,476,478],{},[14,465,358],{},[315,467],{"lang":317,"syntax":468},"振り返[ふりかえ]る と{、}そこ に は 誰[だれ] も (いなかった・いませんでした){。}",[364,470],{},[364,472],{},"\nfurikaeru to, soko ni wa dare mo inakatta",[364,475],{},[364,477],{},"\nWhen I turned around, nobody was there.",[41,480],{},[44,482,484],{"id":483},"て-form-progressive-actions",[14,485,486],{},"て-Form & Progressive Actions",[10,488,489,490,493],{},"The ",[14,491,492],{},"て-form"," is a special Japanese verb form used to show sequences of actions, to link events or states, and a few other things.",[10,495,496,497,499,500,502],{},"The most basic usage of the ",[14,498,492],{}," is to express ongoing actions, states, or habits, similar to how we use \"-ing\" in English. To do this, conjugate a verb into the ",[14,501,492],{}," and then tack いる onto it.",[22,504,505,527],{},[25,506,507,510,512,514,515,518,520,522,523,526],{},[315,508],{"lang":317,"syntax":509},"犬[いぬ] が 私[わたし] の おにぎり を \u003Cstrong> 食[た,たべる]べて いる{。}",[364,511],{},[364,513],{},"\n\n\ninu ga watashi no onigiri wo \n",[14,516,517],{},"tabeteiru",[364,519],{},[364,521],{},"\n\n\nThe dog is \n",[14,524,525],{},"eating","\n my rice ball.\n",[25,528,529,532,534,536,537,540,542,544,545,548],{},[315,530],{"lang":317,"syntax":531},"私[わたし] は 本[ほん] を \u003Cstrong>読[よ,よむ]んで いる\u003C\u002Fstrong>{。}",[364,533],{},[364,535],{},"\n\n\nwatashi wa hon wo \n",[14,538,539],{},"yondeiru",[364,541],{},[364,543],{},"\n\n\nI am \n",[14,546,547],{},"reading","\n a book.\n",[10,550,551,552,554,555,557],{},"Another common usage of the ",[14,553,492],{}," is to ask for permission to do something. To create this form, simply add tack もいい onto the end of a verb in the ",[14,556,492],{},".",[22,559,560],{},[25,561,562,563,566,567,569,571,572,575,576,578,580],{},"ちょっとだけ、ここに",[14,564,565],{},"いてもいい","ですか",[364,568],{},[364,570],{},"\nchotto dake, koko ni ",[14,573,574],{},"itemo ii","desu ka",[364,577],{},[364,579],{},"\nIs it OK if I stay here, for just a little while?",[41,582],{},[584,585,587],"h3",{"id":586},"volitional-form-lets-stay",[14,588,589],{},"Volitional Form (Let's stay!)",[10,591,592],{},"The volitional form is used to make suggestions or express your desire\u002Fintention to do something. It's often translated to \"let's\" or \"shall\" in English.",[10,594,595,596,599],{},"To put いる into the ",[14,597,598],{},"volitional form",", you'll change it as follows:",[22,601,602,608],{},[25,603,604,607],{},[14,605,606],{},"いよう (iyou)"," – \"let's stay\" or \"let's exist\"",[25,609,610],{},[14,611,612],{},"いましょう (imashou)",[10,614,489,615,617,618,622],{},[14,616,598],{}," is a common verb form, but given the nature of, well, ",[619,620,621],"em",{},"existing",", you likely won't use it often with いる.",[10,624,625],{},"Here's one relatively natural example for you:",[22,627,628],{},[25,629,630,633,635,637,638,641,642,644,646],{},[315,631],{"lang":317,"syntax":632},"雨[あめ] が 止[や]む まで{、}ここ に い[,いる]ましょう{。}",[364,634],{},[364,636],{},"\n\n\name ga yamu made, koko ni \n",[14,639,640],{},"imashou","\n.\n",[364,643],{},[364,645],{},"\n\n\nLet's stay here until it stops raining.\n",[41,648],{},[44,650,652],{"id":651},"conditional-forms-if-something-exists",[14,653,654],{},"Conditional Forms (If (something) exists...)",[10,656,489,657,660],{},[14,658,659],{},"conditional form"," is used when you want to say \"if\" or raise a certain condition. There are actually a few different ways to make conditional statements in Japanese: the ~ば and ~たら form of verbs. They're very similar in meaning, but have a slight difference in nuance.",[10,662,663],{},"Putting a verb into the ~ば form places emphasis on the condition:",[22,665,666,692],{},[25,667,668,671,672],{},[14,669,670],{},"いれば (ireba)"," – \"if (someone) exists\" or \"if (someone) is here\"",[22,673,674],{},[25,675,676,679,681,683,684,686,687,689,691],{},[315,677],{"lang":317,"syntax":678},"彼女[かのじょ] が\u003Cstrong>いれ[,いる]ば\u003C\u002Fstrong>負[ま]ける はず が ない{。}",[364,680],{},[364,682],{},"\n\n\nkanojo ga \n",[14,685,212],{},"\n, makeru hazu ga nai.\n",[364,688],{},[364,690],{},"\n\n\nSo long as she's here, there's no way we can lose.\n",[25,693,694,697,698],{},[14,695,696],{},"いなければ (inakereba)"," – \"if (someone) doesn't exist\" or \"if (someone) isn't here\"",[22,699,700],{},[25,701,702,705,707,709,710,713,714,716,718],{},[315,703],{"lang":317,"syntax":704},"先生[せんせい] が \u003Cstrong>い[,いる]なければ\u003C\u002Fstrong>{、}あなた と 出会[であ]う こと は でき[,できる]なかった{。}",[364,706],{},[364,708],{},"\n\n\nsensei ga \n",[14,711,712],{},"inakereba","\n, anata to deau koto ha dekinakatta.\n",[364,715],{},[364,717],{},"\n\n\nIf it weren't for the teacher (lit: if the teacher didn't exist), I wouldn't have been able to meet you.\n",[10,720,721],{},"Conversely, the ~たら form puts more emphasis on the result or consequence—what should or will or is desired to happen if the condition is true:",[22,723,724],{},[25,725,726,728,729],{},[14,727,670],{}," – \"if (someone) exists\" or \"if (someone) is here\"\n",[22,730,731],{},[25,732,733,736,738,740,741,743,744,746,748],{},[315,734],{"lang":317,"syntax":735},"誰[だれ] か 分[わ]かる 人[ひと] が \u003Cstrong>い[,いる]たら\u003C\u002Fstrong>{、}手[て] を 挙[あ,あげる]げて ください[,くださる]{。}",[364,737],{},[364,739],{},"\n\n\ndare ka wakaru hito ga \n",[14,742,226],{},"\n, te wo agete kudasai.\n",[364,745],{},[364,747],{},"\n\n\nIf anybody here understands, please raise your hand.\n",[41,750],{},[44,752,754],{"id":753},"potential-form-can-exist",[14,755,756],{},"Potential Form (Can Exist)",[10,758,759,760,763,764,767],{},"Want to say whether someone ",[619,761,762],{},"can"," exist somewhere or not? That’s where the ",[14,765,766],{},"potential form"," comes in:",[22,769,770],{},[25,771,772,775],{},[14,773,774],{},"いられる (irareru)"," – \"can exist\" or \"can be\"",[10,777,778,779,782],{},"You'll most commonly see this as the ",[619,780,781],{},"negative"," potential form in the grammar structure ~ずにはいられない, which means \"can't help\".",[22,784,785],{},[25,786,787,790,792,794,795,641,798,800,802],{},[315,788],{"lang":317,"syntax":789},"それでも、 言[い,いう]わず に は \u003Cstrong>い[,いる]られなかっ\u003C\u002Fstrong>た{。}",[364,791],{},[364,793],{},"\n\n\nsore demo, iwazu ni wa \n",[14,796,797],{},"irarenai",[364,799],{},[364,801],{},"\n\n\nEven so, I couldn't help but say it.\n",[41,804],{},[44,806,808],{"id":807},"imperative-form-commanding-existence",[14,809,810],{},"Imperative Form (Commanding Existence)",[10,812,813],{},"If you ever need to command someone to \"stay\" or \"be here\" (which is pretty rare, but possible):",[22,815,816,822],{},[25,817,818,821],{},[14,819,820],{},"いろ (iro)"," – plain form of \"stay!\"",[25,823,824,827],{},[14,825,826],{},"いなさい (inasai)"," – polite version of \"stay!\" (softer command)",[10,829,830,831,834],{},"As with the volitional form, there aren't a ton of situations in which you would command someone to ",[619,832,833],{},"be"," somewhere, so you might not get a lot of use out of this form. Here's one example for you:",[22,836,837],{},[25,838,839,842,844,846,847,641,850,852,854],{},[315,840],{"lang":317,"syntax":841},"事件[じけん] が 解決[かいけつ] する まで、ここ に \u003Cstrong>い[,いる] なさい[,なさる]\u003C\u002Fstrong>{。}",[364,843],{},[364,845],{},"\n\n\njiken ga kaiketsu suru made, koko ni \n",[14,848,849],{},"inasai",[364,851],{},[364,853],{},"\n\n\nPlease remain here until the matter is resolved.\n",[41,856],{},[44,858,860],{"id":859},"causative-form-makingletting-someone-stayexist",[14,861,862],{},"Causative Form (Making\u002FLetting Someone Stay\u002FExist)",[10,864,865,866,869],{},"If you need to say that you made someone stay somewhere or let them stay, you’ll use the ",[14,867,868],{},"causative form",". While \"make\" and \"let\" may seem very different to you, when you think about it, if you make or let someone do something, you are the reason they did it. To determine whether someone was happy to do something (you let them do it) or unhappy (you made them do it), you need to refer to context.",[10,871,872],{},"Here is the causative form of いる:",[22,874,875,881],{},[25,876,877,880],{},[14,878,879],{},"いさせる (isaseru)"," – \"make\u002Flet someone stay\" (plain)",[25,882,883,886],{},[14,884,885],{},"いさせます (isasemasu)"," – polite form of \"make\u002Flet someone stay\"",[10,888,889],{},"And here's an example of it being used:",[22,891,892],{},[25,893,894,897,899,901,902,904,905,907,909],{},[315,895],{"lang":317,"syntax":896},"もう しばらく は 家[いえ] の 方[ほう] に\u003Cstrong>い[,いる] させる\u003C\u002Fstrong>ことに し[,する]た{。}",[364,898],{},[364,900],{},"\n\n\nmou shibaraku wa ie no hou ni \n",[14,903,295],{},"\n koto ni shita.\n",[364,906],{},[364,908],{},"\n\n\nI've decided to make\u002Flet him stay at home a little longer.\n",[10,911,912,913,916,917,920],{},"You might understand this to be ",[619,914,915],{},"letting"," someone stay at home if they're a recent graduate that needs a bit more time to get their feed under them, or ",[619,918,919],{},"making"," them stay at home if they're unwell and wish to leave but you are insisting on them staying.",[41,922],{},[44,924,926],{"id":925},"causative-passive-form-being-made-to-stay",[14,927,928],{},"Causative-Passive Form (Being Made to Stay)",[10,930,489,931,934],{},[14,932,933],{},"causative-passive form"," communicates that someone was made to do something against their will, like the causative form, but carries a stronger nuance of being harmed\u002Fdisadvantaged because you were made to do something.",[10,936,937],{},"The causative-passive form of いる is as follows:",[22,939,940,946],{},[25,941,942,945],{},[14,943,944],{},"いさせられる (isaserareru)"," – \"to be made to stay\"",[25,947,948,951],{},[14,949,950],{},"いさせられます (isaseraremasu)"," – polite form of \"to be made to stay\"",[10,953,954],{},"And if our person from the above causative example sentence was made to stay home against their will, they might comment on the situation:",[22,956,957],{},[25,958,959,962,964,966,967,641,970,972,974,975,641],{},[315,960],{"lang":317,"syntax":961},"私[わたし] は ここ に \u003Cstrong>い[,いる] させ[,させる]られました\u003C\u002Fstrong>",[364,963],{},[364,965],{},"\n\n\nwatashi wa koko ni \n",[14,968,969],{},"isaseraremashita",[364,971],{},[364,973],{},"\n\n\nI was made to stay here \n",[619,976,977],{},"(against my will, and I feel wronged)",[41,979],{},[44,981,983],{"id":982},"special-usage-notes",[14,984,985],{},"Special Usage Notes",[10,987,988,989,991],{},"Now that we've seen several examples of ",[14,990,86],{}," being used, let's point out a few additional important details:",[993,994,996],"h4",{"id":995},"_1-living-things-only",[14,997,998],{},"1. Living Things Only!",[10,1000,1001,1002,1008],{},"In linguistics, there is a concept called ",[330,1003,1007],{"href":1004,"rel":1005},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnimacy",[1006],"nofollow","grammatical animacy",": some languages categorize words according to whether the thing referred to is seen as being alive or sentient. Japanese is one such language.",[10,1010,1011,1012,1014],{},"Use ",[14,1013,86],{}," when referring to living things, like people or animals: etc.",[22,1016,1017],{},[25,1018,1019,1022,1024,1026,1027,1029,1031],{},[315,1020],{"lang":317,"syntax":1021},"犬[いぬ] がいる。",[364,1023],{},[364,1025],{},"\n\n\ninu ga iru.\n",[364,1028],{},[364,1030],{},"\n\n\nThere is a dog.\n",[10,1033,1011,1034,1037],{},[14,1035,1036],{},"ある (aru)"," when referring to inanimate objects, like tables or cups of milk tea.",[22,1039,1040],{},[25,1041,1042,1045,1047,1049,1050,1052,1054],{},[315,1043],{"lang":317,"syntax":1044},"本[ほん] がある。",[364,1046],{},[364,1048],{},"\n\n\nhon ga aru.\n",[364,1051],{},[364,1053],{},"\n\n\nThere is a book.\n",[993,1056,1058],{"id":1057},"_2-honorific-humble-forms",[14,1059,1060],{},"2. Honorific & Humble Forms",[10,1062,1063,1064,1069,1070,1073,1074,1077],{},"Japanese makes heavy use of ",[330,1065,1068],{"href":1066,"rel":1067},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHonorific_speech_in_Japanese",[1006],"honorific language"," (called ",[315,1071],{"lang":317,"syntax":1072},"敬語[けいご]",", ",[619,1075,1076],{},"keigo","). How keigo works is beyond the scope of this blog post, but know that it involves using special forms of verbs. Some verbs even have special honorific\u002Fhumble counterparts.",[22,1079,1080,1092],{},[25,1081,1082,1085,1086,1088,1089],{},[14,1083,1084],{},"いらっしゃいます (irasshaimasu)"," – the honorific form of ",[14,1087,86],{},", used to elevate the status of the listener ",[619,1090,1091],{},"(you'll hear this when walking into stores or restaurants)",[25,1093,1094,1097,1098,1100,1101,557],{},[14,1095,1096],{},"おります (orimasu)"," – the humble form of ",[14,1099,86],{},", used to lower your own status and express humility ",[619,1102,1103],{},"(you'll mostly see this used in the workplace)",[993,1105,1107],{"id":1106},"_3-no-simple-translation","3. No Simple Translation",[10,1109,1110,1111,1113],{},"Oftentimes, there isn't a perfect 1:1 translation of a sentence (or even a word!) from one language to another. Quickly looking at our above sample sentences, ",[14,1112,86],{}," has been translated as \"be here\" \"is\" \"exists\" \"stay\" and \"remain\".",[10,1115,1116],{},"The important thing is to understand that the underlying idea translates—something is somewhere—but the particular words to express that idea may change, depending on the situation.",[41,1118],{},[44,1120,1122],{"id":1121},"common-patterns-with-いる",[14,1123,1124],{},"Common Patterns with いる",[10,1126,1127,1128,1130],{},"We've covered many verb forms, but there are two particular ways you'll see ",[14,1129,86],{}," used in everyday Japanese:",[584,1132,1134],{"id":1133},"location-expressions",[14,1135,1136],{},"Location Expressions",[10,1138,1139,1140,1142],{},"You can use ",[14,1141,86],{}," to talk about where someone (or some animate thing) is. This structure follows a simple pattern:",[10,1144,1145],{},"(person\u002Fanimate thing)は+(place)に+いる",[22,1147,1148,1163],{},[25,1149,1150,1153,1155,1157,1158,1160,1162],{},[315,1151],{"lang":317,"syntax":1152},"先生[せんせい] は ここ に いる",[364,1154],{},[364,1156],{},"\n\n\nsensei wa koko ni iru.\n",[364,1159],{},[364,1161],{},"\n\n\nThe teacher is here.\n",[25,1164,1165,1168,1170,1172,1173,1175,1177],{},[315,1166],{"lang":317,"syntax":1167},"{John}は 学校[がっこう] に いる{。}",[364,1169],{},[364,1171],{},"\n\n\nJohn wa gakkou ni iru\n",[364,1174],{},[364,1176],{},"\n\n\nJohn is at school.\n",[584,1179,1181],{"id":1180},"existence-statements",[14,1182,1183],{},"Existence Statements",[10,1185,1186,1187,1189],{},"You also use ",[14,1188,86],{}," when you would say \"there is\" or \"there are\" in English. Again, this structure follows a relatively fixed pattern:",[10,1191,1192],{},"(person\u002Fanimate thing)は+(place)にいる",[22,1194,1195,1208],{},[25,1196,1197,1200,1202,1026,1204,1206,1031],{},[315,1198],{"lang":317,"syntax":1199},"犬[いぬ] が いる{。}",[364,1201],{},[364,1203],{},[364,1205],{},[364,1207],{},[25,1209,1210,1213,1215,1217,1218,1220,1222],{},[315,1211],{"lang":317,"syntax":1212},"なんで 人[ひと] が そこ に いる[,いる]ん です か{。}",[364,1214],{},[364,1216],{},"\n\n\nnande hito ga soko ni iru n desu ka\n",[364,1219],{},[364,1221],{},"\n\n\nWhy is there a person in there?\n",[10,1224,1225],{},"Notice that the structure is flexible. You don't need to list a specific place (as in the first example), and you can also add question words (as in the second example).",[41,1227],{},[44,1229,1231],{"id":1230},"wrapping-it-all-up",[14,1232,1233],{},"Wrapping It All Up",[10,1235,1236,1238],{},[14,1237,86],{}," is truly one of the most versatile verbs you’ll encounter as you study Japanese. From talking about where people are to describing ongoing actions, it’s a verb that’s central to so many everyday conversations. Once you get the hang of its different forms and how it's used in different contexts, you'll have gotten a foundational part of Japanese under your belt.",[10,1240,1241,1242,1245],{},"If you’re looking for ways to make all these conjugations stick, we actually recommend ",[619,1243,1244],{},"not"," trying to memorize the verb endings. Japanese is a very regular language, so as you consume more Japanese content and see いる used in more situations, you'll gradually remember the structures it's used in and how it's conjugated—no memorization required.",[1247,1248,1249,1257,1260,1263,1266],"ol",{},[25,1250,1251,1252],{},"Check out ",[330,1253,1254],{"href":332},[14,1255,1256],{},"Migaku’s browser extension",[25,1258,1259],{},"Consume real Japanese content. We'll support you with tools like one-click word lookups, showing furigana above kanji (as in this article!), and the ability to automatically make flashcards out of the thing you're watching or reading.",[25,1261,1262],{},"Notice いる when it's used",[25,1264,1265],{},"???",[25,1267,1268],{},"Profit!",[10,1270,1271],{},"Happy studying!",[1273,1274],"prose-button",{"href":332,"text":1275},"Learn Japanese with Migaku",{"title":1277,"searchDepth":1278,"depth":1278,"links":1279},"",2,[1280,1281,1282,1286,1287,1288,1289,1290,1291,1292,1296],{"id":46,"depth":1278,"text":49},{"id":303,"depth":1278,"text":306},{"id":483,"depth":1278,"text":486,"children":1283},[1284],{"id":586,"depth":1285,"text":589},3,{"id":651,"depth":1278,"text":654},{"id":753,"depth":1278,"text":756},{"id":807,"depth":1278,"text":810},{"id":859,"depth":1278,"text":862},{"id":925,"depth":1278,"text":928},{"id":982,"depth":1278,"text":985},{"id":1121,"depth":1278,"text":1124,"children":1293},[1294,1295],{"id":1133,"depth":1285,"text":1136},{"id":1180,"depth":1285,"text":1183},{"id":1230,"depth":1278,"text":1233},"Japanese has two ways to say 'there are'—one for living things, and one for non-living things. Here, we'll talk about the one for living things, iru.","md",{"timestampUnix":1300,"slug":1301,"h1":1302,"image":1303,"tags":1308},1730339249857,"japanese-verb-iru","Japanese Verb Conjugation: いる (iru)",{"src":1304,"width":1305,"height":1306,"alt":1307},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fmigaku-japanese-verb-iru.webp",6474,3862,"An excited-looking man looking into a box to see what's there.",[1309,1310,1311,1312],"fundamentals","verbs","conjugation","grammar",true,"\u002Farticle\u002Fjapanese\u002Fjapanese-iru","---\ntitle: 'How to Conjugate the Japanese Verb いる (iru): Your Go-To Verb for Living Things'\ndescription: \"Japanese has two ways to say 'there are'—one for living things, and one for non-living things. Here, we'll talk about the one for living things, iru.\"\ntimestampUnix: 1730339249857\nslug: 'japanese-verb-iru'\nh1: 'Japanese Verb Conjugation: いる (iru)'\nimage:\n  src: '\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fmigaku-japanese-verb-iru.webp'\n  width: 6474\n  height: 3862\n  alt: \"An excited-looking man looking into a box to see what's there.\"\ntags:\n  - fundamentals\n  - verbs\n  - conjugation\n  - grammar\n---\n\nSo you're learning Japanese, and you're ready to tackle one of the most essential verbs in the language: **いる (iru)**! It is used to talk about the presence or existence of animate things—living things, or things like gods that are thought to be alive.\n\nDepending on the situation, you might see いる translated as:\n\n- to be\n- there are\n- to exist\n\nNow, let’s break down the conjugations and uses of this lovely little verb so you can start throwing it around like a pro! We'll get into:\n\n\u003Ctoc>\u003C\u002Ftoc>\n\n---\n\n## **Cheatsheet: いる's conjugations**\n\nOn the off-chance that you already know how いる works and just want to check on a conjugation, here's all of the conjugations of いる in one clean table:\n\n| Tense\u002FForm              | Hiragana Conjugation | Romaji Conjugation | English Translation                               |\n| ----------------------- | -------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------- |\n| Plain Present Tense     | いる                 | iru                | to exist \u002F to be (somewhere)                      |\n| Plain Past Tense        | いた                 | ita                | existed \u002F was (somewhere)                         |\n| Plain Negative          | いない               | inai               | does not exist \u002F is not (somewhere)               |\n| Plain Past Negative     | いなかった           | inakatta           | did not exist \u002F was not (somewhere)               |\n| Polite Present          | います               | imasu              | to exist \u002F to be (present)                        |\n| Polite Past             | いました             | imashita           | existed \u002F was (somewhere)                         |\n| Polite Negative         | いません             | imasen             | does not exist \u002F is not (somewhere)               |\n| Polite Past Negative    | いませんでした       | imasen deshita     | did not exist \u002F was not (somewhere)               |\n| Te-form                 | いて                 | ite                | (see section on て-form)                          |\n| Conditional (Ba-form)   | いれば               | ireba              | if (someone) is (somewhere) \u002F if (someone) exists |\n| Conditional (Tara-form) | いたら               | itara              | if (someone) is (somewhere) \u002F if (someone) exists |\n| Volitional              | いよう               | iyou               | let’s be \u002F let’s stay                             |\n| Potential               | いられる             | irareru            | can exist \u002F can be                                |\n| Imperative              | いろ                 | iro                | be! \u002F stay!                                       |\n| Negative Imperative     | いるな               | iruna              | don’t be! \u002F don’t stay!                           |\n| Causative               | いさせる             | isaseru            | make (someone) exist \u002F be                         |\n\n---\n\n## **Basic Conjugations of いる**\n\nいる is an **ichidan verb** (\u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"一段動詞[いちだんどうし]\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>), known more colloquially as a \"ru\" verb. These verbs are convenient to work with because every ichidan verb follows the same conjugation pattern: you simply remove -る from the end of the verb and replace it with something else.\n\nBelow, we offer two sets of conjugations for each tense: plain and polite. Plain verbs are used when speaking casually, in some grammatical constructions, and are what you'll see in the dictionary. Polite verbs are used when talking with strangers or in situations where it isn't appropriate to speak casually.\n\n> We've translated the various forms of いる as \"to exist\" or \"to be (somewhere)\". Don't get too hung up on this: いる can be translated in several different ways, depending on the sentence it is in. (This is something you'll need to get used to if you want to [learn Japanese](\u002Flearn-japanese). What you should notice is that every example sentence somehow refers to the presence or existence of something.\n\n**Present Tense**\n\n- **Plain form**: いる (iru) — \"exists\" or \"is (somewhere)\"\n- **Polite form**: います (imasu)\n- **Example sentence**: \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"私[わたし]はここに(いる・います)。\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n  watashi wa koko ni iru・imasu.\u003Cbr>\n  I am here.\n\n**Negative Present**\n\n- **Plain form**: いない (inai) – \"doesn't exist\" or \"isn't (somewhere)\"\n- **Polite form**: いません (imasen)\n- **Example sentence**:\n  \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"庭[にわ] に は 猫[ねこ] が い[,いる]ない{。}\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n  niwa ni wa neko ga inai・imasen.\u003Cbr>\n  There isn't a cat in the garden.\n\n**Past Tense**\n\n- **Plain form**: いた (ita) – \"was (somewhere)\" or \"existed\"\n- **Polite form**: いました (imashita)\n- **Example sentence**: \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"そこ に は{、}巨大[きょだい] な ドラゴン が (いた・いませんでした)\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n  soko ni wa, kyodaina doragon ga ita\u003Cbr>\n  There was a giant dragon there.\n\n**Negative Past**\n\n- **Plain form**: いなかった (inakatta) – \"was not (somewhere)\" or \"didn't exist\"\n- **Polite form**: いませんでした (imasen deshita)\n- **Example sentence**: \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"振り返[ふりかえ]る と{、}そこ に は 誰[だれ] も (いなかった・いませんでした){。}\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n  furikaeru to, soko ni wa dare mo inakatta\u003Cbr>\n  When I turned around, nobody was there.\n\n---\n\n## **て-Form & Progressive Actions**\n\nThe **て-form** is a special Japanese verb form used to show sequences of actions, to link events or states, and a few other things.\n\nThe most basic usage of the **て-form** is to express ongoing actions, states, or habits, similar to how we use \"-ing\" in English. To do this, conjugate a verb into the **て-form** and then tack いる onto it.\n\n- \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"犬[いぬ] が 私[わたし] の おにぎり を \u003Cstrong> 食[た,たべる]べて いる{。}\">\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n  inu ga watashi no onigiri wo **tabeteiru**\u003Cbr>\n  The dog is **eating** my rice ball.\n\n- \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"私[わたし] は 本[ほん] を \u003Cstrong>読[よ,よむ]んで いる\u003C\u002Fstrong>{。}\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n  watashi wa hon wo **yondeiru**\u003Cbr>\n  I am **reading** a book.\n\nAnother common usage of the **て-form** is to ask for permission to do something. To create this form, simply add tack もいい onto the end of a verb in the **て-form**.\n\n- ちょっとだけ、ここに**いてもいい**ですか\u003Cbr>\n  chotto dake, koko ni **itemo ii**desu ka\u003Cbr>\n  Is it OK if I stay here, for just a little while?\n\n---\n\n### **Volitional Form (Let's stay\\!)**\n\nThe volitional form is used to make suggestions or express your desire\u002Fintention to do something. It's often translated to \"let's\" or \"shall\" in English.\n\nTo put いる into the **volitional form**, you'll change it as follows:\n\n- **いよう (iyou)** – \"let's stay\" or \"let's exist\"\n- **いましょう (imashou)**\n\nThe **volitional form** is a common verb form, but given the nature of, well, _existing_, you likely won't use it often with いる.\n\nHere's one relatively natural example for you:\n\n- \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"雨[あめ] が 止[や]む まで{、}ここ に い[,いる]ましょう{。}\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n  ame ga yamu made, koko ni **imashou**.\u003Cbr>\n  Let's stay here until it stops raining.\n\n---\n\n## **Conditional Forms (If (something) exists...)**\n\nThe **conditional form** is used when you want to say \"if\" or raise a certain condition. There are actually a few different ways to make conditional statements in Japanese: the ~ば and ~たら form of verbs. They're very similar in meaning, but have a slight difference in nuance.\n\nPutting a verb into the ~ば form places emphasis on the condition:\n\n- **いれば (ireba)** – \"if (someone) exists\" or \"if (someone) is here\"\n\n  - \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"彼女[かのじょ] が\u003Cstrong>いれ[,いる]ば\u003C\u002Fstrong>負[ま]ける はず が ない{。}\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n    kanojo ga **ireba**, makeru hazu ga nai.\u003Cbr>\n    So long as she's here, there's no way we can lose.\n\n- **いなければ (inakereba)** – \"if (someone) doesn't exist\" or \"if (someone) isn't here\"\n  - \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"先生[せんせい] が \u003Cstrong>い[,いる]なければ\u003C\u002Fstrong>{、}あなた と 出会[であ]う こと は でき[,できる]なかった{。}\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n    sensei ga **inakereba**, anata to deau koto ha dekinakatta.\u003Cbr>\n    If it weren't for the teacher (lit: if the teacher didn't exist), I wouldn't have been able to meet you.\n\nConversely, the ~たら form puts more emphasis on the result or consequence—what should or will or is desired to happen if the condition is true:\n\n- **いれば (ireba)** – \"if (someone) exists\" or \"if (someone) is here\"\n  - \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"誰[だれ] か 分[わ]かる 人[ひと] が \u003Cstrong>い[,いる]たら\u003C\u002Fstrong>{、}手[て] を 挙[あ,あげる]げて ください[,くださる]{。}\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n    dare ka wakaru hito ga **itara**, te wo agete kudasai.\u003Cbr>\n    If anybody here understands, please raise your hand.\n\n---\n\n## **Potential Form (Can Exist)**\n\nWant to say whether someone _can_ exist somewhere or not? That’s where the **potential form** comes in:\n\n- **いられる (irareru)** – \"can exist\" or \"can be\"\n\nYou'll most commonly see this as the _negative_ potential form in the grammar structure ~ずにはいられない, which means \"can't help\".\n\n- \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"それでも、 言[い,いう]わず に は \u003Cstrong>い[,いる]られなかっ\u003C\u002Fstrong>た{。}\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n  sore demo, iwazu ni wa **irarenai**.\u003Cbr>\n  Even so, I couldn't help but say it.\n\n---\n\n## **Imperative Form (Commanding Existence)**\n\nIf you ever need to command someone to \"stay\" or \"be here\" (which is pretty rare, but possible):\n\n- **いろ (iro)** – plain form of \"stay\\!\"\n- **いなさい (inasai)** – polite version of \"stay\\!\" (softer command)\n\nAs with the volitional form, there aren't a ton of situations in which you would command someone to _be_ somewhere, so you might not get a lot of use out of this form. Here's one example for you:\n\n- \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"事件[じけん] が 解決[かいけつ] する まで、ここ に \u003Cstrong>い[,いる] なさい[,なさる]\u003C\u002Fstrong>{。}\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n  jiken ga kaiketsu suru made, koko ni **inasai**.\u003Cbr>\n  Please remain here until the matter is resolved.\n\n---\n\n## **Causative Form (Making\u002FLetting Someone Stay\u002FExist)**\n\nIf you need to say that you made someone stay somewhere or let them stay, you’ll use the **causative form**. While \"make\" and \"let\" may seem very different to you, when you think about it, if you make or let someone do something, you are the reason they did it. To determine whether someone was happy to do something (you let them do it) or unhappy (you made them do it), you need to refer to context.\n\nHere is the causative form of いる:\n\n- **いさせる (isaseru)** – \"make\u002Flet someone stay\" (plain)\n- **いさせます (isasemasu)** – polite form of \"make\u002Flet someone stay\"\n\nAnd here's an example of it being used:\n\n- \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"もう しばらく は 家[いえ] の 方[ほう] に\u003Cstrong>い[,いる] させる\u003C\u002Fstrong>ことに し[,する]た{。}\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n  mou shibaraku wa ie no hou ni **isaseru** koto ni shita.\u003Cbr>\n  I've decided to make\u002Flet him stay at home a little longer.\n\nYou might understand this to be _letting_ someone stay at home if they're a recent graduate that needs a bit more time to get their feed under them, or _making_ them stay at home if they're unwell and wish to leave but you are insisting on them staying.\n\n---\n\n## **Causative-Passive Form (Being Made to Stay)**\n\nThe **causative-passive form** communicates that someone was made to do something against their will, like the causative form, but carries a stronger nuance of being harmed\u002Fdisadvantaged because you were made to do something.\n\nThe causative-passive form of いる is as follows:\n\n- **いさせられる (isaserareru)** – \"to be made to stay\"\n- **いさせられます (isaseraremasu)** – polite form of \"to be made to stay\"\n\nAnd if our person from the above causative example sentence was made to stay home against their will, they might comment on the situation:\n\n- \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"私[わたし] は ここ に \u003Cstrong>い[,いる] させ[,させる]られました\u003C\u002Fstrong>\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n  watashi wa koko ni **isaseraremashita**.\u003Cbr>\n  I was made to stay here _(against my will, and I feel wronged)_.\n\n---\n\n## **Special Usage Notes**\n\nNow that we've seen several examples of **いる** being used, let's point out a few additional important details:\n\n#### **1\\. Living Things Only\\!**\n\nIn linguistics, there is a concept called [grammatical animacy](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnimacy): some languages categorize words according to whether the thing referred to is seen as being alive or sentient. Japanese is one such language.\n\nUse **いる** when referring to living things, like people or animals: etc.\n\n- \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"犬[いぬ] がいる。\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n  inu ga iru.\u003Cbr>\n  There is a dog.\n\nUse **ある (aru)** when referring to inanimate objects, like tables or cups of milk tea.\n\n- \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"本[ほん] がある。\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n  hon ga aru.\u003Cbr>\n  There is a book.\n\n#### **2\\. Honorific & Humble Forms**\n\nJapanese makes heavy use of [honorific language](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHonorific_speech_in_Japanese) (called \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"敬語[けいご]\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>, _keigo_). How keigo works is beyond the scope of this blog post, but know that it involves using special forms of verbs. Some verbs even have special honorific\u002Fhumble counterparts.\n\n- **いらっしゃいます (irasshaimasu)** – the honorific form of **いる**, used to elevate the status of the listener _(you'll hear this when walking into stores or restaurants)_\n- **おります (orimasu)** – the humble form of **いる**, used to lower your own status and express humility _(you'll mostly see this used in the workplace)_.\n\n#### 3\\. No Simple Translation\n\nOftentimes, there isn't a perfect 1:1 translation of a sentence (or even a word!) from one language to another. Quickly looking at our above sample sentences, **いる** has been translated as \"be here\" \"is\" \"exists\" \"stay\" and \"remain\".\n\nThe important thing is to understand that the underlying idea translates—something is somewhere—but the particular words to express that idea may change, depending on the situation.\n\n---\n\n## **Common Patterns with いる**\n\nWe've covered many verb forms, but there are two particular ways you'll see **いる** used in everyday Japanese:\n\n### **Location Expressions**\n\nYou can use **いる** to talk about where someone (or some animate thing) is. This structure follows a simple pattern:\n\n(person\u002Fanimate thing)は+(place)に+いる\n\n- \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"先生[せんせい] は ここ に いる\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n  sensei wa koko ni iru.\u003Cbr>\n  The teacher is here.\n\n- \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"{John}は 学校[がっこう] に いる{。}\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n  John wa gakkou ni iru\u003Cbr>\n  John is at school.\n\n### **Existence Statements**\n\nYou also use **いる** when you would say \"there is\" or \"there are\" in English. Again, this structure follows a relatively fixed pattern:\n\n(person\u002Fanimate thing)は+(place)にいる\n\n- \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"犬[いぬ] が いる{。}\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n  inu ga iru.\u003Cbr>\n  There is a dog.\n\n- \u003Ctypo lang=\"ja\" syntax=\"なんで 人[ひと] が そこ に いる[,いる]ん です か{。}\">\u003C\u002Ftypo>\u003Cbr>\n  nande hito ga soko ni iru n desu ka\u003Cbr>\n  Why is there a person in there?\n\nNotice that the structure is flexible. You don't need to list a specific place (as in the first example), and you can also add question words (as in the second example).\n\n---\n\n## **Wrapping It All Up**\n\n**いる** is truly one of the most versatile verbs you’ll encounter as you study Japanese. From talking about where people are to describing ongoing actions, it’s a verb that’s central to so many everyday conversations. Once you get the hang of its different forms and how it's used in different contexts, you'll have gotten a foundational part of Japanese under your belt.\n\nIf you’re looking for ways to make all these conjugations stick, we actually recommend _not_ trying to memorize the verb endings. Japanese is a very regular language, so as you consume more Japanese content and see いる used in more situations, you'll gradually remember the structures it's used in and how it's conjugated—no memorization required.\n\n1. Check out [**Migaku’s browser extension**](\u002Flearn-japanese)\n2. Consume real Japanese content. We'll support you with tools like one-click word lookups, showing furigana above kanji (as in this article!), and the ability to automatically make flashcards out of the thing you're watching or reading.\n3. Notice いる when it's used\n4. ???\n5. Profit!\n\nHappy studying!\n\n\u003Cprose-button href=\"\u002Flearn-japanese\" text=\"Learn Japanese with Migaku\">\u003C\u002Fprose-button>\n",{"title":5,"description":1297},"article\u002Fjapanese\u002Fjapanese-iru","wR2g6FVWEhCyJjGKtr6NfRh7m3y5_LyNbTaC_Z9C6J4","October 31, 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