[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"blog-article-local-spanish-subjunctive-guide":3,"$fHZsWYl_LcdVZ5GxKwtR-ZqvCZbbUdo2_Fi6R_GQKiQM":2235,"blog-article-cms-spanish-subjunctive-guide":2237,"article-hreflang-spanish-subjunctive-guide":2238,"blog-article-related-spanish-subjunctive-guide":3744},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2213,"extension":2214,"meta":2215,"navigation":2228,"path":2229,"rawbody":2230,"seo":2231,"stem":2232,"__hash__":2233,"timestampUnix":2216,"slug":2217,"h1":2218,"image":2219,"tags":2225,"timestamp":2234,"locale":-1},"content\u002Farticle\u002Fspanish\u002Fspanish-subjunctive.md","The Spanish Subjunctive in 3 Steps | Guide for Beginners",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2178},"minimark",[9,13,16,24,37,40,43,46,49,54,274,278,281,287,290,299,302,307,318,321,338,341,369,378,382,389,409,412,449,454,458,467,470,502,511,513,521,524,569,572,723,736,740,743,746,751,760,791,798,802,805,808,828,831,834,838,841,844,914,917,925,929,932,935,1004,1007,1021,1025,1033,1036,1039,1108,1111,1122,1127,1131,1134,1137,1206,1209,1223,1227,1230,1233,1301,1304,1318,1358,1362,1369,1372,1376,1379,1382,1402,1405,1409,1412,1415,1614,1617,1620,1625,1627,1635,1652,1658,1661,1673,1676,1679,1696,1699,1702,1705,1752,1756,1763,1766,1844,1847,1851,1854,1911,1914,1918,1921,1924,1927,1951,1954,1962,1964,1968,1975,1982,1985,1989,1996,1999,2007,2014,2017,2020,2023,2027,2033,2038,2045,2048,2052,2055,2062,2065,2071,2074,2091,2094,2107,2115,2119,2122,2127,2131,2141,2149,2152,2155,2175],[10,11,12],"p",{},"Confused by the subjunctive mood?",[10,14,15],{},"Everybody is! 💪",[10,17,18,19,23],{},"The good news is that you don't really need to ",[20,21,22],"em",{},"understand"," the subjunctive to use it correctly. There are very specific and concrete things that call for the subjunctive to be used, and they boil down to a 3-step formula:",[25,26,27,31,34],"ol",{},[28,29,30],"li",{},"Sentence begins with Subject 1 doing a WEIRDO (see below) verb in the indicative",[28,32,33],{},"That is followed by the word \"que\"",[28,35,36],{},"Sentence ends with Subject 2 and another verb, which is in the subjunctive",[10,38,39],{},"So long as that makes sense, you'll be able to use and recognize the subjunctive pretty reliably. (If it doesn't, you're in the right place!) From there, as you spend more time consuming Spanish media, you'll gradually develop a feel for what kind of nuance the subjunctive adds to a sentence.",[10,41,42],{},"For now, though, here's a crash course into the Spanish subjunctive mood:",[44,45],"toc",{},[47,48],"hr",{},[50,51,53],"h2",{"id":52},"table-the-spanish-subjunctive-mood-in-30-seconds","[Table] The Spanish subjunctive mood in 30 seconds:",[55,56,57,70],"table",{},[58,59,60],"thead",{},[61,62,63,67],"tr",{},[64,65,66],"th",{},"Section",[64,68,69],{},"Key Points \u002F Preview",[71,72,73,89,115,147,177,191,234,255],"tbody",{},[61,74,75,82],{},[76,77,78],"td",{},[79,80,81],"strong",{},"What is the Spanish subjunctive?",[76,83,84,85,88],{},"One of Spanish’s three grammatical moods (indicative, imperative, subjunctive). ",[86,87],"br",{}," Expresses hypothetical situations, wishes, emotions, and uncertainties rather than facts.",[61,90,91,96],{},[76,92,93],{},[79,94,95],{},"Indicative vs. subjunctive vs. imperative",[76,97,98,101,102,104,105,108,109,104,111,114],{},[79,99,100],{},"Indicative"," = Facts or certainty ",[86,103],{}," ",[79,106,107],{},"Imperative"," = Commands ",[86,110],{},[79,112,113],{},"Subjunctive"," = Hypotheticals, desires, emotions, doubts",[61,116,117,122],{},[76,118,119],{},[79,120,121],{},"English uses of the subjunctive",[76,123,124,125,127,128,131,132,135,136,138,139,142,143,146],{},"Phrases like: ",[86,126],{}," - “I suggest that ",[79,129,130],{},"he go",",” (as opposed to ",[79,133,134],{},"he goes",") ",[86,137],{}," - “If ",[79,140,141],{},"I were"," you,” (normally we say ",[79,144,145],{},"I was",")",[61,148,149,154],{},[76,150,151],{},[79,152,153],{},"How to form the present subjunctive",[76,155,156,157,159,160,162,163,166,167,170,171,166,174],{},"1. Take \"yo\" form of present indicative",[86,158],{},"2. Drop the \"-o\"",[86,161],{},"3. Add \"opposite\" vowel endings: ",[79,164,165],{},"-ar"," → ",[20,168,169],{},"e, es, e, emos, éis, en","; ",[79,172,173],{},"-er\u002F-ir",[20,175,176],{},"a, as, a, amos, áis, an",[61,178,179,184],{},[76,180,181],{},[79,182,183],{},"Basic subjunctive formula",[76,185,186,187,190],{},"(Subject 1 + WEIRDO verb\u002Fexpression) + ",[79,188,189],{},"que"," + (Subject 2 + subjunctive verb)",[61,192,193,198],{},[76,194,195],{},[79,196,197],{},"WEIRDO Triggers",[76,199,200,203,204,206,209,210,212,215,216,218,221,222,224,227,228,230,233],{},[79,201,202],{},"Wishes:"," querer que, esperar que, preferir que",[86,205],{},[79,207,208],{},"Emotions:"," alegrarse de que, temer que, gustar que",[86,211],{},[79,213,214],{},"Impersonal:"," es importante que, es necesario que",[86,217],{},[79,219,220],{},"Recommendations:"," recomendar que, sugerir que",[86,223],{},[79,225,226],{},"Doubt:"," dudar que, no creer que",[86,229],{},[79,231,232],{},"Ojalá:"," always triggers subjunctive",[61,235,236,241],{},[76,237,238],{},[79,239,240],{},"Example sentence structure",[76,242,243,244,247,248,250,251,254],{},"Quiero que ",[79,245,246],{},"vengas"," (I want you to come)",[86,249],{}," Es importante ",[79,252,253],{},"que estudies"," (It’s important that you study)",[61,256,257,262],{},[76,258,259],{},[79,260,261],{},"What to do if you're a beginner",[76,263,264,265,267,268,270,271,273],{},"Don't worry about understanding the subjunctive; just remember the concrete things that triggger it ",[86,266],{}," 1. Learn triggers first (WEIRDO)",[86,269],{},"2. Practice the subjunctive formula: Subject 1 + WEIRDO verb + que + Subject 2 + subjunctive verb",[86,272],{},"3. Build intuition gradually by exposure and repetition",[50,275,277],{"id":276},"what-is-the-subjunctive-in-spanish","What is the subjunctive in Spanish?",[10,279,280],{},"Before we get into the how-to, let's take a moment to clarify what the subjunctive is.",[282,283,284],"blockquote",{},[10,285,286],{},"The subjunctive is one of Spanish's three grammatical moods, alongside the indicative mood and the imperative mood.",[10,288,289],{},"This is clear as mud and raises two important questions:",[291,292,293,296],"ul",{},[28,294,295],{},"What's the difference between a \"mood\" and a \"tense\"?",[28,297,298],{},"What's the difference between those three moods?",[10,300,301],{},"So, let's get into it:",[303,304,306],"h3",{"id":305},"grammatical-tense-vs-grammatical-mood","Grammatical tense vs grammatical mood",[10,308,309,310,313,314,317],{},"Grammatical tense and grammatical mood are distinct grammatical concepts that work together to give us information about a verb, and every verb always has both. When you say ",[20,311,312],{},"yo hablo Español"," (I speak Spanish), for example, that \"hablo\" is actually in the present tense ",[20,315,316],{},"and"," the indicative mood.",[10,319,320],{},"If we try to tease the two concepts apart, we might say that:",[291,322,323,329],{},[28,324,325,328],{},[79,326,327],{},"Tense"," situates an action in time; its only job is to tell you when something occurs",[28,330,331,334,335],{},[79,332,333],{},"Mood"," gives you information about how the speaker perceives that particular verb ",[20,336,337],{},"(bear with me, we'll elaborate on this in the next section)",[10,339,340],{},"Another wrench we need to dodge has to do with an unfortunate accident of etymology:",[291,342,343,357],{},[28,344,345,346,356],{},"\"Mood\" as in \"emotion\" comes from ",[347,348,352,353],"a",{"href":349,"rel":350},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wiktionary.org\u002Fwiki\u002FReconstruction:Proto-West_Germanic\u002Fm%C5%8Dd",[351],"nofollow","Proto-Germanic's ",[20,354,355],{},"*mōdaz",", and this has nothing to do with the \"mood\" in \"grammatical mood\"",[28,358,359,360,368],{},"\"Mood\" as in \"grammatical mood\" comes from ",[347,361,364,365],{"href":362,"rel":363},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wiktionary.org\u002Fwiki\u002Fmodus#Etymology_5",[351],"Latin's ",[20,366,367],{},"modus",", which meant more like \"manner\" or \"way of doing\"",[282,370,371],{},[10,372,373,374,377],{},"As you read this article, mentally substitute \"subjunctive mood\" for \"subjunctive ",[20,375,376],{},"mode","\". The \"mood\" in grammatical mood is the noun form of the adjective \"modal\", as in \"modal verb\" (such as can, must, should, may, etc.) It has nothing to do with emotions.",[303,379,381],{"id":380},"indicative-mood-vs-imperative-mood-vs-subjunctive-mood","Indicative mood vs imperative mood vs subjunctive mood",[10,383,384,385,388],{},"Spanish verbs can come in one of three grammatical moods—or grammatical ",[20,386,387],{},"modes",". These are:",[291,390,391,397,403],{},[28,392,393,396],{},[79,394,395],{},"Indicative mood"," – used for statements of fact, descriptions, and things the speaker considers certain",[28,398,399,402],{},[79,400,401],{},"Imperative mood"," – used for commands or direct requests",[28,404,405,408],{},[79,406,407],{},"Subjunctive mood"," – used for wishes, emotions, requests, and statements of doubt: what these have in common is they all indicate that something isn't or isn't yet a concrete reality",[10,410,411],{},"Now let's look at each of those moods in action:",[291,413,414,423,432],{},[28,415,416,419,420,422],{},[79,417,418],{},"Juan va al banco."," (Juan goes to the bank) ",[86,421],{}," → The indicative is used because this statement reflects something that is a concrete, objective reality",[28,424,425,428,429,431],{},[79,426,427],{},"¡Juan, ve al banco!"," (Juan, go to the bank!) ",[86,430],{}," → The imperative is used because we are imposing our will on Juan, not simply reporting what he is doing",[28,433,434,437,438,440,441,444,445,448],{},[79,435,436],{},"Quiero que Juan vaya al banco."," (I want Juan to go to the bank) ",[86,439],{}," → The subjunctive mood is used because the fact that we ",[20,442,443],{},"want"," Juan to go to the bank means that ",[20,446,447],{},"he is not actually going there right now","—in this sentence, we aren't reporting reality as it objective is, so we can't use the subjunctive",[282,450,451],{},[10,452,453],{},"You know the difference between a statement (indicative) and command (imperative). For now, just understand that the subjunctive is one more \"mode\" or \"flavor\" that a verb can be come in.",[50,455,457],{"id":456},"how-the-subjunctive-mood-is-used-in-english","How the subjunctive mood is used in English",[10,459,460,461,466],{},"If the subjunctive has you bristling in your ",[347,462,465],{"href":463,"rel":464},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=dBTGxLc-lv0",[351],"bufanda",", you should know that we actually use it in English, too. The English subjunctive is much more limited than the Spanish subjunctive, and the subjunctive also sounds quite formal in English, but it's there.",[10,468,469],{},"Here's a few English examples of the subjunctive for you:",[291,471,472,481,490,499],{},[28,473,474,477,478],{},[79,475,476],{},"If I were you..."," → We use \"were\" instead of \"was\" because we are describing a hypothetical (= contrary to the facts) situation, not describing reality as it objectively is ",[20,479,480],{},"(I am)",[28,482,483,486,487],{},[79,484,485],{},"It's important that he be on time"," → We use \"be\" instead of \"is\" because we are communicating how we feel about someone's arrival, not describing the objective reality of them arriving ",[20,488,489],{},"(he arrives)",[28,491,492,495,496],{},[79,493,494],{},"I suggest that she go to the doctor"," → We use \"go\" instead of \"goes\" because we're offering a recommendation, not describing reality as it objectively is ",[20,497,498],{},"(he goes)",[28,500,501],{},"We have several fixed phrases like \"God bless you\" and \"Long live the King!\" which are remnants from a time when English made more robust use of the subjunctive",[282,503,504],{},[10,505,506,507,510],{},"What you should take from English's use of the subjunctive is that it's used in specific types of sentences and gives a specific nuance to a sentence. The same is true of Spanish. As such, you don't necessarily need to understand what the subjunctive ",[20,508,509],{},"is","—you just need to remember the conditions that call for it to be used.",[47,512],{},[50,514,516,520],{"id":515},"conjugation-chart-how-to-form-the-present-subjunctive-in-spanish",[517,518,519],"span",{},"Conjugation Chart"," How to form the present subjunctive in Spanish",[10,522,523],{},"Thankfully, forming the present subjunctive is pretty straightforward: if you know your present (indicative) tense constructions, you'll be able to remember the subjunctive ones easily.",[25,525,526,532,538],{},[28,527,528,531],{},[79,529,530],{},"Start with the “yo” form of the present indicative"," — hablar → hablo",[28,533,534,537],{},[79,535,536],{},"Drop the “-o” ending"," — hablo → habl",[28,539,540,543,544],{},[79,541,542],{},"Add the \"opposite\" vowel endings"," — hablo → hable\n",[291,545,546,555],{},[28,547,548,549,551,552],{},"For ",[79,550,165],{}," verbs, you add ",[79,553,554],{},"-e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en",[28,556,548,557,560,561,564,565,568],{},[79,558,559],{},"-er"," and ",[79,562,563],{},"-ir"," verbs, add ",[79,566,567],{},"-a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an",".",[10,570,571],{},"And now here's a table showing the present tense conjugations of an -ar verb, an -er verb, an -ir verb, and an irregular verb:",[55,573,574,605],{},[58,575,576],{},[61,577,578,581,587,593,599],{},[64,579,580],{},"Person",[64,582,583,586],{},[79,584,585],{},"hablar"," (to speak)",[64,588,589,592],{},[79,590,591],{},"beber"," (to drink)",[64,594,595,598],{},[79,596,597],{},"sentir"," (to feel)",[64,600,601,604],{},[79,602,603],{},"ser"," (to be)",[71,606,607,627,647,663,683,703],{},[61,608,609,615,618,621,624],{},[76,610,611,612,614],{},"yo ",[86,613],{}," (I)",[76,616,617],{},"hable",[76,619,620],{},"beba",[76,622,623],{},"sienta",[76,625,626],{},"sea",[61,628,629,635,638,641,644],{},[76,630,631,632,634],{},"tú ",[86,633],{}," (informal you)",[76,636,637],{},"hables",[76,639,640],{},"bebas",[76,642,643],{},"sientas",[76,645,646],{},"seas",[61,648,649,655,657,659,661],{},[76,650,651,652,654],{},"él\u002Fella; usted ",[86,653],{},"(he\u002Fshe; formal you)",[76,656,617],{},[76,658,620],{},[76,660,623],{},[76,662,626],{},[61,664,665,671,674,677,680],{},[76,666,667,668,670],{},"nosotros\u002Fnosotras ",[86,669],{}," (we)",[76,672,673],{},"hablemos",[76,675,676],{},"bebamos",[76,678,679],{},"sintamos†",[76,681,682],{},"seamos",[61,684,685,691,694,697,700],{},[76,686,687,688,690],{},"vosotros\u002Fvosotras ",[86,689],{}," (plural you)",[76,692,693],{},"habléis",[76,695,696],{},"bebáis",[76,698,699],{},"sintáis†",[76,701,702],{},"seáis",[61,704,705,711,714,717,720],{},[76,706,707,708,710],{},"ellos\u002Fellas; ustedes ",[86,709],{}," (they; plural formal \"you\")",[76,712,713],{},"hablen",[76,715,716],{},"beban",[76,718,719],{},"sientan",[76,721,722],{},"sean",[10,724,725,726,729,730,735],{},"† ",[20,727,728],{},"The pattern changes because _sentir"," is a ",[347,731,734],{"href":732,"rel":733},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSpanish_irregular_verbs#Stem-vowel_changes",[351],"stem-changing verb",", but that topic is beyond the scope of this article._",[50,737,739],{"id":738},"basic-spanish-subjunctive-formula","Basic Spanish Subjunctive Formula",[10,741,742],{},"Now that we know how to form the subjunctive, let's talk about when to use it. One of the most straightforward ways to spot (or construct) a subjunctive sentence in Spanish is to use a simple formula.",[10,744,745],{},"Many Spanish subjunctive sentences follow this structure:",[282,747,748],{},[10,749,750],{},"{(Subject 1) + WEIRDO verb\u002Fexpression in indicative} + que + {(Subject 2) + subjunctive verb}.",[10,752,753,754,759],{},"For example: Yo quiero que tú vengas. ",[755,756],"custom-audio",{"src":757,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Yo quiero que tú vengas..mp3","3"," (I want you to come.)",[291,761,762,768,774,779,785],{},[28,763,764,767],{},[79,765,766],{},"Subject 1"," = \"Yo\" (I)",[28,769,770,773],{},[79,771,772],{},"Triggering verb"," = \"quiero\" (I want) expresses a wish\u002Fdesire, which is a common trigger for the subjunctive, as will be discussed in the next section",[28,775,776,778],{},[79,777,189],{}," = que means \"that\" and connects the first and second halves (\"clauses\") of Spanish sentences—unlike in English, \"que\" cannot be omitted in Spanish!",[28,780,781,784],{},[79,782,783],{},"Subject 2"," = \"tú\" (you)",[28,786,787,790],{},[79,788,789],{},"Subjunctive verb"," = \"vengas\" (subjunctive form of venir, to come)",[10,792,793,794,797],{},"Note that Spanish often drops subject pronouns (yo + tú here), so you'll often actually see something like ",[20,795,796],{},"quiero que vengas",". What's important isn't the presence of the subject pronouns, but the fact that different people are doing each of the sentence's verbs.",[50,799,801],{"id":800},"weirdo-the-6-basic-subjunctive-triggers","WEIRDO: The 6 basic subjunctive triggers",[10,803,804],{},"As mentioned above, while the subjunctive is a nebulous concept that may be difficult to wrap your mind around, its usage is actually very straightforward: WEIRDO verb + que + any other verb being done by someone else.",[10,806,807],{},"WEIRDO is an acronym which refers to six different categories of verb:",[291,809,810,813,816,819,822,825],{},[28,811,812],{},"W – Wishes and desires (wanting someone to do something)",[28,814,815],{},"E – Emotions (being happy, sad, surprised, afraid, etc. about something)",[28,817,818],{},"I – Impersonal expressions (general statements like \"It's good that..., It's important that...\")",[28,820,821],{},"R – Recommendations and requests (suggesting, advising, begging someone to do something)",[28,823,824],{},"D – Doubt, denial, and uncertainty (doubting that something is true, denying something)",[28,826,827],{},"O – Ojalá and other expressions of hope (hopefully, I hope that, etc.)",[10,829,830],{},"If you spot one of these words or phrases in the beginning of a Spanish sentence, your subjunctive radar should go off. It's not guaranteed—you still need the word \"que\" and for it to be followed up with someone else doing a different verb—but it's a major first condition that's been met.",[10,832,833],{},"Now let's look at each of the WEIRDO subjunctive triggers in a bit more detail. I'll bold the verbs that are in the subjunctive so they're easier to pick out.",[303,835,837],{"id":836},"wish-triggers-for-the-subjunctive","Wish\" triggers for the subjunctive",[10,839,840],{},"These are verbs that express a wish, desire, hope, or need for something to happen. If someone wants something to occur (or not occur), you'll use subjunctive for that second action.",[10,842,843],{},"Common wish triggers include:",[55,845,846,859],{},[58,847,848],{},[61,849,850,853,856],{},[64,851,852],{},"Trigger Phrase (Wishes)",[64,854,855],{},"Example Spanish Sentence",[64,857,858],{},"English Translation",[71,860,861,879,897],{},[61,862,863,866,876],{},[76,864,865],{},"querer que (to want that)",[76,867,868,869,872,873],{},"Ella quiere que su hijo ",[79,870,871],{},"aprenda"," español. ",[755,874],{"src":875,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Ella quiere que su hijo aprenda español..mp3",[76,877,878],{},"She wants her son to learn Spanish.",[61,880,881,884,894],{},[76,882,883],{},"esperar que (to hope that)",[76,885,886,887,890,891],{},"Espero que ",[79,888,889],{},"tengas"," un buen día. ",[755,892],{"src":893,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Espero que tengas un buen día..mp3",[76,895,896],{},"I hope (that) you have a good day.",[61,898,899,902,911],{},[76,900,901],{},"necesitar que (to need)",[76,903,904,905,907,908],{},"Necesitamos que tú ",[79,906,246],{}," temprano. ",[755,909],{"src":910,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Necesitamos que tú vengas temprano..mp3",[76,912,913],{},"We need you to come early.",[10,915,916],{},"And here's a few bonus triggers:",[291,918,919,922],{},[28,920,921],{},"desear que (to wish\u002Fdesire that...)",[28,923,924],{},"preferir que (to prefer that...)",[303,926,928],{"id":927},"emotion-triggers-for-the-subjunctive","\"Emotion\" triggers for the subjunctive",[10,930,931],{},"When the sentence is expressing emotion about something, you’ll often use the subjunctive. It could be happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, anger, or any other feeling in regards to something else happening.",[10,933,934],{},"Common emotion triggers include:",[55,936,937,948],{},[58,938,939],{},[61,940,941,944,946],{},[64,942,943],{},"Trigger Phrase (Emotions)",[64,945,855],{},[64,947,858],{},[71,949,950,968,986],{},[61,951,952,955,965],{},[76,953,954],{},"alegrarse de que (to be happy that...)",[76,956,957,958,961,962],{},"Me alegro de que ",[79,959,960],{},"estés"," aquí. ",[755,963],{"src":964,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Me alegro de que estés aquí..mp3",[76,966,967],{},"I'm happy that you are here.",[61,969,970,973,983],{},[76,971,972],{},"temer que (to fear that...)",[76,974,975,976,979,980],{},"Ella teme que su novio la ",[79,977,978],{},"deje",". ",[755,981],{"src":982,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Ella teme que su novio la deje..mp3",[76,984,985],{},"She fears that her boyfriend will leave her.",[61,987,988,991,1001],{},[76,989,990],{},"es una lástima que (it's a shame that...)",[76,992,993,994,997,998],{},"Es una lástima que no ",[79,995,996],{},"puedas"," venir. ",[755,999],{"src":1000,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Es una lástima que no puedas venir..mp3",[76,1002,1003],{},"It's a shame that you can't come.",[10,1005,1006],{},"And a few bonus triggers:",[291,1008,1009,1012,1015,1018],{},[28,1010,1011],{},"gustar que (to like\u002Fbe pleased that...)",[28,1013,1014],{},"encantar que (to love\u002Fbe delighted that...)",[28,1016,1017],{},"sentir que\u002Flamentar que (to be sorry\u002Fregret that...)",[28,1019,1020],{},"sorprender(se) que(to be surprised that...)",[303,1022,1024],{"id":1023},"impersonal-expression-triggers-for-the-subjunctive","\"Impersonal expression\" triggers for the subjunctive",[10,1026,1027,1028,1032],{},"Impersonal expressions are phrases like \"It is (adjective) that...\", and they're called impersonal because the subject has been changed to \"it\". In other words, instead of saying \"",[1029,1030,1031],"u",{},"I"," think it's (adjective) that...\", you're removing the \"person\" from the statement entirely.",[10,1034,1035],{},"These expressions come in the format \"Es (adjective) que\" and state an opinion, value judgment, or broad observation about what should or might be.",[10,1037,1038],{},"Common impersonal expression triggers include:",[55,1040,1041,1052],{},[58,1042,1043],{},[61,1044,1045,1048,1050],{},[64,1046,1047],{},"Impersonal Expression",[64,1049,855],{},[64,1051,858],{},[71,1053,1054,1072,1090],{},[61,1055,1056,1059,1069],{},[76,1057,1058],{},"es importante que",[76,1060,1061,1062,1065,1066],{},"Es importante que ",[79,1063,1064],{},"estudiemos"," cada día. ",[755,1067],{"src":1068,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Es importante que estudiemos cada día..mp3",[76,1070,1071],{},"It's important that we study each day.",[61,1073,1074,1077,1087],{},[76,1075,1076],{},"es bueno que",[76,1078,1079,1080,1083,1084],{},"Es bueno que ",[79,1081,1082],{},"practiques"," español con nativos. ",[755,1085],{"src":1086,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Es bueno que practiques español con nativos..mp3",[76,1088,1089],{},"It's good that you practice Spanish with natives.",[61,1091,1092,1095,1105],{},[76,1093,1094],{},"es posible que",[76,1096,1097,1098,1101,1102],{},"Es posible que ",[79,1099,1100],{},"llueva"," mañana. ",[755,1103],{"src":1104,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Es posible que llueva mañana..mp3",[76,1106,1107],{},"It's possible that it will rain tomorrow.",[10,1109,1110],{},"And a few bonus triggers for you:",[291,1112,1113,1116,1119],{},[28,1114,1115],{},"es necesario que (it’s necessary that…)",[28,1117,1118],{},"es mejor que (it’s better that…)",[28,1120,1121],{},"es malo que (it’s bad that…)",[10,1123,1124],{},[20,1125,1126],{},"Note: If you're reading closely, you might notice that the \"es una lástima que...\" example from the previous session looks an awful lot like an impersonal expression... and you'd be right! There's some overlap. WEIRDO is just a convenient way to remember what sort of things will probably cause the subjunctive to be used in Spanish. It's not super important whether a phrase belongs to one category or another.",[303,1128,1130],{"id":1129},"recommendationrequest-triggers-for-the-subjunctive","\"Recommendation\u002Frequest\" triggers for the subjunctive",[10,1132,1133],{},"This category covers telling, asking, or advising someone to do something. Generally speaking, this category encapsulates any verb that involves you exerting influence over someone else’s actions—whether gently (suggesting) or forcefully (demanding).",[10,1135,1136],{},"Common recommendation\u002Frequest triggers include:",[55,1138,1139,1150],{},[58,1140,1141],{},[61,1142,1143,1146,1148],{},[64,1144,1145],{},"Trigger (Recommendation)",[64,1147,855],{},[64,1149,858],{},[71,1151,1152,1170,1188],{},[61,1153,1154,1157,1167],{},[76,1155,1156],{},"recomendar que",[76,1158,1159,1160,1163,1164],{},"Te recomiendo que ",[79,1161,1162],{},"hagas"," ejercicio. ",[755,1165],{"src":1166,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Te recomiendo que hagas ejercicio..mp3",[76,1168,1169],{},"I recommend that you do work out (exercise).",[61,1171,1172,1175,1185],{},[76,1173,1174],{},"pedir que",[76,1176,1177,1178,1181,1182],{},"Nos pidió que ",[79,1179,1180],{},"guardáramos"," silencio. ",[755,1183],{"src":1184,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Nos pidió que guardáramos silencio..mp3",[76,1186,1187],{},"He asked us to keep quiet.",[61,1189,1190,1193,1203],{},[76,1191,1192],{},"sugerir que",[76,1194,1195,1196,1199,1200],{},"Sugiero que no ",[79,1197,1198],{},"digas"," nada. ",[755,1201],{"src":1202,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Sugiero que no digas nada..mp3",[76,1204,1205],{},"I suggest that you don't say anything.",[10,1207,1208],{},"And a few more for you:",[291,1210,1211,1214,1217,1220],{},[28,1212,1213],{},"mandar que (to order that...)",[28,1215,1216],{},"aconsejar que (to advise that...)",[28,1218,1219],{},"insistir en que (to insist that...)",[28,1221,1222],{},"exigir que (to demand that...)",[303,1224,1226],{"id":1225},"doubtdenial-triggers-for-the-subjunctive","\"Doubt\u002Fdenial\" triggers for the subjunctive",[10,1228,1229],{},"If the main verb expresses doubt, uncertainty, or the assertion that you don't think\u002Fbelieve something, you'll use the subjunctive to bring up the thing you're doubting.",[10,1231,1232],{},"Common doubt\u002Fdenial triggers include:",[55,1234,1235,1246],{},[58,1236,1237],{},[61,1238,1239,1242,1244],{},[64,1240,1241],{},"Trigger (Doubt\u002FDenial)",[64,1243,855],{},[64,1245,858],{},[71,1247,1248,1265,1283],{},[61,1249,1250,1253,1262],{},[76,1251,1252],{},"dudar que",[76,1254,1255,1256,1258,1259],{},"Dudo que ",[79,1257,626],{}," verdad. ",[755,1260],{"src":1261,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Dudo que sea verdad..mp3",[76,1263,1264],{},"I doubt that it is true.",[61,1266,1267,1270,1280],{},[76,1268,1269],{},"no creer que",[76,1271,1272,1273,1276,1277],{},"No creo que ",[79,1274,1275],{},"tengamos"," suficiente dinero. ",[755,1278],{"src":1279,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-No creo que tengamos suficiente dinero..mp3",[76,1281,1282],{},"I don't believe that we have enough money.",[61,1284,1285,1288,1298],{},[76,1286,1287],{},"negar que",[76,1289,1290,1291,1294,1295],{},"Él niega que ",[79,1292,1293],{},"haya"," un problema. ",[755,1296],{"src":1297,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Él niega que haya un problema..mp3",[76,1299,1300],{},"He denies that there is a problem.",[10,1302,1303],{},"And a few more for the list:",[291,1305,1306,1309,1312,1315],{},[28,1307,1308],{},"no pensar que (to not think that...)",[28,1310,1311],{},"no estar seguro\u002Fa de que (to not be sure that...)",[28,1313,1314],{},"no es posible \u002F es imposible que (it's not possible that...)",[28,1316,1317],{},"no es probable que ( it's not likely that...)",[1319,1320,1322,1325,1328,1352,1355],"accordion",{"heading":1321},"👀 Advanced notes",[10,1323,1324],{},"Unfortunately, this isn't completely foolproof. As you spend more time with Spanish, you'll see some subjunctive structures that break our \"3-part formula\" rule. You'll learn those naturally, though, so don't worry too much about them right now.",[10,1326,1327],{},"Perhaps more confusing is that you'll have to take some things about the subjunctive on a case-by-case basis:",[291,1329,1330,1333,1340],{},[28,1331,1332],{},"\"No creo que\" calls for the subjunctive... but \"creo que\" calls for the indicative, even though it might seem like saying \"I think that\" is less certain than \"I know that\"",[28,1334,1335,1336,1339],{},"... ",[20,1337,1338],{},"but",", while \"creo que\" takes the indicative, the very-similar-sounding \"es posible que\" and \"es probable que\" take the subjunctive!",[28,1341,1342,1343,1346,1347],{},"Additionally, and we'll discuss this more down below, there are a number of words that get used with ",[20,1344,1345],{},"both"," the subjunctive and indicative mood, depending on the nuance you want to convey, ",[347,1348,1351],{"href":1349,"rel":1350},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.reddit.com\u002Fr\u002FSpanish\u002Fcomments\u002Fy8ruv6\u002Fshould_tal_vez_trigger_the_subjunctive\u002F",[351],"such as tal vez\u002Fquizas (maybe)",[10,1353,1354],{},"Again, I wouldn't worry about understanding all of these nuances right now, either. So long as you spend time interacting with Spanish—consuming media that you can understand at least some of—you'll gradually build an intuitive feel for the nuance behind different sentence structures.",[10,1356,1357],{},"For now, just make a mental note to pay attention to these things as you spend time in Spanish. The rest will be handled by time and exposure 💪",[303,1359,1361],{"id":1360},"the-ojalá-subjunctive-trigger","The \"ojalá\" subjunctive trigger",[10,1363,1364,1365,1368],{},"Ojalá is a special and very common Spanish word that means \"hopefully\" or \"I hope\". It comes from an Arabic phrase meaning \"God willing,\" and it ",[20,1366,1367],{},"always"," triggers the subjunctive. Breaking the rule we previously laid out, you can also use ojalá without following up with \"que\".",[10,1370,1371],{},"Furthermore, I have it on good authority that if you take 4 minutes and 7 seconds to listen to the following song, you'll never forget how to use ojalá:",[1373,1374],"custom-iframe",{"src":1375},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FsuQC8d-YkeU?si=2-cxBNg1SC5zXvL3",[10,1377,1378],{},"The song expresses hope for a better life for people from poor and rural communities across Latin America, starting with the hope that it will rain coffee. It's an upbeat song and says \"ojalá que...\" about a million times, so if you listen to it periodically, you'll drill this structure hopefully into your memory.",[10,1380,1381],{},"More commonly, you'll hear things like:",[291,1383,1384,1393],{},[28,1385,1386,1387,890,1389,1392],{},"(Ojalá que) ",[79,1388,889],{},[755,1390],{"src":1391,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Ojalá que tengas un buen día.mp3"," (I hope you have a good day)",[28,1394,1386,1395,1397,1398,1401],{},[79,1396,1275],{}," suerte. ",[755,1399],{"src":1400,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Ojalá que tengamos suerte.mp3"," (I hope we have good luck \u002F good luck to us)",[10,1403,1404],{},"And you'll often even hear \"ojalá que\" omitted entirely from both of these expressions!",[50,1406,1408],{"id":1407},"common-phrases-that-use-the-subjunctive","Common Phrases That Use the Subjunctive",[10,1410,1411],{},"Apart from the WEIRDO triggers, Spanish also has many set phrases and conjunctions that are commonly used with the subjunctive. If you look throuhg the example sentences below, you'll notice that they have something in common: they tend to introduce a condition or hypothetical situation in which one thing happening is contingent on another thing happening.",[10,1413,1414],{},"This should make sense: the other thing hasn't happened, and there's a chance it won't happen—when we make these sort of sentences, we aren't describing reality as it objectively is. As such, we use the subjunctive.",[55,1416,1417,1432],{},[58,1418,1419],{},[61,1420,1421,1424,1426,1429],{},[64,1422,1423],{},"Spanish Phrase",[64,1425,858],{},[64,1427,1428],{},"Example Sentence in Spanish",[64,1430,1431],{},"English Sentence",[71,1433,1434,1454,1474,1494,1514,1535,1556,1577,1597],{},[61,1435,1436,1439,1442,1451],{},[76,1437,1438],{},"para que",[76,1440,1441],{},"so that, in order that",[76,1443,1444,1445,979,1448],{},"Habla despacio para que te ",[79,1446,1447],{},"entiendan",[755,1449],{"src":1450,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Habla despacio para que te entiendan..mp3",[76,1452,1453],{},"Speak slowly so that they understand you.",[61,1455,1456,1459,1462,1471],{},[76,1457,1458],{},"a menos que",[76,1460,1461],{},"unless",[76,1463,1464,1465,979,1468],{},"No voy a menos que me ",[79,1466,1467],{},"invites",[755,1469],{"src":1470,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-No voy a menos que me invites..mp3",[76,1472,1473],{},"I'm not going unless you invite me.",[61,1475,1476,1479,1482,1491],{},[76,1477,1478],{},"con tal (de) que",[76,1480,1481],{},"provided that, as long as",[76,1483,1484,1485,979,1488],{},"Te ayudaré con tal de que me ",[79,1486,1487],{},"escuches",[755,1489],{"src":1490,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Te ayudaré con tal de que me escuches..mp3",[76,1492,1493],{},"I'll help you as long as you listen to me.",[61,1495,1496,1499,1502,1511],{},[76,1497,1498],{},"en caso de que",[76,1500,1501],{},"in case",[76,1503,1504,1505,979,1508],{},"Lleva dinero en caso de que lo ",[79,1506,1507],{},"necesites",[755,1509],{"src":1510,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Lleva dinero en caso de que lo necesites..mp3",[76,1512,1513],{},"Take money in case you need it.",[61,1515,1516,1519,1522,1532],{},[76,1517,1518],{},"antes de que",[76,1520,1521],{},"before (something happens)",[76,1523,1524,1525,1528,1529],{},"Por favor, lleguen antes de que ",[79,1526,1527],{},"empiece"," la reunión. ",[755,1530],{"src":1531,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Por favor, lleguen antes de que empiece la reunión..mp3",[76,1533,1534],{},"Please, arrive before the meeting starts.",[61,1536,1537,1540,1543,1553],{},[76,1538,1539],{},"sin que",[76,1541,1542],{},"without (someone doing...)",[76,1544,1545,1546,1549,1550],{},"Salieron sin que nadie se †",[79,1547,1548],{},"diera"," cuenta. ",[755,1551],{"src":1552,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Salieron sin que nadie se diera cuenta..mp3",[76,1554,1555],{},"They left without anyone noticing.",[61,1557,1558,1561,1564,1574],{},[76,1559,1560],{},"siempre y cuando",[76,1562,1563],{},"as long as, provided that",[76,1565,1566,1567,1570,1571],{},"Iré contigo siempre y cuando ",[79,1568,1569],{},"termines"," pronto. ",[755,1572],{"src":1573,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Iré contigo siempre y cuando termines pronto..mp3",[76,1575,1576],{},"I'll go with you as long as you finish quickly.",[61,1578,1579,1582,1585,1594],{},[76,1580,1581],{},"aunque sea",[76,1583,1584],{},"even if \u002F even though",[76,1586,1587,1588,1590,1591],{},"Aunque ",[79,1589,626],{}," difícil, voy a intentarlo. ",[755,1592],{"src":1593,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Aunque sea difícil, voy a intentarlo..mp3",[76,1595,1596],{},"Even if it's difficult, I'm going to try.",[61,1598,1599,1601,1603,1611],{},[76,1600,1498],{},[76,1602,1501],{},[76,1604,1605,1606,979,1608],{},"Llévate paraguas en caso de que ",[79,1607,1100],{},[755,1609],{"src":1610,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Llévate paraguas en caso de que llueva..mp3",[76,1612,1613],{},"Take an umbrella in case it rains.",[10,1615,1616],{},"Again, while these are good things to know, don't stress!",[10,1618,1619],{},"As you consume more Spanish media and hear these phrases being used in the wild, you'll eventually develop an intuitive feel for how they work—it'll eventually feel strange to use these phrases with the indicative because you always hear them in the subjunctive.",[10,1621,725,1622],{},[20,1623,1624],{},"This is actually the imperfect subjunctive form of dar (to give). Just a heads up that the subjunctive gets used with more tenses than just the present tense!",[47,1626],{},[50,1628,1630,1631,1634],{"id":1629},"comparison-structures-that-can-take-the-indicative-mood-or-the-subjunctive-mood","Comparison: Structures that can take the indicative mood ",[20,1632,1633],{},"or"," the subjunctive mood",[282,1636,1637,1642,1644,1645],{},[1638,1639,1641],"centered-text",{"bold":1640,"underline":1640},"","\nForewarning\n",[86,1643],{},"\n \n",[1638,1646,1647,1648,1651],{},"\nI\"m about to throw a wrench at you. If you're already feeling a bit overwhelmed, \n",[79,1649,1650],{},"feel free to skip this section","\n. I'm including it for the sake of being thorough, but it's perfectly fine to ignore it for now and come back to it (much) later. \n",[10,1653,1654,1655,1657],{},"There are several times when it can be correct to use either the indicative ",[20,1656,1633],{}," subjunctive mood in Spanish, but your nuance will change slightly depending on which one you choose",[10,1659,1660],{},"We'll get into some specific examples below, but generally speaking:",[291,1662,1663,1666],{},[28,1664,1665],{},"The indicative mood is used to say that something is happening or actually has happened",[28,1667,1668,1669,1672],{},"The subjunctive mood is used to introduce a hypothetical situation or say that something ",[20,1670,1671],{},"might"," happen in the future",[10,1674,1675],{},"So the indicative is “real”, and the subjunctive exists in contrast to reality.",[10,1677,1678],{},"To set the stage, here's a classic example for you to chew on:",[291,1680,1681,1689],{},[28,1682,1683,1685,1686,568],{},[79,1684,100],{}," → A los amigos de Julia les gusta que ella se ",[79,1687,1688],{},"ríe",[28,1690,1691,1685,1693,568],{},[79,1692,113],{},[79,1694,1695],{},"ría",[10,1697,1698],{},"Both of these sentences essentially mean \"Julia's friends like it when she laughs,\" but they're not quite the same.",[10,1700,1701],{},"How do they differ?",[10,1703,1704],{},"Take a moment to think about what you've learned about the subjunctive so far, and when you're ready, click the big \"+\" button below to check your answer.",[1319,1706,1708,1711,1714,1717],{"heading":1707},"\"Que se ríe\" vs \"que se sía",[10,1709,1710],{},"Alright! You clicked the button. Good on you, for taking a moment to think about this 💪",[10,1712,1713],{},"Remember, the essential difference here is that the indicative describes reality as it objectively is (or as the speaker genuinely believes it to be), whereas the subjunctive more describes reality as it could, might, or should be.",[10,1715,1716],{},"With this in mind:",[291,1718,1719,1728],{},[28,1720,1721,1685,1723,979,1725,1727],{},[79,1722,100],{},[79,1724,1688],{},[86,1726],{}," → This describes reality as it is—Julia is the sort of person who laughs a lot, and her friends like the fact Julia is this sort of person. Or: Julia laughs a lot, and her friends like that.",[28,1729,1730,1685,1732,979,1734,1736,1737,1740,1741,1743,1744,1747,1748,1751],{},[79,1731,113],{},[79,1733,1695],{},[86,1735],{}," → This describes what ",[20,1738,1739],{},"could"," or ",[20,1742,1671],{}," be—it'd more more accurate to say that Julia's friends like it ",[20,1745,1746],{},"when"," she laughs. It could be as simple as that, or it could be something deeper—Julia is not the sort of person that laughs often, and for precisely that reason, her friends like it on those rare occasions when she ",[20,1749,1750],{},"does"," laugh.",[303,1753,1755],{"id":1754},"_1-cuando-indicative-or-subjunctive","1. Cuando + indicative or subjunctive",[10,1757,1758,1759,1762],{},"I've put a lot of thought into this article, but ",[20,1760,1761],{},"cuando"," is the first word that's going to make you think I'm a liar. You'll often see it used with both the subjunctive and with the indicative.",[10,1764,1765],{},"As with the example with Julia above, there's a specific nuance behind the choice to use either grammatical mood.",[291,1767,1768,1817],{},[28,1769,1770,1773],{},[79,1771,1772],{},"Cuando + indicative",[291,1774,1775,1797],{},[28,1776,1777,1780,1781,104,1783,1786,1787,1790,1791,104,1793,1796],{},[79,1778,1779],{},"Nuance 1",": Used with past tense (to describe something that actually happened) ",[86,1782],{},[1029,1784,1785],{},"Example",": Cuando llegó, lo saludamos. ",[755,1788],{"src":1789,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Cuando llegó, lo saludamos..mp3"," (We greeted him when we arrived.) ",[86,1792],{},[1029,1794,1795],{},"Explanation",": It's objectively true that we arrived, and then that we greeted him. There's no uncertainty here, so the indicative is used.",[28,1798,1799,1802,1803,104,1805,1807,1808,1811,1812,104,1814,1816],{},[79,1800,1801],{},"Nuance 2",": Used with the present tense to describe habits (to describe things you have reason to believe will definitely occur) ",[86,1804],{},[1029,1806,1785],{},": Siempre me llama cuando llego a casa. ",[755,1809],{"src":1810,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Siempre me llama cuando llego a casa..mp3"," (He always calls me when I arrive home.) ",[86,1813],{},[1029,1815,1795],{},": This happens regularly, so we are reasonably certain that it will continue happening.",[28,1818,1819,1822],{},[79,1820,1821],{},"Cuando + subjunctive",[291,1823,1824],{},[28,1825,1826,1829,1830,104,1832,1834,1835,1838,1839,104,1841,1843],{},[79,1827,1828],{},"Nuance",": Used with the future tense (as the subjunctive action may fail to occur) ",[86,1831],{},[1029,1833,1785],{},": Te llamaré cuando llegue a casa. ",[755,1836],{"src":1837,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Te llamaré cuando llegue a casa..mp3"," (I will call you when I arrive home.) ",[86,1840],{},[1029,1842,1795],{},": Since this event is occurring in the future, we can't be 100% certain that it will actually happen. We might not ever arrive!",[10,1845,1846],{},"You'll notice similar logic with other time phrases such as hasta que (until), después de que (after), tan pronto como (as soon as), and so forth.",[303,1848,1850],{"id":1849},"_2-aunque-althougheven-if","2. Aunque (Although\u002FEven if)",[10,1852,1853],{},"The word aunque has a different nuance depending on whether it's used with the indicative or subjunctive—but, thankfully, the difference is pretty concrete.",[291,1855,1856,1885],{},[28,1857,1858,1861],{},[79,1859,1860],{},"Aunque + indicative",[291,1862,1863],{},[28,1864,1865,1867,1868,104,1870,1872,1873,1876,1877,104,1879,1881,1882,1884],{},[79,1866,1828],{},": Used to mean \"despite the fact that\" (a certain reality is the case) or \"even though\" (acknowledging X fact, but doing something anyway)",[86,1869],{},[1029,1871,1785],{},": Aunque es caro, lo voy a comprar. ",[755,1874],{"src":1875,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Aunque es caro, lo voy a comprar..mp3"," (Although it’s expensive, I’m going to buy it.) ",[86,1878],{},[1029,1880,1795],{},": Perhaps you're in the store, and you can see that it ",[20,1883,509],{}," expensive, but you're resolved to buy it anyway.",[28,1886,1887,1890],{},[79,1888,1889],{},"Aunque + subjunctive",[291,1891,1892],{},[28,1893,1894,1896,1897,104,1899,1901,1902,1905,1906,104,1908,1910],{},[79,1895,1828],{},": Used to mean \"even if\" (you don't know if X will happen, but you're going to do something, despite that possibility)",[86,1898],{},[1029,1900,1785],{},": Aunque sea caro, lo voy a comprar. ",[755,1903],{"src":1904,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Aunque sea caro, lo voy a comprar..mp3"," (Even if it’s expensive, I’m going to buy it.)",[86,1907],{},[1029,1909,1795],{},": You aren't sure if it's expensive or not, but you've resolved to buy it, no matter what the cost ends up being.",[10,1912,1913],{},"With the indicative structure, there's no doubt: it's certain that the thing is expensive. With the subjunctive structure, things aren't as fixed: the possibility exists that the thing may be expensive, but you aren't certain yet.",[303,1915,1917],{"id":1916},"_3-existential-statements-and-questions","3. Existential statements and questions",[10,1919,1920],{},"There are a handful of other phrases that can be used with either the subjunctive or indicative, but so long as you understand how the logic works, you'll gradually piece them together.",[10,1922,1923],{},"For now, I want to close with an example that's slightly different.",[10,1925,1926],{},"Consider these two sentences:",[291,1928,1929,1940],{},[28,1930,1931,1932,1935,1936,1939],{},"¿Hay alguien aquí que ",[79,1933,1934],{},"pueda"," ayudarnos? ",[755,1937],{"src":1938,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-¿Hay alguien aquí que pueda ayudarnos_.mp3"," (Is there someone here who can help us?)",[28,1941,1942,1943,1946,1947,1950],{},"Sí, hay alguien aquí que ",[79,1944,1945],{},"puede"," ayudar. ",[755,1948],{"src":1949,":type":758},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Sí, hay alguien aquí que puede ayudar. .mp3"," (“Yes, there is someone here who can help.)",[10,1952,1953],{},"If you've been following along so far, this should hopefully make sense!",[291,1955,1956,1959],{},[28,1957,1958],{},"In the first sentence, the subjunctive is used because you don't know if this person exists or not. (That's why you're asking a question!)",[28,1960,1961],{},"In the second, the indicative is used because the speaker is confirming that such a person exists. (The speaker knows that there is such a person, so he states that there is.)",[47,1963],{},[50,1965,1967],{"id":1966},"a-frustration-free-approach-to-learning-the-subjunctive","A Frustration-free approach to learning the subjunctive",[10,1969,1970,1971,1974],{},"It isn't just you: this is a lot. It's complex stuff, and it's a lot to wrap your head around if you aren't a grammar nerd. (Hell, even if you ",[20,1972,1973],{},"are"," a grammar nerd, it's kind of confusing.)",[10,1976,1977,1978,1981],{},"The good news is that this isn't math. You don't ",[20,1979,1980],{},"need"," to understand all these fancy linguistic words. You just need to notice the patterns.",[10,1983,1984],{},"Here's what you're going to do:",[303,1986,1988],{"id":1987},"above-all-else-spend-a-lot-of-time-interacting-with-spanish","Above all else, spend a lot of time interacting with Spanish",[10,1990,1991,1992,1995],{},"The subjunctive is confusing primarily because you haven't encountered much of it yet. You're experiencing some mental panic because Spanish verb conjugations are already tricky enough to remember... and now you need to remember ",[20,1993,1994],{},"another"," set of verb conjugations that, really, it seems like you've gone your entire life just fine in English without ever needing.",[10,1997,1998],{},"That's natural.",[10,2000,2001,2002,2006],{},"... but if you follow a few podcasts, read a few books, watch a few telenovelas—we've actually got ",[347,2003,2005],{"href":2004},"\u002Fblog\u002Fspanish\u002Fbest-spanish-shows-guide","a guide to learning Spanish by watching TV","—and generally interact with Spanish, something important will change.",[282,2008,2009],{},[10,2010,2011],{},[79,2012,2013],{},"The subjunctive won't seem so mysterious anymore.",[10,2015,2016],{},"You'll have hundreds of little sentences floating around in your head where the subjunctive is being used.",[10,2018,2019],{},"You'll notice patterns.",[10,2021,2022],{},"Things will click.",[303,2024,2026],{"id":2025},"use-a-tool-like-migaku-to-get-explanations-of-why-the-subjunctive-is-used-in-a-particular-sentence","Use a tool like Migaku to get explanations of why the subjunctive is used in a particular sentence",[10,2028,2029,2030,2032],{},"So, say you're watching something on YouTube, as you do, and you suddenly get smacked with the word ",[20,2031,626],{},". You recognize that this is the present subjunctive form of \"es\" (or maybe you don't, no worries!)—but you don't quite get why it's being used here.",[10,2034,2035],{},[20,2036,2037],{},"Just click on it.",[2039,2040],"img",{"src":2041,"width":2042,"height":2043,"alt":2044},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fmigaku-spanish-subjunctive-ai.jpeg",2880,1800,"A Spanish woman using the subjunctive form of the verb 'poder' in an interview",[10,2046,2047],{},"Migaku will analyze the sentence it appears in to give you an in-context explanation of what it means.",[303,2049,2051],{"id":2050},"make-flashcards-out-of-the-useful-subjunctive-expressions-you-encounter","Make flashcards out of the useful subjunctive expressions you encounter",[10,2053,2054],{},"You stumbled into an example of the subjunctive in the wild... but that's just the beginning!",[10,2056,2057,2058,2061],{},"This particular sentence contains the word ",[20,2059,2060],{},"pedacito"," (a small amount of something), and I hadn't known that word, so I decided to make a flashcard out of it.",[10,2063,2064],{},"By pressing that orange button in the top-right corner of the pop-up dictionary, which you can see above, Migaku automatically made me a flashcard that looks like this:",[2039,2066],{"src":2067,"width":2068,"height":2069,"alt":2070},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fmigaku-spanish-subjunctive-flashcard.jpeg",1754,1226,"A panel of screenshots showing the flashcards that Migaku created from a YouTube video",[10,2072,2073],{},"More specifically, Migaku automatically fetched:",[291,2075,2076,2079,2082,2085,2088],{},[28,2077,2078],{},"The word you wanted to learn",[28,2080,2081],{},"The sentence it appeared in",[28,2083,2084],{},"A screenshot of the scene where it was uttered",[28,2086,2087],{},"A clip of the video's audio where the sentence was uttered",[28,2089,2090],{},"A definition of what the word means",[10,2092,2093],{},"That took all of two seconds, which is awesome... but what makes Migaku stand out for language learners is that all of our dictionary lookup features can be used with your flashcards.",[10,2095,2096,2097,2103,2104,2106],{},"So, on the offchance that I'm reviewing this flashcard a few months from now (",[20,2098,2099],{},[347,2100,2102],{"href":2101},"\u002Fblog\u002Flanguage-fun\u002Fspaced-repetition-language-learning","read this if you aren't sure how spaced repetition works",") and am not sure why ",[20,2105,626],{}," was being used here, I can just click it. Migaku will explain:",[282,2108,2109],{},[10,2110,2111,2112],{},"Migaku's explanation: ",[20,2113,2114],{},"In this context, \"sea\" is a form of the verb \"ser\" used in the subjunctive mood. It conveys a sense of uncertainty or wishful thinking. The phrase \"aunque sea un pedacito\" translates to \"even if it's a small piece,\" suggesting that even a modest amount of writing is worthwhile or acceptable. This expression emphasizes flexibility and encouragement, indicating that writing even a little bit each day is beneficial.",[303,2116,2118],{"id":2117},"repeat","Repeat!",[10,2120,2121],{},"As you spend more time consuming Spanish content, and you encounter more instances of the subjunctive being used, you'll gradually and naturally develop an intuitive feel for how the subjunctive works and what nuance it lends to a sentence.",[2123,2124],"prose-button",{"href":2125,"text":2126},"\u002Flearn-spanish","Try Migaku for free",[50,2128,2130],{"id":2129},"recap-learning-spanish-and-learning-the-subjunctive","[Recap] Learning Spanish and Learning the Subjunctive",[10,2132,2133,2134,2137,2138,2140],{},"Learning Spanish isn't ",[20,2135,2136],{},"easy",", but it ",[20,2139,509],{}," pretty simple:",[282,2142,2143],{},[10,2144,2145,2146],{},"If you spend more time interacting with Spanish media, and you understand the sentences and messages within that media, you'll make progress. ",[20,2147,2148],{},"Period.",[10,2150,2151],{},"What all successful Spanish learners have in common is that they've spent a lot of time consuming Spanish, in one way or another.",[10,2153,2154],{},"Anyway, that's my soapbox. Here's a recap of the article's keypoints:",[291,2156,2157,2160,2163,2166,2172],{},[28,2158,2159],{},"The subjunctive is one of Spanish's 3 grammatical moods",[28,2161,2162],{},"It is used to communicate wishes, emotions, uncertainty, and things that are generally hypothetical in nature",[28,2164,2165],{},"The 3-part basic formula: {(Subject 1) + WEIRDO verb} + que + {(subject 2) + subjunctive verb}",[28,2167,2168,2169,2171],{},"Some expressions can be used with the indicative ",[20,2170,1633],{}," the subjunctive, and the choice to use one or the other affects what the sentence means",[28,2173,2174],{},"You don't need to memorize all of this—as you spend more time consuming Spanish media, it'll come naturally",[10,2176,2177],{},"And with that: ojalá que tengas suerte, amigo\u002Fa!",{"title":1640,"searchDepth":2179,"depth":2179,"links":2180},2,[2181,2182,2187,2188,2190,2191,2199,2200,2206,2212],{"id":52,"depth":2179,"text":53},{"id":276,"depth":2179,"text":277,"children":2183},[2184,2186],{"id":305,"depth":2185,"text":306},3,{"id":380,"depth":2185,"text":381},{"id":456,"depth":2179,"text":457},{"id":515,"depth":2179,"text":2189},"Conjugation Chart How to form the present subjunctive in Spanish",{"id":738,"depth":2179,"text":739},{"id":800,"depth":2179,"text":801,"children":2192},[2193,2194,2195,2196,2197,2198],{"id":836,"depth":2185,"text":837},{"id":927,"depth":2185,"text":928},{"id":1023,"depth":2185,"text":1024},{"id":1129,"depth":2185,"text":1130},{"id":1225,"depth":2185,"text":1226},{"id":1360,"depth":2185,"text":1361},{"id":1407,"depth":2179,"text":1408},{"id":1629,"depth":2179,"text":2201,"children":2202},"Comparison: Structures that can take the indicative mood or the subjunctive mood",[2203,2204,2205],{"id":1754,"depth":2185,"text":1755},{"id":1849,"depth":2185,"text":1850},{"id":1916,"depth":2185,"text":1917},{"id":1966,"depth":2179,"text":1967,"children":2207},[2208,2209,2210,2211],{"id":1987,"depth":2185,"text":1988},{"id":2025,"depth":2185,"text":2026},{"id":2050,"depth":2185,"text":2051},{"id":2117,"depth":2185,"text":2118},{"id":2129,"depth":2179,"text":2130},"The Spanish subjunctive mood looks scary... but we actually use it in English, too! Use the subjunctive form of a verb when you want to express these specific things:","md",{"timestampUnix":2216,"slug":2217,"h1":2218,"image":2219,"tags":2225},1739426161942,"spanish-subjunctive-guide","Tenses vs moods, and when to use the subjunctive in Spanish ",{"src":2220,"width":2221,"height":2222,"alt":2223,"position":2224},"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fmigaku-spanish-subjunctive-header.jpeg",920,1086,"A candid shot of the subjunctive destroying the notion that Spanish is easy.","top",[2226,2227],"discussion","grammar",true,"\u002Farticle\u002Fspanish\u002Fspanish-subjunctive","---\ntitle: 'The Spanish Subjunctive in 3 Steps | Guide for Beginners'\ndescription: 'The Spanish subjunctive mood looks scary... but we actually use it in English, too! Use the subjunctive form of a verb when you want to express these specific things:'\ntimestampUnix: 1739426161942\nslug: 'spanish-subjunctive-guide'\nh1: 'Tenses vs moods, and when to use the subjunctive in Spanish '\nimage:\n  src: '\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fmigaku-spanish-subjunctive-header.jpeg'\n  width: 920\n  height: 1086\n  alt: 'A candid shot of the subjunctive destroying the notion that Spanish is easy.'\n  position: top\ntags:\n  - discussion\n  - grammar\n---\n\nConfused by the subjunctive mood?\n\nEverybody is! 💪\n\nThe good news is that you don't really need to _understand_ the subjunctive to use it correctly. There are very specific and concrete things that call for the subjunctive to be used, and they boil down to a 3-step formula:\n\n1. Sentence begins with Subject 1 doing a WEIRDO (see below) verb in the indicative\n2. That is followed by the word \"que\"\n3. Sentence ends with Subject 2 and another verb, which is in the subjunctive\n\nSo long as that makes sense, you'll be able to use and recognize the subjunctive pretty reliably. (If it doesn't, you're in the right place!) From there, as you spend more time consuming Spanish media, you'll gradually develop a feel for what kind of nuance the subjunctive adds to a sentence.\n\nFor now, though, here's a crash course into the Spanish subjunctive mood:\n\n\u003Ctoc>\u003C\u002Ftoc>\n\n---\n\n## \\[Table] The Spanish subjunctive mood in 30 seconds:\n\n| Section                                       | Key Points \u002F Preview                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |\n| --------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| **What is the Spanish subjunctive?**          | One of Spanish’s three grammatical moods (indicative, imperative, subjunctive). \u003Cbr> Expresses hypothetical situations, wishes, emotions, and uncertainties rather than facts.                                                                                                                            |\n| **Indicative vs. subjunctive vs. imperative** | **Indicative** = Facts or certainty \u003Cbr> **Imperative** = Commands \u003Cbr> **Subjunctive** = Hypotheticals, desires, emotions, doubts                                                                                                                                                                        |\n| **English uses of the subjunctive**           | Phrases like: \u003Cbr> - “I suggest that **he go**,” (as opposed to **he goes**) \u003Cbr> - “If **I were** you,” (normally we say **I was**)                                                                                                                                                                      |\n| **How to form the present subjunctive**       | 1. Take \"yo\" form of present indicative\u003Cbr>2. Drop the \"-o\"\u003Cbr>3. Add \"opposite\" vowel endings: **-ar** → _e, es, e, emos, éis, en_; **-er\u002F-ir** → _a, as, a, amos, áis, an_                                                                                                                              |\n| **Basic subjunctive formula**                 | (Subject 1 + WEIRDO verb\u002Fexpression) + **que** + (Subject 2 + subjunctive verb)                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |\n| **WEIRDO Triggers**                           | **Wishes:** querer que, esperar que, preferir que\u003Cbr>**Emotions:** alegrarse de que, temer que, gustar que\u003Cbr>**Impersonal:** es importante que, es necesario que\u003Cbr>**Recommendations:** recomendar que, sugerir que\u003Cbr>**Doubt:** dudar que, no creer que\u003Cbr>**Ojalá:** always triggers subjunctive     |\n| **Example sentence structure**                | Quiero que **vengas** (I want you to come)\u003Cbr> Es importante **que estudies** (It’s important that you study)                                                                                                                                                                                             |\n| **What to do if you're a beginner**           | Don't worry about understanding the subjunctive; just remember the concrete things that triggger it \u003Cbr> 1. Learn triggers first (WEIRDO)\u003Cbr>2. Practice the subjunctive formula: Subject 1 + WEIRDO verb + que + Subject 2 + subjunctive verb\u003Cbr>3. Build intuition gradually by exposure and repetition |\n\n## What is the subjunctive in Spanish?\n\nBefore we get into the how-to, let's take a moment to clarify what the subjunctive is.\n\n> The subjunctive is one of Spanish's three grammatical moods, alongside the indicative mood and the imperative mood.\n\nThis is clear as mud and raises two important questions:\n\n- What's the difference between a \"mood\" and a \"tense\"?\n- What's the difference between those three moods?\n\nSo, let's get into it:\n\n### Grammatical tense vs grammatical mood\n\nGrammatical tense and grammatical mood are distinct grammatical concepts that work together to give us information about a verb, and every verb always has both. When you say _yo hablo Español_ (I speak Spanish), for example, that \"hablo\" is actually in the present tense _and_ the indicative mood.\n\nIf we try to tease the two concepts apart, we might say that:\n\n- **Tense** situates an action in time; its only job is to tell you when something occurs\n- **Mood** gives you information about how the speaker perceives that particular verb _(bear with me, we'll elaborate on this in the next section)_\n\nAnother wrench we need to dodge has to do with an unfortunate accident of etymology:\n\n- \"Mood\" as in \"emotion\" comes from [Proto-Germanic's _\\*mōdaz_](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wiktionary.org\u002Fwiki\u002FReconstruction:Proto-West_Germanic\u002Fm%C5%8Dd), and this has nothing to do with the \"mood\" in \"grammatical mood\"\n- \"Mood\" as in \"grammatical mood\" comes from [Latin's _modus_](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wiktionary.org\u002Fwiki\u002Fmodus#Etymology_5), which meant more like \"manner\" or \"way of doing\"\n\n> As you read this article, mentally substitute \"subjunctive mood\" for \"subjunctive _mode_\". The \"mood\" in grammatical mood is the noun form of the adjective \"modal\", as in \"modal verb\" (such as can, must, should, may, etc.) It has nothing to do with emotions.\n\n### Indicative mood vs imperative mood vs subjunctive mood\n\nSpanish verbs can come in one of three grammatical moods—or grammatical _modes_. These are:\n\n- **Indicative mood** – used for statements of fact, descriptions, and things the speaker considers certain\n- **Imperative mood** – used for commands or direct requests\n- **Subjunctive mood** – used for wishes, emotions, requests, and statements of doubt: what these have in common is they all indicate that something isn't or isn't yet a concrete reality\n\nNow let's look at each of those moods in action:\n\n- **Juan va al banco.** (Juan goes to the bank) \u003Cbr> → The indicative is used because this statement reflects something that is a concrete, objective reality\n- **¡Juan, ve al banco!** (Juan, go to the bank!) \u003Cbr> → The imperative is used because we are imposing our will on Juan, not simply reporting what he is doing\n- **Quiero que Juan vaya al banco.** (I want Juan to go to the bank) \u003Cbr> → The subjunctive mood is used because the fact that we _want_ Juan to go to the bank means that _he is not actually going there right now_—in this sentence, we aren't reporting reality as it objective is, so we can't use the subjunctive\n\n> You know the difference between a statement (indicative) and command (imperative). For now, just understand that the subjunctive is one more \"mode\" or \"flavor\" that a verb can be come in.\n\n## How the subjunctive mood is used in English\n\nIf the subjunctive has you bristling in your [bufanda](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=dBTGxLc-lv0), you should know that we actually use it in English, too. The English subjunctive is much more limited than the Spanish subjunctive, and the subjunctive also sounds quite formal in English, but it's there.\n\nHere's a few English examples of the subjunctive for you:\n\n- **If I were you...** → We use \"were\" instead of \"was\" because we are describing a hypothetical (= contrary to the facts) situation, not describing reality as it objectively is _(I am)_\n- **It's important that he be on time** → We use \"be\" instead of \"is\" because we are communicating how we feel about someone's arrival, not describing the objective reality of them arriving _(he arrives)_\n- **I suggest that she go to the doctor** → We use \"go\" instead of \"goes\" because we're offering a recommendation, not describing reality as it objectively is _(he goes)_\n- We have several fixed phrases like \"God bless you\" and \"Long live the King!\" which are remnants from a time when English made more robust use of the subjunctive\n\n> What you should take from English's use of the subjunctive is that it's used in specific types of sentences and gives a specific nuance to a sentence. The same is true of Spanish. As such, you don't necessarily need to understand what the subjunctive _is_—you just need to remember the conditions that call for it to be used.\n\n---\n\n## [Conjugation Chart] How to form the present subjunctive in Spanish\n\nThankfully, forming the present subjunctive is pretty straightforward: if you know your present (indicative) tense constructions, you'll be able to remember the subjunctive ones easily.\n\n1.  **Start with the “yo” form of the present indicative** — hablar → hablo\n2.  **Drop the “-o” ending** — hablo → habl\n3.  **Add the \"opposite\" vowel endings** — hablo → hable\n    - For **-ar** verbs, you add **-e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en**\n    - For **-er** and **-ir** verbs, add **-a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an**.\n\nAnd now here's a table showing the present tense conjugations of an -ar verb, an -er verb, an -ir verb, and an irregular verb:\n\n| Person                                                | **hablar** (to speak) | **beber** (to drink) | **sentir** (to feel) | **ser** (to be) |\n| ----------------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | -------------------- | -------------------- | --------------- |\n| yo \u003Cbr> (I)                                           | hable                 | beba                 | sienta               | sea             |\n| tú \u003Cbr> (informal you)                                | hables                | bebas                | sientas              | seas            |\n| él\u002Fella; usted \u003Cbr>(he\u002Fshe; formal you)               | hable                 | beba                 | sienta               | sea             |\n| nosotros\u002Fnosotras \u003Cbr> (we)                           | hablemos              | bebamos              | sintamos†            | seamos          |\n| vosotros\u002Fvosotras \u003Cbr> (plural you)                   | habléis               | bebáis               | sintáis†             | seáis           |\n| ellos\u002Fellas; ustedes \u003Cbr> (they; plural formal \"you\") | hablen                | beban                | sientan              | sean            |\n\n† _The pattern changes because \\_sentir_ is a [stem-changing verb](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSpanish_irregular_verbs#Stem-vowel_changes), but that topic is beyond the scope of this article.\\_\n\n## Basic Spanish Subjunctive Formula\n\nNow that we know how to form the subjunctive, let's talk about when to use it. One of the most straightforward ways to spot (or construct) a subjunctive sentence in Spanish is to use a simple formula.\n\nMany Spanish subjunctive sentences follow this structure:\n\n> {(Subject 1) + WEIRDO verb\u002Fexpression in indicative} + que + {(Subject 2) + subjunctive verb}.\n\nFor example: Yo quiero que tú vengas. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Yo quiero que tú vengas..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio> (I want you to come.)\n\n- **Subject 1** = \"Yo\" (I)\n- **Triggering verb** = \"quiero\" (I want) expresses a wish\u002Fdesire, which is a common trigger for the subjunctive, as will be discussed in the next section\n- **que** = que means \"that\" and connects the first and second halves (\"clauses\") of Spanish sentences—unlike in English, \"que\" cannot be omitted in Spanish!\n- **Subject 2** = \"tú\" (you)\n- **Subjunctive verb** = \"vengas\" (subjunctive form of venir, to come)\n\nNote that Spanish often drops subject pronouns (yo + tú here), so you'll often actually see something like _quiero que vengas_. What's important isn't the presence of the subject pronouns, but the fact that different people are doing each of the sentence's verbs.\n\n## WEIRDO: The 6 basic subjunctive triggers\n\nAs mentioned above, while the subjunctive is a nebulous concept that may be difficult to wrap your mind around, its usage is actually very straightforward: WEIRDO verb + que + any other verb being done by someone else.\n\nWEIRDO is an acronym which refers to six different categories of verb:\n\n- W – Wishes and desires (wanting someone to do something)\n- E – Emotions (being happy, sad, surprised, afraid, etc. about something)\n- I – Impersonal expressions (general statements like \"It's good that..., It's important that...\")\n- R – Recommendations and requests (suggesting, advising, begging someone to do something)\n- D – Doubt, denial, and uncertainty (doubting that something is true, denying something)\n- O – Ojalá and other expressions of hope (hopefully, I hope that, etc.)\n\nIf you spot one of these words or phrases in the beginning of a Spanish sentence, your subjunctive radar should go off. It's not guaranteed—you still need the word \"que\" and for it to be followed up with someone else doing a different verb—but it's a major first condition that's been met.\n\nNow let's look at each of the WEIRDO subjunctive triggers in a bit more detail. I'll bold the verbs that are in the subjunctive so they're easier to pick out.\n\n### Wish\" triggers for the subjunctive\n\nThese are verbs that express a wish, desire, hope, or need for something to happen. If someone wants something to occur (or not occur), you'll use subjunctive for that second action.\n\nCommon wish triggers include:\n\n| Trigger Phrase (Wishes)    | Example Spanish Sentence                                                                                                                                | English Translation                 |\n| -------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |\n| querer que (to want that)  | Ella quiere que su hijo **aprenda** español. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Ella quiere que su hijo aprenda español..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio> | She wants her son to learn Spanish. |\n| esperar que (to hope that) | Espero que **tengas** un buen día. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Espero que tengas un buen día..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio>                     | I hope (that) you have a good day.  |\n| necesitar que (to need)    | Necesitamos que tú **vengas** temprano. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Necesitamos que tú vengas temprano..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio>           | We need you to come early.          |\n\nAnd here's a few bonus triggers:\n\n- desear que (to wish\u002Fdesire that...)\n- preferir que (to prefer that...)\n\n### \"Emotion\" triggers for the subjunctive\n\nWhen the sentence is expressing emotion about something, you’ll often use the subjunctive. It could be happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, anger, or any other feeling in regards to something else happening.\n\nCommon emotion triggers include:\n\n| Trigger Phrase (Emotions)                 | Example Spanish Sentence                                                                                                                      | English Translation                          |\n| ----------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |\n| alegrarse de que (to be happy that...)    | Me alegro de que **estés** aquí. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Me alegro de que estés aquí..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio>               | I'm happy that you are here.                 |\n| temer que (to fear that...)               | Ella teme que su novio la **deje**. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Ella teme que su novio la deje..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio>         | She fears that her boyfriend will leave her. |\n| es una lástima que (it's a shame that...) | Es una lástima que no **puedas** venir. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Es una lástima que no puedas venir..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio> | It's a shame that you can't come.            |\n\nAnd a few bonus triggers:\n\n- gustar que (to like\u002Fbe pleased that...)\n- encantar que (to love\u002Fbe delighted that...)\n- sentir que\u002Flamentar que (to be sorry\u002Fregret that...)\n- sorprender(se) que(to be surprised that...)\n\n### \"Impersonal expression\" triggers for the subjunctive\n\nImpersonal expressions are phrases like \"It is (adjective) that...\", and they're called impersonal because the subject has been changed to \"it\". In other words, instead of saying \"\u003Cu>I\u003C\u002Fu> think it's (adjective) that...\", you're removing the \"person\" from the statement entirely.\n\nThese expressions come in the format \"Es (adjective) que\" and state an opinion, value judgment, or broad observation about what should or might be.\n\nCommon impersonal expression triggers include:\n\n| Impersonal Expression | Example Spanish Sentence                                                                                                                                        | English Translation                               |\n| --------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |\n| es importante que     | Es importante que **estudiemos** cada día. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Es importante que estudiemos cada día..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio>             | It's important that we study each day.            |\n| es bueno que          | Es bueno que **practiques** español con nativos. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Es bueno que practiques español con nativos..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio> | It's good that you practice Spanish with natives. |\n| es posible que        | Es posible que **llueva** mañana. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Es posible que llueva mañana..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio>                               | It's possible that it will rain tomorrow.         |\n\nAnd a few bonus triggers for you:\n\n- es necesario que (it’s necessary that…)\n- es mejor que (it’s better that…)\n- es malo que (it’s bad that…)\n\n_Note: If you're reading closely, you might notice that the \"es una lástima que...\" example from the previous session looks an awful lot like an impersonal expression... and you'd be right! There's some overlap. WEIRDO is just a convenient way to remember what sort of things will probably cause the subjunctive to be used in Spanish. It's not super important whether a phrase belongs to one category or another._\n\n### \"Recommendation\u002Frequest\" triggers for the subjunctive\n\nThis category covers telling, asking, or advising someone to do something. Generally speaking, this category encapsulates any verb that involves you exerting influence over someone else’s actions—whether gently (suggesting) or forcefully (demanding).\n\nCommon recommendation\u002Frequest triggers include:\n\n| Trigger (Recommendation) | Example Spanish Sentence                                                                                                                      | English Translation                          |\n| ------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |\n| recomendar que           | Te recomiendo que **hagas** ejercicio. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Te recomiendo que hagas ejercicio..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio>   | I recommend that you do work out (exercise). |\n| pedir que                | Nos pidió que **guardáramos** silencio. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Nos pidió que guardáramos silencio..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio> | He asked us to keep quiet.                   |\n| sugerir que              | Sugiero que no **digas** nada. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Sugiero que no digas nada..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio>                   | I suggest that you don't say anything.       |\n\nAnd a few more for you:\n\n- mandar que (to order that...)\n- aconsejar que (to advise that...)\n- insistir en que (to insist that...)\n- exigir que (to demand that...)\n\n### \"Doubt\u002Fdenial\" triggers for the subjunctive\n\nIf the main verb expresses doubt, uncertainty, or the assertion that you don't think\u002Fbelieve something, you'll use the subjunctive to bring up the thing you're doubting.\n\nCommon doubt\u002Fdenial triggers include:\n\n| Trigger (Doubt\u002FDenial) | Example Spanish Sentence                                                                                                                              | English Translation                        |\n| ---------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |\n| dudar que              | Dudo que **sea** verdad. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Dudo que sea verdad..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio>                                       | I doubt that it is true.                   |\n| no creer que           | No creo que **tengamos** suficiente dinero. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-No creo que tengamos suficiente dinero..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio> | I don't believe that we have enough money. |\n| negar que              | Él niega que **haya** un problema. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Él niega que haya un problema..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio>                   | He denies that there is a problem.         |\n\nAnd a few more for the list:\n\n- no pensar que (to not think that...)\n- no estar seguro\u002Fa de que (to not be sure that...)\n- no es posible \u002F es imposible que (it's not possible that...)\n- no es probable que ( it's not likely that...)\n\n\u003Caccordion heading=\"👀 Advanced notes\">\n\nUnfortunately, this isn't completely foolproof. As you spend more time with Spanish, you'll see some subjunctive structures that break our \"3-part formula\" rule. You'll learn those naturally, though, so don't worry too much about them right now.\n\nPerhaps more confusing is that you'll have to take some things about the subjunctive on a case-by-case basis:\n\n- \"No creo que\" calls for the subjunctive... but \"creo que\" calls for the indicative, even though it might seem like saying \"I think that\" is less certain than \"I know that\"\n- ... _but_, while \"creo que\" takes the indicative, the very-similar-sounding \"es posible que\" and \"es probable que\" take the subjunctive!\n- Additionally, and we'll discuss this more down below, there are a number of words that get used with _both_ the subjunctive and indicative mood, depending on the nuance you want to convey, [such as tal vez\u002Fquizas (maybe)](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.reddit.com\u002Fr\u002FSpanish\u002Fcomments\u002Fy8ruv6\u002Fshould_tal_vez_trigger_the_subjunctive\u002F)\n\nAgain, I wouldn't worry about understanding all of these nuances right now, either. So long as you spend time interacting with Spanish—consuming media that you can understand at least some of—you'll gradually build an intuitive feel for the nuance behind different sentence structures.\n\nFor now, just make a mental note to pay attention to these things as you spend time in Spanish. The rest will be handled by time and exposure 💪\n\n\u003C\u002Faccordion>\n\n### The \"ojalá\" subjunctive trigger\n\nOjalá is a special and very common Spanish word that means \"hopefully\" or \"I hope\". It comes from an Arabic phrase meaning \"God willing,\" and it _always_ triggers the subjunctive. Breaking the rule we previously laid out, you can also use ojalá without following up with \"que\".\n\nFurthermore, I have it on good authority that if you take 4 minutes and 7 seconds to listen to the following song, you'll never forget how to use ojalá:\n\n\u003Ccustom-iframe src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FsuQC8d-YkeU?si=2-cxBNg1SC5zXvL3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-iframe>\n\nThe song expresses hope for a better life for people from poor and rural communities across Latin America, starting with the hope that it will rain coffee. It's an upbeat song and says \"ojalá que...\" about a million times, so if you listen to it periodically, you'll drill this structure hopefully into your memory.\n\nMore commonly, you'll hear things like:\n\n- (Ojalá que) **tengas** un buen día. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Ojalá que tengas un buen día.mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio> (I hope you have a good day)\n- (Ojalá que) **tengamos** suerte. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Ojalá que tengamos suerte.mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio> (I hope we have good luck \u002F good luck to us)\n\nAnd you'll often even hear \"ojalá que\" omitted entirely from both of these expressions!\n\n## Common Phrases That Use the Subjunctive\n\nApart from the WEIRDO triggers, Spanish also has many set phrases and conjunctions that are commonly used with the subjunctive. If you look throuhg the example sentences below, you'll notice that they have something in common: they tend to introduce a condition or hypothetical situation in which one thing happening is contingent on another thing happening.\n\nThis should make sense: the other thing hasn't happened, and there's a chance it won't happen—when we make these sort of sentences, we aren't describing reality as it objectively is. As such, we use the subjunctive.\n\n| Spanish Phrase   | English Translation        | Example Sentence in Spanish                                                                                                                                                   | English Sentence                                |\n| ---------------- | -------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |\n| para que         | so that, in order that     | Habla despacio para que te **entiendan**. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Habla despacio para que te entiendan..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio>                             | Speak slowly so that they understand you.       |\n| a menos que      | unless                     | No voy a menos que me **invites**. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-No voy a menos que me invites..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio>                                           | I'm not going unless you invite me.             |\n| con tal (de) que | provided that, as long as  | Te ayudaré con tal de que me **escuches**. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Te ayudaré con tal de que me escuches..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio>                           | I'll help you as long as you listen to me.      |\n| en caso de que   | in case                    | Lleva dinero en caso de que lo **necesites**. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Lleva dinero en caso de que lo necesites..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio>                     | Take money in case you need it.                 |\n| antes de que     | before (something happens) | Por favor, lleguen antes de que **empiece** la reunión. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Por favor, lleguen antes de que empiece la reunión..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio> | Please, arrive before the meeting starts.       |\n| sin que          | without (someone doing...) | Salieron sin que nadie se †**diera** cuenta. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Salieron sin que nadie se diera cuenta..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio>                        | They left without anyone noticing.              |\n| siempre y cuando | as long as, provided that  | Iré contigo siempre y cuando **termines** pronto. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Iré contigo siempre y cuando termines pronto..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio>             | I'll go with you as long as you finish quickly. |\n| aunque sea       | even if \u002F even though      | Aunque **sea** difícil, voy a intentarlo. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Aunque sea difícil, voy a intentarlo..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio>                             | Even if it's difficult, I'm going to try.       |\n| en caso de que   | in case                    | Llévate paraguas en caso de que **llueva**. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Llévate paraguas en caso de que llueva..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio>                         | Take an umbrella in case it rains.              |\n\nAgain, while these are good things to know, don't stress!\n\nAs you consume more Spanish media and hear these phrases being used in the wild, you'll eventually develop an intuitive feel for how they work—it'll eventually feel strange to use these phrases with the indicative because you always hear them in the subjunctive.\n\n† _This is actually the imperfect subjunctive form of dar (to give). Just a heads up that the subjunctive gets used with more tenses than just the present tense!_\n\n---\n\n## Comparison: Structures that can take the indicative mood _or_ the subjunctive mood\n\n> \u003CCenteredText bold underline>Forewarning\u003C\u002FCenteredText>\u003Cbr> \u003CCenteredText>I\"m about to throw a wrench at you. If you're already feeling a bit overwhelmed, **feel free to skip this section**. I'm including it for the sake of being thorough, but it's perfectly fine to ignore it for now and come back to it (much) later. \u003C\u002FCenteredText>\n\nThere are several times when it can be correct to use either the indicative _or_ subjunctive mood in Spanish, but your nuance will change slightly depending on which one you choose\n\nWe'll get into some specific examples below, but generally speaking:\n\n- The indicative mood is used to say that something is happening or actually has happened\n- The subjunctive mood is used to introduce a hypothetical situation or say that something _might_ happen in the future\n\nSo the indicative is “real”, and the subjunctive exists in contrast to reality.\n\nTo set the stage, here's a classic example for you to chew on:\n\n- **Indicative** → A los amigos de Julia les gusta que ella se **ríe**.\n- **Subjunctive** → A los amigos de Julia les gusta que ella se **ría**.\n\nBoth of these sentences essentially mean \"Julia's friends like it when she laughs,\" but they're not quite the same.\n\nHow do they differ?\n\nTake a moment to think about what you've learned about the subjunctive so far, and when you're ready, click the big \"+\" button below to check your answer.\n\n\u003Caccordion heading='\"Que se ríe\" vs \"que se sía'>\n\nAlright! You clicked the button. Good on you, for taking a moment to think about this 💪\n\nRemember, the essential difference here is that the indicative describes reality as it objectively is (or as the speaker genuinely believes it to be), whereas the subjunctive more describes reality as it could, might, or should be.\n\nWith this in mind:\n\n- **Indicative** → A los amigos de Julia les gusta que ella se **ríe**. \u003Cbr> → This describes reality as it is—Julia is the sort of person who laughs a lot, and her friends like the fact Julia is this sort of person. Or: Julia laughs a lot, and her friends like that.\n- **Subjunctive** → A los amigos de Julia les gusta que ella se **ría**. \u003Cbr> → This describes what _could_ or _might_ be—it'd more more accurate to say that Julia's friends like it _when_ she laughs. It could be as simple as that, or it could be something deeper—Julia is not the sort of person that laughs often, and for precisely that reason, her friends like it on those rare occasions when she _does_ laugh.\n\n\u003C\u002Faccordion>\n\n### 1. Cuando + indicative or subjunctive\n\nI've put a lot of thought into this article, but _cuando_ is the first word that's going to make you think I'm a liar. You'll often see it used with both the subjunctive and with the indicative.\n\nAs with the example with Julia above, there's a specific nuance behind the choice to use either grammatical mood.\n\n- **Cuando + indicative**\n  - **Nuance 1**: Used with past tense (to describe something that actually happened) \u003Cbr> \u003Cu>Example\u003C\u002Fu>: Cuando llegó, lo saludamos. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Cuando llegó, lo saludamos..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio> (We greeted him when we arrived.) \u003Cbr> \u003Cu>Explanation\u003C\u002Fu>: It's objectively true that we arrived, and then that we greeted him. There's no uncertainty here, so the indicative is used.\n  - **Nuance 2**: Used with the present tense to describe habits (to describe things you have reason to believe will definitely occur) \u003Cbr> \u003Cu>Example\u003C\u002Fu>: Siempre me llama cuando llego a casa. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Siempre me llama cuando llego a casa..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio> (He always calls me when I arrive home.) \u003Cbr> \u003Cu>Explanation\u003C\u002Fu>: This happens regularly, so we are reasonably certain that it will continue happening.\n- **Cuando + subjunctive**\n  - **Nuance**: Used with the future tense (as the subjunctive action may fail to occur) \u003Cbr> \u003Cu>Example\u003C\u002Fu>: Te llamaré cuando llegue a casa. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Te llamaré cuando llegue a casa..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio> (I will call you when I arrive home.) \u003Cbr> \u003Cu>Explanation\u003C\u002Fu>: Since this event is occurring in the future, we can't be 100% certain that it will actually happen. We might not ever arrive!\n\nYou'll notice similar logic with other time phrases such as hasta que (until), después de que (after), tan pronto como (as soon as), and so forth.\n\n### 2. Aunque (Although\u002FEven if)\n\nThe word aunque has a different nuance depending on whether it's used with the indicative or subjunctive—but, thankfully, the difference is pretty concrete.\n\n- **Aunque + indicative**\n  - **Nuance**: Used to mean \"despite the fact that\" (a certain reality is the case) or \"even though\" (acknowledging X fact, but doing something anyway)\u003Cbr> \u003Cu>Example\u003C\u002Fu>: Aunque es caro, lo voy a comprar. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Aunque es caro, lo voy a comprar..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio> (Although it’s expensive, I’m going to buy it.) \u003Cbr> \u003Cu>Explanation\u003C\u002Fu>: Perhaps you're in the store, and you can see that it _is_ expensive, but you're resolved to buy it anyway.\n- **Aunque + subjunctive**\n  - **Nuance**: Used to mean \"even if\" (you don't know if X will happen, but you're going to do something, despite that possibility)\u003Cbr> \u003Cu>Example\u003C\u002Fu>: Aunque sea caro, lo voy a comprar. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Aunque sea caro, lo voy a comprar..mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio> (Even if it’s expensive, I’m going to buy it.)\u003Cbr> \u003Cu>Explanation\u003C\u002Fu>: You aren't sure if it's expensive or not, but you've resolved to buy it, no matter what the cost ends up being.\n\nWith the indicative structure, there's no doubt: it's certain that the thing is expensive. With the subjunctive structure, things aren't as fixed: the possibility exists that the thing may be expensive, but you aren't certain yet.\n\n### 3. Existential statements and questions\n\nThere are a handful of other phrases that can be used with either the subjunctive or indicative, but so long as you understand how the logic works, you'll gradually piece them together.\n\nFor now, I want to close with an example that's slightly different.\n\nConsider these two sentences:\n\n- ¿Hay alguien aquí que **pueda** ayudarnos? \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-¿Hay alguien aquí que pueda ayudarnos_.mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio> (Is there someone here who can help us?)\n- Sí, hay alguien aquí que **puede** ayudar. \u003Ccustom-audio src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fes-Sí, hay alguien aquí que puede ayudar. .mp3\" :type=\"3\">\u003C\u002Fcustom-audio> (“Yes, there is someone here who can help.)\n\nIf you've been following along so far, this should hopefully make sense!\n\n- In the first sentence, the subjunctive is used because you don't know if this person exists or not. (That's why you're asking a question!)\n- In the second, the indicative is used because the speaker is confirming that such a person exists. (The speaker knows that there is such a person, so he states that there is.)\n\n---\n\n## A Frustration-free approach to learning the subjunctive\n\nIt isn't just you: this is a lot. It's complex stuff, and it's a lot to wrap your head around if you aren't a grammar nerd. (Hell, even if you _are_ a grammar nerd, it's kind of confusing.)\n\nThe good news is that this isn't math. You don't _need_ to understand all these fancy linguistic words. You just need to notice the patterns.\n\nHere's what you're going to do:\n\n### Above all else, spend a lot of time interacting with Spanish\n\nThe subjunctive is confusing primarily because you haven't encountered much of it yet. You're experiencing some mental panic because Spanish verb conjugations are already tricky enough to remember... and now you need to remember _another_ set of verb conjugations that, really, it seems like you've gone your entire life just fine in English without ever needing.\n\nThat's natural.\n\n... but if you follow a few podcasts, read a few books, watch a few telenovelas—we've actually got [a guide to learning Spanish by watching TV](\u002Fblog\u002Fspanish\u002Fbest-spanish-shows-guide)—and generally interact with Spanish, something important will change.\n\n> **The subjunctive won't seem so mysterious anymore.**\n\nYou'll have hundreds of little sentences floating around in your head where the subjunctive is being used.\n\nYou'll notice patterns.\n\nThings will click.\n\n### Use a tool like Migaku to get explanations of why the subjunctive is used in a particular sentence\n\nSo, say you're watching something on YouTube, as you do, and you suddenly get smacked with the word _sea_. You recognize that this is the present subjunctive form of \"es\" (or maybe you don't, no worries!)—but you don't quite get why it's being used here.\n\n_Just click on it._\n\n\u003Cimg src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fmigaku-spanish-subjunctive-ai.jpeg\" width=\"2880\" height=\"1800\" alt=\"A Spanish woman using the subjunctive form of the verb 'poder' in an interview\" \u002F>\n\nMigaku will analyze the sentence it appears in to give you an in-context explanation of what it means.\n\n### Make flashcards out of the useful subjunctive expressions you encounter\n\nYou stumbled into an example of the subjunctive in the wild... but that's just the beginning!\n\nThis particular sentence contains the word _pedacito_ (a small amount of something), and I hadn't known that word, so I decided to make a flashcard out of it.\n\nBy pressing that orange button in the top-right corner of the pop-up dictionary, which you can see above, Migaku automatically made me a flashcard that looks like this:\n\n\u003Cimg src=\"\u002Fassets\u002Fblog\u002Fmigaku-spanish-subjunctive-flashcard.jpeg\" width=\"1754\" height=\"1226\" alt=\"A panel of screenshots showing the flashcards that Migaku created from a YouTube video\" \u002F>\n\nMore specifically, Migaku automatically fetched:\n\n- The word you wanted to learn\n- The sentence it appeared in\n- A screenshot of the scene where it was uttered\n- A clip of the video's audio where the sentence was uttered\n- A definition of what the word means\n\nThat took all of two seconds, which is awesome... but what makes Migaku stand out for language learners is that all of our dictionary lookup features can be used with your flashcards.\n\nSo, on the offchance that I'm reviewing this flashcard a few months from now (_[read this if you aren't sure how spaced repetition works](\u002Fblog\u002Flanguage-fun\u002Fspaced-repetition-language-learning)_) and am not sure why _sea_ was being used here, I can just click it. Migaku will explain:\n\n> Migaku's explanation: _In this context, \"sea\" is a form of the verb \"ser\" used in the subjunctive mood. It conveys a sense of uncertainty or wishful thinking. The phrase \"aunque sea un pedacito\" translates to \"even if it's a small piece,\" suggesting that even a modest amount of writing is worthwhile or acceptable. This expression emphasizes flexibility and encouragement, indicating that writing even a little bit each day is beneficial._\n\n### Repeat!\n\nAs you spend more time consuming Spanish content, and you encounter more instances of the subjunctive being used, you'll gradually and naturally develop an intuitive feel for how the subjunctive works and what nuance it lends to a sentence.\n\n\u003Cprose-button href=\"\u002Flearn-spanish\" text=\"Try Migaku for free\">\u003C\u002Fprose-button>\n\n## \\[Recap] Learning Spanish and Learning the Subjunctive\n\nLearning Spanish isn't _easy_, but it _is_ pretty simple:\n\n> If you spend more time interacting with Spanish media, and you understand the sentences and messages within that media, you'll make progress. _Period._\n\nWhat all successful Spanish learners have in common is that they've spent a lot of time consuming Spanish, in one way or another.\n\nAnyway, that's my soapbox. Here's a recap of the article's keypoints:\n\n- The subjunctive is one of Spanish's 3 grammatical moods\n- It is used to communicate wishes, emotions, uncertainty, and things that are generally hypothetical in nature\n- The 3-part basic formula: {(Subject 1) + WEIRDO verb} + que + {(subject 2) + subjunctive verb}\n- Some expressions can be used with the indicative _or_ the subjunctive, and the choice to use one or the other affects what the sentence means\n- You don't need to memorize all of this—as you spend more time consuming Spanish media, it'll come naturally\n\nAnd with that: ojalá que tengas suerte, amigo\u002Fa!\n",{"title":5,"description":2213},"article\u002Fspanish\u002Fspanish-subjunctive","obII6TGqFEMh2AhhdE2sGysrYMDXyd4rqacfOp_JZN8","February 13, 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Indicative Spanish: Complete Conjugation Guide","Learn Spanish present indicative conjugation for -ar, -er, -ir verbs. Covers regular patterns, irregular verbs, stem changes, and when to use this essential tense.",{"alt":3753,"src":3754,"width":3755,"height":3756,"previewOnly":3757},"Understanding the Spanish present indicative tense - Banner","https:\u002F\u002Fmigaku-cms-assets.migaku.com\u002Fimage_content_1_5eeb8cec5e\u002Fimage_content_1_5eeb8cec5e.png",1376,768,false,[3759,3760,2227,3761],"fundamentals","vocabulary","phrases","1777222865032",{"id":3764,"documentId":3765,"slug":3766,"category":3749,"lang":2237,"title":3767,"description":3768,"image":3769,"tags":3774,"timestampUnix":3777,"featured":3757},6140,"bc8wd14d6qin8bh7s5megcwv","ir-conjugation-chart-spanish","Complete Ir Conjugation Chart: All Spanish Tenses Explained","Master the ir conjugation chart with all Spanish tenses: present, preterite, imperfect, future, and subjunctive. Includes examples and practical tips.",{"alt":3770,"src":3771,"width":3772,"height":3773,"previewOnly":3757},"Complete ir conjugation chart in Spanish - Banner","https:\u002F\u002Fmigaku-cms-assets.migaku.com\u002F30827_pexelsthoughtcatalog2228561_674207_8c5cf03933\u002F30827_pexelsthoughtcatalog2228561_674207_8c5cf03933.jpg",1000,320,[3759,3775,2227,3776],"conjugation","verbs","1776294060000",{"id":3779,"documentId":3780,"slug":3781,"category":3749,"lang":2237,"title":3782,"description":3783,"image":3784,"tags":3788,"timestampUnix":3789,"featured":3757},6139,"qkq67gx6fii1ndbdzf9qf4k9","ver-conjugations-complete-spanish-chart","Complete Ver Conjugation Chart: All Spanish Tenses","Master ver conjugations with complete charts for all Spanish tenses. Includes present, preterite, imperfect, subjunctive, and compound forms with examples.",{"alt":3785,"src":3786,"width":3772,"height":3787,"previewOnly":3757},"Complete ver conjugation chart in Spanish - Banner","https:\u002F\u002Fmigaku-cms-assets.migaku.com\u002Fistockphoto_1265420437_170667a_2c80eeecd9\u002Fistockphoto_1265420437_170667a_2c80eeecd9.jpg",339,[3759,3775,2227,3776],"1776286860000"]