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Includes usages, examples, nouns vs pronouns, and verbal nouns. ",[],[14,15],20463397959950,20463397960149,[17,23],{"id":18,"title":19,"description":20,"slug":21,"language":22},"1743600357664","Academy Level 1","Appears in Migaku Academy Level 1","japanese-academy-level-1","japanese",{"id":24,"title":25,"description":26,"slug":27,"language":22},"1741860491704","JLPT N5","Appears in the JLPT N5","japanese-jlpt-n5","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardAlign, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTargetWord, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardAlign) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardAlign\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTargetWord) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTargetWord\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Japanese Nouns\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Nouns in Japanese serve as the building blocks of sentences, representing people, places, things, or concepts. While they share similarities with nouns in other languages, they also possess unique characteristics that set them apart.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Characteristics of Japanese Nouns\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"No Plural Forms\"\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nJapanese nouns do not differentiate between singular and plural forms.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardAlign, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiTargetWord, {\n translation: \"teacher(s)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[!せんせい]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n audioProps: {\n \"input\": \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.1-1-AI.m4a\"\n },\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As a result of there being no plural form, you'll need context or extra words to determine whether one or multiple things are being referred to.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"No Gender or Articles\"\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nUnlike some languages, Japanese nouns do not have a gender (e.g., masculine or feminine) or require definite\u002Findefinite articles (e.g., \\\"the\\\" or \\\"a\\\").\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardAlign, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiTargetWord, {\n translation: \"(a\u002Fthe) cat(s)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"猫[!ねこ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n audioProps: {\n \"input\": \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.1-2-AI.m4a\"\n },\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Due to this, the above word can mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"a cat,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the cat(s),\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"cat,\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"cats\"\n }), \" depending on context.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Types of Japanese Nouns\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Many types of nouns in Japanese are shared with other languages. The following list provides a quick overview of the kinds of nouns encountered in Japanese.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Common Nouns\"\n }), \": General words like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"猫[!ねこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"cat\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"山[!やま]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"mountain\"\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"机[!つくえ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"desk\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Proper Nouns\"\n }), \": Specific names of people, places, or organizations, such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"東京[!とうきょう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Tokyo\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"田中[!たなか] さん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Mr.\u002FMs. Tanaka\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Verbal Nouns\"\n }), \": These are nouns that can also act as verbs when combined with the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to do\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"勉強[!べんきょう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"study\"\n }), \" vs. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"勉強[!べんきょう] する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to study\"\n }), \").\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Personal Pronouns\"\n }), \": Japanese personal pronouns, like \\\"I,\\\" \\\"you,\\\" and \\\"he\u002Fshe,\\\" are less commonly used than in English due to the language's tendency to omit information made obvious by context. These pronouns include first-person pronouns (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"私[!わたし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"I\"\n }), \"), second-person pronouns (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あなた\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"you\"\n }), \"), third-person pronouns (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼[!かれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"he\"\n }), \") and reflexive pronouns (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[!じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"self\"\n }), \").\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Demonstrative Pronouns\"\n }), \": Demonstratives are words like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"これ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"this\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あれ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"that over there\"\n }), \" that help indicate things, both physically and abstractly.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Interrogative Pronouns\"\n }), \": These are nouns like \\\"what\\\" or \\\"who\\\" used to ask questions. Examples include \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[!だれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"who\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[!なに]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"what\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"where\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Relational Nouns\"\n }), \": Relational nouns indicate a location relative to other objects. They function like prepositions in English but are treated as nouns in Japanese and often pair with particles. Some common ones are \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"上[!うえ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"above\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"中[!なか]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"inside\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"前[!まえ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"in front of\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Loanwords\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Loanwords function just like any other noun. However, a notable category is 'Gairaigo' \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"外来語[!がいらいご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"—words borrowed from other languages. 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stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"'Gairaigo' \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"外来語[!がいらいご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" were\u002Fare primarily borrowed from languages like English, Portuguese, Dutch, and modern Chinese dialects (e.g., Mandarin Chinese and Cantonese).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"While many Chinese loanwords were adopted in ancient times and are written in kanji, modern Chinese loanwords are treated as gairaigo and typically written in katakana.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Japanese has a long history of borrowing foreign words, starting with Chinese characters in the late 4th century AD, which shaped its writing system. Later, Portuguese and Dutch words entered the language during Japan’s trade with these countries in the 16th and 17th centuries. Words like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ラシャ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"woollen cloth\"\n }), \" (Portuguese) and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ガラス\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"glas\"\n }), \" (Dutch) are words from this period.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the Edo era (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"江戸時代[!えどじだい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"), German and French loanwords appeared, especially for medical and artistic terms. By the Meiji era (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"明治時代[!めいじじだい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"), Japan’s interaction with Germany brought in words like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"バイト\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"part-time work\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"エネルギー\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"energy\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Modern gairaigo are predominantly from English, especially after WWII. These are often words for concepts that don't have a word in Japanese or are being used because of the trendiness of English terms. Today, 80–90% of loanwords come from English.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Other sources include Modern Chinese and Korean, particularly for food-related terms like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ウーロン茶[!うーろんちゃ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"oolong tea\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"キムチ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"kimchi\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[31,43],{"id":14,"title":32,"mod":33,"grammarPoint":34,"grammarPointTitle":35,"grammarPointDescription":36,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":37,"similarGrammarPoints":38,"tags":39,"content":41,"dependentGrammarPoints":42,"language":22},"Names in Japanese",1744023165007,"names","[JLPT N5] How Japanese Names Work | Japanese Culture","Japanese names are family name first, first name last. Here's a few common ones and how they work.",[],[],[21,40],"japanese-name-suffixes","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiImage, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiImage) _missingMdxReference(\"UiImage\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Names in Japanese\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You might expect names to be relatively straightforward, but in Japanese they can actually be quite complex. What makes them so challenging is that their readings are not standardized and can take on various, unexpected forms. This leads to the fact that even for native speakers, reading names can be difficult.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For example, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"中田\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be read as either \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なかた\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なかだ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Some names can be even less predictable, such as the name \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"八月一日\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which appears to be the calendar date \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"August first\"\n }), \" and is read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"はちがつついたち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but as a name is actually read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほずみ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This should tell you that memorizing names is not a productive use of your time as a beginner.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Japanese people have two names: a surname and a given name. The surname is usually inherited from the father, and women typically take their husband's surname upon marriage. In Japanese, the surname comes first and the given name second. Thus, someone with the surname \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"山本[!やまもと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and given name \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"綾子[!あやこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" would be referred to as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"山本[!やまもと] 綾子[!あやこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", while in English this would be \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Ayako Yamamoto\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Japanese people do not have middle names and they are not legally recognized in Japan with the exception of foreigners.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Surnames\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Japanese surnames (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"名字[!みょうじ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") are almost exclusively written in kanji. There are a huge number of surnames in Japan, with some dictionaries containing over \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"138,500\"\n }), \" surnames. The typical Japanese surname consists of two kanji, but single and multi-kanji surnames exist. Examples include: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"日紫鬼[!ひしき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"鈴木[!すずき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"原[!はら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"所[!ところ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Most surnames have a single reading, but some have multiple.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Traditional forms of characters may be used in some surnames, rather than the modern simplified forms.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"鈴木[すずき]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Simplified\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"鐸木[すずき]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Traditional\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Given names\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Given names (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"名前[!なまえ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") are written in kanji the vast majority of the time, though they can be written in hiragana or katakana as well, which happens most commonly for female names.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"鈴木[すずき] れいな\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Suzuki Reina\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japan, given names are rarely used when addressing people, except in the case of children. Most of the time, people are referred to by their surname plus an honorific title, such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"さん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"様[!さま]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In Japan, it is common for politicians to use hiragana versions of their names instead of kanji ones. This is due to the voting process in Japanese elections, where voters are required to write the name of the person they want to elect. Since some Japanese citizens may not be proficient in writing kanji characters, using hiragana can reduce the risk of errors. Consequently, politicians often opt for simpler kanji or hiragana versions of their names to make it easier for voters to choose them.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Boy Names\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Names ending in ひこ, such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"勝彦[!かつひこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", すけ, such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"慶介[!けいすけ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or へい, such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"淳平[!じゅんぺい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", tend to be male.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another common male ending is お, written in kanji as 夫, 雄, or 男, as in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"鷹雄[!たかお]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\\nMale names also often contain characters such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"勇\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"brave\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"勝\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"win\"\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"正\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"correct\"\n }), \". Boys may also be named according to a numbering system, with the kanji \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一[!いち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"one\"\n }), \" appearing in the name of the first son, the character for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"二[!に]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"two\"\n }), \" appearing in the second son's name, and so on.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Girl Names\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Names that end in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"美\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (read as え, よ or み) or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"子[!こ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are typically female names.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Due to hiragana having a \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"soft\"\n }), \" feeling, female names are more likely to be written in hiragana than male names.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Names for foreigners are usually written in katakana. For example, Tom Hanks is written as トム・ハンクス.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Because the readings of many names are unclear, forms where you fill in your name usually have a separate row for furigana.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.webp\",\n alt: \"Japanese name entry form\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":15,"title":44,"mod":45,"grammarPoint":46,"grammarPointTitle":47,"grammarPointDescription":48,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":49,"similarGrammarPoints":50,"tags":51,"content":54,"dependentGrammarPoints":55,"language":22},"Using verb stems as nouns",1769140374408,"using-verb-stems-as-nouns","[JLPT N4] | Using Verb Stems as Nouns | Japanese Grammar","There is another usage of verb stems, and that is as nouns. Almost all verb stems can be used as nouns and are listed as such in dictionaries. Since they are nouns, you can freely attach particles, such as は, が, etc., to them.",[],[],[52,21,53],"japanese-jlpt-n4","japanese-stem-form-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Using verb stems as nouns\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Another way to nominalize verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There is another usage of verb stems, and that is as nouns. Almost all verb stems can be used as nouns and are listed as such in dictionaries. Since they are nouns, you can freely attach particles, such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", etc., to them. For example, the stem form of the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"考[かんが,かんがえる]える\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to think\"\n }), \", can be used as the noun \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"考[かんが,かんがえる]え\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"thought\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">泳[およ]ぎ\u003C\u002Fstrong> が 苦手[にがて] だ けど、水遊[みずあそ]び は 大好[だいす]き だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She’s not good at swimming, but she loves playing in the water.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.208-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"世界[せかい] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">終[お,おわる]わり\u003C\u002Fstrong> が 近[ちか,ちかい]い 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The end of the world is near.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.208-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Stems of two verbs with contrastive meanings are also sometimes combined. Some examples of this are \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"やりとり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"give and take, exchange (letters; messages)\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"浮き沈[うきしず]み\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"fluctuations\"\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出し入[だしいれ]れ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"putting in and taking out\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本語[にほんご] は、話[はな,はなす]す の は 比較的[ひかくてき] 易[やさ,やさしい]しい が、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">読み書[よみかき]き\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 難[むずか,むずかしい]しい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It is relatively easy to speak Japanese, but reading and writing are hard.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.208-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":58,"title":59,"mod":60,"grammarPoint":61,"grammarPointTitle":62,"grammarPointDescription":63,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":64,"similarGrammarPoints":65,"tags":69,"content":70,"dependentGrammarPoints":71,"language":22,"similarPoints":72,"prereqPoints":110},20463397959939,"「だ」Declare the state-of-being",1750151482624,"da-declare-something-is","[JLPT N5] だ (da) | Declare Something “Is” | Japanese Grammar","だ combines with nouns and adjectives to declare state-of-being in Japanese—that something “is” something. ",[],[66,67,68],20463397960000,20463397960294,20463397960323,[17,23],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「だ」Declare the state-of-being\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Is, are, to be\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to declare that something is a certain way by attaching it directly to nouns and な-adjectives. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"is\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"are\"\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"医者[いしゃ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Is\u002Fam a doctor. \u003Cbr> Are doctors.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.2-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"自転車[じてんしゃ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Is a bicycle. \u003Cbr> Are bicycles.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.2-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is not always necessary to make these kinds of statements. That is, there are some situations where you can express the existence of something without \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In English you might say: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"There is a dog!\"\n }), \". In Japanese you can say: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"犬[!いぬ] だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"！You could also simply drop the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and say: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"犬[!いぬ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"！to get across more or less the same meaning.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" necessary? Adding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" makes the statement more forceful and emphatic. Additionally, in some grammar constructions, adding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is required.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + だ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"きれい[,綺麗*きれい] だ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + だ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] だ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[73,86,99],{"id":66,"title":74,"mod":75,"grammarPoint":76,"grammarPointTitle":77,"grammarPointDescription":78,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":79,"similarGrammarPoints":81,"tags":82,"content":84,"dependentGrammarPoints":85,"language":22},"「である」Say something \"is\"",1769067481568,"dearu-declare-something-is","[JLPT N3] 「である」(de aru) | Saying Something 'Is' | Japanese Grammar","である is used to say what something is, like だ, but is used in formal writing and can be used in a few grammatical structures that だ can not.",[6,80],20463397959982,[58,67],[83,21],"japanese-jlpt-n3","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTableRowHeader, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「である」Say something \\\"is\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Is, be\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Attached to a noun or a な-adjective \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"be\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"is\"\n }), \". This style is used mostly in formal writing, but can sometimes make its way into formal speech. It is also used in some grammar constructions!\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can only follow nouns and な-adjectives!\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 問題[もんだい] は 複雑[ふくざつ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で ある[,有る*ある]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This problem is complex.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.58-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 医者[いしゃ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で ある[,有る*ある]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He is a doctor.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.58-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Pay attention that in the negative from \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used!\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRow, {\n children: _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 3,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Plain Form\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Nonpast\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Past\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Affirmative\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で あっ[,有る*ある]た\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: 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\"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are both copulas, there are some differences between the two. First, similar to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to connect two nouns, which is not possible with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">の\u003C\u002Fstrong> 武田[!たけだ] さん。\u003Cbr>\\n先生[せんせい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で ある[,有る*ある]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 武田[!たけだ] さん。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A teacher, Takeda-san \u003Cbr> (Literally: Takeda-san that is a teacher)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.58-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Second, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" cannot appear before an expression of uncertainty such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"らしい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かもしれない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"これ[,此れ*これ] は 田中[!たなか] の 書[か,かいた]いた もの[,物*もの] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で ある[,有る*ある]\u003C\u002Fstrong> らしい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This seems to be something Tanaka wrote\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.58-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":67,"title":87,"mod":88,"grammarPoint":89,"grammarPointTitle":90,"grammarPointDescription":91,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":92,"similarGrammarPoints":94,"tags":95,"content":97,"dependentGrammarPoints":98,"language":22},"「です」End a sentence politely",1765882525842,"desu-end-sentence-politely","[JLPT N5] 「です」 (desu) | End a Sentence Politely | Japanese Grammar","Polite speech with です: how to use it with nouns, adjectives, and when it can’t replace だ despite sounding like the polite equivalent.",[93],20463397960293,[],[27,21,96],"japanese-polite-language","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTableRowHeader, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「です」End a sentence politely\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Be, is\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can temporarily consider \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"です\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" the polite version of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which may not be entirely accurate, but can help you to easily get a rough understanding of its meaning.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"です\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the end of any sentence \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"that doesn't end with a verb\"\n }), \" to make it more polite. If a sentence ends with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it is replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"です\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"それ は いい[,良い*いい] アイデア \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">です\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。今週末[こんしゅうまつ] に や[,やる]って み[,見る*みる]ましょう 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That’s a good idea, let’s try it this weekend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.353-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先週[せんしゅう] の 期末[きまつ] テスト は 思[おも,おもう]った より 簡単[かんたん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">でした\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Last week’s test was easy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.353-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the table below, you can see how to change each tense into the polite form using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"です\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and its past form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"でした\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Casual\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Polite\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: 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However, let's look at some cases where this rule breaks down and could lead to errors.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a pretty simple word that can be used to say that something is a certain way.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"そう。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That is so.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"そう だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That is so.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"そう です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That is so.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, they all have the same meaning. Adding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" makes it more declarative and is mostly used by males. It's important to note that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そう です\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the polite version of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and not the polite version of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そう だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\\nLet's take a look at asking a question to make this clearer.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] です か ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Are you a teacher?\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] だ か ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Are you a teacher?\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"先生[せんせい] だ か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is not a valid way to ask someone if they are a teacher. The reason is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" declares something to be a certain way. Declaring someone to be a teacher and then asking if they are one in the same sentence doesn't make any sense. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"先生[せんせい] です か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Are you a teacher?\"\n }), \" , on the other hand, is a perfectly fine way to ask this question. This alone should tell you that they are different.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are also many grammatical constructs that cannot be formed with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"です\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] だ と 思[おも,おもう]います 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think he is a teacher.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] です と 思[おも,おもう]います 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think he is a teacher.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"です\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is only used at the end of a clause, so the second example is incorrect.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another difference is that it's perfectly fine to use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"です\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" after い-adjectives, while using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in the same way is incorrect. You may have noticed this already when looking at the first table of this lesson, as the casual forms of い-adjectives do not have a \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"かわいい[,かわいい] です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Cute.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"かわいい[,かわいい] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Cute.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Hopefully this helps illustrate that they are not interchangeable with the only difference being the level of politeness, and that such an assumption can lead to problems.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":68,"title":100,"mod":101,"grammarPoint":102,"grammarPointTitle":103,"grammarPointDescription":104,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":105,"similarGrammarPoints":106,"tags":107,"content":108,"dependentGrammarPoints":109,"language":22},"「ございます」A polite version of いる・ある",1769250402523,"gozaimasu-something-exists","[JLPT N4] 「ございます」 (gozaimasu) | A Polite Version of いる・ある | Japanese Grammar","Polite alternative to ある and いる, used to show respect. Common in formal speech and set phrases, but rare in everyday conversation.",[],[],[52,21,96],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ございます」A polite version of いる・ある\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"To be, to exist\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The expression \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ござ[,ござる]います\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a polite language expression in Japanese that can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to exist\"\n }), \" and has the same meaning as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In its basic usage, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ござ[,ござる]います\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can replace \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" without differentiating between animate and inanimate objects. The general structure is the same as with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">Entity\u003C\u002Fstrong> が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">Place\u003C\u002Fstrong> に ござ[,ござる]います\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"何[なに] か ご 不明[ふめい] な 点[てん] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ござ[,ござる]います\u003C\u002Fstrong> か ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Do you have any questions?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.382-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] に いい 考[かんが]え が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ござい[,ござる]ます\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I (humbly) have a good idea.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.382-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で ござ[,ござる]います\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a combination of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" plus \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ござ[,ござる]います\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and can replace \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で あり[,有る*ある]ます\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is the polite form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で ある\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the formal version of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"->\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"->\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で あり[,有る*ある]ます\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"->\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で ござ[,ござる]います\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"こちら が 新[あたら,あたらしい]しい メニュー \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で ござ[,ござる]います\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This is the new menu.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.382-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ご 予約[よやく] は 午後[ごご] 七時[しちじ,時*じ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で ござ[,ござる]います\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Your reservation is for 7:00 PM.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.382-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ござる[,ござる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is almost never used in daily conversation in modern Japanese and is usually encountered in historical dramas, manga, and some other forms of media.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This word can also be written as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"御座[ござ,ございます]います\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but is primarily written entirely in kana.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":112,"title":113,"mod":114,"grammarPoint":115,"grammarPointTitle":116,"grammarPointDescription":117,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":118,"similarGrammarPoints":119,"tags":120,"content":121,"dependentGrammarPoints":122,"language":22,"similarPoints":123,"prereqPoints":124},20463397959940,"「じゃない」Declare something is not",1750148937737,"janai-declare-something-not","[JLPT N5] 「じゃない」 (janai) | Declare Something “Is Not” | Japanese Grammar","じゃない combines with nouns and adjectives to say that X is not Y in Japanese. For example, nounじゃない. ",[58],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「じゃない」Declare something is not\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Is not, are not\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a commonly used way to say that something is not something. Or put differently, it is used to express \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"is not \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"are not \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \". It is the negative counterpart of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To negate a noun, simply attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">じゃない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Isn't\u002Fam not a teacher. \u003Cbr> Aren't teachers.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.3-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"猫[ねこ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">じゃない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Isn't\u002Fam not a cat. \u003Cbr> Aren't cats.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.3-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n 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offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003ClinearGradient id=\\\"Diamond_svg__g\\\" x1=\\\"52.269\\\" x2=\\\"80.492\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF0\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".583\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the casual version of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で は ない[,ない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない[,ない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the part that brings the negation. You will see this form used frequently with verbs and adjectives as well. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a contraction of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is how you get the form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"However, even in less casual conversations, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is often used instead of the more formal \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で は ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". To make the usage more formal, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"です\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be added, as in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"犬[いぬ] じゃない です\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"It is not a dog\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[125],{"id":58,"title":59,"mod":60,"grammarPoint":61,"grammarPointTitle":62,"grammarPointDescription":63,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":64,"similarGrammarPoints":65,"tags":126,"content":70,"dependentGrammarPoints":71,"language":22},[21,27],{"id":128,"title":129,"mod":130,"grammarPoint":131,"grammarPointTitle":132,"grammarPointDescription":133,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":134,"similarGrammarPoints":135,"tags":136,"content":142,"dependentGrammarPoints":143,"language":22,"similarPoints":144,"prereqPoints":145},20463397959941,"「が」(1) Mark the subject",1751900745788,"ga-subject-marker","[JLPT N5]「が」(ga) | Mark the Subject of a Sentence | Japanese Particle","が, the subject particle, is used to mark the subject of Japanese sentences—the doer of an action.",[58],[],[23,137,17],{"id":138,"title":139,"description":140,"slug":141,"language":22},"1743674823349","Particles","Lesson teaches something about one of the many particles","japanese-particles","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiList, UiListItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「が」(1) Mark the subject\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is one of the most important particles in Japanese and is used in almost every sentence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"But what exactly are particles?\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Particles indicate the relationships between words in sentences, clarifying the roles of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and phrases. They do not have meaning in isolation but are crucial for sentence structure and nuance. By attaching to a word, each particle provides essential information about the function of that word in the sentence and can signal what might come next. The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", when attached to a place, indicates that some kind of action occurs there. The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", when attached to a place, can show that it's the target of movement. In this way, every particle provides significant information about the role each word plays in a sentence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particles \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are commonly used but have nuanced differences. Mastery of these particles often develops gradually through exposure to the language. This lesson will cover the primary uses of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's begin by looking at three of the fundamental uses of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The most basic usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is to mark the subject of a sentence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The subject of a sentence is the person or thing that:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"performs an action\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"or \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"exhibits a state\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">が\u003C\u002Fstrong> アメリカ人[あめりかじん] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The teacher is an American.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.4-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" marks a word as the subject of the sentence, it is also very frequently used to introduce that subject into the conversation. However, once a subject has already been introduced, it will then usually be marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Just keep this point in mind when you are later interacting with Japanese content so that you can begin to grasp how \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also used with question words like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"who\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"what\"\n }), \". These question words refer to unknown people or things, and similarly to how \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to mark a subject unknown to the listener, it is also used to mark an unknown subject to the speaker when making an inquiry about it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"誰[だれ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">が\u003C\u002Fstrong> 大統領[だいとうりょう] だ ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Who's the president?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.4-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" also often carries the nuance of making a statement about the subject in exclusion to other people or things. For example, look at the following dialogue:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A： 誰[だれ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">が\u003C\u002Fstrong> 大統領[だいとうりょう] だ ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：彼女[かのじょ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">が\u003C\u002Fstrong> 大統領[だいとうりょう] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Who's the president? \u003Cbr> B: She is the president.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.4-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In B's reply, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼女[かのじょ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is marked with the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". In this situation, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is not being used to introduce \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼女[かのじょ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as a new subject. Instead, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is being used to make a statement that only \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"She\"\n }), \" is a\u002Fthe president among others who may be present and relevant to the conversation. That is, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is both being used to specify who the president is and, at the same time, that the other people are not presidents.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, particles are called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"助詞[じょし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + が\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] が\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[125],{"id":147,"title":148,"mod":149,"grammarPoint":150,"grammarPointTitle":151,"grammarPointDescription":152,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":153,"similarGrammarPoints":154,"tags":156,"content":157,"dependentGrammarPoints":158,"language":22,"similarPoints":159,"prereqPoints":171},20463397959942,"「は」Mark the topic",1769135036861,"topic-marker-wa","[JLPT N5]「は」(wa) | Mark the Topic of a Sentence | Japanese Particle","は, the topic particle, is used to mark the topic of Japanese sentences (and several other things). We also briefly cover は vs が.",[6,128],[155],20463397960176,[23,17,137],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「は」Mark the topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"As for X...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a fundamental element of Japanese grammar, primarily used to mark the topic of a sentence. It is often translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"as for\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"regarding\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To grasp the essence of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it is important to first understand what a topic (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"主題[しゅだい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") is. The topic in a sentence can be either single or multiple entities, animate or inanimate. The topic serves as the starting point for the information that follows. A topic is usually information previously established, either from the ongoing conversation, recent context, or general common knowledge.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A topic is already known to the listener and considered \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"old information\"\n }), \". For information to be formally acknowledged as new or specific, the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is typically used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Consider the following example:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"消防士[しょうぼうし] だ。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I am a\u002Fthe firefighter. \u003Cbr> He\u002Fshe is a\u002Fthe firefighter. \u003Cbr> They are (the) firefighters.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.5-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This sentence is a perfectly valid sentence in Japanese, but without context it does not tell us much, as you can probably tell by all the possible translations. By stating our topic, followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", we can express unambiguously what the sentence is about.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">は\u003C\u002Fstrong> 消防士[しょうぼうし] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He is a firefighter.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.5-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now the topic is clearly indicated as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼[かれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"he\"\n }), \". Thus, a Japanese sentence typically follows a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"topic-explanation\"\n }), \" structure, with the topic marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" followed by an explanation. Here, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼[かれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the topic and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"消防士[しょうぼうし] だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"is a firefighter\"\n }), \" is the explanation.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は　+　消防士[しょうぼうし] だ。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Topic + Explanation\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used as a particle, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is pronounced as \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"wa\"\n }), \", not \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ha\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"How は differs from other particles\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a unique particle and differs from \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and other Japanese particles. It can be useful to think of all particles besides \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as Case Particles, with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" belonging to its own Topic Particle category.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Case Particles\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Topic Particle\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"start\",\n columnSpan: 5,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The Topic Particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is unique because it either replaces or combines with one of the Case Particles to mark the topic of a sentence. 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The literal translation of this sentence would be something like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"As for me, it’s ramen\"\n }), \", with a more natural translation being \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I’ll have ramen\"\n }), \", and it’s something that might be said at a restaurant to clarify what you are going to be eating or ordering.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Another common example:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"水[みず] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">は\u003C\u002Fstrong> 太[ふと,ふとる]らない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You won’t put on weight from water. \u003Cbr> (Literally: As for water, don't put on weight.)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.5-6-AIx.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"At first glance a new learner might think that this sentence means that the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"水[みず]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" doesn’t or won’t gain weight. But again, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is simply marking \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"水[みず]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as the topic of the conversation, and is then followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"太[ふと,ふとる]らない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to not gain weight\"\n }), \". Such a sentence might be said in a conversation about low calorie drinks, and how \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"水[みず]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is low in calories and therefore you won't gain weight when drinking it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So if you remember one thing from this lesson, it should be this: \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"All other particles give us a ton of information about the words they're attached to, but は does not.\"\n }), \" Other particles can tell us where an action takes place, what is used to perform an action, who or what the target of an action is, who performes the action, and much more.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"On the other hand:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"は tells us nothing, except that the information that follows is in some way related to the word は is attached to—nothing more, nothing less.\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[160],{"id":155,"title":161,"mod":162,"grammarPoint":163,"grammarPointTitle":164,"grammarPointDescription":165,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":166,"similarGrammarPoints":167,"tags":168,"content":169,"dependentGrammarPoints":170,"language":22},"「って」(1) Introduce a topic colloquially",1769141948162,"tte-introduce-topic-colloquially","[JLPT N3] 「って」 (tte) | Colloquially Introduce a Topic | Japanese Grammar","って can be used to casually bring up a topic or express feelings about something, often like “speaking of...” or “I feel like...” in English.",[147],[147],[83,21,141],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「って」(1) Introduce a topic colloquially\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Speaking of ~\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There is a colloquial way of introducing a topic with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> って\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"speaking of \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"中国[ちゅうごく] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">って\u003C\u002Fstrong> 人口[じんこう] が 一番[いちばん] 多[おお,おおい]い 国[くに] なん だ っけ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"China is the most populous country, right?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.235-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When attached to a noun like this, the meaning is similar to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". 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It is not used to make neutral, descriptive statements.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + って\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる って\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + って\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い って\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + って\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か って\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + って\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] って\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[172,174],{"id":6,"title":7,"mod":8,"grammarPoint":9,"grammarPointTitle":10,"grammarPointDescription":11,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":12,"similarGrammarPoints":13,"tags":173,"content":28,"dependentGrammarPoints":29,"language":22},[21,27],{"id":128,"title":129,"mod":130,"grammarPoint":131,"grammarPointTitle":132,"grammarPointDescription":133,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":134,"similarGrammarPoints":135,"tags":175,"content":142,"dependentGrammarPoints":143,"language":22},[27,141,21],{"id":177,"title":178,"mod":179,"grammarPoint":180,"grammarPointTitle":181,"grammarPointDescription":182,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":183,"similarGrammarPoints":184,"tags":185,"content":186,"dependentGrammarPoints":187,"language":22,"similarPoints":188,"prereqPoints":189},20463397959948,"「も」(1) Express inclusion",1769063506570,"inclusive-particle-mo","[JLPT N5]「も」 (mo) | “Too” or “Also” | Japanese Particle","The particle も is used in inclusive sentences to express the idea of “too” and “also” in Japanese. ",[],[],[23,17,137],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「も」(1) Express inclusion\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Too, also, as well, (not) either\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"also\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"too\"\n }), \" in Japanese. 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});\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":191,"title":192,"mod":193,"grammarPoint":194,"grammarPointTitle":195,"grammarPointDescription":196,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":197,"similarGrammarPoints":198,"tags":199,"content":205,"dependentGrammarPoints":206,"language":22,"similarPoints":207,"prereqPoints":208},20463397959949,"「の」(1) Show possession",1769063513644,"possessive-particle-no","[JLPT N5]「の」(no) | Show Possession or Belonging | Japanese Particle","The particle の is used to show possession in Japanese sentences. Structure → possessorのpossession. ",[],[],[23,17,137,200],{"id":201,"title":202,"description":203,"slug":204,"language":22},"1741861099752","の Series","Lesson teaches the usages of の","japanese-no-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「の」(1) Show possession\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"'s, of, in, for, by, from\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a versatile particle in Japanese with many different functions and its primary function is to link nouns together or indicate possession. 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It's Takamura-san's tank!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.7-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">の\u003C\u002Fstrong> 戦車[せんしゃ] じゃない 。高村[!たかむら] さん \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">の\u003C\u002Fstrong> だ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's not the teacher's tank. It's Takamura-san's!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.7-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here are more uses of the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" structure.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: 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Contrast the following:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友達[ともだち] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">の\u003C\u002Fstrong> プレゼント 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A friend's present.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.7-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友達[ともだち] から \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">の\u003C\u002Fstrong> プレゼント 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A present from a friend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.7-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":14,"title":32,"mod":33,"grammarPoint":34,"grammarPointTitle":35,"grammarPointDescription":36,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":37,"similarGrammarPoints":38,"tags":210,"content":41,"dependentGrammarPoints":42,"language":22,"similarPoints":215,"prereqPoints":216},[17,211],{"id":212,"title":213,"description":214,"slug":40,"language":22},"1741861110039","Name Suffixes","Lesson introduces a name suffix",[],[],{"id":218,"title":219,"mod":220,"grammarPoint":221,"grammarPointTitle":222,"grammarPointDescription":223,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":224,"similarGrammarPoints":225,"tags":229,"content":230,"dependentGrammarPoints":231,"language":22,"similarPoints":232,"prereqPoints":267},20463397959951,"「さん」Refer to someone politely",1744023599938,"san-address-someone-politely","[JLPT N5] 「さん」(san) | Address Someone Politely | Japanese Honorifics","さん is one of the most common Japanese honorific suffixes, and roughly corresponds to English's Mr. or Mrs.",[14],[226,227,228],20463397959952,20463397960007,20463397960311,[23,17,211],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「さん」Refer to someone politely\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"A person's name, but politer\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you have interacted with Japanese media before, you probably have already encountered \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"さん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as a suffix that is attached to names. It is used as a title of respect.\\nTo use it correctly, simply add it to a surname or given name.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"運転士[うんてんし] は 田中[!たなか] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">さん\u003C\u002Fstrong> だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The driver is Mr.\u002FMs.\u002FMrs. Tanaka.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.9-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"吉田[!よしだ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">さん\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 軽自動車[けいじどうしゃ] じゃない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's not Ms.\u002FMrs.\u002FMr. Yoshida's light motor vehicle.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.9-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In addition to being used with names, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"さん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be attached to occupations or titles.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"社長[しゃちょう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">さん\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Company president\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.9-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"弁護士[べんごし] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">さん\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Lawyer\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.9-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + さん\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"加藤[かとう] さん\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[233,244,255],{"id":226,"title":234,"mod":235,"grammarPoint":236,"grammarPointTitle":237,"grammarPointDescription":238,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":239,"similarGrammarPoints":240,"tags":241,"content":242,"dependentGrammarPoints":243,"language":22},"「ちゃん」Refer to someone in a cute way",1750149412132,"chan-address-someone-cutely","[JLPT N5] 「ちゃん」(chan) | Address Someone in a Cute Way | Japanese Honorifics","ちゃん is an endearing\u002Fintimate Japanese honorific suffix and means “little” or “dear”. It is primarily used with women. ",[14],[218,227,228],[27,21,40],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ちゃん」Refer to someone in a cute way\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"A person's name, but cutesy\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちゃん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is one of the many name suffixes in Japanese. All of them carry a different nuance and are used with different people and in different situations. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちゃん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is most often used when referring to children, other people, or animals for which a diminutive makes sense—such as someone's cute dog.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese culture, cuteness is more often attributed to women, so you are more likely to see \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちゃん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" used to address adult women than adult men. However, when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちゃん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to refer to children, particularly young children, the child's gender becomes less of a factor.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is also worth mentioning that the use of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～ ちゃん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with close family members or partners regardless of gender or age also occurs. For example:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お母[おかあ]さん　→　お母[おかあ]ちゃん\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mother → Mommy\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お父[おとう]さん　→　お父[おとう]ちゃん\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Father → Daddy\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お姉[おねえ]さん　→　お姉[おねえ]ちゃん\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Older sister → Big sis\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お兄[おにい]さん　→　お兄[おにい]ちゃん\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Older brother → Big bro\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here are a few examples of how \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちゃん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used in a sentence:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">みゆき ちゃん\u003C\u002Fstrong> と 一緒[いっしょ] に 遊[あそ,あそぶ]び に 行[い,いく]った。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went out to hang out with Miyuki-chan.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.10-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">みゆき ちゃん\u003C\u002Fstrong> が 泣[な,なく]いて いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Miyuki-chan is crying.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.10-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この ヌイグルミ は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">クマ ちゃん\u003C\u002Fstrong> って 名前[なまえ] だ よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This stuffed animal is named Kuma-chan (Little Bear).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.10-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + ちゃん\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"桜[さくら] ちゃん\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":227,"title":245,"mod":246,"grammarPoint":247,"grammarPointTitle":248,"grammarPointDescription":249,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":250,"similarGrammarPoints":251,"tags":252,"content":253,"dependentGrammarPoints":254,"language":22},"「くん」Refer to people lower in rank than you",1769135905882,"kun-address-someone-lower-in-status","[JLPT N4] 「くん」(kun) | Address Someone Below You | Japanese Grammar","くん is a Japanese honorific suffix someone higher in status can use when addressing someone lower in status. It is usually applied to mens' names. ",[14],[],[52,21,40],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「くん」Refer to people lower in rank than you\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is one of those words you may have already picked up through years of consuming copious amounts of anime. If not, let's briefly go over it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"君[くん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be added to a person's first or last name, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"but only if the person is of a lower rank than the speaker\"\n }), \". For example, it wouldn't be appropriate to use it for your teacher if you're a student.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"While it is most commonly used to refer to men, it can also be used for women.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学校[がっこう] で 田中[!たなか] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">くん\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 会[あ,あう]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I met Tanaka-kun at school.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.65-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"次[つぎ] は 山田[!やまだ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">くん\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 番[ばん] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Next, it’s Yamada-kun’s turn.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.65-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When used after a name, it can be written in kanji form, or in hiragana.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"山田[!やまだ] くん・山田[!やまだ] 君[くん]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yamada-kun\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 君\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[たなか] 君[くん]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":228,"title":256,"mod":257,"grammarPoint":258,"grammarPointTitle":259,"grammarPointDescription":260,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":261,"similarGrammarPoints":262,"tags":263,"content":265,"dependentGrammarPoints":266,"language":22},"「さま」Refer to someone politely",1769249726469,"sama-call-someone-politely","[JLPT N1] 「さま」 (sama) | Refer to Someone Politely | Japanese Grammar","Learn how the honorific suffix 様 (さま) adds politeness to names, titles, and phrases in formal settings or respectful expressions like お客様 and お疲れ様.",[],[218,226,227],[264,21,40,96],"japanese-jlpt-n1","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「さま」Refer to someone politely\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Mr., Miss, Ms., Mrs.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"様[さま]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a very polite name-suffix that you may have already heard of.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"However, it is important to note that this suffix is not commonly used in casual conversations. It is typically reserved for very formal situations, such as when a clerk is speaking with a client.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"様[さま]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" simply attach it to a noun.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"俺[おれ] は 、この 国[くに] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">王様[おうさま]\u003C\u002Fstrong> だ ！皆[みな] 、俺[おれ] の 言[い,いう]う 事[こと] を 聞[き,きく]け ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I am the noble king of this country! Listen to what I, the noble one says everyone!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.370-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お父[おとう]さん 、今日[きょう] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">お客様[おきゃくさま]\u003C\u002Fstrong> が 家[いえ] に 来[き,くる]た の よ 。あなた の 親友[しんゆう] の 武[!たけし] さん です よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Dad, today a visitor came to (our) house. It's your close friend, Mr. Takeshi.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.370-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It can also be attached to some actions or states that are related to the listener. The most common one you will hear is probably \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お疲れ様[おつかれさま]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"you must be tired\"\n }), \". Used as a suffix in this form, it makes what is being said more polite. Some other ones are:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">お世話様[おせわさま]\u003C\u002Fstrong> に なり[,なる]ました 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Thank you for all that you've done for me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.370-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">おかげ様[おかげさま]\u003C\u002Fstrong> で 元気[げんき] です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Thanks to you I'm fine. (I'm fine, thank you.)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.370-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As these are all set expression, the best course of action is to learn them as you encounter them in your immersion.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 様\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"王様[おうさま]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[31],{"id":226,"title":234,"mod":235,"grammarPoint":236,"grammarPointTitle":237,"grammarPointDescription":238,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":239,"similarGrammarPoints":240,"tags":269,"content":242,"dependentGrammarPoints":243,"language":22,"similarPoints":270,"prereqPoints":273},[23,17,211],[271,244,255],{"id":218,"title":219,"mod":220,"grammarPoint":221,"grammarPointTitle":222,"grammarPointDescription":223,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":224,"similarGrammarPoints":225,"tags":272,"content":230,"dependentGrammarPoints":231,"language":22},[27,21,40],[31],{"id":275,"title":276,"mod":277,"grammarPoint":278,"grammarPointTitle":279,"grammarPointDescription":280,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":281,"similarGrammarPoints":282,"tags":291,"content":297,"dependentGrammarPoints":298,"language":22,"similarPoints":299,"prereqPoints":387},20463397959953,"「これ」”This\"",1769135036862,"kore-this","[JLPT N5] 「これ」(kore) | “This” in Japanese | Japanese Grammar","これ is the Japanese word for “this”. There are a few “こ-” words, and they all refer to things physically close to the speaker. ",[],[283,284,285,286,287,288,289,290],20463397959954,20463397959955,20463397959968,20463397959970,20463397960004,20463397960161,20463397960162,20463397960324,[23,17,292],{"id":293,"title":294,"description":295,"slug":296,"language":22},"1741861072554","こそあど Series","Lesson teaches about こそあど in some way","japanese-kosoado-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTableRowHeader, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「これ」”This\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"(Refer to something near the speaker)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"これ[,此れ*これ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is one of the four demonstratives \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"これ[,此れ*これ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"this\"\n }), \"、\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それ[,其れ*それ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"that\"\n }), \"、\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あれ[,彼れ*あれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"that over there\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どれ[,何れ*どれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"which\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In English, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"これ[,此れ*これ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"this\"\n }), \". The usage of the three demonstratives \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"これ[,此れ*これ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それ[,其れ*それ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あれ[,彼れ*あれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is determined by the location of the object in relation to the speaker and listener.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"これ[,此れ*これ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used when the object in question is near the speaker or when it is near both the speaker and the listener.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">これ\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 私[わたし] の 本[ほん] です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This is my book.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.11-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">これ\u003C\u002Fstrong>、すご[,すごい]く おいしい[,美味しい*おいしい] よ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This is really delicious!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.11-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Try to make a mental note of こ being associated with something close, as this pattern is used again with other words.\\nAll demonstratives in Japanese can also be written in kanji form, but are almost never written that way.\\nIf you are curious what they would look like, here is a small table:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...れ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...(そ)こ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...の\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...ちら\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"こ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此れ[!これ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此処[!ここ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此の[!この]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此方[!こちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"そ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其れ[!それ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其処[!そこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其の[!その]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其方[!そちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"あ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼れ[!あれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼処[!あそこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼の[!あの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼方[!あちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ど...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何れ[!どれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何処[!どこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何の[!どの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何方[!どちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, demonstratives like this are called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"指示語[しじご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[300,311,321,332,343,354,365,376],{"id":283,"title":301,"mod":302,"grammarPoint":303,"grammarPointTitle":304,"grammarPointDescription":305,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":306,"similarGrammarPoints":307,"tags":308,"content":309,"dependentGrammarPoints":310,"language":22},"「それ」”That\"",1769135036863,"sore-that","[JLPT N5] 「それ」(sore) | “That” in Japanese | Japanese Grammar","それ is the Japanese word for “that”. There are a few “そ-” words, and they all refer to things physically closer to the listener than the speaker. ",[],[275,284,285,286,287,288,289,290],[27,21,296],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTableRowHeader, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「それ」”That\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"(Refer to something near the listener)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それ[,其れ*それ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is one of the four demonstratives \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"これ[,此れ*これ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"this\"\n }), \"、\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それ[,其れ*それ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"that\"\n }), \"、\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あれ[,彼れ*あれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"that over there\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どれ[,何れ*どれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"which\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Unlike \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"これ[,此れ*これ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is used when the object in question is near the speaker or both the speaker and listener, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それ[,其れ*それ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used when the object is closer to the listener or belongs to the listener (such as when they are using it or borrowing it).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">それ\u003C\u002Fstrong> は あなた の カバン です か ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Is that your bag?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.12-1.AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">それ\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 山田[!やまだ] さん の 古[ふる,ふるい]い 車[くるま] なん です よ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That is Yamada-san's old car!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.12-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Try to make a mental note of そ being associated with something a bit away or close to the listener, as this pattern is used again with other words.\\nIf you are curious about how the demonstratives in Japanese are written in kanji, here is a small table:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...れ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...(そ)こ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...の\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...ちら\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"こ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此れ[!これ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此処[!ここ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此の[!この]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此方[!こちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"そ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其れ[!それ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其処[!そこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其の[!その]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其方[!そちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"あ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼れ[!あれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼処[!あそこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼の[!あの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼方[!あちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ど...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何れ[!どれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何処[!どこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何の[!どの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何方[!どちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, demonstratives like this are called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"指示語[しじご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":284,"title":312,"mod":302,"grammarPoint":313,"grammarPointTitle":314,"grammarPointDescription":315,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":316,"similarGrammarPoints":317,"tags":318,"content":319,"dependentGrammarPoints":320,"language":22},"「あれ」\"That over there\"","are-that-over-there","[JLPT N5] 「あれ」(are) | “That Over There” in Japanese | Japanese Grammar","あれ translates roughly to “that over there”. It refers to something that is far away from both the speaker and the listener in a conversation. ",[],[275,283,285,286,287,288,289,290],[21,27,296],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTableRowHeader, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「あれ」\\\"That over there\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"(Refer to something far from both the speaker and the listener)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あれ[,彼れ*あれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is one of the four demonstratives \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"これ[,此れ*これ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"this\"\n }), \"、\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それ[,其れ*それ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"that\"\n }), \"、\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あれ[,彼れ*あれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"that over there\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どれ[,何れ*どれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"which\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あれ[,彼れ*あれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used when the object in question is neither near the speaker nor the listener. In English, it can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that\"\n }), \", but with the additional meaning of 'over there'.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あれ\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 私[わたし] の カバン です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That is my bag.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.13-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あれ\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 何[なん] です か ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What is that?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.13-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あれ\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 彼[かれ] の 家[いえ] です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That over there is his house.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.13-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Try to make a mental note of あ being associated with something far away from both the listener and the speaker, as this pattern is used again with other words.\\nIf you are curious about how the demonstratives in Japanese are written in kanji, here is a small table:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...れ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...(そ)こ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...の\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...ちら\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"こ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此れ[!これ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此処[!ここ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此の[!この]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此方[!こちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"そ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其れ[!それ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其処[!そこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其の[!その]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其方[!そちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"あ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼れ[!あれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼処[!あそこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼の[!あの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼方[!あちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ど...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何れ[!どれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何処[!どこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何の[!どの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何方[!どちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, demonstratives like this are called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"指示語[しじご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":285,"title":322,"mod":323,"grammarPoint":324,"grammarPointTitle":325,"grammarPointDescription":326,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":327,"similarGrammarPoints":328,"tags":329,"content":330,"dependentGrammarPoints":331,"language":22},"「ここ・そこ・あそこ」\"Here, there and over there\"",1769135147344,"koko-soko-asoko","[JLPT N5] 「ここ・そこ・あそこ」| Here, There, and Over There | Japanese Grammar","The words ここ, そこ, and あそこ translate to here, there, and over there. Thankfully, there's nothing tricky about these Japanese words!",[],[287,290],[27,21,296],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTableRowHeader, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ここ・そこ・あそこ」\\\"Here, there and over there\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ここ[,此処*ここ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そこ[,其処*そこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あそこ[,彼処*あそこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are words used to refer to places with the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"here\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"there\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"over there\"\n }), \", respectively.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ここ[,此処*ここ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" refers to a place close to the speaker or where the speaker is.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ここ\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 田中[!たなか] さん の 高[たか,たかい]い 車[くるま] が ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tanaka’s expensive car is here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.26-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ここ\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 会社[かいしゃ] の 駐車場[ちゅうしゃじょう] だ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This is the company parking lot!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.26-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そこ[,其処*そこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" refers to a place that is away from the speaker or close to the listener.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">そこ\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 先生[せんせい] の 家[いえ] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That is the teacher’s house.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.26-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">そこ\u003C\u002Fstrong> に あの 有名[ゆうめい] な 歌手[かしゅ] が いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That famous singer is there.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.26-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あそこ[,彼処*あそこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" refers to a place that is further away from both the speaker and the listener.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あそこ\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 弁当[べんとう] は 高[たか,たかい]い けど、けっこう 美味[おい,おいしい]しい です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The bento over there is expensive, but it’s pretty tasty.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.26-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あそこ\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 宝[たから] が ある[,有る*ある] けど、罠[わな] も ある[,有る*ある] から 危険[きけん] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There’s treasure over there, but there are also traps, so it’s dangerous.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.26-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you are curious how the demonstratives in Japanese are written in kanji form, here is an overview.\", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nThey are only rarely written this way, so you don't need to remember these.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...れ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...(そ)こ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...の\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...ちら\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"こ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此れ[!これ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此処[!ここ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此の[!この]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此方[!こちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"そ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其れ[!それ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其処[!そこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其の[!その]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其方[!そちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"あ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼れ[!あれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼処[!あそこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼の[!あの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼方[!あちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ど...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何れ[!どれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何処[!どこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何の[!どの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何方[!どちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":286,"title":333,"mod":334,"grammarPoint":335,"grammarPointTitle":336,"grammarPointDescription":337,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":338,"similarGrammarPoints":339,"tags":340,"content":341,"dependentGrammarPoints":342,"language":22},"「この・その・あの」\"This, that and that over there\"",1769135255098,"kono-sono-ano","[JLPT N5] 「この・その・あの」| This, That, and That Over There in Japanese | Japanese Grammar","この, その, and あの translate to this, that, and that over there. Whereas the ~れ words stand alone, these ~の words must attach to a noun: not この, but この本.",[275,283,284],[],[27,21,296],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTableRowHeader, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「この・その・あの」\\\"This, that and that over there\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"この[,此の*この]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"その[,其の*その]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あの[,彼の*あの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are demonstratives similar to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"これ[,此れ*これ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それ[,其れ*それ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あれ[,彼れ*あれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Both sets of demonstratives can be translated to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"this\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that (over there)\"\n }), \", respectively.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The biggest difference between the two is that the former are always directly followed by nouns. Let's take a look at each in action.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この[,此の*この] 車[くるま]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"this car\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"この[,此の*この]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for objects that are close to you, like a pen you are carrying.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">この\u003C\u002Fstrong> 車[くるま] は 高[たか,たかい]い けど、速[はや,はやい]くない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This car is expensive, but it's not fast.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.28-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"その[,其の*その]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for things that are farther away from you or close to the listener.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">その\u003C\u002Fstrong> 犬[いぬ] は かわい[,可愛い*かわいい]くない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That dog is not cute.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.28-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あの[,彼の*あの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for objects that are far away or out of reach.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あの\u003C\u002Fstrong> 人[ひと] は 先生[せんせい] です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That person over there is a teacher.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.28-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あの\u003C\u002Fstrong> 店[みせ] で ラーメン を 食[た,たべる]べた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I ate ramen at that shop over there.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.28-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you are curious how the demonstratives in Japanese are written in kanji form, here is an overview.\", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nThey are only rarely written this way, so you don't need to remember these.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...れ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...(そ)こ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...の\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...ちら\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"こ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此れ[!これ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此処[!ここ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此の[!この]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此方[!こちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"そ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其れ[!それ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其処[!そこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其の[!その]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其方[!そちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"あ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼れ[!あれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼処[!あそこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼の[!あの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼方[!あちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ど...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何れ[!どれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何処[!どこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何の[!どの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何方[!どちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"この・その・あの + Noun\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この[,此の*この] 店[みせ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":287,"title":344,"mod":345,"grammarPoint":346,"grammarPointTitle":347,"grammarPointDescription":348,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":349,"similarGrammarPoints":350,"tags":351,"content":352,"dependentGrammarPoints":353,"language":22},"「こっち・そっち・あっち」\"Here, there and over there\"",1769235831241,"kocchi-socchi-acchi-here-there-over-there","[JLPT N5] 「こっち・そっち・あっち」| \"Here, There, and Over There\" | Japanese Grammar","こっち, そっち, and あっち are contracted forms of こちら, そちら, and あちら. They mean the same thing as ここ, そこ, and あそこ but can also refer to people.",[],[285,290],[27,21,296],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiList, UiListItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTableRowHeader, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「こっち・そっち・あっち」\\\"Here, there and over there\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"From the title of this lesson and the usage of こ・そ・あ, you may have an idea of the topic being covered.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this lesson, we will cover three words: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こっち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そっち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あっち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". These words describe a location and follow the following pattern:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"こ referring to a place near the speaker\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"そ referring to a place near the listener\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"あ referring to a place that is away from both of them.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こっち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" = here\u002Fover here\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"暑[あつ,あつい]い から、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こっち\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 来[き,きて]て 日陰[ひかげ] に 入[はい,はいる]ろう 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It’s hot, so come over here and get in the shade.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.62-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こっち\u003C\u002Fstrong> 見[み,みる]て！虹[にじ] が 出[で,でる]て いる[,居る*いる] よ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Look over here! There’s a rainbow!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.62-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そっち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" = there\u002Fover there (side of the listener)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今[いま] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">そっち\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 向[む,むかう]かって いる[,居る*いる] よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’m heading your way now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.62-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">そっち\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 店[みせ]、まだ 開[あ,あく]いて いる[,居る*いる] ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Is that store near you still open?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.62-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あっち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" = over there\u002Fthat way (away from listener and speaker)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あっち\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 見[み,みえる]える の が 富士山[ふじさん] だ よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That over there is Mt. Fuji.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.62-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"危[あぶ,あぶない]ない から、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あっち\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 行[い,いく]かないで 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don’t go over there — it’s dangerous.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.62-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"These three terms can also be used to refer to people. That is, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こっち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そっち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あっち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" refer to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"y’all\u002Fyou\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"he\u002Fhim\u002Fshe\u002Fher\u002Fthey\u002Fthem\"\n }), \", respectively.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こっち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そっち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あっち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are spoken, more casual versions of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こちら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そちら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あちら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which we cover in a different lesson.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...れ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...(そ)こ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...の\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...ちら\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"こ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此れ[!これ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此処[!ここ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此の[!この]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此方[!こちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"そ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其れ[!それ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其処[!そこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其の[!その]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其方[!そちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"あ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼れ[!あれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼処[!あそこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼の[!あの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼方[!あちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ど...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何れ[!どれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何処[!どこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何の[!どの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何方[!どちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":288,"title":355,"mod":356,"grammarPoint":357,"grammarPointTitle":358,"grammarPointDescription":359,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":360,"similarGrammarPoints":361,"tags":362,"content":363,"dependentGrammarPoints":364,"language":22},"「こんな・そんな・あんな」This and that kind of thing",1769140950142,"konna-sonna-anna-this-that-kind-thing","[JLPT N5] 「こんな・そんな・あんな」 (kona・sona・ana) | \"This Kind of Thing\" and \"That Kind of Thing\" | Japanese Grammar","In Japanese, こんな、そんな and あんな can be translated as \"this kind of,\" \"that kind of,\" and \"that sort of,\" respectively. But to really understand how they are used, we have to dig a few layers deeper.",[],[],[27,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「こんな・そんな・あんな」This and that kind of thing\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"This sort of, this kind of, such, that sort of, that kind of\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こんな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"、\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そんな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あんな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"this kind of\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that kind of\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that sort of\"\n }), \", respectively. But to really understand how they are used, we have to dig a few layers deeper.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When deciding which of these three words to use, the physical or temporal distance of something to the speaker plays a crucial role. This may be familiar from previous lessons on words in the こそあ(ど) group.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こんな\u003C\u002Fstrong> 場所[ばしょ] に カフェ が ある[,有る*ある] なんて 知[し,しる]らなかった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I didn’t know there was a café in this place. \u003Cbr> [physically close to you]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.220-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こんな\u003C\u002Fstrong> 寒[さむ,さむい]い 中[なか] 、君[きみ] が 訪[たず,たずねる]ねて 来[き,くる]て くれ[,くれる]て 嬉[うれ,うれしい]しい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I am) glad you came to visit in the middle of cold (weather) such as this. \u003Cbr> [something that happened recently]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.220-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：早[はや,はやい]く 飲[の,のむ]む ん だ ！\u003Cbr>\\nB：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">そんな\u003C\u002Fstrong> 事[こと] 言[い,いう]わないで ～。この お茶[おちゃ] 飲[の,のむ]む に は 少[すこ]し 熱[あつ,あつい] すぎ[,過ぎる*すぎる]る 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Drink (it) quickly! \u003Cbr> B: Don't say that kind of thing~. This tea is a little too hot to drink. \u003Cbr> [reacting to what someone has just said]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.220-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あの[,彼の*あの] 人[ひと] 、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あんな\u003C\u002Fstrong> 所[ところ] で 一体[いったい] 何[なに] し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] ん だ ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What the heck is that person doing in that sort of place? \u003Cbr> [physically far away from you]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.220-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"These words' usage can also involve the speaker's emotions, whether positive or negative.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こんな\u003C\u002Fstrong> 汚[きたな,きたない]くて 破[やぶ,やぶれる]れた 服[ふく] 着[き,きる]てる の ！？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(You're) wearing this kind of dirty, filthed up clothes? \u003Cbr> [disgust]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.220-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：お前[おまえ] の 屁[へ] は 臭[くさ,くさい]い ！\u003Cbr>\\nB：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">そんな\u003C\u002Fstrong> 事[こと] 言[い,いう]わなくて も いい[,良い*いい] じゃない ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Your farts stink! \u003Cbr> B: (You) don't have to say that kind of thing! \u003Cbr> [surprise, disgust, disappointment]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.220-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あんな\u003C\u002Fstrong> 息子[むすこ] で も 父[とう]さん 達[たち] と 一緒[いっしょ] に 行[い,いく]ったら 、何[なに] か に 役立[やくだ,やくだつ]つ はず だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even a son like that would be of some use if he went with the dads. \u003Cbr> [disappointment]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.220-7-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see in the first example, there can still be an adjective between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こんな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"・\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そんな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"・\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あんな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and a noun that follows. The word being modified is still the noun!\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こんな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used to refer to yourself or something that belongs to you in a humble way.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こんな\u003C\u002Fstrong> 私[わたし] で も 役に立[やくにた,やくにたつ]て て[,居る*いる] よ[,良い*いい]かった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I am glad that I was able to help even though I am like this. \u003Cbr> [Implying: Even though I am useless]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.220-8-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"こんな・そんな・あんな + Noun\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"こんな 中[なか]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":289,"title":366,"mod":367,"grammarPoint":368,"grammarPointTitle":369,"grammarPointDescription":370,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":371,"similarGrammarPoints":372,"tags":373,"content":374,"dependentGrammarPoints":375,"language":22},"「こんなに・そんなに・あんなに」Emphasize verbs and adjectives",1765768911282,"konnani-sonnani-annani-emphasize-verbs-adjectives","[JLPT N3] 「こんなに・そんなに・あんなに」 (konnani・sonnani・annani) | Emphasize Verbs and Adjectives | Japanese Grammar","こんなに, あんなに and そんなに can be used to express \"like this,\" \"like that\" or \"like that (far away).\" Depending on the physical or temporal distance, you have to decide which one to use.",[288],[],[83,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「こんなに・そんなに・あんなに」Emphasize verbs and adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"So, like this, so much, like that\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そんな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こんな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あんな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to directly modify the verb and adjective that follows. Again, this usage depends on the distance of something to you, or whose actions are being referred to.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When discussing \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"one's own actions or feelings\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こんなに\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こんな に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 嬉[うれ,うれしい]しい 気持[きも]ち に なっ[,成る*なる]た の は 久[ひさ]しぶり だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It’s been a long time since I felt this happy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.221-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こんな に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 汚[きたな,きたない]い 服[ふく] を 着[き,きる]て 外[そと] に 出[で,でる]たくない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don’t want to go outside wearing clothes this dirty.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.221-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When you are talking to a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"person about their actions or feelings\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そんなに\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">そんなに\u003C\u002Fstrong> 嫌[いや] なら 食[た,たべる]べなくて も いい よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If (you) don't like it to that extent, then it's ok not to eat it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.221-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you are talking \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"about a third person\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"your own past actions\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あんなに\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あんなに\u003C\u002Fstrong> いっぱい 食[た,たべる]べる 人[ひと] は 見[み,みる]た こと が ない[,ない] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I)'ve never seen a person who eats that much. \u003Cbr> (Literally: a lot in that way)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.221-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"こんなに・そんなに・あんなに + Verb\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あんなに 食[た,たべる]べれる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"こんなに・そんなに・あんなに + I-Adjective\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"こんなに 汚[きたな,きたない]い\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"こんなに・そんなに・あんなに + Na-Adjective\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"こんなに 好[す]き\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":290,"title":377,"mod":378,"grammarPoint":379,"grammarPointTitle":380,"grammarPointDescription":381,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":382,"similarGrammarPoints":383,"tags":384,"content":385,"dependentGrammarPoints":386,"language":22},"「こちら・そちら・あちら・どちら」Politely Refer to places and people",1769250481022,"kochira-sochira-achira-dochira-refer-places-people","[JLPT N4] 「こちら・そちら・あちら・どちら」 (kochira・sochira・achira・dochira) | Politely Refer to Places and People | Japanese Grammar","Learn how polite forms like こちら, そちら, あちら, and どちら refer to places or people based on proximity, and even mean \"I,\" \"you,\" or \"who\" in formal speech.",[],[287],[27,21,96],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTableRowHeader, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「こちら・そちら・あちら・どちら」Politely Refer to places and people\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Here, there, over there, where, I, you, that person, who\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Maybe you already know \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こっち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そっち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あっち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どっち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as ways to express \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"here\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"there\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"over there\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"where\"\n }), \". The more polite equivalents are \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こちら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そちら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あちら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どちら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". These words can be used not only to indicate location but also to refer to people.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As a reminder, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こちら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is for places close to the speaker, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そちら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", for those away from the speaker but close to the listener, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あちら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", for those far from both, and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どちら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is to inquire about a location.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こちら\u003C\u002Fstrong> を まっすぐ 行[い,いく]って ください 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please go straight this way.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.383-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">そちら\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 道[みち] は 工事[こうじ] 中[じゅう] な ので、別[べつ] の 道[むち] を 使[つか,つかう]いましょう 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That road over there is under construction, so let’s use another one.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.383-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あちら\u003C\u002Fstrong> を 右[みぎ] に 行[い,いく]く と、駅[えき] が あ[,有る*ある]ります 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you go right over there, there’s a station.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.383-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：昨日[きのう] の 夜[よる] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どちら\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 居[お,おる]られました 。\u003Cbr>\\nＢ：昨日[きのう] は 、家[いえ] で テレビ を 見[み,みる]て い[,いる]ました 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: (May I ask) where were (you) last night? \u003Cbr> B: I was watching TV at home yesterday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.383-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As mentioned earlier, these words can also be used to refer to people.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こちら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to refer to oneself with the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"me\"\n }), \", but also to a person close to the speaker who is of equal or higher status with the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"this person\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こちら\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 、鈴木[!すずき] 君[くん] の 奥[おく]さん だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This is Mr. Suzuki's wife.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.383-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そちら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to refer to the listener with the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"you\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"your family\"\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"your company\"\n }), \", but also to a person close to the listener with the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that person\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">そちら\u003C\u002Fstrong> 様[さま] の お 名前[なまえ] を 確認[かくにん] させ[,させる]て いただ[,いただく]きます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let me confirm your name.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.383-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あちら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to refer to a person who is away from the speaker and the listener, but also to a person who is not present but known to the speaker and the listener. The meaning here is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that person\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あちら\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 方[かた] は 、この 会社[かいしゃ] の 社長[しゃちょう] です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That person over there is the president of this company.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.383-7-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In keeping with the theme, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どちら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"who\"\n }), \" as in \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Who are you\u002Fis this?\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：あちら さん は 、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どちら\u003C\u002Fstrong> 様[さま] です か ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：私[わたし] の 旦那[だんな] です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: (May I humbly ask) who that person over there is? \u003Cbr> B: (He) is my husband.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.383-8-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"If you are curious how these demonstratives are written in kanji form, here is a small table. As they are rarely used in this form, you don't need to worry about memorizing them.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...れ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...(そ)こ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...の\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...ちら\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"こ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此れ[!これ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此処[!ここ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此の[!この]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此方[!こちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"そ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其れ[!それ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其処[!そこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其の[!その]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其方[!そちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"あ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼れ[!あれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼処[!あそこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼の[!あの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼方[!あちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ど...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何れ[!どれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何処[!どこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何の[!どの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何方[!どちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":283,"title":301,"mod":302,"grammarPoint":303,"grammarPointTitle":304,"grammarPointDescription":305,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":306,"similarGrammarPoints":307,"tags":389,"content":309,"dependentGrammarPoints":310,"language":22,"similarPoints":390,"prereqPoints":393},[23,17,292],[391,311,321,332,343,354,365,376],{"id":275,"title":276,"mod":277,"grammarPoint":278,"grammarPointTitle":279,"grammarPointDescription":280,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":281,"similarGrammarPoints":282,"tags":392,"content":297,"dependentGrammarPoints":298,"language":22},[27,21,296],[],{"id":284,"title":312,"mod":302,"grammarPoint":313,"grammarPointTitle":314,"grammarPointDescription":315,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":316,"similarGrammarPoints":317,"tags":395,"content":319,"dependentGrammarPoints":320,"language":22,"similarPoints":396,"prereqPoints":397},[17,23,292],[391,300,321,332,343,354,365,376],[],{"id":399,"title":400,"mod":401,"grammarPoint":402,"grammarPointTitle":403,"grammarPointDescription":404,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":405,"similarGrammarPoints":406,"tags":407,"content":413,"dependentGrammarPoints":414,"language":22,"similarPoints":415,"prereqPoints":427},20463397959956,"Introduction to い adjectives",1769065097411,"i-adjective-basics","[JLPT N5] い-Adjective Basics | Japanese Grammar","い-adjectives all end in い and can either come directly before a noun (高い山) or after a noun+particle combination (映画は面白い). ",[],[80],[23,17,408],{"id":409,"title":410,"description":411,"slug":412,"language":22},"1741861046639","Adjectives","Lesson teaches about adjectives in some way","japanese-adjectives","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Introduction to い adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Describe nouns\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If we want to describe nouns more closely, we use adjectives. \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"There are two types of adjectives in Japanese:\"\n }), \" い-adjectives and na-adjectives.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"い-adjectives are easy to recognize because they always end in the Hiragana character い.\\nSurprising, I know.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To use い-adjectives, you simply attach them in front of the noun you want to describe.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"富士山[ふじさん] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">高[たか,たかい]い\u003C\u002Fstrong> 山[やま] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mount Fuji is a tall mountain.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.14-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Besides appearing in front of the noun they modify, い-adjectives can also be used at the end of a sentence. It is important to note, however, that they \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"cannot\"\n }), \" be followed by だ.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A common structure in such cases is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", where \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is the subject being described, and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" is the い-adjective.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 映画[えいが] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]い\u003C\u002Fstrong> ね 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This movie is interesting, isn't it?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.14-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Be careful, however, as a few na-adjectives also end in い when written in Hiragana. The two most common ones are \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"きれい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"beautiful\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"きらい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"dislike\"\n }), \". If you remember these two, you should be fine.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"We sometimes talk about the い-adjective stem. This refers to the part of the い-adjective that remains after removing the い. For example, the stem of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"うつくしい[,うつくしい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is うつくし.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, い-adjectives are called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"形容詞[けいようし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + Noun\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"うつくしい[,うつくしい] 人[ひと]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[416],{"id":80,"title":417,"mod":418,"grammarPoint":419,"grammarPointTitle":420,"grammarPointDescription":421,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":422,"similarGrammarPoints":423,"tags":424,"content":425,"dependentGrammarPoints":426,"language":22},"Introduction to な adjectives",1769135581122,"na-adjectives-basics","[JLPT N5] な-Adjective Basics | Japanese Grammar","Whereas い-adjectives can connect directly to a noun, な-adjectives require な to come between the adjective and noun. Here's how they work!",[],[399],[27,21,412],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Introduction to な adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Japanese's 2nd type of adjective\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Besides い-adjectives, な-adjectives are another way to more closely describe nouns.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"な-adjectives often act like nouns, making many rules that apply to nouns also applicable to な-adjectives. You'll learn more about such cases in the next lesson.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"While い-adjectives are called that because they all end in い, this is not the case for な-adjectives!\", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nThey are called な-adjectives because they use な to connect to nouns!\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"both are used to describe nouns\"\n }), \"; the way they connect with nouns is just different:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"い-adjectives simply get attached to nouns (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"明[あか,あかるい]るい 人[ひと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"cheerful person\"\n }), \").\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"な-adjectives connect to nouns by inserting a な between them (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"綺麗[!きれい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">な\u003C\u002Fstrong> 人[ひと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"beautiful person\"\n }), \").\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Another important thing to note is that there are a small number of な-adjectives that end in an い, which might lead to you confusing them with い-adjectives. But out of those, only two are really of concern here as they are the most frequently used:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"綺麗[!きれい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"beautiful\"\n }), \" cannot be confused with an い-adjective in its kanji form, but since both kanji are rather rare, it is also often written in hiragana, as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"きれい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". In this form one might confuse it with an い-adjective, but it is not, so be careful.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"嫌[!きら]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"dislike\"\n }), \" is the second one, even in kanji form it is written with an い at the end, but it is a な-adjective.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Using a な-adjective to describe a noun is straightforward: simply attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the adjective and place it before the noun in question.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"きれい　+　な　+　人[ひと]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A beautiful person\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"These adjectives are called な-adjectives because they use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to combine with nouns. Duh.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">きれい[,綺麗*きれい] な\u003C\u002Fstrong> 字[じ] を 書[か,かく]く 練習[れんしゅう] を 毎日[まいにち] し[,為る*する]て い[,居る*いる]ます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I practice writing neat (beautiful) characters every day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.40-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">静[しず]か な\u003C\u002Fstrong> 図書館[としょかん] で 勉強[べんきょう] する[,為る*する] と、集中[しゅうちゅう] し[,為る*する] やすい[,易い*やすい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It’s easy to concentrate when you study in a quiet library.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.40--AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"な-adjectives can also be used at the end of a sentence. When placed at the end, they are often followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 料理[りょうり] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">下手[へた]\u003C\u002Fstrong> だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’m bad at cooking.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.40-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is important to note that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"大き[おおき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"小さ[ちいさ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are exceptions that must be followed by a noun. They \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"cannot\"\n }), \" be used like other な-adjectives followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This is because both originated from the い-adjectives \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"大きい[おおきい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"小さい[ちいさい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この[,此の*この] 犬[いぬ] は、小さ[ちいさ] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This dog is small.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"小さ[ちいさ] な 犬[いぬ] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It is a small dog\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For anyone who's curious, these are called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"連体詞[!れんたいし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"pre-noun adjectivals\"\n }), \". Basically, these are words that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"function like adjectives, but always come directly before a noun\"\n }), \" and cannot be used at the end of a sentence. But seriously, don’t worry about remembering that.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, な-adjectives are called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"形容動詞[けいようどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or more precisely, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ナリ活用[なりかつよう] 形容動詞[けいようどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" .\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: 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stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"What is written below is extremely advanced information that even many high level learners do not know! If you like linguistics and want to know, read on, but this is in no way necessary for you to understand and get good at Japanese.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Many people think that な-adjectives are just nouns that take a \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but this is incorrect. Let's go over why.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here are a few examples of adjectives that people would sometimes call な-adjectives.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"おろか\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"foolish\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静か[しずか]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"quiet\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"堂々[どうどう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"magnificent\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"悠々[ゆうゆう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"calm\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"None of these adjectives qualify as nouns because they do not operate as nouns. Consequently, phrases like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"「この 堂々[どうどう] を 説明[せつめい] する[,為る*する]」\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"「静か[しずか] を 心掛[こころが,こころがける]ける 」\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are not grammatically correct. To transform them into nouns, you first need to divide them into two subgroups: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ナリ活用[なりかつよう] 形容動詞[けいようどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"タリ活用[たりかつよう] 形容動詞[けいようどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Among the four examples provided, only the first two belong to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ナリ活用[なりかつよう] 形容動詞[けいようどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", while the last two fall under \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"タリ活用[たりかつよう] 形容動詞[けいようどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Only the former can be converted into nouns, and it is these that are referred to as な-adjectives. This classification is based on their ability to conjugate with a \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"連体形[れんたいけい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"attributive form\"\n }), \", the form used to describe noun-like entities.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静か[しずか] な 場所[ばしょ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A quiet place\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"おろか な 人[ひと]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A foolish person\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The nouns derived from these two examples are \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"静かさ[しずかさ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"quietness\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おろかさ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"foolishness\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Conversely, the other two are not な-adjectives as they do not take a \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"連体形[れんたいけい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"attributive form\"\n }), \" but rather \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and therefore the following form is incorrect:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"堂々[どうどう] な 撤廃者[てっぱいしゃ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"grand abolisher\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The correct form of the above would be:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"堂々[どうどう] たる 撤廃者[てっぱいしゃ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"grand abolisher\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Alternatively, you can transform them into \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"連用形[れんようけい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"continuative form\"\n }), \", add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and combine with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"した\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to create the following form in modern Japanese.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"堂々[どうどう] とした 撤廃者[てっぱいしゃ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"grand abolisher\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":429,"title":430,"mod":431,"grammarPoint":432,"grammarPointTitle":433,"grammarPointDescription":434,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":435,"similarGrammarPoints":436,"tags":438,"content":439,"dependentGrammarPoints":440,"language":22,"similarPoints":441,"prereqPoints":453},20463397959957,"The negative form of い adjectives",1769065102343,"i-adjective-negation","[JLPT N5] Negating い-Adjectives | Japanese Grammar","To make the negative form of an い-adjective, simply replace い with くない. For example, 速い→速くない. ",[399],[437],20463397959983,[23,17,408],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The negative form of い adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Negative descriptor\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The negative form of い-adjectives can be used to express that something does not have a certain quality.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To form the negative of an い-adjectives, simply remove the い and add くない. That's it!\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"速[はや,はやい]い　→　速[はや,はやい]くない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Fast → not fast\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There is one exception to this rule: the い-adjective \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いい[,良い*いい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"good\"\n }), \". In its negative form, it does not conjugate to いくない, but to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よく[,良い*いい]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This is because the origin of the word was \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よい[,良い*よい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"good\"\n }), \", which changed over time to also be read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いい[,良い*いい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". All conjugations are still based on the original form.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"良い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can therefore be read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いい[,良い*いい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よい[,良い*よい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"い-adjectives can appear at the end of a sentence, often in the pattern \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", where \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is the noun being described and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" is the い-adjective.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あの お店[おみせ] で 買[か,かう]った ケーキ は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">甘[あま,あまい]くない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The cake I bought in that store isn't sweet.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.15-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Just like their dictionary form, negative い-adjectives can also be placed in front of the nouns they describe.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">美味[おい,おいしい]しくない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 晩ご飯[ばんごはん] は 食[た,たべる]べない です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't eat a dinner that isn't delicious.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.15-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The い-adjectives stem refers to the part of the い-adjectives that remains after removing the い. For example, the stem of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"うつくしい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is うつくし.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjectives-Stem + くない\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"おいしくない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[442],{"id":437,"title":443,"mod":444,"grammarPoint":445,"grammarPointTitle":446,"grammarPointDescription":447,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":448,"similarGrammarPoints":449,"tags":450,"content":451,"dependentGrammarPoints":452,"language":22},"The negative form of な adjectives",1769135581123,"na-adjectives-negation","[JLPT N5] Negating な-Adjectives | Japanese Grammar","To turn a な-adjective into a negative な-adjective, simply replace な with じゃない. For example, きれいな becomes きれいじゃない.",[80],[429],[27,21,412],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The negative form of な adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As mentioned in the introductory lesson to な-adjectives, a lot of the \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"conjugation\"\n }), \" rules that apply to nouns apply to な-adjectives as well. We can use this knowledge to easily remember how to turn な-adjectives into their negative form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To negate な-adjectives, simply add the expression \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the adjective. Notice that this is the same pattern used to negate \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"きれい な 人[ひと]　→　きれい じゃない 人[ひと]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Beautiful person → Not beautiful person\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 歌[うた]、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">嫌[いや] じゃない\u003C\u002Fstrong> けど、毎日[まいにち] 聴[き,きく]く ほど で も ない[,ない] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This song isn’t bad, but it’s not something I’d listen to every day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.41-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本語[にほんご] の 習得[しゅうとく] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">楽[らく] じゃない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mastering Japanese isn’t easy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.41-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The な-adjective \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"大丈夫[だいじょうぶ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"all right\"\n }), \" is normally negated, like any other な-adjective, by just adding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". But there is also a frequently used slang version of this negation. Instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"大丈夫[だいじょうぶ] じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だいじょうばない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This comes from the fact that verbs that end in ぶ, like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛ぶ[とぶ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"fly\"\n }), \", turn into \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛ばない[とばない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in negative form. This change from ぶ to ば is then applied to the ぶ of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だいじょうぶ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and therefore turns its negative form to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だいじょうばない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-adjective + じゃない + Noun\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"きれい じゃない 人[ひと]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[454],{"id":399,"title":400,"mod":401,"grammarPoint":402,"grammarPointTitle":403,"grammarPointDescription":404,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":405,"similarGrammarPoints":406,"tags":455,"content":413,"dependentGrammarPoints":414,"language":22},[27,21,412],{"id":457,"title":458,"mod":459,"grammarPoint":460,"grammarPointTitle":461,"grammarPointDescription":462,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":463,"similarGrammarPoints":464,"tags":467,"content":473,"dependentGrammarPoints":474,"language":22,"similarPoints":475,"prereqPoints":498},20463397959958,"Introduction to う verbs",1769065123726,"u-verbs","[JLPT N5] U-Verbs | Japanese Grammar","う-verbs, one of Japanese's three types of verbs, are verbs that end with -す、-く、-ぐ、-ぶ、-つ、-む、-う or -ぬ. Here's how they work!",[],[465,466],20463397959959,20463397959960,[23,17,468],{"id":469,"title":470,"description":471,"slug":472,"language":22},"1741860841126","Verbs","Lesson teaches about verbs in some way","japanese-verbs","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiAudioTap, UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiAudioTap) _missingMdxReference(\"UiAudioTap\", true);\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Introduction to う verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Convey a habitual or future action\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Japanese verbs play a crucial role in the structure of sentences, conveying actions, states, or occurrences. Unlike many Indo-European languages, such as English, French, or Spanish, Japanese verbs exhibit unique characteristics in terms of \\\"conjugation\\\" and structure.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"conjugation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In Japanese, verbs do not change their forms based on the subject's person (I, you, he\u002Fshe, etc.) or number (singular or plural) as extensively as in many other languages. For example, in English:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"He go\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"es\"\n }), \" home.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"We go home.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Instead, the same few verb conjugations are used over and over, while the particles and context ultimately convey the nuanced information about the subject. This lack of subject-verb agreement simplifies verb conjugation in Japanese.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">泳[およ,およぐ]ぐ\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I swim. \u003Cbr> I will swim. \u003Cbr> (When telling others what you will do)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.16-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As you can see in this sentence, one of the important fundamentals of Japanese is that verbs appear at the end of a clause.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a predicate that forms a part of a complex sentence. The sentence \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"When it rained they went inside\"\n }), \" consists of two clauses: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"when it rained\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"they went inside.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"And for those asking \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what the heck is a predicate?\"\n }), \", a predicate is simply part of a sentence or clause that states something about the subject. In the sentence \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"The dog sat on the grass\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"sat on the grass\"\n }), \" is the predicate.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"tense\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Verbs in Japanese are a bit different from verbs in, say, English. Japanese does not have a dedicated future tense, and all verbs in their dictionary form can express an action, a habitual action, or the future tense!\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As is so often the case, the context is the key factor that points to an intended meaning.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">書[か,かく]く\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He writes. \u003Cbr> He will write.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.16-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To make our lives easier when it comes to conjugations, we categorize verbs into three groups: \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"u-verbs\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"ru-verbs\"\n }), \" and the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"irregulars\"\n }), \". In this specific lesson we will cover u-verbs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"U-verbs can be recognized rather easily, with some exceptions.\\nEvery verb not ending in る is a u-verb. These endings are す、く、ぐ、ぶ、つ、む、う and ぬ.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If the verb ends in る and the vowel preceding る is either \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"a\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"o\"\n }), \", that verb is also a u-verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For example, the と in とる ends in an \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"o\"\n }), \" vowel, so it's still classified as a u-verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"You do not necessarily need to memorize these exceptions. Over time, through exposure, you will naturally remember how each verb is conjugated.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Depending on the source, this group of verbs may also be referred to as Godan verbs (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"五段[!ごだん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"5-class\"\n }), \"). Other examples of u-verbs include:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Verb\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.16-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(\"span\", {\n children: [\" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to take out\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.16-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(\"span\", {\n children: [\" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n 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U-verbs specifically are called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"五段動詞[!ごだんどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"五段[!ごだん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"5-class\"\n }), \" verbs get their name from the fact that they use kana from 5 different rows of the gojūon table, depending on the verb form.\\nIn the table below, the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出す[だす]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to put out\"\n }), \" uses kana from all 5 rows of the gojūon table in its inflectional suffix - さ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"sa\"\n }), \", し \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"shi\"\n }), \", す \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"su\"\n }), \", せ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"se\"\n }), \" and そ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"so\"\n }), \" - amongst its conjugations. Thus, it is classified as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"五段[!ごだん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"5-class\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Godan Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Godan Verb - \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Gojūon table - \\\"sa\\\" column\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]さない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"dasanai\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"さ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"sa\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Polite\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]します\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"dashimasu\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"し \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"shi\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"dasu\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"す \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"su\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Potential\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]せる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"daseru\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"せ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"se\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Volitional\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]そう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"dasou\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"そ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"so\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[476,487],{"id":465,"title":477,"mod":478,"grammarPoint":479,"grammarPointTitle":480,"grammarPointDescription":481,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":482,"similarGrammarPoints":483,"tags":484,"content":485,"dependentGrammarPoints":486,"language":22},"Introduction to る verbs",1769065133776,"ru-verbs","[JLPT N5] Ru-Verbs | Japanese Grammar","る-verbs, one of Japanese's three types of verbs, are those that end with -る. Be careful, though: some words that end with -る are actually -う verbs!",[457],[457,466],[27,21,472],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Introduction to る verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Convey a habitual or future action\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Japanese verbs play a crucial role in the structure of sentences, conveying actions, states, or occurrences. Unlike many Indo-European languages, such as English, French, or Spanish, Japanese verbs exhibit unique characteristics in terms of \\\"conjugation\\\" and structure.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"conjugation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In Japanese, verbs do not change their forms based on the subject's person (I, you, he\u002Fshe, etc.) or number (singular or plural) as extensively as in many other languages. For example, in English:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"He go\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"es\"\n }), \" home.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"We go home.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Instead, the same few verb conjugations are used over and over, while the particles and context ultimately convey the nuanced information about the subject. This lack of subject-verb agreement simplifies verb conjugation in Japanese.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べる\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I eat. \u003Cbr> I will eat. \u003Cbr> (When telling others what you will do)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.17-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As you can see in this sentence, one of the important fundamentals of Japanese is that verbs appear at the end of a clause.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a predicate that forms a part of a complex sentence. The sentence \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"When it rained they went inside\"\n }), \" consists of two clauses: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"when it rained\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"they went inside.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"And for those asking \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what the heck is a predicate?\"\n }), \", a predicate is simply part of a sentence or clause that states something about the subject. In the sentence \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"The dog sat on the grass\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"sat on the grass\"\n }), \" is the predicate.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"tense\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Verbs in Japanese are a bit different from verbs in, say, English. Japanese does not have a dedicated future tense, and all verbs in their dictionary form can express an action, a habitual action, or the future tense!\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As is so often the case, the context is the key factor that points to an intended meaning.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">起[お,おきる]きる\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He gets up. \u003Cbr> He will get up.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.17-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To make our lives easier when it comes to conjugations, we categorize verbs into three groups: \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"u-verbs\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"ru-verbs\"\n }), \" and the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"irregulars\"\n }), \". In this specific lesson we will cover ru-verbs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In contrast to u-verbs, ru-verbs always end with る. The general rule is that the vowel preceding る is either an \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"i\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"e\"\n }), \" vowel, as you can see with these two examples.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"起[お,おきる]きる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"ok\u002FIRU\u002F \u003Cbr> To get up\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"tab\u002FERU\u002F \u003Cbr> To eat\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For this reason, these verbs are also sometimes referred to as iru\u002Feru-verbs.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"猫[ねこ] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べる\u003C\u002Fstrong> ところ を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">見[み,みる]る\u003C\u002Fstrong> の が 好[す]き です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I like watching cats eat.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.17-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"アラーム が 鳴[な,なる]る と、すぐ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">起[お,おきる]きる\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If the alarm rings, I get up immediatly.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.17-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Some common exceptions include: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to need\"\n }), \"、\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go home\"\n }), \"、\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"切[き,きる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to cut\"\n }), \"、\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しゃべる[,しゃべる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to talk\"\n }), \"、\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"知[し,しる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to know\"\n }), \"、\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"入[はい,はいる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to enter\"\n }), \"、\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"走[はし,はしる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to run\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"減[へ,へる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to decrease\"\n }), \". Despite all of these ending in an \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"iru\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"eru\"\n }), \" sound, they are still u-verbs and conjugate as such.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"You do not need to memorize these exceptions. Over time, through exposure, you will naturally remember how each verb is conjugated.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Depending on the source, this group of verbs is sometimes also referred to as \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Ichidan verbs\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一段動詞[!いちだんどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \").\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiMigachuToggle, {\n text: \"Advanced Content\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsxs(UiCardItem, {\n children: [_jsx(UiSvg, {\n raw: \"\u003Csvg xmlns=\\\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\\\" fill=\\\"none\\\" 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Here's an example sentence for each one. ",[457,465],[457,465],[27,21,472],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Introduction to irregular verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Convey a habitual or future action\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"After \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"u-verbs\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"ru-verbs\"\n }), \", the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"irregulars\"\n }), \" are the last group you need to know about.\\nBeing irregular simply means that they conjugate in a specific way that follows neither the rules of u-verbs, nor those of ru-verbs. They simply require memorization.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"But first, as a reminder, verbs in Japanese are a bit different from verbs in English. Japanese lacks a dedicated future tense, and all verbs in their dictionary form can express an action, a habitual action, or the future tense! \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nThe kind of action being referred to is determined by context.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are only four irregular verbs in Japanese, those being: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to do\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[く,くる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to come\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to exist (inanimate objects)\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go\"\n }), \". 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You will have them down in no time, as these are extremely common verbs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] も 運動[うんどう] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">する[,為る*する]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I also do\u002Fwill sport.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.18-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"明日[あした]、友人[ゆうじん] が こっち \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">来[く,くる]る\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My friend is coming here tomorrow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.18-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あそこ に この 町[まち] で 一番[いちばん] 美味[おい,おいしい]しい お寿司屋[おすしや]さん が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ある[,有る*ある]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Over there is the most delicious sushi restaurant in this town.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.18-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"アメリカ に は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">行[い,いく]く\u003C\u002Fstrong> けど、カナダ に は 行[い,いく]かない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’m going to the U.S., but I’m not going to Canada.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.18-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"There are certain verbs that have unique conjugation patterns for some forms, but follow the general rules for others. These will be mentioned as they come up in future lessons.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to exist\"\n }), \" are not listed as irregular verbs in most textbooks, but as their most used forms behave irregularly, we count them as such.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiMigachuToggle, {\n text: \"Advanced Content\",\n 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However, these verbs are often uncommon. 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3\n },\n syntax: \"問[と,とう]って\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"(て-form)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"問[と,とう]うた\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"(Past) \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"問[と,とう]うて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"(て-form)\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"訪[と,とう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to ask\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"訪った[とった]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"(Past) \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"訪[と,とう]って\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"(て-form)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"訪[と,とう]うた\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"(Past) \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"訪[と,とう]うて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"(て-form)\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"乞[こ,こう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to beg\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"乞[こ,こう]った\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"(Past) \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"乞[こ,こう]って\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"(て-form)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"乞[こ,こう]うた\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"(Past) \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"乞[こ,こう]うて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"(て-form)\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"恋[こ,こう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to love\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"恋[こ,こう]った\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"(Past) \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"恋[こ,こう]って\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"(て-form)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"恋[こ,こう]うた\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"(Past) \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"恋[こ,こう]うて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"(て-form)\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":465,"title":477,"mod":478,"grammarPoint":479,"grammarPointTitle":480,"grammarPointDescription":481,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":482,"similarGrammarPoints":483,"tags":500,"content":485,"dependentGrammarPoints":486,"language":22,"similarPoints":501,"prereqPoints":504},[23,17,468],[502,487],{"id":457,"title":458,"mod":459,"grammarPoint":460,"grammarPointTitle":461,"grammarPointDescription":462,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":463,"similarGrammarPoints":464,"tags":503,"content":473,"dependentGrammarPoints":474,"language":22},[27,21,472],[502],{"id":466,"title":488,"mod":489,"grammarPoint":490,"grammarPointTitle":491,"grammarPointDescription":492,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":493,"similarGrammarPoints":494,"tags":506,"content":496,"dependentGrammarPoints":497,"language":22,"similarPoints":507,"prereqPoints":508},[23,17,468],[502,476],[502,476],{"id":510,"title":511,"mod":323,"grammarPoint":512,"grammarPointTitle":513,"grammarPointDescription":514,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":515,"similarGrammarPoints":516,"tags":517,"content":523,"dependentGrammarPoints":524,"language":22,"similarPoints":525,"prereqPoints":526},20463397959961,"「を」(1) Mark the direct object","direct-object-particle-wo","[JLPT N5] 「を」(wo) | Direct Object Marker | Japanese Particle","The particle を is used to indicate the direct object in a Japanese sentence. Structure → Weは pizzaを eat.",[147,457,465,466],[],[23,17,137,518],{"id":519,"title":520,"description":521,"slug":522,"language":22},"1741861092450","を Series","Lesson teaches the usages of を","japanese-wo-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「を」(1) Mark the direct object\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"The thing receiving an action\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As is the case with most of the basic particles, they have lots of uses, and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is no exception.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The most basic usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is to mark the direct object of a sentence. It is placed directly after the noun that is receiving the action of a verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は いつも 一番[いちばん] 高[たか,たかい]い 服[ふく] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">を\u003C\u002Fstrong> 買[か,かう]う 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He always buys the most expensive clothes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.19-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お腹[おなか] が す[,空く*すく]いて いる[,居る*いる] から、うどん \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">を\u003C\u002Fstrong> 食[た,たべる]べる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm hungry, so I'm going to eat udon.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.19-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see from these examples, the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" particle is placed \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"directly after the object\"\n }), \". In the first example the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"服[ふく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"clothes\"\n }), \" are what is being bought, so they are marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Likewise, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"うどん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"udon\"\n }), \" is marked because it is the thing that is being eaten.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It should be noted that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can only appear once in a clause.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Making the Direct Object the topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Case Particle\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Used as the Topic with は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"には\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"では\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へは\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can either replace or combine with a Case Particle in order to mark the topic of a sentence. Let’s take a look at how \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" replaces \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to turn the direct object of a sentence into the topic.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] も 弁当[べんとう] を 食[た,たべる]べる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm also going to eat a box lunch.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This sentence has no topic and its direct object is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"弁当[べんとう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Let us contrast it with the sentence below where the direct object has become the topic:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"弁当[べんとう] は、私[わたし] も 食べる[た,たべる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm also going to eat a box lunch. \u003Cbr> (Literally: As for a box lunch, I also will eat.)\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are two main interpretations of the above sentence where \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"弁当[べんとう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is now the topic of the sentence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is being used to make a general statement then the nuance is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"弁当[べんとう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the topic of the conversation being had and the speaker is mentioning that they also eat \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"弁当[べんとう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is being used in a contrasting sense, then the nuance is that the speaker will eat the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"弁当[べんとう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" but will not be eating any of the other potential food options, for example they’re going to get a \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"弁当[べんとう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to eat from the shop but not a pizza.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Remember that both interpretations are equally correct and which one is appropriate would need to be determined from further context.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Be careful not to draw comparisons to English, as the direct object in English is not always marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in Japanese.\\nIn some constructions \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本語[にほんご] を \u002F が 話[はな,はなせる]せる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can speak Japanese.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + を\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"寿司[すし] を\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[527,502,476,487],{"id":147,"title":148,"mod":149,"grammarPoint":150,"grammarPointTitle":151,"grammarPointDescription":152,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":153,"similarGrammarPoints":154,"tags":528,"content":157,"dependentGrammarPoints":158,"language":22},[27,21,141],{"id":530,"title":531,"mod":532,"grammarPoint":533,"grammarPointTitle":534,"grammarPointDescription":535,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":536,"similarGrammarPoints":537,"tags":538,"content":539,"dependentGrammarPoints":540,"language":22,"similarPoints":541,"prereqPoints":542},20463397959962,"Omitting the subject of sentences",1769064337640,"subject-omission","[JLPT N5] Subject Omission in Japanese Sentences | Japanese Culture","The subject of Japanese sentence is often omitted. This means you'll see sentences like “went to the store” and be expected to figure out who went from context.",[],[],[17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Omitting the subject of sentences\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Japanese is a language that relies heavily on context. As a result, a lot of information can be left out when speaking. Even a sentence consisting of a single verb can be grammatically correct. It doesn't necessarily need a subject if it can be inferred from context.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"買[か,かう]う 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I will) buy (it).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.20-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As in the above example, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"buy\"\n }), \" on its own can be a complete sentence and could be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I (will) buy\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"She (will) buy(s)\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"He (will) buy(s)\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう] 買[か,かう]った ご飯[ごはん] を 食[た,たべる]べる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I\u002FHe\u002FShe\u002FThey) will eat the meal (I\u002FHe\u002FShe\u002FThey) bought yesterday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.20-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"本屋[ほんや] で 面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]い 本[ほん] を 買[か,かう]う 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I\u002FHe\u002FShe\u002FThey) will buy an interesting book at the bookstore.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.20-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Another frequent example of this is the following standard textbook sentence:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] の 名前[なまえ] は トム 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My name is Tom.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.20-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Now, grammatically this sentence is correct, but it sounds highly unnatural. Under normal circumstances, the following options would be preferred:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"トム です\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"。\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"トム と 申[もう,もうす]します 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"トム\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This is because the subject is obvious in the context of a self-introduction.\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":544,"title":545,"mod":546,"grammarPoint":547,"grammarPointTitle":548,"grammarPointDescription":549,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":550,"similarGrammarPoints":551,"tags":552,"content":553,"dependentGrammarPoints":554,"language":22,"similarPoints":555,"prereqPoints":556},20463397959963,"Writing kanji words in hiragana",1769064353758,"writing-kanji-words-in-hiragana","[JLPT N5] Japanese Words Written in Kanji vs Hiragana | Japanese Culture","Many Japanese words can be written in either hiragana *or* kanji. This is done for 5 main reasons, which we'll discuss.",[],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Writing kanji words in hiragana\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In Japanese, words can often be written in either kanji or hiragana form. Sometimes the choice seems almost random, but there are a lot of reasons why a word may be written one way or the other.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"中村[!たなか] さん が 今日[きょう] 学校[がっこう] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">くる[,来る*くる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> と 言[い,いう]われた 。\u003Cbr>\\n[来[く,くる]る]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was told that Nakamura-san would come to school today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.21-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ママ が 今日[きょう] も \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">おいしい[,美味しい*おいしい]\u003C\u002Fstrong> ご飯[ごはん] を 作[つく,つくる]って くれた 。\u003Cbr>\\n[美味[おい,おいしい]しい]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mom made delicious food again today (for me).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.21-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"結構[けっこう] 高[たか,たかい]かった けど、昨日[きのう] あの \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">かわいい[,可愛い*かわいい]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 服[ふく] を 買[か,かう]った 。\u003Cbr>\\n[可愛[かわい,かわいい]い]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It was pretty expensive, but I bought that cute outfit yesterday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.21-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here are some reasons as to why hiragana may be used instead of the kanji:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The kanji the word uses is rare.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Writing a word in kanji or hiragana may convey different nuances.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Depending on the target audience, one may be chosen over the other.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"A stylistic choice to convey a certain feeling.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Auxiliary verbs are mostly written in hiragana.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"A more in-depth explanation for each point is found below.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The first reason is simply that the kanji that would be used is rare and might be unknown to the reader. This can often be seen in newspapers, as they stick to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"常用漢字[じょうようかんじ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"regular-use kanji\"\n }), \" in their articles. If a word uses a kanji that is not on this list, it is written in hiragana instead.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"常用漢字[じょうようかんじ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"regular-use kanji\"\n }), \" is a list of \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"2,136\"\n }), \" kanji characters and their readings, officially announced by the Japanese Ministry of Education. It serves as a literacy baseline for those who have completed compulsory education and as a list of permitted characters and readings for official government documents.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Using kanji versus hiragana can also sometimes convey different nuances. The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ところ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for example, which is used in some grammar constructions, can also be written as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"所[ところ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". However when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"所[ところ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used it is referring to a physical place, while when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ところ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used it is referring to a metaphorical place.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The use of kanji and hiragana can also vary depending on the context and audience. For example, a children's book may use more hiragana and fewer kanji to make it easier for young readers to understand, while a formal document may use more kanji to give it a more formal tone.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It can also be a stylistic choice. In some mangas, for example, the speech of young children is written mostly or entirely in hiragana to convey the feeling that they are young. This probably stems from the fact that young children don’t know kanji yet.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Hiragana also has a less formal and less stiff feeling compared to kanji. Correspondingly, it may be used in place of kanji to bring about a more casual tone. For example, writing a personal message or social media post may come across as more friendly and approachable when in hiragana as opposed to the more serious and formal kanji.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 5\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Auxiliary verbs, also known as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"helping verbs\"\n }), \", are verbs that are used together with other verbs to indicate the tense, mood, or voice of the main verb. In Japanese, auxiliary verbs are typically written in hiragana, rather than kanji. For example, in most cases \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"過[す,すぎる]ぎる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" attached to the main verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" will be written like this \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べすぎる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and not like this: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べ 過[す,すぎる]ぎる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiMigachuToggle, {\n text: \"Advanced Content\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsxs(UiCardItem, {\n children: [_jsx(UiSvg, {\n raw: 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x2=\\\"61.676\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".008\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".585\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003ClinearGradient id=\\\"Diamond_svg__g\\\" x1=\\\"52.269\\\" x2=\\\"80.492\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF0\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".583\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here is a more concrete example of point \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"5\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, there are so-called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"補助動詞[!ほじょどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"subsidiary verbs\"\n }), \" that follow the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"て\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" form of another verb and create a new, combined meaning that is different from the meaning of each isolated verb. However, sometimes these same verbs can follow each other without combining into a new meaning, simply retaining their original meanings. This distinction can often be clarified by using kanji.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the second verb is written in kanji, it generally retains its original meaning, and the two verbs simply describe separate actions (essentially \\\"do \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" and then \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \"\\\"). However, when the second verb is written in hiragana, it combines with the first verb to form a new meaning—one that the individual verbs don’t convey on their own (\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \"て\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" becomes a new \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \").\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"箱[はこ] を 開[あ,あける]けて 見[み,みる]る\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Open the box and look (inside).\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this example, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"開[あ,あける]ける\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"見[み,みる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" retain their original meaning, and the sentence just expresses a sequence of actions.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"箱[はこ] を 開[あ,あける]けて み[,みる]る\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Try to open the box.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"開[あ,あける]ける\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"見[み,みる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" combine and create the new meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"attempt\u002Ftry to open\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":558,"title":559,"mod":560,"grammarPoint":561,"grammarPointTitle":562,"grammarPointDescription":563,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":564,"similarGrammarPoints":565,"tags":566,"content":572,"dependentGrammarPoints":573,"language":22,"similarPoints":574,"prereqPoints":575},20463397959964,"「で」(1) Indicate where an action takes place",1769064366874,"location-marker-de","[JLPT N5] 「で」(de) | Mark Where an Action Occurs | Japanese Particle","The particle で is used to indicate where an action takes place. Structure → weは cafeteriaで eat. ",[457,465,466],[],[23,17,137,567],{"id":568,"title":569,"description":570,"slug":571,"language":22},"1741861078832","で Series","Lesson teaches the usages of で","japanese-de-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「で」(1) Indicate where an action takes place\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"At, in, on\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has many uses. One of them is to mark the location at which an action takes place. When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to indicate a location, it can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"at\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"on\"\n }), \". It is placed directly after the noun that indicates the location where the action takes place.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学校[がっこう] で\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"at school\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学校[がっこう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で\u003C\u002Fstrong> 昨日[きのう] 大変[たいへん] な 事故[じこ] が 起[お,おきる]きた ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A serious accident happened at school yesterday!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.22-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ジム \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で\u003C\u002Fstrong> 大胸筋[だいきょうきん] を 鍛[きた,きたえる]える 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Train the pectoral muscles at the gym.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.22-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"スポンジボブ が カニカーニ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で\u003C\u002Fstrong> カーニバーガー を 作[つく,つくる]る 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"SpongeBob makes krabby patties in the Krusty Krab.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.22-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is important to note that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" cannot be used to show the location where something exists. This is a specific function of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"!\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"At its core, the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" serves to delineate the boundaries, field, or parameters within which an action takes place or a specific state exists.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You will see that this concept gets extended a bit further in other cases, such as the material something is made with, or the tool something is made by, etc. In all uses, it singles out a particular parameter from others.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Making the location the topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, each element of a sentence can represent a case, which tells us the function an element has in the sentence. As we learned in this lesson, the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case can tell us where an action takes place.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"図書館[としょかん] で、本[ほん] を 読[よ,よむ]む 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) read books at the library. \u003Cbr> (Literally: At the library, read books.)\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this sentence our place-of-action case is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"図書館[としょかん] で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Each case like this in a Japanese sentence can be turned into the topic of the sentence using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Depending on the particle the element uses, the change to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" looks a bit different.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Below you can see an overview of the changes that happen when turning a case into the topic.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Case\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"には\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"では\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へは\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"とは\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's now take our example from above and turn our \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case into the topic.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"図書館[としょかん] で は、本[ほん] を 読[よ,よむ]む 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"At the library (as opposed to other places), (people) read books.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"So, what is different from the first version of this sentence? The exact meaning depends on the context.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Adding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" could simply be used to add a sense of contrast, expressing that one reads at the library, but not at other places.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"By turning \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"図書館[としょかん] で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"at the library\"\n }), \" into our topic, this structure can also be used to make a general statement about libraries, namely, that people read books there.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + で\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学校[がっこう] で\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"PlaceでObjectをVerb\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学校[がっこう] で 弁当[べんとう] を 買[か,かう]う 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[502,476,487],{"id":577,"title":578,"mod":579,"grammarPoint":580,"grammarPointTitle":581,"grammarPointDescription":582,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":583,"similarGrammarPoints":584,"tags":586,"content":592,"dependentGrammarPoints":593,"language":22,"similarPoints":594,"prereqPoints":606},20463397959965,"「に」(1) Indicate an action's destination or direction",1769064382924,"ni-indicate-destination-direction","[JLPT N5] 「に」(ni) | Show an Action's Direction | Japanese Particle","The particle に is used to mark your destination and\u002For the direction of an action. You can think of it as meaning “to”.",[457,465,466],[585],20463397959972,[23,17,137,587],{"id":588,"title":589,"description":590,"slug":591,"language":22},"1741861085697","に Series","Lesson teaches the usages of に","japanese-ni-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「に」(1) Indicate an action's destination or direction\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"To, toward\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The next important particle is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which has many functions in Japanese. One of its functions is to show the place towards which someone or something moves. In other words, it indicates the destination or direction of an action or goal. When used in this way \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"toward\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学校[がっこう] に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to\u002Ftoward school\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう] 遊び場[あそびば] で 会[あ,あう]った 女の子[おんなのこ] が 今日[きょう] 学校[がっこう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 来[く,くる]る 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"His friends will also come to school.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.23-1.AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"母[はは] と 一緒[いっしょ] に 隣[となり] の 町[まち] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 行[い,いく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Teacher\u002FThe Teacher will go to town.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.23-2.AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Think of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as putting a target on something. This image will be handy for other uses of this particle as well, so try to keep it in mind.\\nWhen paired with a location, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" places the target \", _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"🎯\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f3af.png\"\n }), \" on the location, designating it as the goal of our movement.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Combining に with は to mark the topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, each element of a sentence can represent a case, which tells us the function an element has in the sentence. As we learned in this lesson, the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case can tell us the destination or direction of an action or goal.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] が 店[みせ] に 行[い,いく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will go to the store\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this sentence our case \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"店[みせ] に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", tells us what the destination of our action \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go\"\n }), \" is. Each case like this in a Japanese sentence can be turned into the topic of the sentence using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Depending on the particle the element uses, the change to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" looks a bit different.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Below you can see an overview of the changes that happen when turning a case into our topic.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Case\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"には\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"では\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へは\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"とは\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Notice that when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is converted into our topic using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", they combine to form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"には\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\\nLet's now take our example from above and turn our \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case into the topic.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"店[みせ] に は、私[わたし] が 行[い,いく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"As for going to the store (as opposed to other places), (I) will go.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So, what is different from the first version of this sentence? The most likely interpretation is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is simply used to add a sense of contrast: the speaker is going to the store, but not other places. This could come up in a situation where people are deciding who's going where, with the speaker declaring that they will go to the store (as opposed to other places being discussed).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Because \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used in this sentence there is also a nuance that the speaker is suggesting that they will be the person who goes to the store while the others will go elsewhere.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Without the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the sentence is simply a matter-of-fact statement concerning the speaker's intention of going to a\u002Fthe store (without the nuance of excluding other places).\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + に\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"サンフランシスコ に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"PlaceにVerb\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"サンフランシスコ に 行[い,いく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[595],{"id":585,"title":596,"mod":597,"grammarPoint":598,"grammarPointTitle":599,"grammarPointDescription":600,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":601,"similarGrammarPoints":602,"tags":603,"content":604,"dependentGrammarPoints":605,"language":22},"「へ」Indicate a direction",1769065030193,"direction-marker-he","[JLPT N5] 「へ」(e) | Toward Something \u002F In a Direction | Japanese Particle","The particle へ is similar to に, but it shows direction, not destination. Tokyoへ means “toward” Tokyo, but doesn't necessarily mean you arrive to Tokyo.",[577],[577],[27,21,141],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「へ」Indicate a direction\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Towards, to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"へ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used similarly to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to indicate direction. The difference between the two is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" marks something as the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"final destination\"\n }), \", while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"へ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" simply indicates one's \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"movement towards a target\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"夏休[なつやす]み に 家族[かぞく] と 海[うみ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">へ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 行[い,いく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’m going to the beach with my family during summer vacation.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.30-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"毎週[まいしゅう] 土曜日[どようび]、友達[ともだち] と 東京[とうきょう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">へ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 行[い,いく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Every Saturday, I go to Tokyo with my friend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.30-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"へ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" does not specify the goal of a movement, only that it is in a certain direction. It can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"towards\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to\"\n }), \". Compare the following two sentences.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"京都[きょうと] に 行[い,いく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Go to Tokyo.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.30-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"京都[きょうと] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">へ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 行[い,いく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Go toward Tokyo.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.30-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Similar to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" being pronounced as \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"wa\"\n }), \", and not \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ha\"\n }), \", when used as a particle, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"へ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is pronounced as \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"e\"\n }), \", and not \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"he\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Combining へ with は to mark the topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, each element of a sentence can represent a case, which tells us the function an element has in the sentence. As we learned in this lesson, the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～へ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case can tell us the target toward which someone or something moves.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"父[ちち] が 山[やま] へ 行[い,いく]く。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Father is going to the mountains.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this sentence, our case \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"山[やま] へ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" tells us that the father goes to the mountains. Each case can be turned into the topic of the sentence using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Depending on the particle the element uses, the change to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" looks a bit different.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Below you can see an overview of the changes that occur when going from case to topic.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Case\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"には\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"では\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へは\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"とは\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Notice that when making \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"へ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" into a topic, it combines with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"へは\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\\nLet's now take our example from above and convert our \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～へ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case into the topic.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"山[やま] へ は、父[ちち] が 行[い,いく]く。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"As for (going) to the mountains (as opposed to other places), my father will go.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So, what is different from the first version of this sentence? The most likely interpretation is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is simply used to add a sense of contrast, indicating that the father will go to the mountains as opposed to other places.\\nWithout \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the sentence simply expresses that the father will go to the mountains, without the nuance of excluding other places.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + へ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"東京[とうきょう] へ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Place + へ + Verb-Of-Movement\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"東京[とうきょう] へ 行[い,いく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[502,476,487],{"id":608,"title":609,"mod":610,"grammarPoint":611,"grammarPointTitle":612,"grammarPointDescription":613,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":614,"similarGrammarPoints":615,"tags":616,"content":617,"dependentGrammarPoints":618,"language":22,"similarPoints":619,"prereqPoints":622},20463397959966,"「に」(2) Indicate where something exists",1769064397890,"ni-show-location-existence","[JLPT N5] 「に」(ni) | Indicate Where Something Is | Japanese Particle","When you say or “there is something at\u002Fon\u002Fin” in English, attach the particle に to the place where that thing exists or is located.",[457,465,466],[558],[23,17,137,587],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「に」(2) Indicate where something exists\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"In, at, on\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has the ability to specify the location where something exists.\\nAs you might expect, due to this \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is often paired with verbs of existence, like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to exist\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to exist\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"住む[すむ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to live\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is attached to the noun that expresses the location.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"図書館[としょかん] に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"At\u002Fin the library\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あそこ の 家[いえ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> かわいい[,可愛い*かわいい] 猫[ねこ] ちゃん が いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There’s a cute kitty at that house over there.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.24-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"駐車場[ちゅうしゃじょう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 高[たか,たかい]い 車[くるま] が 何台[なんだい] も ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are several expensive cars in the parking lot.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.24-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Reading those examples, you will also notice another aspect of this type of sentence. When expressing existence, the animate thing or inanimate object is marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". A frequent structure you will encounter here is the following:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">ThingがLocationに ある・いる\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This is another point where English and Japanese grammar differ. In English, the thing that exists is treated as the object of the sentence. Conversely, Japanese existential sentences assign the existing entity as the subject.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The difference between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is only used for inanimate things (car, book, house, etc.), while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is reserved for animate things (animals, people).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A small fun fact. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\n\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"魚[さかな]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"fish\"\n }), \" can be used with both \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but depending on which one you choose, the meaning changes. When using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" the fish is still alive and well, while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" would treat it as a food item and, therefore, as no longer alive.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is only used to point to where something exists, not where an event takes place.\\nTherefore, the following sentence is wrong, as it should use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"図書館[としょかん] に 勉強[べんきょう] する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I study\u002Fwill study in the library.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"図書館[としょかん] で 勉強[べんきょう] する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I study\u002Fwill study in the library.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Combining に with は to mark the topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, each element of a sentence can represent a case, which tells us the function an element has in the sentence. As we learned in this lesson, the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case can tell us the location where something exists.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"家[いえ] に 面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]い 本[ほん] が ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"At (my) house, there is an interesting book (are interesting books).\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this sentence our case \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"家[いえ] に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", tells us where interesting book(s) are\u002Fexist. Each case like this in a Japanese sentence can be turned into the topic of the sentence using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". 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This might be because both verbs evoke a broader image, covering more than just “living” in one spot.\\n\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"生活[せいかつ] する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", for example, can be seen as encompassing all kinds of actions necessary for your existence. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"暮[く,くらす]らす\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is similar in that way.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[620],{"id":558,"title":559,"mod":560,"grammarPoint":561,"grammarPointTitle":562,"grammarPointDescription":563,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":564,"similarGrammarPoints":565,"tags":621,"content":572,"dependentGrammarPoints":573,"language":22},[27,21,141,571],[502,476,487],{"id":624,"title":625,"mod":626,"grammarPoint":627,"grammarPointTitle":628,"grammarPointDescription":629,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":630,"similarGrammarPoints":631,"tags":632,"content":633,"dependentGrammarPoints":634,"language":22,"similarPoints":635,"prereqPoints":636},20463397959967,"Sentence structure in Japanese",1745215933986,"sentence-structure","[JLPT N5] Basic Japanese Sentence Structure | Japanese Grammar","English is a “subject verb object” language. Japanese is a “subject object verb” language. English says “he eats pizza”, Japanese says “he pizza eats”.",[],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiImage, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiImage) _missingMdxReference(\"UiImage\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Sentence structure in Japanese\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Gaining a basic understanding of Japanese sentence structure can be incredibly helpful, especially for native English speakers, since the two languages differ in key ways. In this section, we’ll go over some of the most important things you need to know.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"the verb comes at the end\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let’s start by looking at a basic sentence that uses the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to eat\"\n }), \", which we learned before. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nA basic sentence in Japanese often follows this structure:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002FVerb_2.webp\",\n alt: \"Basic sentence structure\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"[私[わたし] は]　+　[ご飯[ごはん] を]　+　[食[た,たべる]べる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"[I] + [meal] + [eat] \u003Cbr> I eat a meal.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This sentence also demonstrates an important rule that applies to all Japanese sentences:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"The main verb comes at the end of the sentence.\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let’s take another look at the sentence above.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">私[わたし]\u003C\u002Fstrong> \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">は\u003C\u002Fstrong> \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">ご飯[ごはん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べる\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"I\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">eat\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"ins\", {\n class: \"emphasis-underline-1\",\n children: \"a\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"meal\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"First of all, by coloring the words we can see that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has no English equivalent. This is because its purpose is to show that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"私[わたし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"I\"\n }), \" is the topic of the sentence. In English, there is no need for a particle like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" because the subject of a sentence can be determined based on the order of the words in a sentence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Secondly, since \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ご飯[ごはん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"meal\"\n }), \", we can see that there is no Japanese equivalent of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"a\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Articles like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"a\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"an\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the\"\n }), \" do not exist in Japanese.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This in turn means that the sentences, \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I eat a meal\"\n }), \", and, \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I eat the meal\"\n }), \", would both be translated as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"私[わたし] は ご飯[ごはん] を 食[た,たべる]べる 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you’ve spent your entire life speaking English or a similar language, this can sometimes make a sentence feel incomplete. How do we know if we're talking about \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"a thing\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the thing\"\n }), \"? But don't worry, as with many things in language learning, these issues tend to become clearer with context and after spending more time with the language.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Sentence order in Japanese\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As seen in the example sentence above, English follows Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) order when making simple statements, while \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Japanese is predominantly a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) language\"\n }), \". It's important to note that these word order classifications are broad generalizations and that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"the ordering does vary\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In Japanese, important information is placed at the beginning of the sentence. Because Japanese marks the roles of the elements in a sentence with particles, switching things around is not as restricted as in English.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Furthermore, we have seen that some grammatical sentences will include neither a subject nor an object if their meanings are obvious in context. This leads to five possible word orders in Japanese: SOV, OSV, SV, OV, and V.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Order\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Example Sentence\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Explanation\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"SOV\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"僕[ぼく] が 友達[ともだち] の 本[ほん] を 読[よ,よむ]む 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"I will read a friend's book.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"This could be seen as a standard sentence.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"OSV\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"友達[ともだち] の 本[ほん] を 僕[ぼく] が 読[よ,よむ]む 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"I will read a friend's book.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"If the object (the friend's book) is seen as important information, this order could be chosen.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"SV\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"僕[ぼく] が 読[よ,よむ]む 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"I will read (it).\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"If the object is clear from context it can be left out. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" This could also be a response to the question \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Who will read the friend's book?\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"OV\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"友達[ともだち] の 本[ほん] を 読[よ,よむ]む 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"(I) will read a friend's book.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"This could be a response to the question \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"What will you read?\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"V\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]む 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"(I) will read.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Even a verb on its own can be a grammatically correct sentence if the context makes everything else clear.\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In English, when trying to express information, inform listeners about how things relate to each other, and what role they play, we need prepositions like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"on\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"at\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"from\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese this is achieved with particles. So far we learned how to use the particles \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". These are placed alongside elements in the sentence to define their role.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"In Japanese, particles are always placed after the word they apply to.\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To form a sentence, we just need to insert each piece of information - together with its particle - into our general sentence structure from before.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002FVerb_2.webp\",\n alt: \"Basic sentence structure\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The topic is only placed at the beginning of the sentence because that is its natural location in most situations. It is not, as seen before, a requirement.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let’s do this with an example sentence:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は ご飯[ごはん] を 図書館[としょかん] で 食[た,たべる]べる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I \u002F a meal \u002F at the library \u002F eat.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"I am the topic and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat\"\n }), \" is our verb. Thus, the additional information is:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ご飯[ごはん] を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" : The meal, which is our object\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"図書館[としょかん] で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" : The library, which is where our action takes place.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As the word order in Japanese is flexible, the same sentence could also be written as follows:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 図書館[としょかん] で ご飯[ごはん] を 食[た,たべる]べる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I \u002F at the library \u002F meal \u002F eat.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Takeaways\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In Japanese the verb comes last.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Particles define the roles of different elements within a sentence.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The word order is flexible, but affects the emphasis those words receive.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":285,"title":322,"mod":323,"grammarPoint":324,"grammarPointTitle":325,"grammarPointDescription":326,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":327,"similarGrammarPoints":328,"tags":638,"content":330,"dependentGrammarPoints":331,"language":22,"similarPoints":639,"prereqPoints":640},[23,17,292],[343,376],[],{"id":642,"title":643,"mod":644,"grammarPoint":645,"grammarPointTitle":646,"grammarPointDescription":647,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":648,"similarGrammarPoints":649,"tags":650,"content":651,"dependentGrammarPoints":652,"language":22,"similarPoints":653,"prereqPoints":654},20463397959969,"「が」(2) Express the quality something possesses",1769135255097,"ga-assign-qualities","[JLPT N5] 「が」(ga) | Indicate Characteristics and Qualities | Japanese Particle","The particle が has several uses. One of these uses is to assign a quality (adjective) to something. Structure → bookが expensive.",[128],[],[23,17,137],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「が」(2) Express the quality something possesses\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Connect adjectives to nouns\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Besides marking the subject, expressing a strong exclusionary meaning, and pairing with question words like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"who\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has other uses as well.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another usage that you will encounter relatively frequently is its ability to indicate that something possesses a certain quality. This usage was already mentioned in the first lesson on \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but let's take a closer look.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The standard structure here is quite simple: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>が\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", where \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" represents an object and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \", an adjective that describes \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"カバン が 高[たか,たかい]い\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(the\u002Fa) bag is expensive\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あそこ の 店[みせ] の カバン \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">が\u003C\u002Fstrong> すご[,すごい]く 高[たか,たかい]い 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The bags at that store over there are really expensive.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.27-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学校[がっこう] の 給食[きゅうしょく] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">が\u003C\u002Fstrong> 美味[おい,おいしい]しい です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The school lunches are delicious.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.27-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In these sentences, our objects are the ones doing an \\\"action,\\\" that is, they are \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"being expensive\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"being delicious\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The following example further illustrates how \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" differ in their usage:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お母[かあ]さん の 店[みせ] は 卵焼[たまごや]き \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">が\u003C\u002Fstrong> 一番[いちばん] 美味[おい,おいしい]しい です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My mom's shop has the most delicious tamagoyaki.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.27-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The topic, marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", is a shop, and the additional information we receive is that the boxed lunch has the quality of being delicious.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the last example, you could also use the term \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"restaurant\"\n }), \" instead of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"shop\"\n }), \", as the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"店[みせ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a rather broad term. The key takeaway here is that you shouldn't internalize a single translation for a word, even if seemingly simple and obvious. For example, in a more formal context, \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"establishment\"\n }), \" may be more warranted. The translation often depends on more than just the literal meaning.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[174],{"id":286,"title":333,"mod":334,"grammarPoint":335,"grammarPointTitle":336,"grammarPointDescription":337,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":338,"similarGrammarPoints":339,"tags":656,"content":341,"dependentGrammarPoints":342,"language":22,"similarPoints":657,"prereqPoints":658},[23,17,292],[],[391,300,311],{"id":660,"title":661,"mod":662,"grammarPoint":663,"grammarPointTitle":664,"grammarPointDescription":665,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":666,"similarGrammarPoints":667,"tags":670,"content":676,"dependentGrammarPoints":677,"language":22,"similarPoints":678,"prereqPoints":705},20463397959971,"「と」(1) List nouns and noun phrases",1769135362821,"list-nouns-with-to","[JLPT N5] 「と」(to) | Make a List of Nouns | Japanese Particle","One use of the particle と is to make a list of nouns: AとB means A and B. と lists are exhaustive, so AとB implies “A and B (and nothing else)”.",[],[668,669],20463397960009,20463397960178,[23,17,137,671],{"id":672,"title":673,"description":674,"slug":675,"language":22},"1741861116570","と Series","Lesson teaches the usages of と","japanese-to-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「と」(1) List nouns and noun phrases\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"And\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has many (a metric ton of) uses in Japanese. One of those uses is to combine nouns with the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"and\"\n }), \" and create an exhaustive list. The final \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is omitted most of the time and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> and \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">C\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" are expressed as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> と \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> と \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">C\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The normal structure is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> と \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with a \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in between the listed elements, similar to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"and\"\n }), \". To be clear, this structure can be used to list more than two items.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と\u003C\u002Fstrong> 私[わたし] は もう すぐ 帰[かえ,かえる]る 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She and I will go home soon.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.29-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あそこ で 猫[ねこ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と\u003C\u002Fstrong> 犬[いぬ] が 遊[あそ,あそぶ]んで いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A cat and a dog are playing over there.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.29-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The structure \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> と \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with a \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" appearing after each item in the list, is also grammatically correct, but is not frequently used.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"と can only be used to connect nouns or noun phrases\"\n }), \". It cannot be used to connect adjectives.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ここ[,此処*ここ] の ケーキ は 安[やす,やすい]い と おいしい[,おいしい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Cake here is cheap and delicious.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The correct way to list i-adjectives is to use the て-form, which we will cover later.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ここ[,此処*ここ] の ケーキ は 安[やす,やすい]くて おいしい[,おいしい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Cake here is cheap and delicious.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + と + Noun + (と)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"車[くるま] と 自転車[じてんしゃ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[679,691],{"id":668,"title":680,"mod":681,"grammarPoint":682,"grammarPointTitle":683,"grammarPointDescription":684,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":685,"similarGrammarPoints":686,"tags":688,"content":689,"dependentGrammarPoints":690,"language":22},"「など」\"Something like X\"",1769067515668,"nado-express-something-like","[JLPT N4] 「など」(nado) | \"And So Forth, Etcetera, And So On\" | Japanese grammar","など attaches to the end of nouns to communicate that what the speaker has provided is not an exhaustive list. Click to see several example sentences.",[],[669,687],20463397960179,[52,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「など」\\\"Something like X\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Something like, etc., and so forth\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The element \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"など\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a frequently used and, luckily, easy to understand part of the Japanese language. Let's get into its usage.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It indicates that a list is not complete and that there may be additional items not mentioned. This usage is often translated to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"and so on\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"etc.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本[にほん] の 食べ物[たべもの] で は、寿司[すし] や 天[てん]ぷら、うどん \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">など\u003C\u002Fstrong> が 有名[ゆうめい] です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"In terms of Japanese food, sushi, tempura, udon, etc. are famous.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.67-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ペン \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">など\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 文房具[ぶんぼうぐ] は、あの 店[みせ] で 安[やす,やすい]く 買[か,かう]える 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You can buy stationery items like pens and so on cheaply at that store.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.67-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If the main predicate in the sentence is negated, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"など\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to convey a feeling of dislike or contempt.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"人[ひと] の 悪口[わるくち] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">など\u003C\u002Fstrong> 言[い,いう]う もの[,物*もの] で は ない[,ない] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"One should not speak ill of others.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.67-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When referring to the speaker, it can show humility.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">など\u003C\u002Fstrong> に も できる[,出来る*できる] こと[,事*こと] が あ[,有る*ある]れば、お 手伝[てつだ,てつだう]い します 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If there's anything someone like me can do, I'd be happy to help.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.67-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Other informal forms include \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なんか\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なんて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but we will cover them later.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":669,"title":692,"mod":693,"grammarPoint":694,"grammarPointTitle":695,"grammarPointDescription":696,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":697,"similarGrammarPoints":698,"tags":702,"content":703,"dependentGrammarPoints":704,"language":22},"「や」Make an inexhaustive list",1764305928442,"ya-make-inexhaustive-list","[JLPT N5] 「や」 (ya) | Make an Inexhaustive List | Japanese Grammar","や is used to list multiple nouns in a casual, non-exhaustive way, like saying “such as A, B, and so on.” Often implies there are more not mentioned.",[],[668,699,700,701],20463397960068,20463397960069,20463397960177,[27,21,141],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「や」Make an inexhaustive list\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Such things as ..., and ... and\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Much like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"とか\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"や\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to combine two or more nouns into an incomplete and non-exhaustive list of actions, items, or states, implying that there are other things in the list that are not mentioned.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"姉[あね] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">や\u003C\u002Fstrong> 弟[おとうと] に 借[か,かりる]りてた 金[かね] を 返[かえ,かえす]した 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) returned the money that (I) had borrowed from (my) older sister and younger brother. \u003Cbr> (Literally: money (I) was borrowing)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.237-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"動物[どうぶつ] は 猫[ねこ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">や\u003C\u002Fstrong> 犬[いぬ] だけ で な[,ない]く、ウサギ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">や\u003C\u002Fstrong> 鳥[とり] も 人気[にんき] が ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Animals such as cats and dogs are popular, but so are rabbits and birds.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.237-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + や\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] や\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun1やNoun2やNoun3...\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] や 教師[きょうし] や 先生[せんせい]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":585,"title":596,"mod":597,"grammarPoint":598,"grammarPointTitle":599,"grammarPointDescription":600,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":601,"similarGrammarPoints":602,"tags":707,"content":604,"dependentGrammarPoints":605,"language":22,"similarPoints":708,"prereqPoints":711},[23,17,137],[709],{"id":577,"title":578,"mod":579,"grammarPoint":580,"grammarPointTitle":581,"grammarPointDescription":582,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":583,"similarGrammarPoints":584,"tags":710,"content":592,"dependentGrammarPoints":593,"language":22},[27,21,141,591],[709],{"id":713,"title":714,"mod":715,"grammarPoint":716,"grammarPointTitle":717,"grammarPointDescription":718,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":719,"similarGrammarPoints":720,"tags":723,"content":729,"dependentGrammarPoints":730,"language":22,"similarPoints":731,"prereqPoints":764},20463397959973,"「だけ」Indicate a limit",1769065036477,"dake-set-limits","[JLPT N5] 「だけ」(dake) | “Only” or “That's all” | Japanese Particle","The particle だけ can be used with many types of words to show limitations. For example, 学生だけ means “only students”. ",[],[721,722],20463397960016,20463397960093,[23,17,137,724],{"id":725,"title":726,"description":727,"slug":728,"language":22},"1744427822325","だけ Series","Lesson uses だけ in some way","japanese-dake-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「だけ」Indicate a limit\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Only, just, merely\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だけ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses the idea that something is limited. 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It's just expensive.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.31-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"中国語[ちゅうごくご] の 学校[がっこう] に 行[い,いく]く \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だけ\u003C\u002Fstrong> だ 。英語[えいご] の 学校[がっこう] に 行[い,いく]かない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will only go to Chinese school. I won't go to English school.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.31-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Other particles, such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", cannot be omitted when appearing alongside \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だけ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". 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student\u002Fs\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[732,746],{"id":721,"title":733,"mod":734,"grammarPoint":735,"grammarPointTitle":736,"grammarPointDescription":737,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":738,"similarGrammarPoints":742,"tags":743,"content":744,"dependentGrammarPoints":745,"language":22},"「しか」Indicate “only” or “and nothing else” ",1769135988115,"shika-when-there-nothing-else","[JLPT N4] 「しか」(shika) | \"Only X, Nothing But X \"| Japanese Particles","\"Used exclusively with verbs in the negative, しか is a Japanese particle that means \"\"only\"\" or \"\"nothing but\"\". For example, ピザしか買わない means \"\"Only buy pizza.\"\"\n\n \"",[739,740,741],20463397959974,20463397959975,20463397959976,[713],[52,21,141],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「しか」Indicate “only” or “and nothing else” \"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しか\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to express that something is the sole item among a group. It is commonly translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"nothing but\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"only\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The grammar structure is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> しか \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"do only \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> to \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"there is only \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"only \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \". It's crucial to remember that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しか\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can only be used with a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"negative expression\"\n }), \" in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \"; it cannot be affirmative.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ピザ しか 買[か,かう]わない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Only buy pizza\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ピザ しか 食[た,たべる]べない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Only eat pizza\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ピザ しか ない[,ない]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There is only pizza\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> しか \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the meaning is often \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"do only \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> to \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Standard usage:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は、百円[ひゃくえん,円*えん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">しか\u003C\u002Fstrong> 持[も,もつ]って い[,居る*いる]ない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I only have 100 yen.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.74-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 町[まち] に は 猫[ねこ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">しか\u003C\u002Fstrong> い[,居る*いる]ない 気[き] が する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I feel like there’s nothing but cats in this town.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.74-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"プレゼント は 一つ[ひとつ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">しか\u003C\u002Fstrong> 残[のこ,のこる]って い[,居る*いる]ない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Only one present is left.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.74-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] は 朝[あさ] に コーヒー \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">しか\u003C\u002Fstrong> 飲[の,のむ]まない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She drinks nothing but coffee in the morning.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.74-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> しか ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used after verbs to indicate that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is the only available option. This is often translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"there is nothing else I can do but \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"電車[でんしゃ] が 止[と,とまる]まって いる[,居る*いる] から、歩[ある,あるく]く \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">しか\u003C\u002Fstrong> ない[,無い*ない] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Since the train has stopped, we have no choice but to walk.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.74-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お金[おかね] が ない[,無い*ない] から、自分[じぶん] で 作[つく,つくる]る \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">しか\u003C\u002Fstrong> ない[,無い*ない] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don’t have money, so I have no choice but to make it myself.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.74-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + しか\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"寿司[すし] しか\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + Particle + しか\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"東京[とうきょう] に しか\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"ObjectしかVerb-Negative\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"パン しか 食[た,たべる]べない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiMigachuToggle, {\n text: \"Advanced Content\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: 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x2=\\\"61.676\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".008\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".585\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003ClinearGradient id=\\\"Diamond_svg__g\\\" x1=\\\"52.269\\\" x2=\\\"80.492\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF0\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".583\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now you might wonder what the difference is between this and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だけ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which expresses a similar idea. Luckily, there are some key differences.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しか\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" stresses the fact that it is only this one thing in exclusion to all else. Compare the following:\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] は、毎回[まいかい] 大[おお]きな ピザ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だけ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 買[か,かう]う 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Every time she buys only large pizzas.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] は、毎回[まいかい] 大[おお]きな ピザ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">しか\u003C\u002Fstrong> 買[か,かう]わない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Every time she buys nothing but large pizzas.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 1,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だけ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", on the other hand, is purely descriptive and neutral.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The final difference is one already mentioned: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しか\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can only be used with negative expressions. This is not the case with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だけ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":722,"title":747,"mod":748,"grammarPoint":749,"grammarPointTitle":750,"grammarPointDescription":751,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":752,"similarGrammarPoints":759,"tags":760,"content":762,"dependentGrammarPoints":763,"language":22},"「ばかり」”X, and nothing else\"",1769137297039,"bakari-something-only-thing","[JLPT N3] 「ばかり」 (bakari) | \"X Is the Only Thing\" | Japanese Grammar","ばかり means “only” or “just,” showing something is limited to one thing, or “just did,” showing an action happened very recently. It can also imply someone does something too much.",[753,754,755,756,757,758],20463397960025,20463397960026,20463397960027,20463397960047,20463397960048,20463397960049,[713,721],[83,21,761],"japanese-bakari-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ばかり」”X, and nothing else\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Only, just, nothing but\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"We already showed you two ways to express \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"only\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"just\"\n }), \". Here we have our third one. Don't worry; we will also discuss the differences. The essence of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ばかり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is that there is nothing else but what is stated.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One of the basic patterns you will encounter this word in is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">noun\u003C\u002Fstrong>ばかり\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">verb\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Below is a comparison of a sentence with and without \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ばかり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ママ は 、本[ほん] 読[よ,よむ]んで いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mom's reading books.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ママ は 、本[ほん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ばかり\u003C\u002Fstrong> 読[よ,よむ]んで いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mom's doing nothing but reading books.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.152-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ばかり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" follows a verb in its non-past form, it means that there is nothing left to do besides what is stated.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"娘[むすめ] の 病気[びょうき] が 悪化[あっか] する[,為る*する] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ばかり\u003C\u002Fstrong> だ 。母[はは] は 、辛[つら,つらい]くて たまらない[,たまらない] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) daughter's illness is only getting worse. (My) mom is suffering terribly (as a result).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.152-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If the verb is in its past-form, the meaning changes slightly to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"almost no time has passed since X\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食事[しょくじ] を 食[た,たべる]べた \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ばかり\u003C\u002Fstrong> だ から、プール に 入[はい,はいる]っちゃ ダメ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Because you just ate, you shouldn’t get into the pool.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.152-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another frequent construct you might encounter is a verb in its て-form + \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ばかり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" + \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Here the meaning is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"only doing X\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"幼[おさな,おさない]い 弟[おとうと] は 泣[な,なく]いて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ばっかり\u003C\u002Fstrong> いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) little brother is doing nothing but crying.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.152-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: 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stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003ClinearGradient id=\\\"Diamond_svg__g\\\" x1=\\\"52.269\\\" x2=\\\"80.492\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF0\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".583\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"We already discussed the difference between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しか\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だけ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". So, what is the difference between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しか\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ばかり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"? The most significant difference is the focus. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ばかり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" focuses on what is being done and that it is being done more than one would expect. Let's compare the following:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"寿司[すし] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ばかり\u003C\u002Fstrong> 食[た,たべる]べた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"They ate only sushi (and a lot of it).\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"寿司[すし] しか 食[た,たべる]べなかった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"They ate nothing but sushi.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"寿司[すし] だけ 食[た,たべる]べた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"They only ate sushi. [neutral description of the event]\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":739,"title":766,"mod":767,"grammarPoint":768,"grammarPointTitle":769,"grammarPointDescription":770,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":771,"similarGrammarPoints":772,"tags":773,"content":774,"dependentGrammarPoints":775,"language":22,"similarPoints":776,"prereqPoints":777},"The negative form of う verbs",1769066376728,"u-verbs-negation","[JLPT N5] Negating U-verbs | Japanese Verbs","To make the negative form of an -う verb, replace the final -u sound with an -a and then add 「ない」. For example: 聞く (to listen) → 聞か → 聞かない. ",[457],[],[23,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The negative form of う verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Say someone didn't do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In this lesson, you’ll learn how to make the negative form of Japanese u-verbs. Here, negative does not mean \\\"bad\\\" but rather \\\"did not happen\\\".\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"An introduction to Japanese verb conjugation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"One of the best ways to make verb \\\"conjugation\\\" easier is by understanding the system as a whole. As a reminder, verb conjugation is the process of changing verb forms to convey extra information. In English, this typically involves adding letters, e.g. to form the past tense you often add \\\"ed\\\" to the end of a verb.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Japanese doesn't adhere to traditional conjugations; instead, it functions as more of an agglutinative language. As the name suggests, this involves \\\"gluing\\\" many different isolated pieces together to form a new word.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This means that, so long as you know the core, also called the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"stem\"\n }), \", you can simply change out the same \\\"pieces\\\" as needed. As we will see, this mostly comes into play with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"u-verbs\"\n }), \", since \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"ru-verbs\"\n }), \" don't have different stems — you simply replace the る with whatever element you want.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To review, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"u-verbs\"\n }), \" end in a \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" sound, which means they have the following endings, marked in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"blue\"\n }), \" in the table below. Here is an example verb:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"書[か,かく]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">く\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To write\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If we now change our last kana く, from the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"u-column\"\n }), \" to the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"a-column\"\n }), \", we get a new verb stem and can attach different auxiliaries, or helper verbs, to express specific meanings. For example, if we attach the auxiliary adjective \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", we can express the negative.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"書[か,かく]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">か\u003C\u002Fstrong>　+　ない　=　書[か,かく]かない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To not write\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"A\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"I\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"U\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"E\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"O\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"あ\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"い\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"う\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"え\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"お\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"か\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"き\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"く\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"け\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"こ\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"さ\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"し\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"す\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"せ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"そ\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"た\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ち\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"つ\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"て\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"な\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"ぬ\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ね\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"の\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"ば\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"び\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"ぶ\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"べ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ぼ\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"ま\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"み\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"む\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"め\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"も\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"ら\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"り\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"る\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"れ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ろ\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"All other conjugations in Japanese function in a similar way. For every column you have a set of auxiliaries, or helper verbs, that you can attach to it to form a specific meaning.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the interest of simplicity, we will refer to these stem columns as the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"a-stem\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"i-stem\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"e-stem\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"o-stem\"\n }), \", respectively.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The following are the rules for constructing negative u-verbs.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For u-verbs that end in う like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"buy\"\n }), \", turn the う into わ and add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and you get \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]わない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not buy\"\n }), \". This is the only exception you need to remember.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For all other u-verbs, turn the last \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" vowel into the equivalent \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"a\"\n }), \" vowel and add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Verb\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kana Shift\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative Form\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"take out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"す \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"su\"\n }), \" → さ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"sa\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]さない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't take out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"write\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"く \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ku\"\n }), \" → か \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ka\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]かない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't write\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]ぐ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"swim\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぐ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"gu\"\n }), \" → が \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ga\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]がない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't swim\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"read\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"む \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"mu\"\n }), \" → ま \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ma\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]まない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't read\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]ぬ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"die\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぬ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"nu\"\n }), \" → な \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"na\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]なない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't die\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]ぶ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"fly\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぶ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"bu\"\n }), \" → ば \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ba\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]ばない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't fly\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"return\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"る \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ru\"\n }), \" → ら \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ra\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]らない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't return\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]つ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"stand\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"つ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"tsu\"\n }), \" → た \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ta\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]たない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't stand\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"buy\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"う \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" → わ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"wa\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]わない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't buy\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's take a look at some examples that use the negative form of a verb in a sentence.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"朝[あさ]ごはん の 前[まえ] に 新聞[しんぶん] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">読[よ,よむ]まない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don’t read the newspaper before breakfast.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.32-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"その 古[ふる,ふるい]い ドローン は もう \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">飛[と,とぶ]ばない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That old drone doesn’t fly anymore.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.32-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] は 高[たか,たかい]い ブランド品[ぶらんどひん] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">買[か,かう]わない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She doesn’t buy expensive branded goods.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.32-３-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-a-stem + ない\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"書[か,かく]かない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[502],{"id":740,"title":779,"mod":780,"grammarPoint":781,"grammarPointTitle":782,"grammarPointDescription":783,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":784,"similarGrammarPoints":785,"tags":786,"content":787,"dependentGrammarPoints":788,"language":22,"similarPoints":789,"prereqPoints":790},"The negative form of る verbs",1769066341629,"ru-verbs-negation","[JLPT N5] ~ない (~nai) | Negating Ru-Verbs | Japanese Verbs","To make the negative form of a -る verb, simply replace 「る」 with 「ない」. For example, 食べる (to eat) becomes 食べない (to not eat).",[465],[],[23,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The negative form of る verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Say someone didn't do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In this lesson, you’ll learn how to make the negative form of Japanese verbs. Here, negative does not mean \\\"bad\\\" but rather \\\"did not happen\\\".\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Forming the negative of ru-verbs is a piece of cake compared to u-verbs: simply remove the る and add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't go out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't eat\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"That's it. No exceptions!\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 朝ご飯[あさごはん] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don’t eat breakfast.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.33-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] は 彼[かれ] の 言葉[ことば] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">信[しん,しんじる]じない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She doesn’t believe his words.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.33-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[476],{"id":741,"title":792,"mod":793,"grammarPoint":794,"grammarPointTitle":795,"grammarPointDescription":796,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":797,"similarGrammarPoints":798,"tags":799,"content":800,"dependentGrammarPoints":801,"language":22,"similarPoints":802,"prereqPoints":803},"The negative form of irregular verbs",1769066358518,"irregular-verbs-negation","[JLPT N5] Negating Irregular Verbs | Japanese Verbs","The negative form of する、来る、行く、and ある all end with ない, but their construction is a bit unique. Here's how that works.",[466],[],[23,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The negative form of irregular verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Say someone didn't do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In this lesson, you’ll learn how to make the negative form of irregular Japanese verbs. Here, negative does not mean \\\"bad\\\" but rather \\\"did not happen\\\".\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here are the negative forms of irregular verbs. These verbs are used very frequently, so you will master them quickly.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative Form\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"do\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し[,為る*する]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[!く,くる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"come\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[!こ,くる]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't come\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]かない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't go\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"exist\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't exist\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Now, let's look at some examples in sentences.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は テニス を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]ない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He doesn’t play tennis.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.34-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友達[ともだち] が パーティー に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">来[こ,くる]ない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My friend isn’t coming to the party.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.34-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本語[にほんご] の 辞書[じしょ] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ない[,ない]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don’t have a Japanese dictionary.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.34-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 明日[がっこう] 学校[がっこう] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">行[い,いく]かない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’m not going to school tomorrow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.34-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to exist\"\n }), \" are not listed as irregular verbs in most textbooks, but as their most used forms behave irregularly, we count them as such.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[487],{"id":805,"title":806,"mod":807,"grammarPoint":808,"grammarPointTitle":809,"grammarPointDescription":810,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":811,"similarGrammarPoints":812,"tags":816,"content":817,"dependentGrammarPoints":818,"language":22,"similarPoints":819,"prereqPoints":854},20463397959977,"「か」(1) Turn statements into questions",1769135362822,"ka-ask-questions","[JLPT N5] 「か」(ka) | Asking Questions in Japanese | Japanese Particle","To turn a statement into a question in Japanese, simply attach か to the very end of the sentence. It's that easy!",[],[813,814,815],20463397960107,20463397960133,20463397960296,[23,17,137],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「か」(1) Turn statements into questions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Japanese's audible question mark\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be added to turn a statement into a question. Everything else, including the word order, remains unchanged.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"店[みせ] で 弁当[べんとう] を 買[か,かう]う 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I will) buy box lunch at the store.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"店[みせ] で 弁当[べんとう] を 買[か,かう]う か ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Will you buy box lunch at the store?\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"明日[あした] 一緒[いっしょ] に ピザ 食[た,たべる]べる \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">か\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Will you eat pizza with me tomorrow?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.35-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あの 高[たか,たかい]い 車[くるま] を 買[か,かう]う \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">か\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Will you buy that expensive car?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.35-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be attached to nouns, i- and na-adjectives, as well as verbs.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, questions can be asked without \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but more on that later.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n 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_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ます-form\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"です\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is attached to nouns and i-adjectives\u002Fna-adjectives..\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる か・食[た,たべる]べます か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"安[やす,やすい]い か・安[やす,やすい]い です か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"嫌[きら]い か・嫌[きら]い です か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"車[くるま] か・車[くるま] です か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"We haven't delved much into the polite forms of Japanese just yet. For now, it will help you to think of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"です\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as the polite equivalent of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", even though this is not entirely accurate.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"There are many other ways of forming questions in Japanese, which will be touched on later.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[820,832,843],{"id":813,"title":821,"mod":822,"grammarPoint":823,"grammarPointTitle":824,"grammarPointDescription":825,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":826,"similarGrammarPoints":828,"tags":829,"content":830,"dependentGrammarPoints":831,"language":22},"Asking questions in plain form",1769138639608,"asking-questions-plain-form","[JLPT N5] | Plain-form Questions | Japanese Grammar","In Japanese, there are many ways to ask questions. You can simply raise your voice at the end of a sentence, use the negative form of verbs, or add の or か.",[805,827],20463397960102,[805,827],[27,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Asking questions in plain form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Besides using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", there are other ways to ask questions in Japanese. Let's go over them!\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You can simply raise the tone of your voice at the end of a sentence to indicate a question, without adding anything else.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：クッキー 食[た,たべる]べて いい[,良い*いい] ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：ううん 。駄目[だめ] だ 。これ は 弟[おとうと] の だ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Can (I) eat the cookies? \u003Cbr> B: Nah. no way. They are (my) younger brother's!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.166-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：鍵[かぎ] を 閉[し,しめる]めた ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：忘[わす,わすれる]れた ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Did (you) lock the door? \u003Cbr> B: (I) forgot!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.166-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"If you want to improve your ear for pitch in Japanese, try out our Migaku Pitch Trainer.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You can also ask indirectly by turning a verb into its negative form. However, remember that the tone still rises at the end.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：そっち に 小泉[!こいずみ] 首相[しゅしょう] 行[い,いく]かなかった ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：来[き,くる]てない 。あっち に 行[い,いく]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Didn't Prime Minister Koizumi go there? \u003Cbr> B: (He) didn't go. He went over there (in a different direction).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.166-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can also ask questions by simply adding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" at the end of a sentence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：今日[きょう] の 仕事[しごと] は これ で 終[お,おわる]わり か ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：まだ だ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Is today's work finished with this? \u003Cbr> B: Not yet!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.166-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：彼[かれ] の 名前[なまえ] 覚[おぼ,おぼえる]えた の ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：全然[ぜんぜん] 覚[おぼ,おぼえる]えてない ・・・\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Did (you) remember his name? \u003Cbr> B: (I) don't remember it at all ...\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.166-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Remember that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used for questions as well as explanations. The question form comes with a change in intonation.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":814,"title":833,"mod":834,"grammarPoint":835,"grammarPointTitle":836,"grammarPointDescription":837,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":838,"similarGrammarPoints":839,"tags":840,"content":841,"dependentGrammarPoints":842,"language":22},"Questions about time, duration and distance",1769139778023,"time-duration-distance-questions","[JLPT N5] | Questions About Time, Duration and Distance | Japanese Grammar","To ask about a time, a duration, or something similar, you just combine a word that expresses it with the question word 何.",[],[],[27,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Questions about time, duration and distance\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"How can we request information concerning time distance and duration of something? Let's take a look. The general pattern you will see is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", read as なん, is followed by a counter that refers to time, duration, or distance.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"First, let's cover time questions. Some useful terms are \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何分[なんぷん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何時[なんじ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何日[なんにち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何月[なんがつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何年[なんねん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Respectively, they mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"when\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what minute\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what time\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what day\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what month\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what year\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"電車[でんしゃ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">何分[なんぷん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 出発[しゅっぱつ] し[,為る*する]ます か 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What minute does the train depart?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.192-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">いつ\u003C\u002Fstrong> ロス に 着[つ,つく]いた の ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：金曜日[きんようび] に 着[つ,つく]いた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: When did (you) arrive in Los Angeles? \u003Cbr> B: (I) arrived on Friday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.192-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"会議[かいぎ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">何日[なんにち]\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 行[おこな,おこなう]われます か 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"On what day will the meeting be held?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.192-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For duration, we have \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何分[なんぷん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何時間[なんじかん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何日[なんにち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何週間[なんしゅうかん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何ヶ月[なんかげつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何年[なんねん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". As you can see, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何分[なんぷん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何日[なんにち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何年[なんねん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are used again as they can be used to ask what day\u002Fyear it is, or how many minutes\u002Fdays\u002Fyears.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ここ から 駅[えき] まで \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">何時間[なんじかん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> かか[,かかる]ります か 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How many hours does it take from here to the station?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.192-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本語[にほんご] を 勉強[べんきょう] し[,為る*する]て \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">何年[なんねん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> に な[,成る*なる]ります か 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How many years has it been since you started studying Japanese?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.192-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：弟[おとうと] は 、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">何カ月[なんかげつ]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 学校[がっこう] に 行[い,いく]ってない の ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：8カ月[はちかげつ,カ月*かげつ] 行[い,いく]って い[,居る*いる]ない ・・\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: How many months has (your) younger brother not been going to school? \u003Cbr> B: (He) hasn't been going for 8 months\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.192-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Last but not least, distances.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：こっち から あっち まで 、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">何キロ[なんきろ]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 離[はな,はなれる]れて いる[,居る*いる] ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：３０キロ[さんじゅっきろ,キロ*きろ] だ ！徒歩[とほ] で ８時間[はちじかん,時間*じかん] は かかる[,掛かる*かかる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: How many kilometers is it from here to there? \u003Cbr> B: Thirty kilometers! It takes 8 hours by foot. (Literally: how many kilometers seperated?)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.192-7-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":815,"title":844,"mod":845,"grammarPoint":846,"grammarPointTitle":847,"grammarPointDescription":848,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":849,"similarGrammarPoints":850,"tags":851,"content":852,"dependentGrammarPoints":853,"language":22},"“Why” in Japanese",1769249146045,"the-why-questions","[JLPT N5] | “Why” in Japanese | Japanese Grammar","Learn the subtle differences between どうして, なんで, and なぜ—three common ways to ask “why” in Japanese.",[],[],[27,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"“Why” in Japanese\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Why, how come\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When asking \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"why\"\n }), \" in Japanese, there are three frequently used words: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どうして\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なんで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なぜ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It can be confusing to differentiate between the three, so let's review some of their differences.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なぜ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" does not express the speaker's emotions, is commonly used in written Japanese, and is considered more polite than the other two options.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">なぜ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 日本語[にほんご] を 勉強[べんきょう] し[,為る*する]て い[,居る*いる]ます ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why are you studying Japanese?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.355-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なんで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a more casual and colloquial expression often used by children and young people in everyday conversations.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">なんで\u003C\u002Fstrong> 電話[でんわ] し[,為る*する]て くれ[,くれる]なかった の ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why didn’t you call me?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.355-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どうして\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is more emotive and can express various feelings such as frustration, surprise, regret, or wonder.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どうして\u003C\u002Fstrong> 妹[いもうと] と 遊[あそ,あそぶ]んで あげ[,あげる]ない ん です か ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：妹[いもうと] は ゲーム が 出来[でき,できる]ない から ね 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Why don't you play with (your) little sister? \u003Cbr> B: Because (my) sister can't play games.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.355-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Although the original intention is to inquire about the reason or cause, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どうして\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" contains more of the speaker's emotions, so it is not uncommon to find cases where it forms a rhetorical question, such as in the following example:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"たくさん 勉強[べんきょう] し[,する]た のに 、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どうして\u003C\u002Fstrong> 大学[だいがく] 試験[しけん] の 日[ひ] に 寝坊[ねぼう] し[,する]て しまった ん だ ！？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even though (I) studied a lot, why did (I) end up oversleeping on the day of the college exam!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.355-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"どうして\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"なんで\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"なぜ\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Emotional\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Somewhat emotional\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Rational\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Spoken\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Spoken\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Written\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"More emotive\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Often used by young people and difficult to use with superiors\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Simply used to ask why, without any other connotation\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":856,"title":857,"mod":858,"grammarPoint":859,"grammarPointTitle":860,"grammarPointDescription":861,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":862,"similarGrammarPoints":863,"tags":865,"content":866,"dependentGrammarPoints":867,"language":22,"similarPoints":868,"prereqPoints":880},20463397959978,"「から」(1) Indicate the reason for something",1769065240360,"kara-show-reasons","[JLPT N5] 「から」(kara) | “Because” or “Since” | Japanese Particle","The basic structure for showing reasons in Japanese is AからB, in which A represents the reason and B the result. ",[],[864],20463397960312,[17,23,137],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「から」(1) Indicate the reason for something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Because, since\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to express the reason or cause of something. When used in this manner, it can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"because\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"since\"\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"so\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The typical structure is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> から \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" representing the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"reason\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \", the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"result\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used with verbs or い-adjectives in any tense, you can simply attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" directly.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"雨[あめ] が 降[ふ,ふる]って いる[,居る*いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">から\u003C\u002Fstrong>、傘[かさ] を 持[も,もつ]って 行[い,いく]った 方[ほう] が いい[,良い*いい] よ。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Since it’s raining, you’d better take an umbrella.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.36-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"安[やす,やすい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">から\u003C\u002Fstrong>、この Ｔシャツ を 二枚[にまい] 買[か,かう]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Because it was cheap, I bought two of these T-shirts.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.36-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the case of nouns or な-adjectives, either \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" must be inserted before \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"雨[あめ] だ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">から\u003C\u002Fstrong>、ピクニック は 中止[ちゅうし] に な[,成る*なる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It rained, so the picnic was canceled.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.36-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"有名[ゆうめい] だ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">から\u003C\u002Fstrong>、観光客[かんこうきゃく] が 多[おお,おおい]い 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Because it’s famous, there are many tourists.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.36-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The result may not always be stated, but instead merely implied. In response to the question \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Why is this product so expensive?\"\n }), \", the following reply would be sufficient.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"新[あたら,あたらしい]しい 商品[しょうひん] だ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">から\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Because it's a new product.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.36-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + から\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"行[い,いく]く から\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + から\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"安[やす,やすい]い から・安[やす,やすい]かった から\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + だから\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"嫌い[きらい] だ から・嫌い[きらい] だった から\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + だから\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"車[くるま] だ から・車[くるま] だった から\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Reason\u002FCauseからResult\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学校[がっこう] に 行[い,いく]く から、毎日[まいにち] 勉強[べんきょう] する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[869],{"id":864,"title":870,"mod":871,"grammarPoint":872,"grammarPointTitle":873,"grammarPointDescription":874,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":875,"similarGrammarPoints":876,"tags":877,"content":878,"dependentGrammarPoints":879,"language":22},"「ので」Express a reason or cause",1766465681151,"node-express-reason-cause","[JLPT N5] 「ので」 (node) | Express a Reason or Cause | Japanese Grammar","Use ので to give objective, often formal reasons for actions—implying the cause-effect is natural or self-evident, unlike the more subjective から.",[],[856],[27,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ので」Express a reason or cause\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Because, since\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Besides \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ので\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is another way to express are reason or cause.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used with verbs or い-adjectives, you can simply attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ので\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to them. For nouns and な-adjectives, you have to insert \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" between them. 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generally used more in formal settings, while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is more casual. This means that when talking with friends or family, you would use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" over \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ので\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Although, you could debate whether this difference in politeness is an inherent characteristic of both words or the result of the second reason we will cover below.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"On a basic level, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ので\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses an objective cause-effect relationship that everyone can understand and comprehend. The nuance is that the cause-and-effect relationship is generally valid in the world, and it can be seen as self-evident rather than the speaker's opinion.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"On the other hand, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses the reason for a statement and connects what is said before and after from a subjective standpoint of the speaker. This means that the causal relationship in a sentence is not necessarily self-evident and is a connection the speaker came to as a result of their own thinking.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let’s look at an example.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 風邪[かぜ] を 引[ひ,ひく]いた \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">から\u003C\u002Fstrong>、学校[がっこう] を 休[やす,やすむ]みます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Today I'm taking a day off from school because I have a cold.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 風邪[かぜ] を 引[ひ,ひく]いた \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ので\u003C\u002Fstrong>、学校[がっこう] を 休[やす,やすむ]みます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Today I'm taking a day off from school because I have a cold.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"今日[きょう] は 風邪[かぜ] を 引[ひ,ひく]いた\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is our reason \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"学校[がっこう] を 休[やす,やすむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is our result \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" here, it gives the impression that the speaker themselves decided that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" has to be done given \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \", rather than it being a self-evident connection. In this case it would mean the speaker has taken it upon themselves to stay home from school because of their cold, which wouldn't be an appropriate way to express that they are ill.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ので\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it is implied that the two events are generally considered to have a self-evident connection. Meaning it is as if the speaker is saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"when people get a cold it is self-explanatory that they don’t go to school, so I did the same\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"That is why generally you should use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ので\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" when explaining yourself like in the above example; it implies that what you did wasn’t something you yourself just decided on your own. Rather, you were just following a generally accepted rule. Or to put it differently, instead of stating your own opinion, you followed the prevailing view. Yeah, basically like shirking responsibility with the age-old \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I was just following orders\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let’s take a quick look at another example.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"天気[てんき] が いい[,いい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">から\u003C\u002Fstrong>、散歩[さんぽ] し[,する]ましょう 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's go for a walk because the weather is nice.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ので\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" here would sound a little bit off. But why is this the case? Let’s take a look using what we learned above.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"First, consider the formality. The sentence already uses \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しましょう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" at the end, which is a polite expression, so inserting the more polite \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ので\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in here shouldn’t feel off from that point of view.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Second, consider the subjectivity. If you think about it, there is no self-evident connection between the weather being good and going for a walk. Other people might like to relax at home, go for a bike ride, swim, or go shopping on a nice day. The speaker is basing it off their own reasoning and opinion. Therefore, using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ので\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" would feel a bit out of place, and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" should be used instead.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":882,"title":883,"mod":884,"grammarPoint":885,"grammarPointTitle":886,"grammarPointDescription":887,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":888,"similarGrammarPoints":889,"tags":892,"content":893,"dependentGrammarPoints":894,"language":22,"similarPoints":895,"prereqPoints":920},20463397959979,"「けど」Express contradiction",1750803760630,"kedo-indicate-contrast","[JLPT N5] 「けど」(kedo) | Add Contrast to a Statement | Japanese Particle","The particle けど is used to show that something is somehow not in line with what you expected. For example, おいしいけど means “it's delicious, but...”",[],[890,891],20463397960303,20463397960314,[23,17,137],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「けど」Express contradiction\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"But, although, however\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"けど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is one of the first particles that we will discuss that can express \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"but\"\n }), \". It can be attached to a clause or placed at the beginning of a sentence. Broadly speaking, it conveys that what follows is different from what one might have expected.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"読[よ,よむ]んだ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">けど\u003C\u002Fstrong>、内容[ないよう] が よ[,良い*いい]く 理解[りかい] でき[,出来る*できる]なかった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I read it, but I couldn’t fully understand the content.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.37-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この ケーキ は おいしい[,美味しい*おいしい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">けど\u003C\u002Fstrong>、ちょっと 甘[あま,あまい] すぎる[,すぎる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This cake is delicious, but it’s a bit too sweet.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.37-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 問題[もんだい] は 簡単[かんたん] だ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">けど\u003C\u002Fstrong>、時間[じかん] が かかる[,掛かる*かかる] よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This problem is simple, but it takes time.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.37-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] の 誕生日[たんじょうび] だ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">けど\u003C\u002Fstrong>、プレゼント は い[,要る*いる]らない よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's my birthday, but I don't need a present.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.37-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + けど\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"言[い,いう]う けど\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + けど\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"安[やす,やすい]い けど\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + だけど\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"きれい だ けど\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + だけど\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"トム だ けど\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Clause + けど + Clause\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 学生[がくせい] じゃない けど、彼[かれ] は 学生[がくせい] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[896,909],{"id":890,"title":897,"mod":898,"grammarPoint":899,"grammarPointTitle":900,"grammarPointDescription":901,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":902,"similarGrammarPoints":903,"tags":906,"content":907,"dependentGrammarPoints":908,"language":22},"「が」(4) \"But…” \u002F “however…\"",1769249521403,"ga-but","[JLPT N5] 「が」 (ga) | \"But…” \u002F “However…\" | Japanese Grammar","Learn how to use が to express contrast (like \"but\"), link ideas, ask questions, or make polite requests—depending on context and sentence ending.",[],[882,904,905],20463397959980,20463397960106,[27,21,141],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「が」(4) \\\"But…” \u002F “however…\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"But, however, still, and\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It's time to learn something new about \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is its ability to function as a way to express contrastive ideas, similar to the word \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"but\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ビール は 飲[の,のむ]む \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">が\u003C\u002Fstrong> ワイン は 飲[の,のむ]まない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) drink beer but don't drink wine.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"With \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"verbs or い-adjectives\"\n }), \", you can simply attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to them.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"仕事[しごと] は し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">が\u003C\u002Fstrong>、収入[しゅうにゅう] は まだ 不十分[ふじゅうぶん] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’m working, but my income is still insufficient.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.362-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"な-adjectives or nouns\"\n }), \", you have to add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"です\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" before the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". As you can see in the example below, the first sentence can also end in a polite form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"娘[むすめ] です \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">が\u003C\u002Fstrong>、似[に,にてる]ていません 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She is my daughter, but we don’t look alike.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.362-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Unfortunately, it gets a bit more complicated than that because \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used to combine two sentences that do not express contrasting ideas. Here, it is often used to preface a question, a request, or an order.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：大麻[たいま] が 手[て] に 入[はい,はいる]った ん だ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">が\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、一緒[いっしょ] に やら[,やる]ない か ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：俺[おれ] は そんな 物[もの] に は 、手[て] を 出[だ,だす]さない ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: (I) got some weed, want to do it together? \u003Cbr> B: I don't get involved with that kind of stuff.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.362-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The last new use case is as a way to soften something and show hesitation. It is often used when making a request. This one is easy to spot, as the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" gets put at the end of the sentence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"すみません、ちょっと 通[とお,とおる]りたい ん です \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">が\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Excuse me, I’d like to get through.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.362-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + が\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる が ・ 食[た,たべる]べた が\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + が\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い が ・ 高[たか,たかい]かった が\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + だが\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静か[しずか] だ が ・ 静か[しずか] だった が\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + だが\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] だ が ・ 学生[がくせい] だった が\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":891,"title":910,"mod":911,"grammarPoint":912,"grammarPointTitle":913,"grammarPointDescription":914,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":915,"similarGrammarPoints":916,"tags":917,"content":918,"dependentGrammarPoints":919,"language":22},"「けれども」A formal structure to express contradiction",1769249823450,"keredomo-express-contradiction","[JLPT N5] 「けれども」 (keredomo) | A Formal Structure to Express Contradiction | Japanese Grammar","Expresses contrast using the formal connector けれども, meaning “although” or “though,” often introducing an unexpected or opposing idea.",[],[882,904,890],[27,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「けれども」A formal structure to express contradiction\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Although, though\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"けど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to connect two sentences with the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"though\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"although\"\n }), \". The formal variant of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"けど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"けれども\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which makes it easy to remember. Whether attached to a clause or placed at the beginning of a sentence, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"it signals that what comes next will be different from what one might expect based on the preceding clause or sentence\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本語[にほんご] は 難[むず,むずかしい]しい \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">けれども\u003C\u002Fstrong>、毎日[まいにち] 少[すこ]し ずつ 勉強[べんきょう] し[,為る*する]て い[,居る*いる]ます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Japanese is difficult, but I study a little every day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.373-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ピアノ は 上手[じょうず] じゃない \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">けれども\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、弾[ひ,ひく]く の は 好[す]き だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I'm) not skilled at piano, but (I) like to play.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.373-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ けど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used with the same meaning at the beginning of a sentence. The \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"けれども\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" version of this would be \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ けれども\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"です けれども\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + けれども\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べた けれども\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + けれども\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"熱[あつ,あつい]い けれども\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + だけれども\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か だ けれども\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + だけれども\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] だ けれども\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Sentence + けれども + Sentence\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お 父様[とうさま] は 返事[へんじ] を し[,する]なかった けれども、絶対[ぜったい] に 部屋[へや] に い[,いる]ます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":904,"title":922,"mod":923,"grammarPoint":924,"grammarPointTitle":925,"grammarPointDescription":926,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":927,"similarGrammarPoints":928,"tags":929,"content":930,"dependentGrammarPoints":931,"language":22,"similarPoints":932,"prereqPoints":933},"「だけど」”However\"",1769067449969,"dakedo-however","[JLPT N5] 「だけど」(dakedo) | “But” or “However” | Japanese Grammar","だけど means the same thing as けど, but the addition of だ enables it to begin a sentence. In this way, it is similar to “however”.",[882],[890,891],[23,17,137],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「だけど」”However\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"けど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to connect two clauses with the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"but\"\n }), \". It can also be used as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ けど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" at the beginning of a sentence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"けど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it indicates information contrary to expectation, so it can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"however\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"２時間[にじかん,時間*じかん] 待[ま,まつ]った 。\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だ けど\u003C\u002Fstrong>、彼[かれ] は 来[こ,くる]なかった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I waited for 2 hours. But he didn't come.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.38-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"言[い,いう]いたい こと[,事*こと] は わかる[,分かる*わかる] 。\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だ けど\u003C\u002Fstrong>、決[き,きまる]まった こと[,事*こと] は 変[か,かえる]えられない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I understand what you want to say. But we can't change what's been decided.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.38-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here is one way you can think of this expression to make it easier to remember.\\n\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses that something exists a certain way, so we can think of it as meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it is this way\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"And as we learned in the previous lesson, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"けど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses a contradiction similar to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"but\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If we now combine these two, we get \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" + \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"けど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"it is this way, but\"\n }), \", in reference to some previous statement.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"だけど + Sentence\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"だ けど、私[わたし] は 行[い,いく]かなかった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[896,909],[934],{"id":882,"title":883,"mod":884,"grammarPoint":885,"grammarPointTitle":886,"grammarPointDescription":887,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":888,"similarGrammarPoints":889,"tags":935,"content":893,"dependentGrammarPoints":894,"language":22},[27,21,141],{"id":937,"title":938,"mod":939,"grammarPoint":940,"grammarPointTitle":941,"grammarPointDescription":942,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":943,"similarGrammarPoints":944,"tags":945,"content":946,"dependentGrammarPoints":947,"language":22,"similarPoints":948,"prereqPoints":949},20463397959981,"「たち」Refer to multiple people",1769135362823,"multiple-people-suffix-tachi","[JLPT N5] 「たち」(tachi) | Pluralize People Words | Japanese Grammar","The suffix たち attaches to words that represent a person to make them plural. For example, 私 (I) becomes 私たち (we). ",[],[],[23,17,211],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「たち」Refer to multiple people\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"A pluralizing suffix only used for people\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The suffix \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"達[たち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", often written as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", can be used to pluralize people. It is important to note that it cannot be used for objects!\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You will often see it attached to first person pronouns, such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"私[わたし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"僕[ぼく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"俺[おれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", turning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I\"\n }), \" into \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"we\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">私達[わたしたち]\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 明日[あした] 一緒[いっしょ] に ディズニー に 行[い,いく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We are going to Disney together tomorrow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.39-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"But it can also be used with second person pronouns, like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あなた\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"君[きみ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お前[おまえ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", forming a plural \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"you\"\n }), \", akin to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"y’all\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"you guys\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">君[きみ] たち\u003C\u002Fstrong> も 昨日[きのう] 運動[うんどう] し[,為る*する]た ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Did you guys also do sports yesterday?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.39-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Lastly, it can also be attached to third person pronouns and nouns that refer to people.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Teacher\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.39-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">たち\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Teachers\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.39-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"However, it is important not to fixate too much on the English translation of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"teachers\"\n }), \". This does not fully encapsulate the essence of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". For instance, one could say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"山田[やまだ] さん たち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but this does not mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the Yamada-sans\"\n }), \" as in a group of people named Yamada. If you view \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as a noun that refers to a group of people, you more closely approach the underlying meaning.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"山田[!やまだ] さん \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">たち\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The group of Yamada-san\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.39-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In effect, by adding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" you refer to the group, but single out one person who represents them.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 達\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"僕達[ぼくたち]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":80,"title":417,"mod":418,"grammarPoint":419,"grammarPointTitle":420,"grammarPointDescription":421,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":422,"similarGrammarPoints":423,"tags":951,"content":425,"dependentGrammarPoints":426,"language":22,"similarPoints":952,"prereqPoints":953},[23,17,408],[454],[],{"id":437,"title":443,"mod":444,"grammarPoint":445,"grammarPointTitle":446,"grammarPointDescription":447,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":448,"similarGrammarPoints":449,"tags":955,"content":451,"dependentGrammarPoints":452,"language":22,"similarPoints":956,"prereqPoints":959},[23,17,408],[957],{"id":429,"title":430,"mod":431,"grammarPoint":432,"grammarPointTitle":433,"grammarPointDescription":434,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":435,"similarGrammarPoints":436,"tags":958,"content":439,"dependentGrammarPoints":440,"language":22},[27,21,412],[416],{"id":961,"title":962,"mod":963,"grammarPoint":964,"grammarPointTitle":965,"grammarPointDescription":966,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":967,"similarGrammarPoints":968,"tags":969,"content":975,"dependentGrammarPoints":976,"language":22,"similarPoints":977,"prereqPoints":978},20463397959984,"「する」(1) Use nouns as verbs",1769235546348,"suru-turn-nouns-into-verbs","[JLPT N5] 「する」(suru) | Turn Nouns Into Verbs | Japanese Grammar","Many Japanese nouns can be turned into verbs simply by attaching する to them. For example: 勉強 (studies) → 勉強する (to study).",[],[],[23,17,468,970],{"id":971,"title":972,"description":973,"slug":974,"language":22},"1741861122646","する Series","Lesson teaches about する in some way","japanese-suru-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「する」(1) Use nouns as verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Many nouns in Japanese can be transformed into verbs by attaching the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to do\"\n }), \" to them. The usage of the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in between is optional.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"勉強[べんきょう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Study\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"勉強[べんきょう] (を) する[,為る*する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To study\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"明日[あした] 、友達[ともだち] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">電話[でんわ] する[,為る*する]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’ll call my friend tomorrow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.42-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"週末[しゅうまつ] も \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">仕事[しごと] する[,為る*する]\u003C\u002Fstrong> こと[,事*こと] が 多[おお,おおい]い 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I often work even on weekends.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.42-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In dictionaries that translate Japanese to English, these nouns are labeled as \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"suru verbs\"\n }), \". In dictionaries that translate Japanese to Japanese, the header of the dictionary definition will include the label スル to indicate that the noun can be transformed into a verb using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to do\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In the cards for this lesson, to contrast the usage of each noun—once as a pure noun and once as a suru-verb—each noun will first appear in its noun form, and then in a second sentence be used as a suru-verb.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Suru-Verb + (を)する\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"勉強[べんきょう] (を) する[,為る*する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":980,"title":981,"mod":444,"grammarPoint":982,"grammarPointTitle":983,"grammarPointDescription":984,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":985,"similarGrammarPoints":986,"tags":989,"content":990,"dependentGrammarPoints":991,"language":22,"similarPoints":992,"prereqPoints":1013},20463397959985,"Using い adjectives to describe verbs","i-adjectives-as-adverbs","[JLPT N5] 「く」(ku) | Turn い Adjectives into Adverbs | Japanese Grammar","Replace the い in an い-adjectives with く to turn it into an adverb. This lets you use い-adjectives to describe verbs. 早い (quick) → 早く(quickly)",[399],[987,988],20463397959986,20463397959987,[23,17,408],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Using い adjectives to describe verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Adverbs are words you use to describe verbs or adjectives\"\n }), \". In the English sentence \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"He runs quickly\"\n }), \", quickly is the adverb, as it describes \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"how\"\n }), \" he runs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When it comes to い-adjectives, transforming them into adverbs is a simple process. Simply add く to the い-adjective stem (the い-adjective minus い).\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"早[はや,はやい]い　→　早[はや,はやい]く\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"quick → quickly\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"早[はや,はやい]く 食[た,たべる]べる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Eat quickly\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Remember that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"good\"\n }), \" is an exception when it comes to conjugations. The く-form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よく\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">速[はや,はやい]く\u003C\u002Fstrong> 走[はし,はしる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He ran quickly.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.43-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"風[かぜ] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">強[つよ,つよい]く\u003C\u002Fstrong> 吹[ふ,ふく]いて いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The wind is blowing strongly.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.43-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">上手[うま,うまい]く\u003C\u002Fstrong> ピアノ を 弾[ひ,ひく]いた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He played the piano skillfully.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.43-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As can be seen above, in our lessons, you'll encounter the term \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"conjugation\"\n }), \" to describe the various forms of Japanese verbs. Technically, what occurs in Japanese is not conjugation as commonly understood, but rather a process called \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"agglutination\"\n }), \". In agglutination, longer words are formed by combining smaller units of meaning, which can also be disassembled.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For the sake of clarity and ease of understanding, we've opted to use the term \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"conjugation\"\n }), \" throughout our lessons.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-Stem + く\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"早[はや,はやい]く\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-Stem + く + Verb\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"早[はや,はやい]く 食[た,たべる]べる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[993,1003],{"id":987,"title":994,"mod":444,"grammarPoint":995,"grammarPointTitle":996,"grammarPointDescription":997,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":998,"similarGrammarPoints":999,"tags":1000,"content":1001,"dependentGrammarPoints":1002,"language":22},"Using な adjectives to describe verbs","na-adjectives-as-toverbs","[JLPT N5] 「に」(ni) | Turn な Adjectives Into Adverbs | Japanese Grammar","Replace the な in a な-adjectives with に to turn it into an adverb. This lets you use な-adjectives to describe verbs. 静かな (quiet) → 静かに (quietly)",[80],[980,988],[27,21,412],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Using な adjectives to describe verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Adverbs are words you use to describe verbs or adjectives\"\n }), \". In the English sentence \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"He runs quickly\"\n }), \", quickly is the adverb, as it describes \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"how\"\n }), \" he runs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To use な-adjectives as adverbs, you simply add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to them.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"下手[へた]　→　下手[へた] に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Poor → poorly\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">静[しず]か に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 部屋[へや] に 入[はい,はいる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He entered the room quietly.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.44-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子[こ]ども たち は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">元気[げんき] に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 遊[あそ,あそぶ]んで いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The children are playing energetically.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.44-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"問題[もんだい] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">慎重[しんちょう] に\u003C\u002Fstrong> チェック し[,為る*する]て ください 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please check the problems carefully.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.44-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"One could argue that these are not \\\"true\\\" adverbs in a technical sense, but for simplicity's sake, we will categorize them as such.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + に\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"下手[へた] に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + に + Verb\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"きれい に 食[た,たべる]べる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":988,"title":1004,"mod":444,"grammarPoint":1005,"grammarPointTitle":1006,"grammarPointDescription":1007,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1008,"similarGrammarPoints":1009,"tags":1010,"content":1011,"dependentGrammarPoints":1012,"language":22},"Using other adverbs to describe verbs","japanese-adverbs","[JLPT N5] How Japanese Adverbs Work | Japanese Grammar","While most adverbs are created from い- or な-adjectives, Japanese does have “true” adverbs. Some directly proceed verbs, some connect to verbs via に.",[],[980,987],[27,21,412],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Using other adverbs to describe verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Adverbs are words you use to describe verbs or adjectives\"\n }), \". In the English sentence \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"He runs quickly\"\n }), \", quickly is the adverb, as it describes \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"how\"\n }), \" he runs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Besides い- and な-adjectives, there are other adverbs that can be used to describe verbs or adjectives.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Below we will provide you a list of examples, but there's no need to try to memorize them immediately. Over time and through exposure to the language, you'll start to ingrain them. Unlike with な-adjectives, some of these adverbs use the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but not all of them.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"一生懸命[いっしょうけんめい]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"very hard\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ゆっくり\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"slowly\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"のんびり\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"leisurely\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"だんだん[,段々*だんだん]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"gradually\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"徐々[じょじょ] に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"gradually\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"次々[つぎつぎ] に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"in succession\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here are some example sentences using these adverbs.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">一生懸命[いっしょうけんめい] に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 働[はたら,はたらく]いて、夢[ゆめ] を 叶[かな,かなえる]えた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He worked with all his might and achieved his dream.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.45-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"休[やす]み の 日[ひ] は、朝[あさ]ごはん を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ゆっくり\u003C\u002Fstrong> 食[た,たべる]べる の が 好[す]き 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"On my days off, I like to eat breakfast slowly.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.45-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"夏休[なつやす]み は 田舎[いなか] で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">のんびり\u003C\u002Fstrong> 過[す,すごす]ごしたい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to spend my summer vacation relaxing in the countryside.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.45-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だんだん\u003C\u002Fstrong> 寒[さむ,さむい]く な[,成る*なる]って き[,来る*くる]た の で、コート を 出[だ,だす]した 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It’s gradually getting colder, so I took out my coat.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.45-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[454],{"id":987,"title":994,"mod":444,"grammarPoint":995,"grammarPointTitle":996,"grammarPointDescription":997,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":998,"similarGrammarPoints":999,"tags":1015,"content":1001,"dependentGrammarPoints":1002,"language":22,"similarPoints":1016,"prereqPoints":1019},[23,17,408],[1017,1003],{"id":980,"title":981,"mod":444,"grammarPoint":982,"grammarPointTitle":983,"grammarPointDescription":984,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":985,"similarGrammarPoints":986,"tags":1018,"content":990,"dependentGrammarPoints":991,"language":22},[27,21,412],[416],{"id":988,"title":1004,"mod":444,"grammarPoint":1005,"grammarPointTitle":1006,"grammarPointDescription":1007,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1008,"similarGrammarPoints":1009,"tags":1021,"content":1011,"dependentGrammarPoints":1012,"language":22,"similarPoints":1022,"prereqPoints":1023},[23,17,408],[1017,993],[],{"id":1025,"title":1026,"mod":444,"grammarPoint":1027,"grammarPointTitle":1028,"grammarPointDescription":1029,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1030,"similarGrammarPoints":1031,"tags":1033,"content":1038,"dependentGrammarPoints":1039,"language":22,"similarPoints":1040,"prereqPoints":1051},20463397959988,"「〜さ」Indicate an amount with adjectives","sa-adjectives-to-nouns","[JLPT N4] 「〜さ」(sa) | Turn Adjectives into “Concrete” Nouns | Japanese Grammar","Add さ to an な-adjective or replace the い in an い-adjective with it to turn the adjective into a noun. さ nouns feel “concrete” and can usually be measured.",[399,80],[1032],20463397959989,[1034,17,408],{"id":1035,"title":1036,"description":1037,"slug":52,"language":22},"1741860485627","JLPT N4","Appears in the JLPT N4","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「〜さ」Indicate an amount with adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Heavy → Weight\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"さ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is another one of those very useful and simple suffixes in Japanese. \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"It transforms the meaning of an adjective to express the quantity of something\"\n }), \". For example, in English, you may use \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"heavy\"\n }), \" to describe something, but \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"weight\"\n }), \" when referring to the amount of its heaviness. In Japanese, by contrast, a simple change from \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"重[おも,重い*おもい]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"重[おも,重い*おもい] さ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can express the same thing.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The process for い-adjectives is straightforward: attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"さ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the stem of the い-adjective, which can be formed by removing the い.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"重[おも,重い*おもい]い　→　重[おも,重い*おもい] さ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Heavy → weight\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 荷物[にもつ] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">重[おも,おもい] さ\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 想像[そうぞう] 以上[いじょう] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The weight of this luggage is more than I expected.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.46-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] の 返事[へんじ] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">遅[はや,はやい] さ\u003C\u002Fstrong> に は いつも 困[こま,こまる]って いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"His slow replies are always a problem.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.46-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"僕[ぼく] は、この 本[ほん] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">面白[おもしろ,おもしろい] さ\u003C\u002Fstrong> が 分[わ,わかる]からない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't know what's so interesting (interesting-ness) about this book.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.46-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For な-adjectives, just attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"さ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the end.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"敏感[びんかん]　→　敏感[びんかん] さ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"sensitive → sensitivity\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Time to look at some examples using this construct in a sentence.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"その 出来事[できごと] が、家族[かぞく] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">大切[たいせつ] さ\u003C\u002Fstrong> を 改[あらた,あらためる]めて 教[おし,おしえる]えて くれ[,くれる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That event reminded me once again of the importance of family.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.46-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子[こ]ども たち の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">元気[げんき] さ\u003C\u002Fstrong> に、先生[せんせい] も 驚[おどろ,おどろく]いて い[,居る*いる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The teacher was surprised by the children's energy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.46-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] の 料理[りょうり] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">下手[へた] さ\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 逆[ぎゃく] に 面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]かった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"His lack of cooking skill was actually kind of funny.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.46-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-Stem + さ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"重[おも,重い*おもい] さ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + さ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"下手[へた] さ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[1041],{"id":1032,"title":1042,"mod":444,"grammarPoint":1043,"grammarPointTitle":1044,"grammarPointDescription":1045,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1046,"similarGrammarPoints":1047,"tags":1048,"content":1049,"dependentGrammarPoints":1050,"language":22},"「〜み」Indicate subjective quality with adjectives","mi-adjectives-to-nouns","[JLPT N3] 「〜み」(mi) | Turn Adjectives into “Intangible” Nouns | Japanese Grammar","Add み to an な-adjective or replace the い in an い-adjective with it to turn the adjective into a noun. み nouns emphasize a subjective quality somehow beyond measurement.",[399,80,1025],[1025],[83,21,412],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「〜み」Indicate subjective quality with adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"み\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is another suffix that can be attached to い- and な-adjectives to add a specific nuance.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In many cases, adjectives ending in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"さ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"み\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be translated to the same English word, for instance, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"重[おも,重い*おもい]さ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"重[おも,重い*おもい]み\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" both translate to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"weight\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"However, there is a difference between the two; \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"み\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" conveys a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"subjective quality\"\n }), \" that can't be quantified. For instance, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"重[おも,重い*おもい]み\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" would not be used to indicate the physical weight of something, but rather something abstract, like the \\\"weight\\\" of a decision.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For い-adjectives, simply attach み to the い-adjective-stem.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"重[おも,重い*おもい]い　→　重[おも,重い*おもい] み\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Heavy → weight\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For な-adjectives, just attach み to the end.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"新鮮[しんせん]　→　新鮮[しんせん] み\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Fresh → freshness\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here are some examples using ～み in a sentence.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] の アイデア に は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">新鮮[しんせん] み\u003C\u002Fstrong> が あ[,有る*ある]って 、みんな 驚[おどろ,おどろく]いた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"His idea had a sense of freshness that surprised everyone.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.47-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この トマト は 自然[しぜん] な \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">甘[あま,あまい] み\u003C\u002Fstrong> が あ[,有る*ある]って とても 美味[おい,おいしい]しい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This tomato has a natural sweetness and tastes really good.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.47-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"This suffix can only be used with a limited number of adjectives\"\n }), \". These are often adjectives that express qualities that are subjective in nature.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-Stem + み\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"重[おも,重い*おもい] み\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + み\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"新鮮[しんせん] み\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[454,416],{"id":1032,"title":1042,"mod":444,"grammarPoint":1043,"grammarPointTitle":1044,"grammarPointDescription":1045,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1046,"similarGrammarPoints":1047,"tags":1053,"content":1049,"dependentGrammarPoints":1050,"language":22,"similarPoints":1058,"prereqPoints":1061},[1054,17,408],{"id":1055,"title":1056,"description":1057,"slug":83,"language":22},"1741860479637","JLPT N3","Appears in the JLPT N3",[1059],{"id":1025,"title":1026,"mod":444,"grammarPoint":1027,"grammarPointTitle":1028,"grammarPointDescription":1029,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1030,"similarGrammarPoints":1031,"tags":1060,"content":1038,"dependentGrammarPoints":1039,"language":22},[52,21,412],[454,416,1059],{"id":1063,"title":1064,"mod":1065,"grammarPoint":1066,"grammarPointTitle":1067,"grammarPointDescription":1068,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1069,"similarGrammarPoints":1070,"tags":1074,"content":1075,"dependentGrammarPoints":1076,"language":22,"similarPoints":1077,"prereqPoints":1113},20463397959990,"「なら」Make a supposition about the truth",1750806025530,"nara-if","[JLPT N4] 「なら」(nara) | A Way to Say “If” | Japanese Particle","AならB means “if the actual circumstances (A) were like that, then B”. It can be attached directly to verbs, adjectives, and nouns. ",[],[1071,1072,1073],20463397960065,20463397960192,20463397960199,[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「なら」Make a supposition about the truth\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"if, in case, if it is the case that, if it is true that\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The meaning of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> なら \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be roughly translated to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if the actual circumstances (\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>) were like that, \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \". It is a conditional particle that is used to express a hypothetical situation in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \", and the result that occurs if the conditions are met in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \". It can be translated to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if\"\n }), \" in English. Attaching \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" directly to a noun is possible, while elements that are not nouns can have \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" added between them, although it is optional.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For verbs and い-adjectives in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"present or past form\"\n }), \", simply attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(の) なら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to it. In modern Japanese the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is optional and is frequently omitted. Adding the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" does not change the meaning.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる　→　食[た,たべる]べる (の) なら\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Eat → If you eat\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For な-adjectives and nouns you simply attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or for past tense \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だった (の) なら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か　→　静[しず]か なら・静[しず]か だった (の) なら\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Quiet → If it is quiet\u002F If it was quiet\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい]　→　学生[がくせい] なら・学生[がくせい] だった (の) なら\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Student → If it is a student\u002F If it was a student\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Time for some example sentences.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">なら\u003C\u002Fstrong>、手[て] を 洗[あら,あらう]って から に し[,為る*する]て 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you're going to eat, wash your hands first.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.48-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This sentence expresses that \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if it is the case that you don't eat, I won't eat either\"\n }), \". In other words, this is not the current situation, but if it comes to \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \", I will do \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">なら\u003C\u002Fstrong>、買[か,かう]わない 方[ほう] が いい[,良い*いい] と 思[おも,おもう]う 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If it’s expensive, I think it’s better not to buy it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.48-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">なら\u003C\u002Fstrong>、集中[しゅうちゅう] し[,為る*する]て 勉強[べんきょう] できる[,出来る*できる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If it's quiet, I can concentrate and study.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.48-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">なら\u003C\u002Fstrong>、この 問題[もんだい] を 簡単[かんたん] に 解[と,とける]ける はず 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If it’s the teacher, they should be able to solve this problem easily.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.48-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", there has to exist reasonable doubt that the hypothetical may not come to be.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"夜[よる] に なる なら\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If it becomes night\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This case would be nonsensical, as it always becomes night without fail.\\nFurthermore, it cannot be used if the condition in the first part directly brings about the result that follows.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"パーティー に 行[い,いく]った なら 田中[!たなか] が いた。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When I went to the party, Tanaka was there.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the above, me going to the party is what led me to see that Tanaka was there. Remember, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" supposes that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" happens if \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is the case. But I actually did go to the party, which led to me seeing Tanaka, so supposing the truth makes no sense here.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + なら\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる なら・食[た,たべる]べた なら\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + なら\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い なら・高[たか,たかい]かった なら\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + なら\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か なら・静[しず]か だった なら\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + なら\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] なら・学生[がくせい] だった なら\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[1078,1091,1102],{"id":1071,"title":1079,"mod":1080,"grammarPoint":1081,"grammarPointTitle":1082,"grammarPointDescription":1083,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1084,"similarGrammarPoints":1087,"tags":1088,"content":1089,"dependentGrammarPoints":1090,"language":22},"「たら」”If\"",1769137086308,"tara-if","[JLPT N4] 「たら」 (tara) | If \u002F When \u002F Conditionally upon | Japanese Grammar","たら refers to a conditional sequence of actions: if A happens, then B will also happen. You'll see it translated as \"if\" or \"when\". To make it, simply add -ら to the -た past tense form.",[753,754,755,1085,1086],20463397960031,20463397960033,[],[52,21,472],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「たら」”If\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Can also mean \\\"when\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The conditional form of Japanese verbs, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～たら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", has a similar meaning to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"when\"\n }), \". Fortunately, the conjugation of this form is straightforward: simply add ら to the past tense form of a verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Past-Tense\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"～たら\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]した\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]したら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べた\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べたら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し[,為る*する]た\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し[,為る*する]たら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The basic usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～たら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" indicates a sequence of actions. You can see that this is conditional if you think \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Once \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, then \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \". This usage is demonstrated in the following sentences:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友達[ともだち] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">来[き,くる]たら\u003C\u002Fstrong>、一緒[いっしょ] に ご飯[ごはん] を 食[た,たべる]べる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If my friend comes, I’ll eat together with them.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.124-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">暑[あつ,あつい]かったら\u003C\u002Fstrong>、冷房[れいぼう] つけ[,付ける*つける]て ね 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When\u002Fif you are hot, turn on the air conditioning.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.124-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One important constraint of this construction is that it is time-dependent. The event or action in the first part of the sentence (before \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～たら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") must precede the event or action in the second part of the sentence (after \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～たら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \").\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is easy to remember this constraint because the base used for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～たら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the past tense of a verb. Another way to remember this is to think of it in terms of a condition that must be met in order for the second part of the sentence to occur.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～たら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used to express hypothetical situations, as in the following example:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：宝[たから]くじ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">当[あ,あたる]たったら\u003C\u002Fstrong>、どう する[,為る*する] ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：仕事[しごと] 辞[や,やめる]める 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: If you won the lottery, what would you do? \u003Cbr> B: Quit my job.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.124-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> たら \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is in the past tense, it indicates that both events have already taken place. This form is used when the speaker realizes \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" at the point where \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" has already occurred.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"生[なま] の 魚[さかな] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べたら\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、お腹[おなか] が 痛[いた,いたい]く なっ[,成る*なる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) stomach started hurting after I ate raw fish.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.124-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this example, the speaker realizes that their stomach hurts (\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \"), after they have already eaten (\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \").\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" expresses something that is beyond the speakers control or some fact that has been newly discovered.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Past + ら\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べたら\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-Past + ら\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"安[やす,やすい]かったら\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + だったら\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か だったら\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + だったら\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] だったら\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"ConditionたらAction\u002FOccurrence\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べたら、ゲーム する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":1072,"title":1092,"mod":1093,"grammarPoint":1094,"grammarPointTitle":1095,"grammarPointDescription":1096,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1097,"similarGrammarPoints":1098,"tags":1099,"content":1100,"dependentGrammarPoints":1101,"language":22},"「と」(3) “if\"",1769229385742,"to-express-if","[JLPT N4] 「と」 (to) | \"If\" or \"When\" | Japanese Grammar","と can also be used with the meaning of \"if,\" to connect a condition with a result. It is used for things that always leads to another—like a rule, habit, or natural reaction—not for guesses, requests, or one-time events.",[],[1063,1071],[52,21,675],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「と」(3) “if\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Can also mean \\\"when\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used as a way to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if\"\n }), \", similar to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The general construct is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> と \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" being the condition, and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \", the result when \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" occurs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"春[はる] に なる[,成る*なる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と\u003C\u002Fstrong>、桜[さくら] が 咲[さ,さく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If spring comes, the cherry blossoms bloom.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.251-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この ボタン を 押[お,おす]す \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と\u003C\u002Fstrong>、ドア が 開[ひら,ひらく]きます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you press this button, the door opens.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.251-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"その 薬[くすり] を 飲[の,のむ]む \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と\u003C\u002Fstrong>、すぐ 眠[ねむ,ねむい]く なる[,成る*なる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If I take that medicine, I get sleepy right away.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.251-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"upper-latin\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is important to remember that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" only gets attached to the non-past form of verbs, adjectives, and nouns, even if the whole phrase is in the past tense. The tense of the sentence is determined by what follows \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another thing to note is that with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the result following it is a constant non-volitional reaction to the condition expressed before it. This means things that are always true, such as 1 + 1 equals two or if you heat ice, it melts. While \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" might be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if\"\n }), \" in English, it rather states a predictable or unavoidable fact that \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if you do \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> happens\"\n }), \". This is also the reason why \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" cannot be used for requests, judgments, or the like, as those are not certain facts.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This is also one of the differences from \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + と\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる と\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + と\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い と\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + だと\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静か[しずか] だ と\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + だと\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] だ と\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"ConditionとResult\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"勉強[べんきょう] する[,する] と 上達[じょうたつ] する[,する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":1073,"title":1103,"mod":1104,"grammarPoint":1105,"grammarPointTitle":1106,"grammarPointDescription":1107,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1108,"similarGrammarPoints":1109,"tags":1110,"content":1111,"dependentGrammarPoints":1112,"language":22},"「ば」Establish conditions",1769231994115,"ba-create-condition","[JLPT N4] 「ば」 (ba) | Establish Conditions | Japanese Grammar","Forms conditionals using `～ば` to express \"if\" for verbs, adjectives, and nouns; often suggests hypothetical or desirable outcomes.\n",[],[],[52,21,472],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ば」Establish conditions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"If..., then...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another verb form that can be used in a way that somewhat translates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if\"\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～ば\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Let's first take a look at the formation.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For both u-verbs and ru-verbs, change the last vowel sound from a \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" sound to an \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"e\"\n }), \" sound and attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～ば\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Sound Shift\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"～ば\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"put out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"す \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"su\"\n }), \" → せ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"se\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]せば\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"if put out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"る \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ru\"\n }), \" → れ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"re\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べれば\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"if eat\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"do\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"る \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ru\"\n }), \" → れ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"re\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"すれ[,する]ば\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"if do\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くる[,くる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"come\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"る \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ru\"\n }), \" → れ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"re\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くれ[,くる]ば\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"if come\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いく[,いく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"く \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ku\"\n }), \" → け \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ke\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いけ[,いく]ば\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"if go\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Note that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くる[,くる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いく[,いく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" actually follow the normal rules for once, so as written above, you just change the last sound to an \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"e\"\n }), \" and add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～ば\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For い-adjectives or negative endings, replace the last い with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ければ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The negative applies to verbs too!\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Sound Shift\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"～ば\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おいしい[,おいしい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"delicious\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おい[,おいしい]しければ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"if delicious\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なければ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"if not\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べなければ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"if not eat\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For nouns and な-adjectives, attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で あれ[,ある]ば\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Sound Shift\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"～ば\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"静か[しずか]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"quiet\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: 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It is used to introduce a conclusion or decision made in response to something that was just said. ",[1063],[1063],[1124,17],{"id":1125,"title":1126,"description":1127,"slug":1128,"language":22},"1741860473418","JLPT N2","Appears in the JLPT N2","japanese-jlpt-n2","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「それなら」\\\"If that is the case\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The conjunction \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それなら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be seen as a combination of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"that\"\n }), \" followed by the auxiliary \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"if\"\n }), \". \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nBuilding on the previous information, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それなら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is mostly used in responses to statements made by others. In response to a statement \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \", it conveys the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"If that is the situation, then \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"If that is the case then \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \". The speaker uses it to indicate that they will take action if the previously stated condition \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is fulfilled.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：電車[でんしゃ]、もう 行[い,いく]っちゃった よ 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">それなら\u003C\u002Fstrong>、次[つぎ] の バス に 乗[の,のる]ろう よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: The train already left. \u003Cbr> B: In that case, let’s take the next bus.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.49-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：私[わたし]、辛[から,からい]い もの[,物*もの] 苦手[にがて] なん だ よ ね 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">それなら\u003C\u002Fstrong>、こっち の 料理[りょうり] に し[,為る*する]よう か 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: I’m not good with spicy food. \u003Cbr> B: Then how about this dish instead?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.49-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：明日[あした] は ちょっと 忙[いそ,いそがしい]しい かも 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">それなら\u003C\u002Fstrong>、明後日[あさって] に 変更[へんこう] し[,為る*する]よう 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: I might be busy tomorrow. \u003Cbr> B: In that case, let’s reschedule for the day after tomorrow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.49-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In contrast to simply using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the condition in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それなら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is established by what has been previously stated by the other speaker.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"それなら + Sentence\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"それなら、静[しずか]か に する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[1132],{"id":1063,"title":1064,"mod":1065,"grammarPoint":1066,"grammarPointTitle":1067,"grammarPointDescription":1068,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1069,"similarGrammarPoints":1070,"tags":1133,"content":1075,"dependentGrammarPoints":1076,"language":22},[52,21],[1132],{"id":1136,"title":1137,"mod":1138,"grammarPoint":1139,"grammarPointTitle":1140,"grammarPointDescription":1141,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1142,"similarGrammarPoints":1143,"tags":1144,"content":1145,"dependentGrammarPoints":1146,"language":22,"similarPoints":1147,"prereqPoints":1148},20463397959992,"「に」(3) Mark the indirect object",1769066909132,"ni-mark-indirect-object","[JLPT N5] 「に」(ni) | Indirect Object Marker | Japanese Particle","An indirect object is the recipient of the action, and Japanese indirect objects are marked with に. For example: Johnは friendに letterを send.",[],[],[23,17,587],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「に」(3) Mark the indirect object\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"For, to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"On of the many uses of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is to mark the indirect object of a sentence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used as an indirect object marker, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"indicates the person or thing that is the recipient of the action of a verb\"\n }), \". \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is placed directly after the indirect object that it marks. It is often translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"for\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To illustrate, take the action of throwing a ball. The ball is the direct object that is being thrown and is therefore marked by the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Often we also have a target at which we throw—that target is the indirect object, marked by the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 友達[ともだち] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 手紙[てがみ] を 書[か,かく]いた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I wrote a letter to my friend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.50-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> プレゼント を あげ[,あげる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I gave a present to (my) teacher.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.50-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 友達[ともだち] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 本[ほん] を 貸[か,かす]した 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I lent a book to my friend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.50-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you will see, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" often appears with verbs that involve a kind of transfer from one person to another. Some examples include \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"話[はな,はなす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"speak\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"見[み,みせる]せる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"show\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"投[な,なげる]げる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"throw\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"教[おし,おしえる]える\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"teach\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"電話[でんわ] する[,する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"call\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あげる[,あげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"give\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is attached to the person to whom the action is directed towards, while the person doing the action is often marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but can also be marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Or, returning to our analogy, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" puts a target \", _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"🎯\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f3af.png\"\n }), \" on the indirect object.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"someoneさん に 電話[でんわ] する\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to call someone\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here it puts the target on the person we are calling; that is to say, they are the recipient of the call.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ボール を someone に 投[な,なげる]げる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to throw the ball at someone\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Now the target is on the person or object we throw the ball at.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Making に the topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, each element of a sentence can represent a case, which tells us the function an element has in the sentence. As we learned in this lesson, the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case can tell us what the indirect object is in a sentence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"社長[しゃちょう] に 酒[さけ] を 買[か,かう]う 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will buy alcohol for the company president.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this sentence, our case \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"社長[しゃちょう] に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" tells us who the alcohol will be purchased for. Each case like this in a Japanese sentence can be turned into the topic of the sentence using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Depending on the particle the element uses, the change to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" looks a bit different.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Below you can see an overview of the changes that happen when turning a case into our topic.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Case\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"には\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"では\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へは\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"とは\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Notice that when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is converted into a topic using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it combines to form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"には\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\\nLet's now take our example from above and turn our \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case into the topic.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"社長[しゃちょう] に は、酒[さけ] を 買[か,かう]う 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"For the company president (but not for other people), I will buy alcohol.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So, what is different from the first version of this sentence? The most likely interpretation is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is simply used to add a sense of contrast, indicating that the speaker will buy alcohol for the company president, but not for other people.\\nWithout the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the sentence simply expresses that the speaker will buy alcohol for the company president, without the nuance of excluding other people.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + に\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"娘[むすめ] に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"GiverはIndirect-ObjectにObjectをAction\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] が 、友達[ともだち] に 本[ほん] を 買[か,かう]う 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":1150,"title":1151,"mod":1152,"grammarPoint":1153,"grammarPointTitle":1154,"grammarPointDescription":1155,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1156,"similarGrammarPoints":1157,"tags":1158,"content":1159,"dependentGrammarPoints":1160,"language":22,"similarPoints":1161,"prereqPoints":1162},20463397959993,"「の」(2) Make indefinite pronouns",1769135642645,"no-indefinite-pronoun","[JLPT N5] 「の」(no) | The (Adjective) One | Japanese Particle","In English, we replace nouns with “one” to remove redundancy: Which car do you want? The red one. In Japanese, you can replace nouns with の to the same effect.",[399,80],[],[23,17,137,200],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「の」(2) Make indefinite pronouns\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"An (adjective) one\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used as an indefinite pronoun. If grammar isn't your strong suit—and I wouldn't blame you—you are probably confused as to what \\\"indefinite pronoun\\\" means.\\nSimply put, it works similarly to the English word \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"one\"\n }), \" in phrases like \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"the small one\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"the black one\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"However, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" cannot be used on its own and must be accompanied by an adjective or relative clause, similar to its English counterpart. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to replace a noun when the referent is clear from the context or situation.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"赤[あか,あかい]い 車[くるま] も いい[,良い*いい] けど、青[あお,あおい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">の\u003C\u002Fstrong> が 欲[ほ,ほしい]しい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The red car is nice too, but I want the blue one.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.51-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] の 傘[かさ] は 壊[こわ,こわれる]れた から、新[あたら,あたらしい]しい \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">の\u003C\u002Fstrong> を 買[か,かう]う 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My umbrella broke, so I will buy a new one.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.51-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In both sentences \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"車[くるま]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"car\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"傘[かさ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"umbrealla\"\n }), \" could be repeated, but since this would sound repetitive, the second usage is replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For な-adjectives, a \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" must be inserted between the adjective and the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + の\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"安[やす,やすい]い の\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + なの\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"丈夫[じょうぶ] な の\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[454,416],{"id":1164,"title":1165,"mod":1166,"grammarPoint":1167,"grammarPointTitle":1168,"grammarPointDescription":1169,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1170,"similarGrammarPoints":1171,"tags":1172,"content":1173,"dependentGrammarPoints":1174,"language":22,"similarPoints":1175,"prereqPoints":1176},20463397959994,"「なる」Express a change in state",1769066709999,"naru-to-become","[JLPT N5] 「なる」(naru) | Expressing State or Condition Changes | Japanese Grammar","なる means “to become”, and it can be combined with the adverbial form (くor に) of adjectives to show a change in state: 大きくなる means “get bigger”.",[980,987],[],[23,17,408],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「なる」Express a change in state\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"To become X\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"By utilizing adjectives and specific nouns, the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to become\"\n }), \" can convey that the state or condition of a person or object has changed into something different. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is most commonly used with adjectives.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used with な-adjectives, it must be paired with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", as in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> に なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 町[まち] は 静[しず]か に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">なっ[,成る*なる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This town has become quiet.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.52-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 薬[くすり] で 気分[きぶん] が 楽[らく] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">なる[,成る*なる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This medicine will make you feel more at ease.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.52-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to an い-adjective, it has to be in its adverbial く-form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] が 大[おお,おおきい]きく \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">なっ[,成る*なる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The child has grown up, hasn’t he?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.52-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"最近[さいきん] 寒[さむ,さむい]く \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">なっ[,成る*なる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> ね 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It has gotten cold lately, hasn't it?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.52-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One important note, as always, is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いい[,良い*いい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" behaves differently from other い-adjectives. As we touched on before, the original form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いい[,良い*いい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よい[,良い*よい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and all conjugations are still based on this original form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This means that in this case, we get \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よく[,良い*いい] なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", not \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いく なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"!\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-Stem + く + なる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"おい[,おいしい]しく なる[,成る*なる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + になる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"元気[げんき] に なる[,成る*なる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1017,993],{"id":1178,"title":1179,"mod":1180,"grammarPoint":1181,"grammarPointTitle":1182,"grammarPointDescription":1183,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1184,"similarGrammarPoints":1185,"tags":1186,"content":1187,"dependentGrammarPoints":1188,"language":22,"similarPoints":1189,"prereqPoints":1190},20463397959995,"「が」(3) State your preferences",1769135905878,"ga-express-preferences","[JLPT N5] 「が」(ga) | Express Likes and Dislikes | Japanese Particle","One of the uses of が (and differentiating it from は) is to indicate preferences. If you like, love, want, or feel some way about something—mark that thing with が.",[128],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「が」(3) State your preferences\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used with adjectives that express preferences. Here we see yet another significant difference between English and Japanese.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In English you may use a sentence like “I like cake.” Notice that the subject \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I\"\n }), \" is responsible for the action of preferring something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In Japanese, they tend to express the equivalent of “Cake is likable.”\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ケーキ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">が\u003C\u002Fstrong> 好[す]き 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) like cake. \u003Cbr> (Literally: Cake is likable.)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.53-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When expressing preferences for things one likes, loves, hates, wants, and so forth, the standard structure that you will encounter is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>が\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" being the object deemed desirable\u002Fundesirable, and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \", the adjective. Some examples of adjectives that fall into this group are \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"好[す]き\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"like\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"嫌[きら]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"dislike\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほ[ほ,ほしい]しい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"want\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"必要[ひつよう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"need\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"絵本[えほん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">が\u003C\u002Fstrong> 欲[ほ,ほしい]しい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) want a picture book. \u003Cbr> (Literally: A picture book is desired.)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.53-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"野菜[やさい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">が\u003C\u002Fstrong> 嫌[きら]い 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) hate vegetables. \u003Cbr> (Literally: Vegetables are detestable.)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.53-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In English, the subject in these sentences is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I\"\n }), \". However, in Japanese, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ケーキ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"cake\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"絵本[えほん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"picture book\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"野菜[やさい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"vegetables\"\n }), \" take on the role of subjects as they become the focal points of the adjectives that subsequently describe them. The person expressing love, desire, or hatred can remain unspecified in Japanese, especially when they are the speaker. To reiterate, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"好[す]き\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"like\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"欲[ほ,ほしい]しい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"desired\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"嫌[きら]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"detestable\"\n }), \" are adjectives through which preferences are articulated.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"ObjectがAdjective-Of-Preference\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"野菜[やさい] が 嫌[きら]い 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[174],{"id":1192,"title":1193,"mod":1194,"grammarPoint":1195,"grammarPointTitle":1196,"grammarPointDescription":1197,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1198,"similarGrammarPoints":1199,"tags":1203,"content":1204,"dependentGrammarPoints":1205,"language":22,"similarPoints":1206,"prereqPoints":1239},20463397959996,"「より」(1) Make comparisons",1769067009679,"yori-comparisons","[JLPT N4] 「より」(yori) | Making Comparisons | Japanese Particle","より roughly means “more than”, and it is one of Japanese's tools for making comparisons. It goes after the word that would follow “than” in English. ",[],[1200,1201,1202],20463397959997,20463397959998,20463397960074,[1034,17,137],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「より」(1) Make comparisons\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"More than, rather than\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are multiple ways to make comparisons in Japanese, and one of them is using より. It can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"more than\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"rather than\"\n }), \", and it is attached to the item being compared.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"より\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is attached to the word or phrase that is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"less\"\n }), \" than something else in some way. The rest of the sentence structure is rather flexible. This means that when you see \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> より\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", then you know that something is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"more than \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"rather than \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" in some way.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One of the frequent basic orders you will find is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> より \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", where a thing that follows in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" is something that is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"more than \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"rather than \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" in some way.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"But again, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"the sentence structure here is extremely flexible\"\n }), \". 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One of the most frequently used expressions that uses the past tense is the following.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">思[おも,おもう]った\u003C\u002Fstrong> \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">より\u003C\u002Fstrong> 難[むずか,むずかしい]しかった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Was more difficult than (one) thought.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.54-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[1207,1218,1228],{"id":1200,"title":1208,"mod":1209,"grammarPoint":1210,"grammarPointTitle":1211,"grammarPointDescription":1212,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1213,"similarGrammarPoints":1214,"tags":1215,"content":1216,"dependentGrammarPoints":1217,"language":22},"「方」\"X is comparatively Y\"",1769135905880,"hou-comparisons","[JLPT N5] 「方」(hou) | Making Comparisons | Japanese Grammar","方 can be used with verbs, adjectives, and nouns to make comparisons. Its basic structure is A方B, meaning “A is more\u002Fcomparatively B”.",[],[1192,1201,1202],[27,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「方」\\\"X is comparatively Y\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"方[ほう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to compare things in Japanese. When it is pronounced as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほう[,方*ほう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it signifies \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"direction\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"orientation\"\n }), \". When used in this manner, it can convey that one way is better, worse, etc., than another. This often takes the form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> 方[ほう] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and can be interpreted as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the way of \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> is comparatively \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When comparing a noun with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"方[ほう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you must add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the noun.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この レストラン の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">方[ほう]\u003C\u002Fstrong> が 安[やす,やすい]い 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This restaurant is cheaper.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.55-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When forming negative statements, e.g. to say that not doing something is good, the verb needs to be in its plain negative form.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"夜更[よふか]かし し[,為る*する]ない \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">方[ほう]\u003C\u002Fstrong> が いい[,良い*いい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's better not to stay up late.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.55-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"な-adjectives attach directly to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"方[ほう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as they would with any other noun.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"部屋[へや] は、きれい[,綺麗*きれい] な \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ほう\u003C\u002Fstrong> が 好[す]き 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I prefer rooms that are cleaner. \u002F I like cleaner rooms better.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.55-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When forming comparisons with verbs, they are often in past form. Using this forms adds confidence as compared to the dictionary form.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"朝[あさ]ごはん を 食[た,たべる]べた \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">方[ほう]\u003C\u002Fstrong> が 集中[しゅうちゅう] できる[,できる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's better to eat breakfast — you can concentrate better.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.55-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ほう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる ほう・食[た,たべる]べた ほう[,方*ほう]・食[た,たべる]べない ほう[,方*ほう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + ほう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い ほう[,方*ほう]・高[たか,たかい]かった ほう[,方*ほう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + なほう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か な ほう[,方*ほう]・静[しず]か じゃない ほう[,方*ほう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + のほう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] の ほう[,方*ほう]・学生[がくせい] じゃない ほう[,方*ほう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Object-Of-Comparison方がAdjective\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学校[がっこう] の 方[ほう] が 静[しず]か\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":1201,"title":1219,"mod":1209,"grammarPoint":1220,"grammarPointTitle":1221,"grammarPointDescription":1222,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1223,"similarGrammarPoints":1224,"tags":1225,"content":1226,"dependentGrammarPoints":1227,"language":22},"「～方が～より」Compare two things","gayori-comparisons","[JLPT N5] 「～方が～より」(~houga ~yori) | Comparing Two Things | Japanese Grammar","A combination of the 方 and より structures, ～方が～より lets you say that thing A is more (something) than thing B.",[1192,1200],[1192,1200,1202],[27,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「～方が～より」Compare two things\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"方[ほう] が ～ より\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to compare two things in Japanese.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The most common structure is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> ほう[,方*ほう] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> より\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", where \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is more than \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" in some way.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This structure can also be flipped around to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> より \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> ほう[,方*ほう] が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is still more than \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" in some way.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For い-adjectives and verbs, you just attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほう[,方*ほう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"野菜[やさい] を 食[た,たべる]べる \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">方[ほう] が\u003C\u002Fstrong> 薬[くすり] を 飲[の,のむ]む \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">より\u003C\u002Fstrong> 体[からだ] に いい[,良い*いい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Eating vegetables is better for your body than taking medicine.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.56-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"安[やす,やすい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">より\u003C\u002Fstrong>、高[たか,たかい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">方[ほう] が\u003C\u002Fstrong> 長持[ながも]ち する[,為る*する] よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The more expensive one lasts longer than the cheap one.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.56-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For な-adjectives \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" needs to be added.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は にぎやか な 町[まち] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">より\u003C\u002Fstrong>、静[しず]か な \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ほう が\u003C\u002Fstrong> 好[す]き です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I prefer quiet places over lively towns.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.56-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If the word preceding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほう[,方*ほう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a noun add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" between them.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ビール の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">方[ほう] が\u003C\u002Fstrong>、ワイン \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">より\u003C\u002Fstrong> 好[す]き です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I prefer beer over wine.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.56-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ほう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる ほう[,方*ほう]・食[た,たべる]べた ほう・食[た,たべる]べない ほう[,方*ほう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + ほう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い ほう[,方*ほう]・高[たか,たかい]かった ほう[,方*ほう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + なほう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か な ほう[,方*ほう]・静[しず]か じゃない ほう[,方*ほう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + のほう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] の ほう[,方*ほう]・学生[がくせい] じゃない ほう[,方*ほう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Object-Of-Comparison(More)方がObject-Of-Comparison(Less)よりAdjective\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ビール の ほう[,方*ほう] が ワイン より 良[い,いい]い\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Object-Of-Comparison(Less)よりObject-Of-Comparison(More)方がAdjective\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ワイン より ビール の ほう[,方*ほう] が 良[い,いい]い\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":1202,"title":1229,"mod":1230,"grammarPoint":1231,"grammarPointTitle":1232,"grammarPointDescription":1233,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1234,"similarGrammarPoints":1235,"tags":1236,"content":1237,"dependentGrammarPoints":1238,"language":22},"「方がいい」\"You better do X\"",1769137086312,"hougaii-you-better-do-something","[JLPT N5] 「ほうがいい」 (maeni) | \"You'd better (or better not)\" | Japanese Grammar","ほうがいい roughly translates to \"you'd better\". Used with positive verbs, it means \"you'd better X\". Used with negative verbs, it means \"you'd better not X\".",[739,740,741,753,754,755],[],[27,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「方がいい」\\\"You better do X\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほう[,方*ほう] が いい[,良い*いい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"used with the past form of a verb\"\n }), \", to express that one \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"better do something\"\n }), \", meaning they ought to do it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Note, however, that this is not an order but a suggestion.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"甘[あま,あまい]い もの[,物*もの] は 控[ひか,ひかえる]えた \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ほう[,方*ほう] が いい[,良い*いい]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You should cut down on sweets.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.133-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう] 遅[おそ,おそい]く まで 仕事[しごと] し[,為る*する]た から、もう 少[すこ]し 休[やす,やすむ]んだ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ほう[,方*ほう] が いい[,良い*いい]\u003C\u002Fstrong> と 思[おも,おもう]う 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You worked late yesterday, so I think you should rest a little more.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.133-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It can also be used with the non-past form of a verb with little change in meaning. However, the past form is more common and expresses a stronger suggestion than the non-past form.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"If it is used with a negative verb, however, only the non-past-negative form of the verb can be used.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"そんな 遅[おそ,おそい]い 時間[じかん] に 一人[ひとり] で 歩[ある,あるく]かない \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ほう[,方*ほう] が いい[,良い*いい]\u003C\u002Fstrong> よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You’d better not walk alone that late at night.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.133-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"風邪[かぜ] を ひ[,引く*ひく]いた みたい 。無理[むり] し[,為る*する]て 出[で,でかける]かけない \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ほう[,方*ほう] が いい[,良い*いい]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think I caught a cold. I’d better not push myself to go out.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.133-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Past + ほうがいい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べた ほう[,方*ほう] が いい[,良い*いい]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Negative + ほうがいい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べない ほう[,方*ほう] が いい[,良い*いい]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":1200,"title":1208,"mod":1209,"grammarPoint":1210,"grammarPointTitle":1211,"grammarPointDescription":1212,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1213,"similarGrammarPoints":1214,"tags":1241,"content":1216,"dependentGrammarPoints":1217,"language":22,"similarPoints":1242,"prereqPoints":1245},[23,17],[1243,1218,1228],{"id":1192,"title":1193,"mod":1194,"grammarPoint":1195,"grammarPointTitle":1196,"grammarPointDescription":1197,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1198,"similarGrammarPoints":1199,"tags":1244,"content":1204,"dependentGrammarPoints":1205,"language":22},[52,21,141],[],{"id":1201,"title":1219,"mod":1209,"grammarPoint":1220,"grammarPointTitle":1221,"grammarPointDescription":1222,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1223,"similarGrammarPoints":1224,"tags":1247,"content":1226,"dependentGrammarPoints":1227,"language":22,"similarPoints":1248,"prereqPoints":1249},[23,17],[1243,1207,1228],[1243,1207],{"id":1251,"title":1252,"mod":1253,"grammarPoint":1254,"grammarPointTitle":1255,"grammarPointDescription":1256,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1257,"similarGrammarPoints":1258,"tags":1259,"content":1260,"dependentGrammarPoints":1261,"language":22,"similarPoints":1262,"prereqPoints":1263},20463397959999,"「一番」Express a superlative",1769067020050,"ichiban-superlative","[JLPT N5] 「一番」(ichiban) | \"The Most (Adjective)\" | Japanese Grammar","English superlatives are adjectives that end in -est or are preceded by “the most”. To make Japanese superlatives, simply place 一番 before an adjective. ",[399,80],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「一番」Express a superlative\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Most\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一番[いちばん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to denote the superlative form. A superlative expresses the utmost degree of something, i.e. \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the most\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]い\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Interesting\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"一番[いちばん] 面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]い\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Most interesting\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It is important to mention that it cannot be directly used as an affix to nouns, but rather, it must precede an adjective that describes the noun in some way.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この ケーキ が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">一番[いちばん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> おいしい[,美味しい*おいしい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This cake is the most delicious.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.57-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"冬[ふゆ] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">一番[いちばん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 寒[さむ,さむい]い 季節[きせつ] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Winter is the coldest season.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.57-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は クラス で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">一番[いちばん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 静[しず]か だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He is the quietest in the class.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.57-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"京都[きょうと] は 日本[にほん] で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">一番[いちばん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 有名[ゆうめい] な 観光地[かんこうち] の 一つ だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Kyoto is one of the most famous tourist spots in Japan.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.57-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"一番 + い-Adjective\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"一番[いちばん] 高[たか,たかい]い・一番[いちばん] 高[たか,たかい]かった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"一番 + な-Adjective\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"一番[いちばん] 静[しずか]か な・一番[いちばん] 静[しずか]か だった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[454,416],{"id":66,"title":74,"mod":75,"grammarPoint":76,"grammarPointTitle":77,"grammarPointDescription":78,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":79,"similarGrammarPoints":81,"tags":1265,"content":84,"dependentGrammarPoints":85,"language":22,"similarPoints":1266,"prereqPoints":1267},[1054,17],[125,86],[172,416],{"id":1269,"title":1270,"mod":1271,"grammarPoint":1272,"grammarPointTitle":1273,"grammarPointDescription":1274,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1275,"similarGrammarPoints":1276,"tags":1278,"content":1279,"dependentGrammarPoints":1280,"language":22,"similarPoints":1281,"prereqPoints":1293},20463397960001,"「こと」(1) Nominalize verbs and adjectives",1769135905881,"koto-nominalization","[JLPT N4] 「こと」(koto) | Turn Verbs and Adjectives Into Nouns | Japanese Grammar","こと attaches directly to verbs and adjectives to turn them into nouns. It has a nuance along the lines of “the act of ~ing”.",[399,457,465,80],[1277],20463397960002,[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「こと」(1) Nominalize verbs and adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"the act of ~ing\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Two of the word in Japanese that can nominalize things are \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". WIn this lesson we will cover \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Before we start, let's go over a definition:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Nominalization is the process of using a non-noun word (e.g. a verb, adjective, or adverb) as a noun.\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"By attaching \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", we can create a noun phrase that can then act like any other noun.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A simple translation that can help you make sense of this is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the act of\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる こと[,事*こと]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The act of eating\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Now we can treat it as a noun phrase.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる こと[,事*こと] が 好[す]き 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I like (the act of) eating\u002Fto eat.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It is important to note that this does not only turn the word it is attached to into a noun, but everything that comes before it.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"毎朝[まいあさ] ジョギング を する[,為る*する] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと]\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 健康[けんこう] に いい[,良い*いい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Jogging every morning is good for your health.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.59-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本[にほん] の 文化[ぶんか] が 面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと]\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 分[わ,わかる]かる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I know that Japanese culture is interesting.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.59-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] の 足 が 奇麗 な \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと]\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 写真[しゃしん] で 知[し,しる]って いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"From pictures I know that her feet are beautiful.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.59-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + こと\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"作[つく,つくる]る こと[,事*こと]・作[つく,つくる]った こと[,事*こと]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + こと\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"安[やす,やすい]い こと[,事*こと]・安[やす,やすい]かった こと[,事*こと]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + なこと\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か な こと[,事*こと]・静[しず]か だった こと[,事*こと]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[1282],{"id":1277,"title":1283,"mod":1284,"grammarPoint":1285,"grammarPointTitle":1286,"grammarPointDescription":1287,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1288,"similarGrammarPoints":1289,"tags":1290,"content":1291,"dependentGrammarPoints":1292,"language":22},"「の」(3) Nominalize verbs",1769235817443,"no-nominalization","[JLPT N5] 「の」(no) | Nominalizing Things in Japanese | Japanese Particle","の attaches directly to verbs and adjectives to turn them into nouns. It functions similarly to こと, but is used in some structures that こと isn't. ",[399,457,465,80],[],[27,21,141,204],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「の」(3) Nominalize verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Besides \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used for nominalization.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: 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\"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] が 来[く,くる]る \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">の\u003C\u002Fstrong> を 待[ま、まつ]って いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm waiting for him to come.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.60-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本語[にほんご] を 勉強[べんきょう] する[,為る*する] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">の\u003C\u002Fstrong> が 楽[たの,たのしい]しい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Studying Japanese is fun.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.60-2-AI.m4a\",\n 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Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Many of you may now be wondering about the difference between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" when nominalizing a sentence. There are cases where only one of the two can be used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's first cover cases where only \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is valid.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Only \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can appear in front of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ・です・で ある\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] の 趣味[しゅみ] は 映画[えいが] を 見[み,みる]る こと[,事*こと] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My hobby is watching movies.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There exist certain set phrases that use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと] に する\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと] に なる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now let's see where \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is required.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Only \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can appear in front of words like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"見[み,みる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to see\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"聞[き,きく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to hear\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"感[かん,かんじる]じる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to feel\"\n }), \" that express perception.\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 彼[かれ] が 歌[うた,うたう]う の を 聞[き,きく]いた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I heard him sing.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Only \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can appear in front of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"止[や,やめる]める\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to stop\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"手伝[てつだ,てつだう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to help\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"待[ま,まつ]つ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to wait\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"料理[りょうり] を 作[つく,つくる]る の を 手伝[てつだ,てつだう]う 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Help cook the food.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[454,502,476,416],{"id":1277,"title":1283,"mod":1284,"grammarPoint":1285,"grammarPointTitle":1286,"grammarPointDescription":1287,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1288,"similarGrammarPoints":1289,"tags":1295,"content":1291,"dependentGrammarPoints":1292,"language":22,"similarPoints":1296,"prereqPoints":1297},[23,17,137,200],[],[454,502,476,416],{"id":1299,"title":1300,"mod":1271,"grammarPoint":1301,"grammarPointTitle":1302,"grammarPointDescription":1303,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1304,"similarGrammarPoints":1305,"tags":1306,"content":1307,"dependentGrammarPoints":1308,"language":22,"similarPoints":1309,"prereqPoints":1310},20463397960003,"「のは～だ」Introduce new and important information","nohada-introduce-new-information","[JLPT N4] 「のは～だ」| Giving New and Important Information in Japanese | Japanese Grammar","AのはBだ is used to introduce new information that the speaker feels is significant. Particles other than を and が can be used in the B phrase.",[58,1150,1277],[],[1034,17,200],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「のは～だ」Introduce new and important information\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The structure \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> の は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to introduce new, significant information about something, with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" being the new information. \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" can be either a noun or noun phrase.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Basic usage with a noun or noun phrase in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 学校[がっこう] で 一番[いちばん] かわいい[,かわいい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">の は\u003C\u002Fstrong> 彼女[かのじょ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The cutest one in this school is her.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.61-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Particles can also be used after the noun in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \", with the exception of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この こと[,事*こと] を 私[わたし] に 教[おし,おしえる]えて くれ[,くれる]た の は 中村[!なかむら] さん が だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The one who taught me this was Nakamura-san.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この こと[,事*こと] を 私[わたし] に 教[おし,おしえる]えて くれ[,くれる]た の は 中村[!なかむら] さん だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The one who taught me this was Nakamura-san.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Other particles are fine to use after the noun or noun-phrase.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この こと[,事*こと] を 聞[き,きく]いた の は 中村[!なかむら] さん から だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The one I heard about this from was Nakamura-san.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used in the structure of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> の は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> から だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it can be used to express a situation or event and then state the reason for it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あなた の 人生[じんせい] が 駄目[だめ] な \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">の は\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、酒[さけ] を 飲[の,のむ]む から \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(The reason) that your life is hopeless is because (you) drink alcohol.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.61-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + のは～だ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる の は～だ・食[た,たべる]べた の は～だ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + のは～だ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"安[やす,やすい]い の は～だ・安[やす,やすい]かった の は～だ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + なのは～だ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しずか]か な の は～だ・静[しずか]か だった の は～だ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + なのは～だ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] な の は～だ・学生[がくせい] だった の は～だ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"ThingのはNew-Informationだ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"一番[いちばん] かわいい の は、彼女[かのじょ] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[125,1311,1282],{"id":1150,"title":1151,"mod":1152,"grammarPoint":1153,"grammarPointTitle":1154,"grammarPointDescription":1155,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1156,"similarGrammarPoints":1157,"tags":1312,"content":1159,"dependentGrammarPoints":1160,"language":22},[27,21,141,204],{"id":287,"title":344,"mod":345,"grammarPoint":346,"grammarPointTitle":347,"grammarPointDescription":348,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":349,"similarGrammarPoints":350,"tags":1314,"content":352,"dependentGrammarPoints":353,"language":22,"similarPoints":1315,"prereqPoints":1316},[23,17,292],[321,376],[],{"id":1318,"title":1319,"mod":1320,"grammarPoint":1321,"grammarPointTitle":1322,"grammarPointDescription":1323,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1324,"similarGrammarPoints":1325,"tags":1326,"content":1327,"dependentGrammarPoints":1328,"language":22,"similarPoints":1329,"prereqPoints":1330},20463397960005,"「か」(2) Mark something as an alternative",1769067116233,"ka-list-alternatives","[JLPT N5] 「か」(ka) | Listing Alternatives | Japanese Particle","The question particle か can also be used to introduce alternatives mid-sentence in “X or Y” fashion. It can attach to nouns, adjectives, and verbs. ",[805],[],[23,17,137],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「か」(2) Mark something as an alternative\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"or, whether or not\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In addition to forming questions, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also function as a particle to indicate alternative options.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to mark either sentences or nouns. In the standard construction of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> か \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the second \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is optional.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ケーキ に する[,為る*する] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">か\u003C\u002Fstrong>、ご飯[ごはん] に する[,為る*する] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">か\u003C\u002Fstrong> 迷[まよ,まよう]って いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’m torn between cake or rice today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.63-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 雨[あめ] だ から、家[いえ] で 雑誌[ざっし] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">か\u003C\u002Fstrong> 本[ほん] を 読[よ,よむ]もう 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Since it’s raining today, I’ll read a magazine or a book at home.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.63-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"家[いえ] で 食[た,たべる]べる \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">か\u003C\u002Fstrong>、レストラン に 行[い,いく]く \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">か\u003C\u002Fstrong>、まだ 決[き,きめる]めて い[,居る*いる]ない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I haven’t decided yet whether to eat at home or go out to a restaurant.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.63-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + か\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる か・食[た,たべる]べた か\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + か\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い か・高[たか,たかい]かった か\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + か\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しずか]か か・静[しずか]か だった か\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + か\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] か・学生[がくせい] だった か\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Option1かOption2(か)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"掃除[そうじ] か 洗濯[せんたく] か\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1331],{"id":805,"title":806,"mod":807,"grammarPoint":808,"grammarPointTitle":809,"grammarPointDescription":810,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":811,"similarGrammarPoints":812,"tags":1332,"content":817,"dependentGrammarPoints":818,"language":22},[27,21,141],{"id":1334,"title":1335,"mod":1336,"grammarPoint":1337,"grammarPointTitle":1338,"grammarPointDescription":1339,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1340,"similarGrammarPoints":1341,"tags":1342,"content":1343,"dependentGrammarPoints":1344,"language":22,"similarPoints":1345,"prereqPoints":1346},20463397960006,"「あまり」Indicate a low degree of something",1752206390163,"amari-not-very","[JLPT N4] 「あまり」(amari) | “Not Very” | Japanese Grammar","あまり (and あんまり) is an adverb that means “not very” or “not much”. It is primarily used in negative sentences a la あまりしない (I don't do it much). ",[739,740,741],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「あまり」Indicate a low degree of something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"(not) very\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あまり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is an adverb that can mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"not very\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"not much\"\n }), \". It is often used to express a negative feeling or lack of something.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You will most often encounter it in negative sentences.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"最近[さいきん] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あまり\u003C\u002Fstrong> 運動[うんどう] し[,為る*する]ない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don’t exercise much these days.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.64-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ピザ は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あまり\u003C\u002Fstrong> 食[た,たべる]べない けど、時々[ときどき] 食[た,たべる]べる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't eat pizza much, but sometimes I do.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.64-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A construction that you'll also encounter frequently is the following, which is kind of a set phrase that expresses \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"too much\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that is heartless\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"それ[,其れ*それ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あんまり\u003C\u002Fstrong> だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That's too cruel.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.64-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あんまり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is just a phonological variant of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あまり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". They have the same meaning.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1347,1349,1351],{"id":739,"title":766,"mod":767,"grammarPoint":768,"grammarPointTitle":769,"grammarPointDescription":770,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":771,"similarGrammarPoints":772,"tags":1348,"content":774,"dependentGrammarPoints":775,"language":22},[27,21,472],{"id":740,"title":779,"mod":780,"grammarPoint":781,"grammarPointTitle":782,"grammarPointDescription":783,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":784,"similarGrammarPoints":785,"tags":1350,"content":787,"dependentGrammarPoints":788,"language":22},[27,21,472],{"id":741,"title":792,"mod":793,"grammarPoint":794,"grammarPointTitle":795,"grammarPointDescription":796,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":797,"similarGrammarPoints":798,"tags":1352,"content":800,"dependentGrammarPoints":801,"language":22},[27,21,472],{"id":227,"title":245,"mod":246,"grammarPoint":247,"grammarPointTitle":248,"grammarPointDescription":249,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":250,"similarGrammarPoints":251,"tags":1354,"content":253,"dependentGrammarPoints":254,"language":22,"similarPoints":1355,"prereqPoints":1356},[1034,17,211],[],[31],{"id":1358,"title":1359,"mod":246,"grammarPoint":1360,"grammarPointTitle":1361,"grammarPointDescription":1362,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1363,"similarGrammarPoints":1364,"tags":1365,"content":1366,"dependentGrammarPoints":1367,"language":22,"similarPoints":1368,"prereqPoints":1369},20463397960008,"「屋」Refer to shops and people engaged in certain occupations","ya-shops-and-people-suffix","[JLPT N4] 「屋」(ya) | A Suffix for Shops and Professions | Japanese Vocabulary","屋 is a suffix that appears at the end of certain stores and can also refer to a person who works at that sort of store. For example, パン屋 can refer to a bakery or a baker.",[],[],[17,211,1034],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「屋」Refer to shops and people engaged in certain occupations\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The main usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"屋[や]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is as a suffix for stores, inns, and restaurants, but it can also be used for people with certain occupations.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">パン屋[ぱんや]\u003C\u002Fstrong> で クロワッサン を 買[か,かう]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I bought croissants at the bakery.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.66-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あの 人[ひと] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">本屋[ほんや]\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 毎日[まいにち] 通[かよ,かよう]って いる[,居る*いる] らしい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I hear that person goes to the bookstore every day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.66-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"If you want to use it to refer to a person with a certain occupation, you can do it in the following way.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">本屋[ほんや]\u003C\u002Fstrong> さん に 電話[でんわ] し[,為る*する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I called the man at the bookstore.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.66-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Sometimes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"屋[や]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used to refer to a person with a certain personality trait.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"恥ずかしがり[はずかしがり] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">屋[や]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A shy person\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.66-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The い-adjective here is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"恥ずかしい[はずかしい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"embarrassing\"\n }), \", and the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"がり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is coming from the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"がる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". But don't worry about it for now, as there is a dedicated lesson for it later on.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 屋\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"本屋[ほんや]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":668,"title":680,"mod":681,"grammarPoint":682,"grammarPointTitle":683,"grammarPointDescription":684,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":685,"similarGrammarPoints":686,"tags":1371,"content":689,"dependentGrammarPoints":690,"language":22,"similarPoints":1372,"prereqPoints":1384},[1034,17],[691,1373],{"id":687,"title":1374,"mod":1375,"grammarPoint":1376,"grammarPointTitle":1377,"grammarPointDescription":1378,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1379,"similarGrammarPoints":1380,"tags":1381,"content":1382,"dependentGrammarPoints":1383,"language":22},"「なんか」\"Someone like” or “something like\"",1769141948163,"nanka-doing-just-about-anything","[JLPT N3] 「なんか」 (nanka) | \"Someone Like\" or \"Something Like\" | Japanese Grammar","なんか expresses dislike, humility, emotion, or rhetorical doubt, depending on context. Often adds a casual or expressive tone.",[],[668,155,701],[83,21,141],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「なんか」\\\"Someone like” or “something like\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なんか\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a very common and very flexible word in Japanese. Its exact meaning higly depends on the sentence and context.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"We will cover some of its main uses here, but there are a few more.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"First, it can show contempt or dislike for the thing that precedes it.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"鈴木[!すずき] さん \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">なんか\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 頼[たの,たのむ]んだら、逆[ぎゃく] に 時間[じかん] が かかる[,かかる] よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you ask someone like Suzuki, it’ll actually take longer.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.238-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It can also be used for the speaker to show humility.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">なんか\u003C\u002Fstrong> より 、彼[かれ] の ほう[,方*ほう] が ずっと 才能[さいのう] が あ[,有る*ある]ります よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He’s far more talented than someone like me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.238-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Another usage is to create a rhetorical question.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あんな 人[ひと] の 言[い,いう]う 事[こと] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">なんか\u003C\u002Fstrong> 信用[しんよう] でき[,できる]る もの か 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(Do you really think I) can trust anything that person says??\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.238-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It can also be used to show passionate feelings.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"僕[ぼく] の 悪口[わるぐち] ばかり 言[い,いう]う 会社[かいしゃ] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">なんか\u003C\u002Fstrong> もう 行[い,いく]かない ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) will never go (back) to a freaking company that always speaks ill of me!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.238-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なんて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used in the same way.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":1386,"title":1387,"mod":1388,"grammarPoint":1389,"grammarPointTitle":1390,"grammarPointDescription":1391,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1392,"similarGrammarPoints":1393,"tags":1394,"content":1395,"dependentGrammarPoints":1396,"language":22,"similarPoints":1397,"prereqPoints":1398},20463397960010,"「も~も」List out the same parts of speech",1769067206584,"momo-list-same-parts-speech","[JLPT N5] 「~も~も」(~mo~mo) | \"Both, And, Neither, Nor\" | Japanese Grammar","も means \"also\", and the construction ~も~も can mean \"both A and B\" or \"neither A nor B\" depending on whether it's used in a positive or negative sentence. ",[177,980],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「も~も」List out the same parts of speech\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Both - and; neither - nor\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to list words of the same part of speech, meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"both \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> and \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \", or in a negative sentence, \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"neither \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> nor \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The expression \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> も \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", in a positive sentence, signifies \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"both \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> and \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \". To use this with い-adjectives, they need to be in the く-form, which simply involves replacing the い with a く. When using な-adjectives, the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" must be added.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 彼[かれ] の 弟[おとうと] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">も\u003C\u002Fstrong> サッカー が 上手[じょうず] です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Both he and his younger brother are good at soccer.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.68-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 親切[しんせつ] で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 誠実[せいじつ] で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">も\u003C\u002Fstrong> ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He is both kind and sincere.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.68-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"人生[じんせい] は 苦[くる,くるしい]しく \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 楽[たの,たのしい]しく \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">も\u003C\u002Fstrong> ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Life is both painful and joyful.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.68-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In a negative sentence \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> も \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"neither \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> nor \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あっち の 大[おお]きな 店[みせ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">も\u003C\u002Fstrong> こっち の 小[ちい]さな 店[みせ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 卵[たまご] が ない[,ない] ！！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Both the big store over there and the small store here have no eggs!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.68-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"寒[さむ,さむい]く \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 暑[あつ,あつい]く \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">も\u003C\u002Fstrong> ない[,ない] 国[くに] に 住[す,すむ]みたい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to live in a country that is neither cold nor hot.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.68-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 建物[たてもの] は 奇麗[きれい] で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 立派[りっぱ] で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">も\u003C\u002Fstrong> ない[,ない] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This building is neither beautiful nor magnificent.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.68-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Normally this construct is used with no more than three or four items.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-Stem + くも\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]く も 安[やす,やすい]く も\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + でも\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"便利[べんり] で も 不便[ふべん] で も\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + も\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] も 先生[せんせい] も\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1399,1017],{"id":177,"title":178,"mod":179,"grammarPoint":180,"grammarPointTitle":181,"grammarPointDescription":182,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":183,"similarGrammarPoints":184,"tags":1400,"content":186,"dependentGrammarPoints":187,"language":22},[27,21,141],{"id":1402,"title":1403,"mod":1404,"grammarPoint":1405,"grammarPointTitle":1406,"grammarPointDescription":1407,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1408,"similarGrammarPoints":1409,"tags":1410,"content":1416,"dependentGrammarPoints":1417,"language":22,"similarPoints":1418,"prereqPoints":1419},20463397960011,"「ほど」(1) Express extent",1769135961525,"hodo-1-express-extent","[JLPT N3] 「ほど」(hodo) | \"As Much As, Such That, Approximately\" | Japanese Particles","Capable of attaching to verbs, nouns, and demonstratives, ほど is a Japanese particle that can be translated in many ways. It generally means \"to the extent that...\"",[],[],[1054,17,1411,137],{"id":1412,"title":1413,"description":1414,"slug":1415,"language":22},"1744427836240","ほど Series","Lesson uses ほど in some way","japanese-hodo-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ほど」(1) Express extent\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Degree, extent, as ~ as\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a particle that conveys the extent or degree of something. It is commonly translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to the extent that\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"as much\u002Fmany as\"\n }), \". However, its exact meaning varies depending on the context in which it is used. There are three major uses of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" follows a noun, it is often followed by a negative sentence, and is expressing \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"(to the) degree of \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \". For example, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> ほど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" indicates the extent or degree of \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ほど\u003C\u002Fstrong> 努力[どりょく] し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] 人[ひと] は 少[すく,すくない]ない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are few people who work as hard as he does.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.69-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ほど\u003C\u002Fstrong> 元気[げんき] で は ない[,無い*ない] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm not as energetic as a child.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.69-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The second usage appears in conjunction with an entire sentence or a demonstrative (e.g. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") referring to another sentence. It can be either negative or positive.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 一晩[ひとばん] で 小説[しょうせつ] を 書き上[かきあ,かきあげる]げた 。それ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ほど\u003C\u002Fstrong> 集中力[しゅうちゅうりょく] が ある[,有る*ある] 人[ひと] は 少[すく,すくない]ない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He finished writing a novel in one night. There are only few people with that level of concentration.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.69-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"その 映画[えいが] は、涙[なみだ] が 止[と,とまる]まらなく なる[,成る*なる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ほど\u003C\u002Fstrong> 感動的[かんどうてき] だった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That movie was so moving that I couldn’t stop crying.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.69-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ほど\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"倒[たお,たおれる]れる ほど\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + ほど\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] ほど\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Demonstrative + ほど\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"それほど\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Person\u002FObjectほどProperty\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] ほど 可愛[かわい,かわいい]い\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":1421,"title":1422,"mod":1423,"grammarPoint":1424,"grammarPointTitle":1425,"grammarPointDescription":1426,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1427,"similarGrammarPoints":1428,"tags":1429,"content":1430,"dependentGrammarPoints":1431,"language":22,"similarPoints":1432,"prereqPoints":1433},20463397960012,"「ほど」(2) Indicate the degree of an action or state",1769135961526,"hodo-2-indicate-degree-action-state","[JLPT N3] 「ほど」(hodo) | \"The More X, The More Y\" | Japanese Particles","ほど can also connect related phrases in sentences like \"the more Japanese media I consume, the better I get at Japanese.\" Click for a more detailed explanation.",[],[],[1054,17,1411,137],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ほど」(2) Indicate the degree of an action or state\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"the more X, the more Y\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The use of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in this context conveys the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the more \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, the more \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \", as in \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the closer, the easier to hear\"\n }), \". The general structure is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> ほど \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", where \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" represents the increasing factor, and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" represents what increases with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"勉強[べんきょう] する[,為る*する] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ほど\u003C\u002Fstrong>、上手[じょうず] に なる[,成る*なる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The more you study, the better you become.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.70-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"人[ひと] が 多[おお,おおい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ほど\u003C\u002Fstrong>、イベント は 盛り上[もりあ,もりあがる]がる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The more people there are, the livelier the event becomes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.70-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田舎[いなか] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ほど\u003C\u002Fstrong>、人[ひと] は 親切[しんせつ] です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The more rural the area, the kinder the people are.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.70-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か な \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ほど\u003C\u002Fstrong>、よ[,良い*いい]く 集中[しゅうちゅう] できる[,出来る*できる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The quieter it is, the better I can concentrate.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.70-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ほど\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる ほど\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + ほど\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い ほど\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + (な・である)ほど\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か (な・で ある[,有る*ある]) ほど\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + ほど\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] ほど\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"AほどB\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"勉強[べんきょう] する[,為る*する] ほど、やる[,遣る*やる] 気[き] が 出[で,でる]ない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":1435,"title":1436,"mod":1437,"grammarPoint":1438,"grammarPointTitle":1439,"grammarPointDescription":1440,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1441,"similarGrammarPoints":1442,"tags":1443,"content":1444,"dependentGrammarPoints":1445,"language":22,"similarPoints":1446,"prereqPoints":1447},20463397960013,"「多い・少ない」Express a high or low quantity of something",1753180732083,"ooi-sukunai-express-high-low-quantity-something","[JLPT N5] 「多い・少ない」(ooi・sukunai) | \"Many・ Few\" | Japanese Vocabulary","多い and 少ない mean \"many\" and \"few\" of something, respectively. They are placed AFTER nouns, not before them, and connect to the noun via the particle が.",[399,80],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「多い・少ない」Express a high or low quantity of something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Many, few\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To express the concepts of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"many things\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"few things\"\n }), \" you can use the two adjectives \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"多[おお,おおい]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"少[すく,すくない]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The application of both adjectives is relatively similar.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The general structure for using both words is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> が 多[おお,おおい]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"・\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"少[すく,すくない]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", where \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is the noun being quantified.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"東京[とうきょう] は 人[ひと] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">多[おお,おおい]い\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are a lot of people in Tokyo.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.71-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この クラス は 外国人[がいこくじん] の 学生[がくせい] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">多[おお,おおい]い\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are many international students in this class.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.71-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 地域[ちいき] は 雨[あめ] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">少[すく,すくない]ない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There is little rain in this area.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.71-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今[いま] の 学生[がくせい] は 本[ほん] を 読[よ,よむ]む 時間[じかん] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">少[すく,すくない]ない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Students today have little time to read books.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.71-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Neither of these adjectives can be used before a noun, except when serving as the predicate in a relative clause. Hence, the following sentence does not mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"a lot of friends\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"多[おお,おおい]い 友達[ともだち]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Many friends\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To convey a similar idea, you can use the following expression.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友達[ともだち] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">多[おお,おおい]い\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Many friends\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.71-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is worth noting that the above can also be expressed as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"多[おお,おおい]く の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", as in:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">多[おお,おおい]く\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 人[ひと] が その ニュース に 驚[おどろ,おどろく]いた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Many people were surprised by the news.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.71-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">多[おお,おおい]く\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 店[みせ] で この 商品[しょうひん] を 購入[こうにゅう] できる[,出来る*できる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This product can be purchased at many stores.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.71-7-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"However, there is no similar equivalent for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"少[すく,すくない]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Objectが多い\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友達[ともだち] が 多[おお,おおい]い\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Objectが少ない\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友達[ともだち] が 少[すく,すくない]ない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"多くのObject\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"多[おお,おおい]く の 友達[ともだち]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[454,416],{"id":1449,"title":1450,"mod":1451,"grammarPoint":1452,"grammarPointTitle":1453,"grammarPointDescription":1454,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1455,"similarGrammarPoints":1456,"tags":1457,"content":1458,"dependentGrammarPoints":1459,"language":22,"similarPoints":1460,"prereqPoints":1461},20463397960014,"Dropping particles from sentences",1769067231234,"dropping-particles","The Omission of Japanese Particles in Casual Speech","Particles are the nuts and bolts of Japanese: you usually need several of them in each sentence. They're mandatory... except when they're not. Click for some pointers.",[],[],[17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Dropping particles from sentences\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In spoken Japanese, dropping elements such as particles is a common occurrence that you will become accustomed to. As a result, context, sentence enders—or as is the case in this lesson, particles—are sometimes omitted altogether.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For particles, this is usually when such an omission would not hinder the listener's understanding of the sentence.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] 、友達[ともだち] が 家[いえ] くる[,来る*くる] 。[家[いえ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 来[く,くる]る ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My friend is coming over today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.72-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To be grammatically correct, there should be a \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" after \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"家[いえ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in this sentence. However, the meaning is still clear, even without it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here is an additional example.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"おじ の 子供[こども] が 学校[がっこう] 行[い,いく]かない 。[学校[がっこう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 行[い,いく]かない ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My uncle's children don't go to school.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.72-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":1463,"title":1464,"mod":1465,"grammarPoint":1466,"grammarPointTitle":1467,"grammarPointDescription":1468,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1469,"similarGrammarPoints":1470,"tags":1471,"content":1472,"dependentGrammarPoints":1473,"language":22,"similarPoints":1474,"prereqPoints":1475},20463397960015,"「と」(2) Do something with someone",1769067243717,"to-2-doing-things-with-someone","[JLPT N5] 「と」(to) | \"With\" | Japanese Particles","と is a Japanese particle with very many usages. One of its most common usages is to communicate who you do something with. Click for an explanation and example sentences.",[660],[],[23,17,671],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「と」(2) Do something with someone\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"With\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used with a noun that refers to a person to express the idea of doing something with someone. In this usage it can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"with\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"母[はは] と\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"with (my) mother\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Using it in this way \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"establishes a relationship between two people\"\n }), \". It is often used with verbs and adjectives that imply some kind of relationship. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nRather than a lengthy explanation, it will likely be easier to grasp with the following examples, where \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is simply attached to the person with whom an action is taken.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友達[ともだち] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と\u003C\u002Fstrong> 映画[えいが] を 見[み,みる] に 行[い,いく]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went to see a movie with a friend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.73-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と\u003C\u002Fstrong> 話[はな,はなす]した 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I talked with the teacher.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.73-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"妹[いもうと] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と\u003C\u002Fstrong> ケーキ を 作[つく,つくる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I made a cake with my younger sister.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.73-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"同僚[どうりょう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と\u003C\u002Fstrong> 昼[ひる]ごはん を 食[た,たべる]べた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I had lunch with a coworker.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.73-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here are some more examples of words that are frequently used with this \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] は 山田[!やまだ] と 喧嘩[けんか] し[,為る*する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tanaka had a fight with Yamada.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] は 山田[!やまだ] と 結婚[けっこん] し[,為る*する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tanaka married (with) Yamada.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] は 山田[!やまだ] と 話し合[はなしあ,はなしあう]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tanaka discussed this with Yamada.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] は 山田[!やまだ] と 似[に,にる]て いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tanaka is similar to (with) Yamada.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] は 山田[!やまだ] と 違[ちが,ちがう]う 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tanaka is different to (with) Yamada.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] は 山田[!やまだ] と 同[おな]じ だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tanaka is the same as Yamada.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Making と the topic\"\n })\n }), 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As we learned in this lesson, the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case can tell us who someone is doing something with.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"おば と ワイン を 飲[の,のむ]む 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) drink wine with my aunt.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this sentence our case \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おば と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", tells us who the speaker will be drinking with. Each case like this in a Japanese sentence can be turned into the topic of the sentence using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". 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x2=\\\"61.676\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".008\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".585\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003ClinearGradient id=\\\"Diamond_svg__g\\\" x1=\\\"52.269\\\" x2=\\\"80.492\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF0\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".583\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A really common point of confusion is the difference between using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in a sentence such as the following:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 彼[かれ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と\u003C\u002Fstrong> 会[あ,あう]う　vs　私[わたし] は 彼[かれ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 会[あ,あう]う\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will meet him\u002FI will see him\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The use of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"私[わたし] は 彼[かれ] と 会[あ,あう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" implies mutual action between both parties to meet, signifying a relationship of doing something \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"with\"\n }), \" each other. So, when arranging a meeting at a specific location, using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is appropriate.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"However, when using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"私[わたし] は 彼[かれ] に 会[あ,あう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it conveys that only one party, the speaker, is taking action to meet the other person, who does not need to move. This version is suitable for expressing a visit to someone.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It's important to keep this in mind for other uses as well. For example, rephrasing the sentence \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"車[くるま] が 壁[かべ] に ぶつかる[,ぶつかる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"the car hits the wall\"\n }), \" as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"車[くるま] が 壁[かべ] と ぶつかる[,ぶつかる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" sounds awkward as it implies both move and crash into one another.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1476],{"id":660,"title":661,"mod":662,"grammarPoint":663,"grammarPointTitle":664,"grammarPointDescription":665,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":666,"similarGrammarPoints":667,"tags":1477,"content":676,"dependentGrammarPoints":677,"language":22},[27,21,141,675],{"id":721,"title":733,"mod":734,"grammarPoint":735,"grammarPointTitle":736,"grammarPointDescription":737,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":738,"similarGrammarPoints":742,"tags":1479,"content":744,"dependentGrammarPoints":745,"language":22,"similarPoints":1480,"prereqPoints":1483},[1034,17,137],[1481],{"id":713,"title":714,"mod":715,"grammarPoint":716,"grammarPointTitle":717,"grammarPointDescription":718,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":719,"similarGrammarPoints":720,"tags":1482,"content":729,"dependentGrammarPoints":730,"language":22},[27,21,141,728],[1347,1349,1351],{"id":1485,"title":1486,"mod":1487,"grammarPoint":1488,"grammarPointTitle":1489,"grammarPointDescription":1490,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1491,"similarGrammarPoints":1492,"tags":1493,"content":1494,"dependentGrammarPoints":1495,"language":22,"similarPoints":1496,"prereqPoints":1497},20463397960017,"「それとも」Offer an alternative",1769067333101,"soretomo-show-alternatives","[JLPT N3] 「それとも」(soretomo) | Present \"Either, Or\" Alternatives | Japanese Grammar","Appearing the format \"A。それともB\", this grammar point introduces an alternative to a previously made statement. It's often translated as \"Either A or B\".",[],[],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「それとも」Offer an alternative\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Either - or, or\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Just as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can present alternatives, the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それとも\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" also serves a similar purpose. It offers two choices and is frequently translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"or\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"either~or\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The general structure is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> それとも \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> か それとも \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> or \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"either \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> or \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"コーヒー が いい[,良い*いい] です か？\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">それとも\u003C\u002Fstrong> 紅茶[こうちゃ] に し[,為る*する]ます か？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Would you like coffee? Or would you prefer tea?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.75-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"電車[でんしゃ] で 行[い,いく]きます か ？ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">それとも\u003C\u002Fstrong> 車[くるま] で 行[い,いく]きます か ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Are you going by train? Or by car?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.75-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 勉強[べんきょう] し[,為る*する]ます か ？ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">それとも\u003C\u002Fstrong> 休[やす]み に し[,為る*する]ます か ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Are you going to study today? Or take the day off?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.75-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"それとも、Sentence。\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"それとも、テレビ を 見[み,みる]る か 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":1499,"title":1500,"mod":1501,"grammarPoint":1502,"grammarPointTitle":1503,"grammarPointDescription":1504,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1505,"similarGrammarPoints":1506,"tags":1507,"content":1508,"dependentGrammarPoints":1509,"language":22,"similarPoints":1510,"prereqPoints":1511},20463397960018,"「にする」\"Decide to X\"",1769136310583,"nisuru-decide-on-something","[JLPT N5] 「~にする」(~nisuru) | Communicate a Decision You've Made | Japanese Grammar","にする attaches directly onto nouns (or nominalized verbs) to show a choice you've made. A common usage for this is when ordering: Xにする means \"I'll have\u002Ftake X.\"",[577],[],[23,17,587],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「にする」\\\"Decide to X\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"go with, decided to, chose a\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The construct \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to express the idea that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"you decide on something\"\n }), \". When used with a noun, simply attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は ピザ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に する[,為る*する]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。ずっと 食[た,たべる]べたかった ん だ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'll go with pizza today. I've been craving it!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.76-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"プレゼント は 手作[てづく]り の クッキー \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に し[,為る*する]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> よ 。心[こころ] を こめ[,込める*こめる]たくて 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I decided on homemade cookies for the gift. I wanted to put my heart into it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.76-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か な カフェ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に し[,為る*する]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> けど、意外[いがい] と 混[こ,こむ]んで た[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I chose a quiet café, but it was surprisingly crowded.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.76-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you want a more literal translation of the phrase, it means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"do towards something\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + にする\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"コーヒー に する[,為る*する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[709],{"id":1513,"title":1514,"mod":1515,"grammarPoint":1516,"grammarPointTitle":1517,"grammarPointDescription":1518,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1519,"similarGrammarPoints":1520,"tags":1521,"content":1527,"dependentGrammarPoints":1528,"language":22,"similarPoints":1529,"prereqPoints":1530},20463397960019,"「ことがある」(1) \"There are times when…\"",1769235969444,"kotogaaru-1-there-are-times-when","[JLPT N4] 「ことがある」(~kotogaaru) | \"There Are Times When...\" | Japanese Grammar","verb+ことがある literally means \"(verb) occurs\". The structure is used to communicate that, from time to time, something does indeed happen or can be the case. ",[1269],[],[1034,17,1522],{"id":1523,"title":1524,"description":1525,"slug":1526,"language":22},"1741860978614","こと Series","Lesson uses こと in some way","japanese-koto-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ことがある」(1) \\\"There are times when…\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The construct \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" conveys the idea of something happening occasionally and can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"there are times when \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> happens\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"sometimes (I) do \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"sometimes \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> happens\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"図書館[としょかん] で 食[た,たべる]べる こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I sometimes eat at the library.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This construct combines \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"thing\"\n }), \", which is used to nominalize something, with the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and finally the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to exist\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"有名人[ゆうめいじん] に 駅[えき] で 声[こえ] を かけ[,掛ける*かける]られた \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’ve had a celebrity talk to me at a train station before.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.77-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"宿題[しゅくだい] を 出し忘[だしわす,だしわすれる]れた \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある]\u003C\u002Fstrong> けど、先生[せんせい] は 何[なに] も 言[い,いう]わなかった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’ve forgotten to hand in my homework before, but the teacher didn’t say anything.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.77-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと が ある\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be combined with adverbs of frequency like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よく\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"often\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"時時[!ときどき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"sometimes\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たま に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"occasionally\"\n }), \". \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"時時[ときどき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たま に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are both used in the sentence preceding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと が ある\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"たま に 夢[ゆめ] の 中[なか] で 空[そら] を 飛[と,とぶ]ぶ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Sometimes, I fly through the sky in my dreams.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.77-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よく\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used in the following way.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"電車[でんしゃ] の 中[なか] で 寝[ね,ねる]て、降[お,おりる]りる 駅[えき] を 通り過[とおりす,とおりすぎる]ぎる \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] が よく ある[,有る*ある]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I often fall asleep on the train and miss my stop.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.77-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ことがある\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + ことがある\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"安[やす,やすい]い こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + なことがある\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しずか]か な こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + であることがある\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] で ある こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + のことがある\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] の こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Sentenceことがある\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"父[ちち] が 家[いえ] に 帰[かえ,かえる]らない こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Sentenceことがよくある\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"図書館[としょかん] で 友達[ともだち] に 会[あ,あう]う こと[,事*こと] が よく[,いい] ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1531],{"id":1269,"title":1270,"mod":1271,"grammarPoint":1272,"grammarPointTitle":1273,"grammarPointDescription":1274,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1275,"similarGrammarPoints":1276,"tags":1532,"content":1279,"dependentGrammarPoints":1280,"language":22},[52,21],{"id":1534,"title":1535,"mod":1536,"grammarPoint":1537,"grammarPointTitle":1538,"grammarPointDescription":1539,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1540,"similarGrammarPoints":1541,"tags":1546,"content":1547,"dependentGrammarPoints":1548,"language":22,"similarPoints":1549,"prereqPoints":1592},20463397960020,"「ことができる」Indicate what you can do",1769067362701,"kotogadekiru-yes-you-can","[JLPT N4] 「ことができる」(~kotogadekiru) | Be Able to Do Something | Japanese Grammar","ことができる is a somewhat formal set phrase used to say that somebody is able to do whatever verb comes before こと. Simply attach it to a dictionary-form verb.",[1269],[1542,1543,1544,1545],20463397960188,20463397960189,20463397960190,20463397960191,[1034,1522,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ことができる」Indicate what you can do\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Can, able to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと] が 出来[でき,できる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as a construct conveys the idea that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"someone is able to do something or perform an action\"\n }), \". It combines \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"thing\"\n }), \", which is used to nominalize something, with the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and finally the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"できる[,出来る*できる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be able to\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"作[つく,つくる]る こと[,事*こと] が 出来[でき,できる]る 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can create\u002Fmake (something)\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The general construct is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> こと が 出来[でき,できる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" ending with a verb in its dictionary form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この アプリ を 使[つか,つかう]えば、世界[せかい] 中[じゅう] の 人[ひと] と 話[はな,はなす]す \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] が 出来[でき,できる]る\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you use this app, you can talk with people all over the world.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.78-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ここ から 富士山[ふじさん] を 見[み,みる]る \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] が 出来[でき,できる]る\u003C\u002Fstrong> らしい よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"They say you can see Mt. Fuji from here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.78-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"練習[れんしゅう] す[,為る*する]れば 、誰[だれ] で も 漢字[かんじ] を 覚[おぼ,おぼえる]える \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] が 出来[でき,できる]る\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you practice, anyone can memorize kanji.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.78-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You might also have heard of the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" form of verbs, that can express kind of a similar thing.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To keep it simple, here are the two main differences you can keep in mind.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと] が 出来[でき,できる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can have a more formal and wordy feel to it, so in everyday conversations \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is often prefered.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと] が 出来[でき,できる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also used more in writing.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"If you want a more detailed explanation, take a look at the advanced section.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: 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_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The difference between using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと] が 出来[でき,できる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in Japanese mostly \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"comes down to formality, clarity, and context\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The potential form (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") is more common in spoken language and tends to be used in informal, everyday situations.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"On the other hand, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと] が 出来[でき,できる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is typically used in written language or more formal settings. While both expressions convey the idea of ability or possibility, they do it in slightly different ways.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The potential form is shorter and feels more natural in conversation, but it can sometimes be ambiguous, especially since it often looks exactly like the receptive form. For example, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べられる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can mean either \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"can eat\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"is eaten\"\n }), \" (see example below).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"魚[さかな] が 食[た,たべる]べられた。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"\\\"I was able to eat fish.\\\" \u003Cbr> or \u003Cbr> \\\"The fish was eaten.\\\"\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To avoid that kind of confusion, people sometimes prefer \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと] が 出来[でき,できる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for its clarity, even though it’s a bit longer.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In everyday use, people tend to switch between the two depending on what feels right, going with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと] が 出来[でき,できる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" feels too wordy, and using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと] が 出来[でき,できる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" might be unclear.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It’s also worth noting that some verbs have a separate “true” potential form, but only if they’re u-verbs. Because of this, the potential form for u-verbs has become relatively rare in modern Japanese.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Potential \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"Verb\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Potential \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Form\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"～ことができる Form\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かける]ける\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]かれる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]く こと[,事*こと] が 出来[でき,できる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"切[き,きる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"切[き,きれる]れる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"切[き,きる]られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"切[き,きる]る こと[,事*こと] が 出来[でき,できる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いける]ける\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]かれる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く こと[,事*こと] が 出来[でき,できる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]つ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たてる]てる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]たれる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]つ こと[,事*こと] が 出来[でき,できる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[1550,1561,1571,1581],{"id":1542,"title":1551,"mod":1552,"grammarPoint":1553,"grammarPointTitle":1554,"grammarPointDescription":1555,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1556,"similarGrammarPoints":1557,"tags":1558,"content":1559,"dependentGrammarPoints":1560,"language":22},"The potential form of う-verbs",1769141922897,"verb-potential-u","[JLPT N4] 「れる・られる」 (reru・rareru) | The Potential Form of U-Verbs | Japanese Grammar","Learn how to form the potential form of u-verbs to say you \"can\" do something, and which particles (が, は, を) to use with it in different contexts.",[],[1534],[52,21,472],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The potential form of う-verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Can\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You may have already learned that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと が できる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to express the idea that you are able to do something. But instead you can also use the potential form of verbs. Let's take a look at how you can do this with u-verbs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"All you have to do with u-verbs is change the last vowel from an \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" sound to an \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"e\"\n }), \" sound and add る to it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kana Shift\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Potential\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"take out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"す \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"su\"\n }), \" → せ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"se\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]せる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"can take out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"write\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"く \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ku\"\n }), \" → け \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ke\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]ける\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"can write\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]ぐ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"swim\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぐ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"gu\"\n }), \" → げ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ge\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]げる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"can swim\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"read\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"む \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"mu\"\n }), \" → め \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"me\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]める\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"can read\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]ぬ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"die\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぬ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"nu\"\n }), \" → ね \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ne\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]ねる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"can die\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]ぶ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"fly\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぶ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"bu\"\n }), \" → べ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"be\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"can fly\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go home\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"る \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ru\"\n }), \" → れ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"re\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]れる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"can go home\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]つ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"stand\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"つ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"tu\"\n }), \" → て \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"te\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]てる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"can stand\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"buy\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"う \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" → え \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"e\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]える\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"can buy\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The potential form of u-verbs itself conjugates like a ru-verb. This means the past form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"作[つく,つくる]れる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"作[つく,つくる]れた\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". And as always for ru-verbs, just replace the る with the ending you want.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 材料[ざいりょう] が あれ[,有る*ある]ば、簡単[かんたん] に ケーキ が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">作[つく,つくる]れる\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"With these ingredients, you can easily make a cake.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.247-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 靴[くつ] なら、どんな 道[みち] で も \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">走[はし,はしる]れる\u003C\u002Fstrong> 気[き] が する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"With these shoes, I feel like I can run on any type of path.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.247-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now one thing you should be careful about is what particle you use with the potential form. As a general rule, the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" should be used with potential form, in which it is used to mark the object one has the ability (or lack of ability) to affect.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ケーキ が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">作[つく,つくる]れる\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can make cake.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.247-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiMigachuToggle, {\n text: \"Advanced 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Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Above we already mentioned that you should use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to express that a certain action is possible. But, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are sometimes seen with the potential form too.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used, it provides contrast. It highlights that one thing can be done, unlike something else.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ケーキ は 作[つく,つくる]れる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can make cake (but not cookies).\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It is also one of the reasons why は is used in many negative statements.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ケーキ は 作[つく,つくる]れない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I cannot make cake (but I can make something else).\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Lastly, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is sometimes used by native speakers in ways that might not be considered grammatically correct, but due to its frequent usage, it can be considered more or less acceptable.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ケーキ を 作[つく,つくる]れる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can make cake.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in such a way may sometimes lead to confusion, as this could be seen as the passive form, which we will talk more about later. On the other hand, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" makes it clear which form is being used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ケーキ を 食[た,たべる]べられた から、ケーキ が 食[た,たべる]べられない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The cake was eaten, so I cannot eat it.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So far, so good. But there is one more thing to go over in regard to this conjugation; there are some cases where \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is possible or even mandatory.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to mark a space that someone moves along or across.\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あの 道[みち] を 一人[ひとり] で 歩[ある,あるく]けない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can't walk that road alone.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to mark a location from which a movement begins.\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"うち を 出[で,でる]られる よう に な[,なる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I became able to leave my house.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":1543,"title":1562,"mod":1563,"grammarPoint":1564,"grammarPointTitle":1565,"grammarPointDescription":1555,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1566,"similarGrammarPoints":1567,"tags":1568,"content":1569,"dependentGrammarPoints":1570,"language":22},"The potential form of る verbs",1769141955564,"verb-potential-ru","[JLPT N4] 「れる・られる」 (reru・rareru) | The Potential Form of Ru-Verbs | Japanese Grammar",[],[1534],[52,21,472],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The potential form of る verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Can\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You may have already learned that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと が できる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to express the idea that you are able to do something. But instead you can also use the potential form of verbs. Let's take a look at how you can do this with ru-verbs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To express potential for ru-verbs, simply remove the final る and attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Potential\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"can go out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べられる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"can eat\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"難[むずか,むずかしい]しい 字[じ] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">覚[おぼ,おぼえる]えられた\u003C\u002Fstrong> ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) was able to remember the difficult character.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.248-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"アラーム が 鳴[な,なる]って も、全然[ぜんぜん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">起[お,おきる]きられなかった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even when the alarm rang, I couldn’t wake up at all.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.248-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now one thing that you should be careful about is what particle you use with the potential form. As a general rule, the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" should be used with potential form, in which it is used to mark the object one has the ability (or lack of ability) to affect.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ケーキ が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べられる\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can eat cake.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.248-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiMigachuToggle, {\n text: \"Advanced 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Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Above we already mentioned that you should use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to express that a certain action is possible. But, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are sometimes seen with the potential form too.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used, it provides contrast. It highlights that one thing can be done, unlike something else.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ケーキ は 作[つく,つくる]れる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can make cake (but not cookies).\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It is also one of the reasons why は is used in many negative statements.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ケーキ は 作[つく,つくる]れない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I cannot make cake (but I can make something else).\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Lastly, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is sometimes used by native speakers in ways that might not be considered grammatically correct, but due to its frequent usage, it can be considered more or less acceptable.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ケーキ を 作[つく,つくる]れる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can make cake.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in such a way may sometimes lead to confusion, as this could be seen as the passive form, which we will talk more about later. On the other hand, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" makes it clear which form is being used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ケーキ を 食[た,たべる]べられた から、ケーキ が 食[た,たべる]べられない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The cake was eaten, so I cannot eat it.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So far, so good. But there is one more thing to go over in regard to this conjugation; there are some cases where \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is possible or even mandatory.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to mark a space that someone moves along or across.\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あの 道[みち] を 一人[ひとり] で 歩[ある,あるく]けない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can't walk that road alone.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to mark a location from which a movement begins.\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"うち を 出[で,でる]られる よう に な[,なる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I became able to leave my house.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":1544,"title":1572,"mod":1573,"grammarPoint":1574,"grammarPointTitle":1575,"grammarPointDescription":1555,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1576,"similarGrammarPoints":1577,"tags":1578,"content":1579,"dependentGrammarPoints":1580,"language":22},"The potential form of irregular verbs",1769141978142,"verb-potential-irregular","[JLPT N4] 「れる・られる」 (reru・rareru) | The Potential Form of Irregular Verbs | Japanese Grammar",[],[1534],[52,21,472],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The potential form of irregular verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Can\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You may have already learned that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと が できる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to express the idea that you are able to do something. But instead you can also use the potential form of verbs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's take a look at the potential form of the irregular verbs now. This time we see a total departure from the dictionary form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"; its potential form is an entirely new word: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"できる[,できる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Potential\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to do\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"できる[,できる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"can do\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[く,くる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to come\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[こ,くる]られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"can come\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]ける\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"can go\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 仕事[しごと] なら 私[わたし] に も \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">できる[,できる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> と 思[お,おもう]う 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think even I can do this job.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.249-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: 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\"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Above we already mentioned that you should use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to express that a certain action is possible. But, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are sometimes seen with the potential form too.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used, it provides contrast. It highlights that one thing can be done, unlike something else.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ケーキ は 作[つく,つくる]れる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can make cake (but not cookies).\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It is also one of the reasons why は is used in many negative statements.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ケーキ は 作[つく,つくる]れない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I cannot make cake (but I can make something else).\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Lastly, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is sometimes used by native speakers in ways that might not be considered grammatically correct, but due to its frequent usage, it can be considered more or less acceptable.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ケーキ を 作[つく,つくる]れる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can make cake.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in such a way may sometimes lead to confusion, as this could be seen as the passive form, which we will talk more about later. On the other hand, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" makes it clear which form is being used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ケーキ を 食[た,たべる]べられた から、ケーキ が 食[た,たべる]べられない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The cake was eaten, so I cannot eat it.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So far, so good. But there is one more thing to go over in regard to this conjugation; there are some cases where \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is possible or even mandatory.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to mark a space that someone moves along or across.\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あの 道[みち] を 一人[ひとり] で 歩[ある,あるく]けない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can't walk that road alone.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to mark a location from which a movement begins.\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"うち を 出[で,でる]られる よう に な[,なる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I became able to leave my house.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":1545,"title":1582,"mod":1583,"grammarPoint":1584,"grammarPointTitle":1585,"grammarPointDescription":1586,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1587,"similarGrammarPoints":1588,"tags":1589,"content":1590,"dependentGrammarPoints":1591,"language":22},"「られる → れる」 The abbreviated potential form of Japanese verbs",1769142117129,"verb-potential-slang","[JLPT N4] 「〜れる」 (reru) | The Potential Form of Verbs, but Casual | Japanese Grammar","Informal Japanese often drops the ら in potential verbs, turning られる into れる—for example, 食べられる becomes 食べれる.",[],[1534],[52,21,472],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「られる → れる」 The abbreviated potential form of Japanese verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Can\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As with any language, people find ways to express the same idea with less effort.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The same is true for the potential form in Japanese, which can simply be shortened to れる.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This slang form just drops the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in forms that would otherwise end in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". For example, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べられる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" becomes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べれる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] が 読[よ,よむ]んだ 本[ほん] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">数[かぞ,かぞえる]えれない\u003C\u002Fstrong> くらい 多[おお,おおい]い 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He has read more books than I can count.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.250-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"こんなに きれい[,綺麗*きれい] な 景色[けしき] が 無料[むりょう] なんて、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">信[しん,しんじる]じれない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can’t believe such a beautiful view is free.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.250-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Stemれる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べれる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[1531],{"id":1594,"title":1595,"mod":1596,"grammarPoint":1597,"grammarPointTitle":1598,"grammarPointDescription":1599,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1600,"similarGrammarPoints":1601,"tags":1602,"content":1608,"dependentGrammarPoints":1609,"language":22,"similarPoints":1610,"prereqPoints":1611},20463397960021,"「ところだ」(1) \"Just about to\"",1769136414918,"tokoroda-when-you-are-just-about-do-something","[JLPT N4] 「ところだ」(tokoroda) | Be About to Do Something | Japanese Grammar","ところ means \"place\", but when you attach it to a dictionary-form verb, it takes on the meaning of being just about to do something. Click to see example sentences.",[],[],[1034,17,1603],{"id":1604,"title":1605,"description":1606,"slug":1607,"language":22},"1741861129005","ところ Series","Lesson uses ところ in some way.","japanese-tokoro-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ところだ」(1) \\\"Just about to\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This is a really useful construction that is often used to express that someone is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"about to do something\"\n }), \".\\nThere are many combinations that can be used with this word and, depending on the form of the verb before \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ところ[,所*ところ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and what follows \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ところ[,所*ところ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the meaning changes a bit.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The typical format of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> ところ[,所*ところ] だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" uses a verb in its dictionary form at the end of \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \", conveying that the person is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"about to do \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"映画[えいが] が 始[はじ,はじまる]まる \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ところ[,所*ところ] だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The movie is just about to start.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.79-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今[いま] から 知り合[しりあ]い と 会[あ,あう]う \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ところ[,所*ところ] だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm about to go out with an acquaintance.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.79-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ケーキ を 食[た,たべる]べる \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ところ[,所*ところ] だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> よ。君[きみ] も どう ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm just about to eat cake. Want some too?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.79-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are more variations, specifically with what follows \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ところ[,所*ところ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Aside from the copula, it can also be followed by other particles. We cover more of those in different lessons.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ところだ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる ところ だ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":1613,"title":1614,"mod":1615,"grammarPoint":1616,"grammarPointTitle":1617,"grammarPointDescription":1618,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1619,"similarGrammarPoints":1620,"tags":1621,"content":1627,"dependentGrammarPoints":1628,"language":22,"similarPoints":1629,"prereqPoints":1630},20463397960022,"「つもり」Show intent",1769136414919,"tsumori-show-intent","[JLPT N5] 「つもり」(tsumori) | Intend to Do Something | Japanese Grammar","つもり is one of several Japanese structures used to communicate intent to do something. Unlike 予定, it doesn't suggest that you actually have a plan about how to do that thing yet.",[],[],[23,17,1622],{"id":1623,"title":1624,"description":1625,"slug":1626,"language":22},"1744427845340","つもり Series","Lesson uses つもり in some way","japanese-tsumori-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「つもり」Show intent\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"will, plan to, intend to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"My \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"intention\"\n }), \" with this lesson is to teach you about \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"つもり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Get it? Sorry. Anyways, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"つもり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is utilized to express one's intention of doing something (not necessarily a concrete plan!).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"来年[らいねん]、日本[にほん] に 留学[りゅうがく] する[,為る*する] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">つもり\u003C\u002Fstrong> です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I plan to study abroad in Japan next year.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.80-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"本[ほん] を 読[よ,よむ]む \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">つもり\u003C\u002Fstrong> で カフェ に 行[い,いく]った けど、結局[けっきょく] ずっと スマホ を いじ[,弄る*いじる]って た[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went to the café planning to read a book, but I ended up just fiddling with my phone the whole time.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.80-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"明日[あした] は 朝[あさ] ５時[ごじ,時*じ] に 起[お,おきる]きる \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">つもり\u003C\u002Fstrong> だ けど、自信[じしん] が ない[,無い*ない] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I plan to wake up at 5 a.m. tomorrow, but I’m not confident I’ll make it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.80-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is important to note that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"つもり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is dependent, which means that it must be preceded by something. That something can be a noun with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">noun の つもり\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", a な-adjective with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">adjective な つもり\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", an い-adjective or a verb. If you want to refer to something without naming it, you have to use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"その つもり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I intend that\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：本当[ほんとう] に 辞[や,やめる]める の ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：うん、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">その つもり\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Are you really quitting? \u003Cbr> B: Yeah, that’s the plan.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.80-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + つもりだ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる つもり だ・食[た,たべる]べた つもり だ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + つもりだ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"安[やす,やすい]い つもり だ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + なつもりだ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": 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x2=\\\"80.492\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF0\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".583\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Besides \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"つもり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", there are other words and structures that can be used to show your intent, plan, or desire to do something. Let's discuss the differences between them.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"つもり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" indicates your intention to do something. It doesn't necessarily mean you have a concrete plan in place. Stating an intention with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"つもり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" does not obligate you to follow through.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"予定[よてい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", on the other hand, refers to a plan. It means you have made a commitment to do something, whether it's with yourself or with someone else. Not following through on a \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"予定[よてい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" suggests that you might not be reliable.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～よ と 思[お,おもう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is another structure that can be used with a similar meaning. It also expresses the idea that the speaker has decided or desires to do something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"These three structures can be arranged from least to most definite.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"行[い,いく]こう と 思[おも,おもう]って いる[,居る*いる]。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’m thinking of going.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"行[い,いく]く つもり だ。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I intend to go.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"行[い,いく]く 予定[よてい] だ。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I plan to go.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":1632,"title":1633,"mod":1634,"grammarPoint":1635,"grammarPointTitle":1636,"grammarPointDescription":1637,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1638,"similarGrammarPoints":1639,"tags":1640,"content":1641,"dependentGrammarPoints":1642,"language":22,"similarPoints":1643,"prereqPoints":1644},20463397960023,"「だった」Declare something “was\"",1769067555036,"datta-declare-past-state-of-being","[JLPT N5] だった (datta) | Declare Something “Was” | Japanese Grammar","だ combines with nouns and adjectives to declare state-of-being in Japanese—that something “is” something. だった is the past-tense form of だ.",[58],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「だった」Declare something “was\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Was, were\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The past form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is simply \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which you can use to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"was\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"were\"\n }), \". Just like with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" directly to a noun.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] だった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"was a teacher\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] の 話[はなし] は 全部[ぜんぶ] 嘘[うそ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Her story was all a lie.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.81-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 高校[こうこう] の とき、サッカー部[さっかーぶ] の キャプテン \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He was the captain of the soccer team in high school.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.81-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 本[ほん] は、祖母[そぼ] の 大切[たいせつ] な 宝物[たからもの] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This book was my grandmother’s treasured possession.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.81-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"One thing to make a mental note of is the た at the end. This is basically our indicator to see if something is past tense. You will notice this in other constructions as well.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + だった\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"きれい だった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + だった\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] だった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[125],{"id":1646,"title":1647,"mod":1615,"grammarPoint":1648,"grammarPointTitle":1649,"grammarPointDescription":1650,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1651,"similarGrammarPoints":1652,"tags":1653,"content":1654,"dependentGrammarPoints":1655,"language":22,"similarPoints":1656,"prereqPoints":1657},20463397960024,"「じゃなかった」Declare something \"was not\"","janakatta-declare-something-was-not","[JLPT N5] 「じゃなかった」 (janakatta) | Declare Something “Was Not” | Japanese Grammar","じゃない combines with nouns and adjectives to say that X is not Y in Japanese. じゃなかった is the past-tense form of じゃない. ",[112],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「じゃなかった」Declare something \\\"was not\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The way to turn \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"is not\"\n }), \" into its past form is something you should try to remember, as it will come in handy for other structures as well.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Start with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", remove the い, and replace it with かった.\\nThus, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" becomes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃなかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in the past form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] じゃなかった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"wasn't a teacher\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 先生[せんせい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">じゃなかった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。警察官[けいさつかん] だった！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He wasn’t a teacher. He was a police officer!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1-82-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう] の 音[おと]、雷[かみなり] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">じゃなかった\u003C\u002Fstrong> よ 。花火[はなび] だった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That sound yesterday wasn’t thunder. It was fireworks.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1-82-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"夢[ゆめ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">じゃなかった\u003C\u002Fstrong>！本当[ほんとう] に 空[そら] を 飛[と,とぶ]んだ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It wasn’t a dream… I really flew through the sky!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1-82-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the casual expression of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で は ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the part that brings the negation. You will see it over and over again, in verbs and adjectives as well. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" contracts to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and that is how you arrive at \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\\nBut, even in less casual conversations, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is typically used instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で は ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". To increase formality \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"です\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added. E.g. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"犬[いぬ] じゃない です\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". But we will introduce \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"です\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" later.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + じゃなかった\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"きれい じゃなかった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + じゃなかった\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] じゃなかった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1658],{"id":112,"title":113,"mod":114,"grammarPoint":115,"grammarPointTitle":116,"grammarPointDescription":117,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":118,"similarGrammarPoints":119,"tags":1659,"content":121,"dependentGrammarPoints":122,"language":22},[27,21],{"id":753,"title":1661,"mod":1662,"grammarPoint":1663,"grammarPointTitle":1664,"grammarPointDescription":1665,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1666,"similarGrammarPoints":1667,"tags":1668,"content":1669,"dependentGrammarPoints":1670,"language":22,"similarPoints":1671,"prereqPoints":1672},"The past tense of う verbs",1769067726986,"verb-past-u","[JLPT N5] | Past Tense of U Verbs | Japanese Grammar","う (u) verbs end in -す、-く、-ぐ、-ぶ、-つ、-む、-う or -ぬ. To use them in the psat tense, remove this final kana and replace it. Click to see conjugation tables and examples.",[457],[],[23,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The past tense of う verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Conveys an action in the past\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"All verbs in their past tense either end in た or だ. So, how do we alter u-verbs to fit this form? Let's find out.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Of the two primary verb categories, this one may present a greater challenge as the conjugation depends on the final character of the verb.\\nThe kana that a u-verb ends with determines its placement into one of five groups. Each group has a slightly different past ending. \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Don't worry, this is probably the most difficult conjugation to remember in Japanese.\"\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nAs always, the tables below are just there to help you get an overview of the system and help you understand it. However, don't try to memorize all the endings for each kana group. The “memorization” happens through engaging with the language, and over time you will have them down, no problem.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kana-Group\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Past-Form Ending\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"うつる\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"った\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ぬぶむ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"んだ\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"く\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"いた\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ぐ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"いだ\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"す\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"した\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"br\", {})\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kana Shift\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Past-Tense\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"take out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"す \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"su\"\n }), \" → した \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"shita\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]した\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"took out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"write\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"く \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ku\"\n }), \" → いた \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ita\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]いた\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"wrote\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]ぐ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"swim\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぐ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"gu\"\n }), \" → いだ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ida\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]いだ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"swam\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"read\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"む \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"mu\"\n }), \" → んだ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"nda\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]んだ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"read\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]ぬ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"die\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぬ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"nu\"\n }), \" → んだ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"nda\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]んだ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"died\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]ぶ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"fly\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぶ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"bu\"\n }), \" → んだ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"nda\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]んだ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"flew\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"return\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"る \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ru\"\n }), \" → った \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"tta\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]った\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"returned\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]つ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"stand up\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"つ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"tu\"\n }), \" → った \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"tta\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]った\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"stood up\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"buy\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"う \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" → った \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"tta\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]った\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"bought\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう]、友達[ともだち] と 海[うみ] で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">泳[およ,およぐ]いだ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yesterday, I swam in the ocean with a friend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.83-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 映画[えいが] を 見[み,みる]て、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">泣[な,なく]いた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He watched a movie and cried.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.83-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は パーティー で ギター を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">弾[ひ,ひく]いた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He played the guitar at the party.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.83-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"山[やま] の 上[うえ] で 大声[おおごえ] で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">叫[さけ,さけぶ]んだ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I shouted loudly at the top of the mountain.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.83-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[502],{"id":754,"title":1674,"mod":1675,"grammarPoint":1676,"grammarPointTitle":1677,"grammarPointDescription":1678,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1679,"similarGrammarPoints":1680,"tags":1681,"content":1682,"dependentGrammarPoints":1683,"language":22,"similarPoints":1684,"prereqPoints":1685},"The past tense of る verbs",1769067767286,"verb-past-ru","[JLPT N5] | Past Tense of Ru Verbs | Japanese Grammar","る (ru) verbs are verbs that end in -る.To make their past tense, simply replace -る with -た or -ました Be careful, though! Some words that end with -る are actually -う verbs.",[465],[],[23,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The past tense of る verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Conveys an action in the past\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"All verbs in their past tense either end in た or だ.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"While turning u-verbs into their past form is a bit more complicated, turning ru-verbs into their past form is a breeze by comparison.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Converting ru-verbs into the past tense is a simple task. Just replace る with た and you're done.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Past\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]た\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"went out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べた\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"ate\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Couldn’t be simpler!\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう]、初[はじ]めて 寿司[すし] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yesterday, I ate sushi for the first time.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.84-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"大事[だいじ] な メール を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">忘[わす,わすれる]れた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I forgot an important email.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.84-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"雨[あめ] が 降[ふ,ふる]った ので、シャツ が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">濡[ぬ,ぬれる]れた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Because it rained, my shirt got wet.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.84-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"公園[こうえん] で 野良猫[のらねこ] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">見[み,みかける]かけた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I spotted a stray cat in the park.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.84-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[476],{"id":755,"title":1687,"mod":1688,"grammarPoint":1689,"grammarPointTitle":1690,"grammarPointDescription":1691,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1692,"similarGrammarPoints":1693,"tags":1694,"content":1695,"dependentGrammarPoints":1696,"language":22,"similarPoints":1697,"prereqPoints":1698},"The past tense of irregular verbs",1769067774653,"verb-past-irregular","[JLPT N5] | Past Tense of Irregular Verbs | Japanese Grammar","Japanese has only four irregular verbs: する、来る、ある、 and 行く. Click for a table showing the past tense of each one, plus a few example sentences.",[466],[],[23,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The past tense of irregular verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Conveys an action in the past\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"All verbs in their past tense either end in た or だ.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For the irregular verbs, there aren’t many shortcuts or tricks to remember them besides plain memorization. But since there are only four, brute-force memorizing isn’t too tough. You’ll run into this group over and over, which will help reinforce them naturally as time goes on.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Past-Tense\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to do\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し[,為る*する]た\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"did\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[く,くる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to come\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": 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\"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あ[,有る*ある]った\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"was\u002Fwere\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 昨日[きのう]、友達[ともだち] と 一緒[いっしょ] に 面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]い 実験[じっけん] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yesterday, he did an interesting experiment with a friend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.85-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"机[つくえ] の 下[した] に、古[ふる,ふるい]い 手紙[てがみ] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あっ[,有る*ある]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There was an old letter under the desk.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.85-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": 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とき、一度[いちど] だけ 富士山[ふじさん] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">行[い,いく]った\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Back in high school, I went to Mt. Fuji just once.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.85-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Pay attention to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[く,くる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to come\"\n }), \", as the reading of 来 changes from い to き.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to exist\"\n }), \" are not listed as irregular verbs in most textbooks, but as their most used forms behave irregularly, we count them as such.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[487],{"id":1700,"title":1701,"mod":1702,"grammarPoint":1703,"grammarPointTitle":1704,"grammarPointDescription":1705,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1706,"similarGrammarPoints":1707,"tags":1708,"content":1709,"dependentGrammarPoints":1710,"language":22,"similarPoints":1711,"prereqPoints":1712},20463397960028,"The negative past tense of う verbs",1769136414920,"verb-past-negative-u","[JLPT N5] | Negating U-Verbs in the Past Tense | Japanese Verbs","To make the negative form of an -う verb, replace the final vowel with -a and then add 「なかった」. For example: 聞く (to listen) → 聞か → 聞かなかった.",[739],[],[23,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationIpa, UiPronunciationRomanized, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationIpa) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationIpa\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The negative past tense of う verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Did not X\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In this lesson, we’ll look at how to express the past-negative form of Japanese verbs, that is, how to say something didn’t happen. The good news? It’s actually easier than forming the regular past tense, especially if you’re already comfortable with the basic negative forms.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To keep things simple, we’ll start with a quick review of how to conjugate verbs into their present-negative forms.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"negative form review\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To change u-verbs into their negative form, turn the last \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" vowel into the a-stem, which ends in an \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"a\"\n }), \" vowel, and add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (e.g. む \", _jsx(UiPronunciationIpa, {\n pronunciation: \"mu\"\n }), \" turns into ま \", _jsx(UiPronunciationIpa, {\n pronunciation: \"ma\"\n }), \").\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Verbs that end in う in their dictionary form are the only exception — for those, you change the う to a わ and then add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". 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1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"a-Stem\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"う\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"わ\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"つ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"た\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n 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_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"past negative form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So, using this as our starting point, we can turn all u-verbs into the past-negative by doing the same thing you do with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \": remove the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"い\"\n }), \" and add \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"かった\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"のまな\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">い\u003C\u002Fstrong>　→　のまな\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">かった\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"nomanai → nomanakatta\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kana Shift\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative From\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative-Past\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"take out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"す \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"su\"\n }), \" → さ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"sa\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出さない[ださない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't take out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]さなかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"didn't take out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"write\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"く \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ku\"\n }), \" → か \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ka\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書かない[かかない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't write\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]かなかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"didn't write\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]ぐ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"swim\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぐ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"gu\"\n }), \" → が \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ga\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳がない[およがない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't swim\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]がなかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"didn't swim\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"read\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"む \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"mu\"\n }), \" → ま \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ma\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読まない[よまない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't read\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]まなかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"didn't read\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]ぬ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"die\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぬ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"nu\"\n }), \" → な \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"na\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死なない[しなない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't die\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]ななかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"didn't die\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]ぶ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"fly\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぶ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"bu\"\n }), \" → ば \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ba\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛ばない[とばない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't fly\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]ばなかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"didn't fly\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go home\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"る \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ru\"\n }), \" → ら \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ra\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰らない[かえらない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't go home\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]らなかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"didn't go home\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]つ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"stand\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"つ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"tsu\"\n }), \" → た \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ta\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立たない[たたない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't stand\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]たなかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"didn't stand\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"buy\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"う \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" → わ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"wa\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買わない[かわない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't buy\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]わなかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"didn't buy\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 約束[やくそく] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">守[まも,まもる]らなかった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He didn’t keep his promise.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.86-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨晩[さくばん] は 雨[あめ] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">降[ふ,ふる]らなかった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It didn’t rain last night.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.86-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"朝ご飯[あさごはん] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">作[つく,つくる]らなかった\u003C\u002Fstrong> から、お腹[おなか] が 空[す,すく]いた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I didn’t make breakfast, so I got hungry.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.86-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"プレゼント を 渡[わた,わたす]した のに、彼[かれ] は 何[なに] も \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">言[い,いう]わなかった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I gave him a present, but he didn’t say anything.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.86-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-a-Stem + なかった\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"出[だ,だす]さなかった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1347],{"id":1714,"title":1715,"mod":1702,"grammarPoint":1716,"grammarPointTitle":1717,"grammarPointDescription":1718,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1719,"similarGrammarPoints":1720,"tags":1721,"content":1722,"dependentGrammarPoints":1723,"language":22,"similarPoints":1724,"prereqPoints":1725},20463397960029,"The negative past tense of る verbs","verb-past-negative-ru","[JLPT N5] ~なかった (~nai) | Negating Ru-Verbs in the Past Tense | Japanese Verbs","To make the negative form of a -る verb, simply replace 「る」 with 「なかった」. For example, 食べる (to eat) becomes 食べなかった (to not eat).",[740],[],[17,23,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The negative past tense of る verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Did not X\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Creating the past-negative form of ru-verbs is pretty straightforward, but before we jump in, let’s quickly review how to form the negative, since that’ll be our starting point.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To turn ru-verbs into their negative form, simply remove the る and add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". To turn this into past-negative, remove the い and add かった.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary From\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative From\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Past-Negative From\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出ない[でない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't go out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]なかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"didn't go out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食べない[たべない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べなかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"didn't eat\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"And that's it.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] は 最後[さいご] まで \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">信[しん,しんじる]じなかった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She didn’t believe it until the very end.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.87-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 宝物[たからもの] の 場所[ばしょ] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">教[おし,おしえる]えなかった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He didn’t reveal the location of the treasure.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.87-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] は 秘密[ひみつ] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">忘[わす,わすれる]れなかった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She didn’t forget the secret.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.87-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Stem + なかった\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べなかった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1349],{"id":1727,"title":1728,"mod":1702,"grammarPoint":1729,"grammarPointTitle":1730,"grammarPointDescription":1731,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1732,"similarGrammarPoints":1733,"tags":1734,"content":1735,"dependentGrammarPoints":1736,"language":22,"similarPoints":1737,"prereqPoints":1738},20463397960030,"The negative past tense of irregular verbs","verb-past-negative-irregulars","[JLPT N5] Negating Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense | Japanese Verbs","The negative form of する、来る、行く、and ある all end with ない. To make their past tenses, simple replace ない with なかった. Click to see a table and further explanation.",[741],[],[23,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The negative past tense of irregular verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Did not X\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The past-negative form of irregular verbs won’t have any surprises, it follows the same patterns as ru-verbs and u-verbs when it comes to forming this tense.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Once again, we can use the negative form of the verb as the basis, remove い, and add かった.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Past-Negative Form\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"do\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し[,為る*する]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し[,為る*する]なかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"didn't\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[く,くる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"come\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[!こ,くる]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't come\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[!こ,くる]なかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"didn't come\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]かない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't go\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]かなかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"didn't go\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"exist\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't exist\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なかっ[,ない]た\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"didn't exist\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"プレゼン の 前[まえ] に 準備[じゅんび] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]なかった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I didn't prepare before the presentation.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.88-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"君[きみ] が パーティー \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">来[こ,くる]なかった\u003C\u002Fstrong> の は なぜ ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why didn't you come to the party?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.88-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] は 怖[こわ,こわい]くて、心霊[しんれい] ツアー に は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">行[い,いく]かなかった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She was too scared, so she didn't go on the ghost tour.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.88-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"駅[えき] に 着[つ,つく]いた とき、バス の 姿[すがた] は もう \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">な[,無い*ない]かった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"By the time I arrived at the station, the bus was already gone.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.88-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Pay attention to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[く,くる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"come\"\n }), \"! The reading of 来 in the negative and past-negative form is こ, not く.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to exist\"\n }), \" are not listed as irregular verbs in most textbooks, but as their most used forms behave irregularly, we count them as such.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1351],{"id":1085,"title":1740,"mod":1741,"grammarPoint":1742,"grammarPointTitle":1743,"grammarPointDescription":1744,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1745,"similarGrammarPoints":1746,"tags":1747,"content":1748,"dependentGrammarPoints":1749,"language":22,"similarPoints":1750,"prereqPoints":1751},"The past tense of い adjectives",1769136753320,"i-adjectives-past","[JLPT N5] -i Adjectives Past Tense | Japanese Grammar","い-adjectives all end in い. To make the past tense form of an い-adjective, simply replace い with かった: 高い (expensive) → 高かった (was expensive).",[399],[],[23,17,408],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The past tense of い adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Describe how something was\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can use the past tense of adjectives to say that something was a certain way, like saying something \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"was delicious\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The past form of い-adjectives is luckily super easy to make. All you have to do is remove the い at the end and replace it with かった. That’s it!\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"おいしい　→　おいし　→　おいしかった。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Delicious → Delicious → Was delicious.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"And now you can say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the cake was delicious\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ケーキ は おいし[,おいしい]かった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The cake was delicious.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"And as always, a quick mention of our special case, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いい[,良い*いい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"good\"\n }), \". Its past form is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よか[,良い*いい]った\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あの 映画[えいが] は 意外[いがい] と \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">短[みじ,みじかい]かった\u003C\u002Fstrong> が、心[こころ] に 深[ふか,ふかい]く 残[のこ,のこる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That movie was surprisingly short, but it left a deep impression on me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.89-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] の 料理[りょうり] は 見た目[みため] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">良[よ,いい]かった\u003C\u002Fstrong> けど、味[あじ] は ひど[,酷い*ひどい]かった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"His cooking looked good, but the taste was awful.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.89-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"登山[とざん] は 思[おも,おもう]った より も \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">きつ[,キツい*きつい]かった\u003C\u002Fstrong> けど、頂上[ちょうじょう] の 景色[けしき] は 最高[さいこう] だった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The hike was tougher than I expected, but the view from the summit was amazing.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.89-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-Stem + かった\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"おいし[,おいしい]かった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[454],{"id":1753,"title":1754,"mod":1755,"grammarPoint":1756,"grammarPointTitle":1757,"grammarPointDescription":1758,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1759,"similarGrammarPoints":1760,"tags":1761,"content":1762,"dependentGrammarPoints":1763,"language":22,"similarPoints":1764,"prereqPoints":1765},20463397960032,"The negative past tense of い adjectives",1769136987824,"i-adjectives-past-negative","[JLPT N5] Negating -i Adjectives in the Past Tense | Japanese Grammar","The negative form of い adjectives ends in くない. The negative past tense form is くなかった. For example: 高い (expensive) → 高くない (not expensive) → 高くなかった (was not expensive).",[1085],[],[23,17,408],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The negative past tense of い adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Describe how something was not\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Just like with other words, the past-negative form of い-adjectives follows the same pattern, it's built from the negative form.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To form the negative, all you need to do is remove the い and add くない. It's that simple!\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"おいしい[,おいしい]　→　おいし　→　おいし[,おいしい]く ない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Delicious → Delicious → Not delicious\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"That's our recap done. Now let's remove the い and add かった.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"おいし[,おいしい]く ない　→　おいし[,おいしい]く なかった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Not delicious → Was not delicious\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It's as easy as it gets. If only everything in life were this simple.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The past negative of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いい[,良い*いい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"good\"\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よく[,良い*いい]なかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう] の パーティー は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">楽[たの,たのしい]しく な[,無い*ない]かった\u003C\u002Fstrong> から、途中[とちゅう] で 帰[かえ,かえる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yesterday's party wasn't fun, so I left halfway through.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.90-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"その 映画[えいが] は 思[おも,おもう]った より \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">怖[こわ,こわい]く な[,無い*ない]かった\u003C\u002Fstrong> けど、ストーリー は 面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]かった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The movie wasn't as scary as I expected, but the story was interesting.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.90-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう] の 山道[やまみち] は 思[おも,おもう]った ほど \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">険[けわ,けわしい]しく な[,無い*ない]かった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yesterday’s mountain path wasn’t as steep as I thought.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.90-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-Stem + くなかった\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"おいし[,おいしい]く なかった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1766],{"id":1085,"title":1740,"mod":1741,"grammarPoint":1742,"grammarPointTitle":1743,"grammarPointDescription":1744,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1745,"similarGrammarPoints":1746,"tags":1767,"content":1748,"dependentGrammarPoints":1749,"language":22},[27,21,412],{"id":1086,"title":1769,"mod":1770,"grammarPoint":1771,"grammarPointTitle":1772,"grammarPointDescription":1773,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1774,"similarGrammarPoints":1775,"tags":1776,"content":1777,"dependentGrammarPoints":1778,"language":22,"similarPoints":1779,"prereqPoints":1780},"The past tense of な adjectives",1769136987826,"na-adjectives-past","[JLPT N5] -Na Adjectives Past Tense | Japanese Grammar","な adjectives end in な. To make the past tense form of a な adjective, simply replace な with だった: きれいな (is pretty) → きれいだった (was pretty).",[80],[],[23,17,408],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The past tense of な adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Describe how something was\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The past tense of な-adjectives is super easy to form, just combine the adjective with だった. No special changes needed.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"きれい[,綺麗*きれい] だった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Was beautiful\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can use it as you normally do, by \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"placing it in front of a noun you want to describe\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"at the end of a sentence\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] の 笑顔[えがお] は 天使[てんし] の よう に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">綺麗[きれい] だった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Her smile was as beautiful as an angel’s.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.91-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">親切[しんせつ] だった\u003C\u002Fstrong> キャッシャー の 笑顔[えがお] が、今[いま] で も 心[こころ] に 残[のこ,のこる]って いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The friendly cashier’s smile still remains in my heart.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.91-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"その スピーチ は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">感動的[かんどうてき] だった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That speech was moving.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.91-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + だった + Noun\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"親切[しんせつ] だった キャッシャー\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[416],{"id":1782,"title":1783,"mod":1784,"grammarPoint":1785,"grammarPointTitle":1786,"grammarPointDescription":1787,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1788,"similarGrammarPoints":1789,"tags":1790,"content":1791,"dependentGrammarPoints":1792,"language":22,"similarPoints":1793,"prereqPoints":1794},20463397960034,"な-Adjectives Past-Negative",1769136987827,"na-adjectives-past-negative","[JLPT N5] Negating -Na Adjectives in the Past Tense | Japanese Grammar","To make the negative form of な adjectives, replace な with じゃない. To make the negative past tense, replace じゃない with じゃなかった. For example, きれいじゃなかった means \"was not pretty\".",[1086],[],[23,17,408],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"な-Adjectives Past-Negative\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Describe how something was not\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To create the past negative form of な-adjectives, it's just a matter of adding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃなかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Simply attach it to your chosen な-adjective and you're done forming the past negative.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"きれい じゃなかった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"was not pretty\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Just as with the simple negative form, you can \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"use the past negative form in front of nouns\"\n }), \" or you can use it \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"at the end of a sentence\"\n }), \", to express negative statements in the past tense.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あの 図書館[としょかん] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">静[しず]か じゃ な[,無い*ない]かった\u003C\u002Fstrong> から、全然[ぜんぜん] 集中[しゅうちゅう] でき[,出来る*できる]なかった。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That library wasn’t quiet, so I couldn’t focus at all.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.92-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] の 説明[せつめい] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">簡単[かんたん] じゃ な[,無い*ない]かった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"His explanation wasn’t simpl.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.92-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 私[わたし] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">好[す]き じゃ な[,無い*ない]かった\u003C\u002Fstrong> ドレス を 買[か,かう]って き[,来る*くる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He bought the dress I didn’t like.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.92-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + じゃなかった + Noun\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"親切[しんせつ] じゃなかった キャッシャー\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1795],{"id":1086,"title":1769,"mod":1770,"grammarPoint":1771,"grammarPointTitle":1772,"grammarPointDescription":1773,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1774,"similarGrammarPoints":1775,"tags":1796,"content":1777,"dependentGrammarPoints":1778,"language":22},[27,21,412],{"id":1798,"title":1799,"mod":1784,"grammarPoint":1800,"grammarPointTitle":1801,"grammarPointDescription":1802,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1803,"similarGrammarPoints":1804,"tags":1805,"content":1806,"dependentGrammarPoints":1807,"language":22,"similarPoints":1808,"prereqPoints":1809},20463397960035,"Introduction to relative clauses","relative-clauses","[JLPT N5] | Japanese Relative Clauses | Japanese Grammar","A relative clause is basically a phrase that describes a noun: the article *that I wrote*. In Japanese, relative clauses precede the noun they modify. Click to see how!",[],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Introduction to relative clauses\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Provide a more precise description of a noun\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For those not so well-versed in linguistics, let's use an example to demonstrate what a relative clause is. The purpose of a relative clause is to provide more information about a noun. Consider the following sentence:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Tom ate this steak.\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This sentence does not contain a relative clause, but we can rephrase it to include one:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"This is the steak that Tom ate.\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this sentence, \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that Tom ate\"\n }), \" is the relative clause.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Similarly, this can be achieved in Japanese, although the word order is different. Let's look at the following example.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"吉田[!よしだ] さん が とても おいしい[,美味しい*おいしい] 料理[りょうり] を 作[つく,つくる]る 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yoshida-san is making very delicious food.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.93-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's restructure this sentence a bit.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">吉田[!よしだ] さん が 作[つく,つくる]る\u003C\u002Fstrong> 料理[りょうり] は とても おいしい[,美味しい*おいしい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The food (that) Mr. Yoshida makes is very delicious.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.93-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"There are multiple ways to reorganize sentences into relative clauses. Here's another version of the above sentence.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">とても おいしい[,美味しい*おいしい] 料理[りょうり] を 作[つく,つくる]る\u003C\u002Fstrong> 吉田[!よしだ] さん 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yoshida-san who makes very delicious food.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.93-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another thing worth mentioning is that in relative clauses, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is sometimes replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Both versions of the following sentence are pretty much interchangeable.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"色[いろ] が ない 世界[せかい]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"a colorless world\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.93-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"色[いろ] の ない 世界[せかい]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"a colorless world\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.93-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To summarize this lesson, there are three key points:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The relative clause comes before the noun it provides information about.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The topic marker \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is not used in relative clauses.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In relative clauses \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":1811,"title":1812,"mod":1813,"grammarPoint":1814,"grammarPointTitle":1815,"grammarPointDescription":1816,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1817,"similarGrammarPoints":1818,"tags":1819,"content":1820,"dependentGrammarPoints":1821,"language":22,"similarPoints":1822,"prereqPoints":1823},20463397960036,"「時」Describe a time with “when\"",1769067977887,"toki-describe-time-when","[JLPT N4] 「とき」(toki) | \"When\" in Japanese | Japanese Grammar","The Japanese word for \"when\" is いつ... but if you want to say when (you do something\u002Fsomething happens), you actually use とき. Here's how that works!",[753,754,755],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「時」Describe a time with “when\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"When, at the time when\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Buckle up for this lesson, as it's going to be a doozy!\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here, it is important to note that you should try not to get too hung up on the exact translations of some of the example sentences provided. Sentences with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"時[とき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and different tenses are a pain to translate and often lose the exact meaning and nuance of the Japanese sentence. Take the translation as a hint, but try to understand it through the explanations!\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In general, the expression \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> 時[とき] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"at the time when \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"when \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \". However, the meaning can change slightly depending on the tense of \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"絶対テンス and 相対テンス\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To really understand this grammar point, we need to talk about a few small things first. I will try to keep it as short as possible to avoid confusing you.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"We need to discuss something crucial: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">絶対[ぜったい] テンス\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">absolute tense\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">相対[そうたい] テンス\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">relative tense\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Tense indicates when an action takes place in time: in the past, the present, or the future.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"... but the past, present, or future relative to \", _jsx(\"ins\", {\n class: \"emphasis-underline-1\",\n children: \"what\"\n }), \"?\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Absolute tense\"\n }), \" refers to a verb tense that is anchored directly to \\\"now\\\" – the moment of speaking – without depending on another reference point in time.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"Relative tense\"\n }), \", on the other hand, shows when something happened in relation to another time (not necessarily now).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In relation to the grammar point of this lesson, it means the following:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> 時[とき] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Our main clause \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" is in the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"absolute tense\"\n }), \". This means that whether it is in the present tense or past tense determines whether the whole sentence will happen from now on or already happened some time before \\\"now.\\\"\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Our subordinate clause \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is in the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"relative tense\"\n }), \". Its timing is relative to the time when \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" happened. In simple terms, that means if \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is in the present tense, what \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" describes will happen at the same time or after \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \". If \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is in the past tense, the action it describes has finished before \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's look at an example:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Imagine you are at home in Japan and you are talking to a friend about your plans to travel to France. You also plan to buy a hat.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"フランス へ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">行[い,いく]く\u003C\u002Fstrong> とき、帽子[ぼうし] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">買[か,かう]う\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When I go to France, I (will) buy a hat.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As フランスへ行く is in the present tense, this action happens simultaneously with or after the main clause \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帽子[ぼうし] を 買[か,かう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So, first you \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"will buy a hat\"\n }), \", then you \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"will go to France\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"With our context from above, this sentence implies that you will buy a hat in Japan before departing for France.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"フランス へ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">行[い,いく]った\u003C\u002Fstrong> とき、帽子[ぼうし] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">買[か,かう]う\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When I go to France, I buy a hat (after arriving).\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This sounds a bit off in English, but as フランスへ行った is in the past tense, this action happens before our main clause.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So, you \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"will buy a hat\"\n }), \" after you've \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"arrived in France\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Opposite to before, this sentence implies that you will go to France and buy a hat after arriving there.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To avoid confusing you more than necessary, we don't need to compare these sentences with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in its past tense. Why is that? Simple. Because it wouldn't change the order of events, only tell us whether the described order of events will happen from now on or already happened in the past.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here is what you need to remember:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsxs(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: [\"When a subordinate clause is in the dictionary form (present tense), its action occurs simultaneously with or after the main clause's action.\", _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"When the subordinate clause is in the past tense, its action happens before the main clause's action.\", _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"This is irrespective of the tense of the main clause!\"]\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Just to ease your mind a bit, these examples are kind of the worst-case scenario when it comes to sentences with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"時[とき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". 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時[とき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] の 時[とき] 、父[ちち] の こと が 嫌[きら]い だった こと が ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(There was a time, I) disliked my father when I was a child.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F0454.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] だった 時[とき] 、学校[がっこう] で 背[せ] が 一番[いちばん] 高[たか,たかい]かった 事[こと] が ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When I was a kid, (there was a time, I) was the tallest kid in school.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F0455.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"子供[こども] の 時[とき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"子供[こども] だった 時[とき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can both be translated to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"when I was a child\u002Fkid\"\n }), \" in English. While there are many cases where \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だった 時[とき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の 時[とき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are interchangeable, there are also some important differences.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だった 時[とき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" cannot be followed by a generic statement.\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This sentence is a generic statement about recommended recipes for when you have a cold. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だった 時[とき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" refers more to one-off events, so writing the same sentence with it does not make much sense.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"風邪[かぜ] の 時[とき] に おすすめ の レシピ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"recommended recipes for when you have a cold\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だった 時[とき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" cannot be used for repeating events.\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The same limitation as above applies to repeating events. As already mentioned, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だった 時[とき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" refers more to one-off events, so when a sentence refers to something that is\u002Fwas repeating, using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の 時[とき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the correct choice.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"風邪[かぜ] の 時[とき] に よく[,良い*いい] 作[つく,つくる]った レシピ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"recipes I often made when I had a cold\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"風邪[かぜ] だった 時[とき] に よく[,良い*いい] 作[つく,つくる]った レシピ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"recipes I often made when I had a cold\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1824,1826,1828],{"id":753,"title":1661,"mod":1662,"grammarPoint":1663,"grammarPointTitle":1664,"grammarPointDescription":1665,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1666,"similarGrammarPoints":1667,"tags":1825,"content":1669,"dependentGrammarPoints":1670,"language":22},[27,21,472],{"id":754,"title":1674,"mod":1675,"grammarPoint":1676,"grammarPointTitle":1677,"grammarPointDescription":1678,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1679,"similarGrammarPoints":1680,"tags":1827,"content":1682,"dependentGrammarPoints":1683,"language":22},[27,21,472],{"id":755,"title":1687,"mod":1688,"grammarPoint":1689,"grammarPointTitle":1690,"grammarPointDescription":1691,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1692,"similarGrammarPoints":1693,"tags":1829,"content":1695,"dependentGrammarPoints":1696,"language":22},[27,21,472],{"id":1831,"title":1832,"mod":1833,"grammarPoint":1834,"grammarPointTitle":1835,"grammarPointDescription":1836,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1837,"similarGrammarPoints":1838,"tags":1839,"content":1840,"dependentGrammarPoints":1841,"language":22,"similarPoints":1842,"prereqPoints":1843},20463397960037,"「になる」Become something",1753930726425,"ninaru-become-something","[JLPT N5] 「なる」(naru) | \"Become\" in Japanese | Japanese Vocabulary","To say that one thing becomes another thing in Japanese, attach になる to a noun. For example: 先生になる means \"become a teacher\". ",[577],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「になる」Become something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"To become X\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is one of the most commonly used verbs that indicates changes or transformations. One of its fundamental usages is in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> に なる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to become \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To use it, simply attach it to a noun.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] に なる[,成る*なる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"become a teacher\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ここ は 前[まえ]、古[ふる,ふるい]い レストラン だった けど 去年[きょねん] 綺麗[きれい] な カフェ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に なっ[,成る*なる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This place used to be an old restaurant, but last year it became a pretty café.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.95-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"僕[ぼく] は 将来[しょうらい]、誰[だれ] か を 助[たす,たすける]ける 医者[いしゃ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に なる[,成る*なる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will become a doctor who helps others someday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.95-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 建物[たてもの] は 昔[むかし]、病院[びょういん] だった けど 去年[きょねん] ホテル \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に なっ[,成る*なる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This building used to be a hospital long ago, but last year it became a hotel.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.95-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + になる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] に なる[,成る*なる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[709],{"id":1845,"title":1846,"mod":1847,"grammarPoint":1848,"grammarPointTitle":1849,"grammarPointDescription":1850,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1851,"similarGrammarPoints":1852,"tags":1853,"content":1854,"dependentGrammarPoints":1855,"language":22,"similarPoints":1856,"prereqPoints":1857},20463397960038,"「こと」(2) \" An (adjective) thing\"",1769136987828,"koto-2-express-thing","[JLPT N4]「事」(koto) | Refer to Abstract Things | Japanese Vocabulary","こと is a Japanese word that often translates to \"thing\" or \"something\". Importantly, it refers to abstract things, not tangible things. Click for more detail.",[],[],[1034,17,1522],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「こと」(2) \\\" An (adjective) thing\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Besides other functions, こと has the ability to funtion as \\\"thing.\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"悪[わる,わるい]い こと[,事*こと]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"a bad thing\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"However, this \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"thing\"\n }), \" function of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" should not be confused with the English usage of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"thing\"\n }), \", as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" refers to something abstract.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう] の 会議[かいぎ] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">事[こと]\u003C\u002Fstrong> を まだ 考[かんが,かんがえる]えて いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm still thinking about what happened in yesterday's meeting.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.96-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"最近[さいきん]、仕事[しごと] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">事[こと]\u003C\u002Fstrong> で ずっと 悩[なや,なやむ]んで いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Lately, I’ve been troubled about work-related matters.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.96-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"朝[あさ] の ニュース で 怖[こわ,こわい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">事[こと]\u003C\u002Fstrong> を 聞[き,きく]いた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I heard something scary on the morning news.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.96-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"物[!もの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" also means thing. But in comparison to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"a tangible thing\"\n }), \". Compare the following:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"赤[あか,あかい]い もの[,物*もの] 見[み,みる]た か？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Did you see the red thing?\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]い こと[,事*こと] を する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I will) do something interesting. \u003Cbr> (Literally: interesting thing)\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The first example talks about a tangible object, so \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もの\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has to be used. The second sentence talks about an intangible thing, so only \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":1859,"title":1860,"mod":1861,"grammarPoint":1862,"grammarPointTitle":1863,"grammarPointDescription":1864,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1865,"similarGrammarPoints":1866,"tags":1867,"content":1868,"dependentGrammarPoints":1869,"language":22,"similarPoints":1870,"prereqPoints":1871},20463397960039,"「ことがある」(2) Reminisce about the past",1753934603436,"kotogaaru-2-reminisce-about-past","[JLPT N5] 「ことがある」 (kotogaaru) | Have Done Something Before | Japanese Grammar","The structure ~ことがある attaches to verbs and verbal phrases. It communicates that someone has an experience or has done something before. Click for examples!",[128,466,1269],[],[23,17,1522],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ことがある」(2) Reminisce about the past\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"There was a time when, have done before\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> こと[,事*こと] が ある\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to reminisce about the past. Used like this it can express a meaning along the lines of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I have done \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> before\"\n }), \". \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is always in the past tense.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと] が ある\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to express that someone has done something or has had \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"the experience of doing something in the past\"\n }), \". Given that it refers to a past event, the clause before \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと] が ある\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" must be in the past tense.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"兄[あに] は 高校[こうこう] 時代[じだい]、アメリカ に 留学[りゅうがく] し[,為る*する]た \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My older brother studied abroad in America during high school.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.97-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 子供[こども] の 頃[ころ] 、ピアノ を 習[なら,ならう]った \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I took piano lessons when I was a child.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.97-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This structure can also be negated to indicate that someone does not have the experience of doing something. To do this, you just use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない[,ない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 田中[!たなか] 先生[せんせい] に 会[あ,あう]った \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] が ない[,無い*ない]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’ve never met Professor Tanaka.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.97-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"その 会社[かいしゃ] で 働[はたら,はたらく]いた \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] が ない[,無い*ない]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’ve never worked at that company.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.97-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Past + ことがある\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"買[か,かう]った こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-Past + ことがある\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"軽[かる,かるい]かった こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + だったことがある\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"騒然[そうぜん] だった こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + だったことがある\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] だった こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Sentenceことがある\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"迷子[まいご] に なっ[,成る*なる]た こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[174,487,1531],{"id":1873,"title":1874,"mod":1875,"grammarPoint":1876,"grammarPointTitle":1877,"grammarPointDescription":1878,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1879,"similarGrammarPoints":1881,"tags":1882,"content":1883,"dependentGrammarPoints":1884,"language":22,"similarPoints":1885,"prereqPoints":1886},20463397960040,"「ことになる」Express an involuntary event",1755048238840,"kotoninaru-express-involuntary-event","[JLPT N3] 「ことになる」(kotoninaru) | \"Has Been Decided That...\" | Japanese Grammar","The structure ことになる communicates that something which happened was outside of your control. It is often translated as \"came to be\" or even simply as \"happen\".",[1269,1831,1880],20463397960081,[],[1054,17,1522],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ことになる」Express an involuntary event\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Come about, turn out that\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are many constructions in Japanese that involve using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in some way. This construction using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" conveys that a certain decision or arrangement has been made by an unspecified person or simply that something has happened.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"By combining \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"become\"\n }), \", you get the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"become thing X\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it turns out that\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"みんな の 前[まえ] で 発表[はっぴょう] する[,為る*する] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] に なっ[,成る*なる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was put in the position to give a presentation in front of everyone.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.98-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"健康[けんこう] の ため に、来月[らいげつ] から 禁煙[きんえん] する \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] に なっ[,成る*なる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"For my health, it has been decided that I will quit smoking starting next month.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.98-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is in its continuous form, it indicates that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"a decision that was made in the past is still in effect now\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"教室[きょうしつ] で は 日本語[にほんご] だけ を 使[つか,つかう]う \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] に なっ[,成る*なる]て いる[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We’re supposed to use only Japanese in the classroom.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.98-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ゴミ は 毎朝[まいあさ] 8時[はちじ,時*じ] まで に 出[だ,だす]す \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] に なっ[,成る*なる]て いる[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Trash must be taken out by 8 a.m. every morning.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.98-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 会社[かいしゃ] で は 土曜日[どようび] は 休[やす,やすむ]む \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] に なっ[,成る*なる]て いる[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This company has Saturdays off as part of its policy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.98-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In addition to a decision or arrangement made by someone, this same construction can also be used to sound more formal, as it is more indirect than stating that you made the decision to do something.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ことになる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる こと[,事*こと] に なる[,成る*なる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1531,1887,1889],{"id":1831,"title":1832,"mod":1833,"grammarPoint":1834,"grammarPointTitle":1835,"grammarPointDescription":1836,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1837,"similarGrammarPoints":1838,"tags":1888,"content":1840,"dependentGrammarPoints":1841,"language":22},[27,21],{"id":1880,"title":1890,"mod":1891,"grammarPoint":1892,"grammarPointTitle":1893,"grammarPointDescription":1894,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1895,"similarGrammarPoints":1896,"tags":1897,"content":1899,"dependentGrammarPoints":1900,"language":22},"「ている」(1) Express a continuous state or action",1769068797673,"teiru-1-expressing-continuous-state-action","[JLPT N5] 「ている」 (teiru) | Express a Continuous State or Action | Japanese Grammar","ている is just the て-form of a verb followed by いる. When you put them together, the structure expresses either an ongoing action or a current state, depending on the verb you use.",[756,757,758],[],[27,21,1898],"japanese-te-form-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ている」(1) Express a continuous state or action\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"~ing\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's discuss a very important grammar point that is almost as important as the て-form itself, and that is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Initially, it may be tempting to think of a verb with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て いる[,いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as the same thing as the English progressive form with ~ing. While this is sometimes equivalent, it is far from always the case. To better understand this form, we need to be able to differentiate between \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"non-stative\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"stative\"\n }), \" verbs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In both cases, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses the continuation of a verb. With \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"stative\"\n }), \" verbs, it indicates the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"persistence of the result of a change\"\n }), \". With \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"non-stative\"\n }), \" or action verbs, it expresses the ongoing \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"continuation of the action\"\n }), \" itself.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"non-stative\"\n }), \" verbs that express a repeatable action, the meaning is similar to the English ~ing.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる　→　食[た,たべる]べて いる[,居る*いる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Eat → Eating\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友達[ともだち] が 私[わたし] の 本[ほん] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">読[よ,よむ]んで いる[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。私[わたし] は 少[すこ]し 不安[ふあん] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">な[,成る*なる]って いる[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My friend is reading my book. I’m feeling a little uneasy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.140-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"妹[いもうと] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">泣[な,なく]いて いる[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。理由[りゆう] は わ[,分かる*わかる]からない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My little sister is crying. I don’t know the reason.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.140-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"かわいい 猫[ねこ] が 私[わたし] の 膝[ひざ] の 上[うえ] で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">寝[ね,ねる]て いる[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A cute cat is sleeping on my lap.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.140-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"stative\"\n }), \" verbs, such as death, marriage, knowing, or other non-repeatable actions, the usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て いる[,いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" implies that something maintains a state created by this event.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"死[し,しぬ]ぬ　→　死[し,しぬ]んで いる[,居る*いる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To die → is dead\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"結婚[けっこん] する[,為る*する]　→　結婚[けっこん] し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To marry → is married\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"知[し,しる]る　→　知[し,しる]って いる[,居る*いる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To learn (of) → To know\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 結婚[けっこん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> から、独身[どくしん] で は ない[,ない] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He is married, so he is not single.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.140-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は その 映画[えいが] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">知[し,しる]って いる[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。子[こ]ども の ころ[,頃*ころ] に 見[み,みる]た こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I know that movie. I saw it when I was a child.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.140-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Additionally, it can be used to express a habit that one has.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"父[ちち] は 今[いま] 、出張[しゅっちょう] で 東京[とうきょう] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">行[い,いく]って いる[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My father is currently on a business trip in Tokyo.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.140-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is important to note that verbs of movement, when put into \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" form, do not necessarily mean that someone is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"going\"\n }), \". For instance, with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go\"\n }), \" as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]って いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it expresses that someone went somewhere and is still there.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今[いま] 課長[かちょう] は イギリス に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">行[い,いく]って いる[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> らしい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) heard that the section chief is now in England.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F0653.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One thing to note here is that, even though we called this distinction \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"stative\"\n }), \" versus \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"non-stative\"\n }), \" verbs, this isn’t 100% accurate when going by how Japanese actually defines these verbs. For example, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]ぬ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"not\"\n }), \" a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"stative\"\n }), \" verb, but a momentary verb—or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"瞬間動詞[!しゅんかんどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in Japanese. However, for our learning purposes, thinking of the distinction as one between \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"stative\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"non-stative\"\n }), \" is more than enough.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you’re curious and want to know how verbs are actually classified in Japanese, you can read the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"advanced section\"\n }), \" of this lesson. \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"But this is by no means necessary\"\n }), \"—you can absolutely become fluent without ever learning about this, and you’ll be able to use these verbs correctly and intuitively even if you don’t know how they’re classified!\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: 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While you’ll naturally start picking up these nuances through exposure, even if you can't explain them, it can still be fun and helpful to have these nuances spelled out for you. So, let’s get cracking.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Japanese verbs can be categorized into four types:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"状態動詞[!じょうたいどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" – \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"stative verbs\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"継続動詞[!けいぞくどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" – \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"continuous action verbs\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"瞬間動詞[!しゅんかんどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" – \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"momentary verbs\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"第四種[!だいよんしゅ] の 動詞[!どうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" – \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"the fourth type: descriptive verbs\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The group a verb belongs to affects how it's used with the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" form—whether it's rarely, sometimes, or always used that way.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"But that's not all. You might know that dictionary-form verbs in Japanese can express either a present or future action. Well, that’s \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"mostly\"\n }), \" true—but not entirely. This rule doesn’t apply equally to all verbs, and understanding why becomes much easier once you’re familiar with these four verb types.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"So, let’s take a look at them one by one:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"■\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Stative Verbs\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"状態動詞[!じょうたいどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \")\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"These verbs express a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"state or condition\"\n }), \" that simply exists. They \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"do not\"\n }), \" typically take the form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", because their meaning already implies a continuing state without needing an extra grammatical marker.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Example\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Example て-Form\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to exist (inanimate)\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to exist (animate)\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"できる[,出来る*できる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be able to (potential form)\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[よう] する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to require\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"■\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Continuous Action Verbs\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"継続動詞[!けいぞくどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \")\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"These verbs describe \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"actions or processes that occur over a span of time\"\n }), \". They \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"can\"\n }), \" take the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" form, which is used to indicate that the action is \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"currently in progress\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Example\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Example て-Form\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n 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align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"笑[わら,わらう]って いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"laughing\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"散[ち,ちる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to fall (as in petals or leaves)\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"散[ち,ちる]って いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"are falling\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"降[ふ,ふる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to fall (rain, snow, etc.)\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"降[ふ,ふる]って いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"is falling\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"咲[さ,さく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to bloom\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"咲[さ,さく]いて いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"is blooming\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"■\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Momentary Verbs\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"瞬間動詞[!しゅんかんどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \")\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"These describe \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"actions that occur in an instant\"\n }), \", with no duration. When used in the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" form, the focus is not on the action itself but on the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"result that remains\"\n }), \" after the action has occurred.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Example\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Example て-Form\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]ぬ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to die\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]んで いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"is dead\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"点[つ,つく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be turn on (a light)\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"点[つ,つく]いて いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"(a light) is on\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"消[き,きえる]える\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go out\u002Fdisappear\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"消[き,きえる]えて いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"is extinguished\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"So why are these called \\\"momentary verbs?\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]ぬ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is called a momentary verb because there is a specific single moment in which you go from alive to dead. This change leads to you being in a dead state. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]んで いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means that you died, you changed from being alive to dead, and now that changed state (dead) is persisting.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"点[つ,つく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is another example of a momentary verb. You flip a light switch, and light instantly comes on. As a result, the room changes from dark to light in an instant. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"（電気[でんき] が）点[つ,つく]いて いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" communicates that the result of this change is persisting: the lights were turned on, and they remain on.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"■\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Fourth Type: Descriptive Verbs\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"第四種[!だいよんしゅ] の 動詞[!どうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \")\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"These are verbs that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"don't express time\"\n }), \" in the usual way. Instead, they describe \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"qualities, appearances, or conditions\"\n }), \", similar to adjectives. They are \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"always\"\n }), \" used in the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" form, and this form functions more like a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"descriptive state\"\n }), \" than an action.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Example\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Example て-Form\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"聳[そび,そびえる]える\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to tower (high above)\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"聳[そび,そびえる]えて いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"is towering\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"優[すぐ,すぐれる]れる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to excel\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"優[すぐ,すぐれる]れて いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"is excelling\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"似[に,にる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to resemble\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"似[に,にる]て いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"is resembling\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"■\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Verbs don't always express a present action\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let’s come back to what I mentioned initially: that verbs don’t always express present actions, even though we mentioned that this is the case in our introductory lesson to Japanese verbs.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Maybe, after reading over these four groups, you might have intuited that it might have something to do with which group the verb belongs to—and you’d be right.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Generally speaking, verbs that express an action or change (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"継続動詞[けいぞくどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"瞬間動詞[しゅんかんどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") tend to not express a present action in their dictionary form\u002Fpresent tense form, while verbs that are stative (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"状態動詞[じょうたいどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") can. The same applies to nouns and adjectives; these can also express a present or future “action.”\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Word Type\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Present Tense\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Present Action\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Future Action\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 3,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Verb\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"X\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"◯\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]ぬ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"X\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"◯\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"◯\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"△\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 2,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Adjective\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かわいい[,かわいい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"◯\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"△\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"静[しず]か だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"◯\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"△\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Noun\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"先生[せんせい] だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"◯\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"△\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"That this is the case can easily be seen in the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". When you are describing a scene that you are currently witnessing, that someone is eating in front of you, you would never use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but instead \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べて いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] たち が 今[いま] 食[た,たべる]べて いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The children are eating right now.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"While when you describe that something is existing right here in front of you, you would simply use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"目[め] の 前[まえ] に 車[くるま] が ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There is a car in front of me.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The △ in the table above simply shows that a static situation, which continues for a certain period of time, will also continue as is in the near future.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, this applies to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"状態動詞[じょうたいどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", as well as adjectives and nouns.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you want to learn more about this, I recommend the book: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"日本人[にほんじん] の ため の 日本語[にほんご] 文法[ぶんぽう] 入門[にゅうもん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":1902,"title":1903,"mod":1847,"grammarPoint":1904,"grammarPointTitle":1905,"grammarPointDescription":1906,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1907,"similarGrammarPoints":1908,"tags":1909,"content":1910,"dependentGrammarPoints":1911,"language":22,"similarPoints":1912,"prereqPoints":1915},20463397960041,"「ことにする」Decide to do something","kotonisuru-decide-do-something","[JLPT N3] 「ことにする」(kotonisuru) | \"Decide To X\" | Japanese Grammar","The structure nounにする means \"to choose (noun)\". The addition of こと lets you use this structure with verbs: 食べることにした means \"decided to eat\".",[1269,1499],[1873],[1054,17,1522],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ことにする」Decide to do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Expressing decisions can vary depending on who is making the choice. One useful construction for indicating that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"you\"\n }), \" have made a decision is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> こと[,事*こと] に する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This construct allows you to express intentional choices, not just about things, but about actions as well.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ご飯[ごはん] を 食[た,たべる]べる こと[,事*こと] に する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) decided to eat a meal\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As in this example, rather than simply choosing an item, you can use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> こと[,事*こと] に する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to say you've decided \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"to do something\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This structure is a powerful tool for describing your plans, resolutions, and deliberate decisions.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The base usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと] に する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" involves \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"combining it with a verb in its dictionary form\"\n }), \". The tense of the sentence is determined by the tense of the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"健康[けんこう] の ため に、毎朝[まいあさ] 走[はし,はしる]る \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] に し[,為る*する]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"For my health, I decided to run every morning.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.99-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 早[はや,はやい]く 寝[ね,ねる]る \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] に する[,為る*する]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’ll decide to go to bed early today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.99-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When using this construct with negative verbs or when trying to negate something, you have multiple options.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you change \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (e.g. in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる こと[,事*こと] に する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") into its negative form (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べない こと[,事*こと] に する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"), the nuance is:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You decided to do something, namely \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"not doing \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \". That is, your decision is to carry out an act of not doing.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べない こと[,事*こと] に する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) decided not to eat.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"健康[けんこう] の ため に、お酒[おさけ] を 飲[の,のむ]まない \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] に し[,為る*する]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I decided not to drink alcohol for my health.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.99-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] と は もう 連絡[れんらく] を 取[と,とる]らない \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] に し[,為る*する]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I decided decide not to contact him anymore.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.99-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"However, if instead you negate \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (e.g. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる こと[,事*こと] に し[,為る*する]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"), the surface grammar looks the same, but the logical focus is:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You decided not to do \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \". This emphasizes a conscious decision not to engage in the action described by \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This is often used when not doing something is itself intentional and considered an act.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"もう 遅[おそ,おそい]い から、コンビニ に 行[い,いく]く \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] に し[,為る*する]ない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's already late, so I won’t go to the convenience store.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.99-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 頑張[がんば,がんばる]った から、それ を な[,ない]かった \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] に し[,為る*する]ない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He worked hard, so I won’t pretend it didn’t happen.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.99-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There's also a small variation of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと] に する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" that involves using the progressive form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This shows that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"the decision still has an effect or is a rule\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"スマホ は 寝[ね,ねる]る 前[まえ] に 見[み,みる]ない \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] に し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I make a habit of not looking at my phone before bed.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.99-7-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"人[ひと] の 悪口[わるぐち] は 絶対[ぜったい] に 言[い,いう]わない \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こと[,事*こと] に し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’ve decided never to speak badly of others.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.99-8-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The difference between this structure and simply using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is that here, the target is the thing represented by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こと[,事*こと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This allows for a broader range of usage than just \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" alone.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ことにする\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる こと[,事*こと] に する\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[1913],{"id":1873,"title":1874,"mod":1875,"grammarPoint":1876,"grammarPointTitle":1877,"grammarPointDescription":1878,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1879,"similarGrammarPoints":1881,"tags":1914,"content":1883,"dependentGrammarPoints":1884,"language":22},[83,21,1526],[1531,1916],{"id":1499,"title":1500,"mod":1501,"grammarPoint":1502,"grammarPointTitle":1503,"grammarPointDescription":1504,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1505,"similarGrammarPoints":1506,"tags":1917,"content":1508,"dependentGrammarPoints":1509,"language":22},[27,21,591],{"id":1919,"title":1920,"mod":1921,"grammarPoint":1922,"grammarPointTitle":1923,"grammarPointDescription":1924,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1925,"similarGrammarPoints":1926,"tags":1927,"content":1928,"dependentGrammarPoints":1929,"language":22,"similarPoints":1930,"prereqPoints":1931},20463397960042,"「もう」Indicate a change in state",1769068091705,"mou-express-change-state","[JLPT N5] 「もう」 (mou) | \"Already\" or \"No Longer\" | Japanese Grammar","もう communicates that somebody\u002Fsomething is not as it previously was. In positive sentences, it tranlsates to \"already\". In negative sentences, it translates to \"(not) any more\".",[739,740,741,753,754,755],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「もう」Indicate a change in state\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Already, anymore\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses the idea that someone or something is not in the same state as before. It corresponds to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"already\"\n }), \" in affirmative sentences, and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"(not) any more\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"(not) any longer\"\n }), \" in negative sentences.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"プレゼン、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">もう\u003C\u002Fstrong> 終[お,おわる]わった よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The presentation is already over.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.100-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 店 に は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">もう\u003C\u002Fstrong> 来[こ,くる]ない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I won't come to this store anymore.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.100-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 道[みち] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">もう\u003C\u002Fstrong> 花屋[はなや] は ない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There's no flower shop on this street anymore.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.100-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This sentence expresses that there used to be a florist on this street, and that there isn't one anymore.\\nIn comparison, without \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the same sentence would simply express that there is no florist on this street.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 道[みち] に 花屋[はなや] は ない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There is no florist on this street.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.100-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The opposite of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まだ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which will be discussed later.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here is one example of each of the most common verb tenses you will find being used with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \": the simple negative, the simple present, and the past tense.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"もう 酒[さけ] を 飲[の,のむ]まない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I will) not drink alcohol anymore\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"もう 寝[ね,ねる]る\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I will) already sleep\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"もう 食[た,たべる]べた\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) already ate\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1347,1349,1351,1824,1826,1828],{"id":1933,"title":1934,"mod":1935,"grammarPoint":1936,"grammarPointTitle":1937,"grammarPointDescription":1938,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1939,"similarGrammarPoints":1940,"tags":1941,"content":1942,"dependentGrammarPoints":1943,"language":22,"similarPoints":1944,"prereqPoints":1945},20463397960043,"「代わりに」\"X instead of Y\"",1769068129171,"kawarini-something-place-something-else","[JLPT N3] 「代わりに」 (kawarini) | \"Instead of, In Place Of\" | Japanese Grammar","代わりに lets you communicate that one thing is or is done in place of another thing. It attaches directly to verbs and i adjectives, via の to nouns, and via な to na adjectives.",[191,399,80],[],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「代わりに」\\\"X instead of Y\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Instead of, in place of\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"something is done in exchange for something else\"\n }), \", or \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"an item is used in exchange for something else\"\n }), \", we can use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"代[か]わり に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to express this idea.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The structure is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> 代[か]わり に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", where \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" serves as a replacement for \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \". This form is used with verbs and い-adjectives.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"外食[がいしょく] する[,為る*する] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">代[か]わり に\u003C\u002Fstrong>、家[いえ] で 料理[りょうり] する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Instead of eating out, I cook at home.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.101-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この カバン は 安[やす,やすい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">代[か]わり に\u003C\u002Fstrong>、ポケット が ない[,ない] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This bag is cheap, but it doesn’t have any pockets.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.101-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When attached to nouns, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 代[か]わり に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" must be used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"父[ちち] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">代[か]わり に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 私[わたし] が 運転[うんてん] し[,為る*する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"In place of my father, I drove.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.101-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 母[はは] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">代[か]わり に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 私[わたし] が 料理[りょうり] を 作[つく,つくる]る よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Today, I’ll cook instead of my mom.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.101-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When attached to な-adjectives, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> な 代わり[かわり] に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" must be used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"仕事[しごと] は 大変[たいへん] な \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">代[か]わり に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 楽[たの,たのしい]しい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Work is fun, in exchange for being difficult.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.101-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"姉[あね] は 料理[りょうり] が 下手[へた] な \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">代[か]わり に\u003C\u002Fstrong>、掃除[そうじ] が 上手[じょうず] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My older sister is bad at cooking, but she's good at cleaning.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.101-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + 代わりに\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"仕事[しごと] する[,為る*する] 代[か]わり に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + 代わりに\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"安[やす,やすい]い 代[か]わり に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + な代わりに\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か な 代[か]わり に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + の代わりに\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"夏休み[なつやすみ] の 代[か]わり に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1946,454,416],{"id":191,"title":192,"mod":193,"grammarPoint":194,"grammarPointTitle":195,"grammarPointDescription":196,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":197,"similarGrammarPoints":198,"tags":1947,"content":205,"dependentGrammarPoints":206,"language":22},[27,21,141,204],{"id":1949,"title":1950,"mod":1951,"grammarPoint":1952,"grammarPointTitle":1953,"grammarPointDescription":1954,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1955,"similarGrammarPoints":1956,"tags":1957,"content":1958,"dependentGrammarPoints":1959,"language":22,"similarPoints":1960,"prereqPoints":1961},20463397960044,"「まま」Indicate that a state has not changed",1769068155504,"mama-something-stays-way-it-is","[JLPT N3] 「まま」 (mama) | \"As It Is\" or \"Unchanged\" | Japanese Grammar","The structure まま is used to communicate that something stays in the state it is without changing. For example, 昔のまま (mukashi no mama) means \"the same as it used to be\".",[191,399,80,753,754,755],[],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「まま」Indicate that a state has not changed\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Unchanged, as it is\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Have you ever forgotten to turn something off and left the house? Be honest! Well, now you'll learn how to express that in Japanese.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To say that something is still in a certain state after something else has happened, you can use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まま\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It works after verbs, adjectives, and even nouns.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まま\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a noun that can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"as is\"\n }), \". When attached to something as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> まま\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it expresses that the state \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" remains unchanged.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The most common way that you will likely come across is with the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"past form of a verb followed by\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まま\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ドア を 開[あ,あける]けた \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">まま\u003C\u002Fstrong> 寝[ね,ねる]て しま[,しまう]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I fell asleep with the door left open.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.102-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"But as already mentioned, it can be used after adjectives and nouns as well.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"冷[つめ,つめたい]たい \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">まま\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 飲み物[のみもの] を 飲[の,のむ]んで、お腹[おなか] を 壊[こわ,こわす]して しまった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I drank a cold drink as it was and got a stomachache..\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.102-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"気持[きも]ち を 正直[しょうじき] な \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">まま\u003C\u002Fstrong> 伝[つた,つたえる]える こと[,事*こと] が 大切[たいせつ] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It’s important to express your feelings honestly.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.102-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 部屋[へや] は 昔[むかし] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">まま\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 保存[ほぞん] され[,される]て いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This room has been preserved just as it was in the past.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.102-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If the verb in front of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まま\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is in the negative form, it must be in the non-past form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう] 、服[ふく] を 着[き,きる]ない \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">まま\u003C\u002Fstrong> 寝[ね,ねる]た 。裸[はだか] で 寝[ね,ねる]る つもり じゃなかった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I slept without wearing clothes yesterday. (I) didn't mean to sleep naked.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.102-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"While \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まま\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it’s often left out.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used, the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" adds extra emphasis to the verb that comes next.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Past + まま\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"つ[,つける]けた まま\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + まま\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"大[おお,おおきい]きい まま\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + なまま\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"不便[ふべん] な まま\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + のまま\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昔[むかし] の まま\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"State-That-PersistsままAction\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"服[ふく] を 着[き,きる]ない まま 寝[ね,ねる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1946,454,416,1824,1826,1828],{"id":1963,"title":1964,"mod":1965,"grammarPoint":1966,"grammarPointTitle":1967,"grammarPointDescription":1968,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1969,"similarGrammarPoints":1970,"tags":1971,"content":1972,"dependentGrammarPoints":1973,"language":22,"similarPoints":1974,"prereqPoints":1975},20463397960045,"「たって」”Even if\"",1769136987829,"tatte-even-if","[JLPT N2] 「たって」 (tatte) | \"Even If; Even Though; No Matter\" | Japanese Grammar","The structure AたってB can be translated in a variety of ways, but generally means that B is the case, despite A. Click for usage notes and example sentences.",[429,739,740,741,753,754,755],[],[1124,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「たって」”Even if\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The structure of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> たって \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in Japanese conveys the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"even if \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or simply \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"even \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In English you might say: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Even if the ticket is expensive, I'll buy it!\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たって\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to express a similar meaning in Japanese.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たって\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a more casual version of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The use of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たって\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with a verb works by simply attaching \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"って\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the past tense of a verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">頑張[がんば,がんばる]ったって\u003C\u002Fstrong>、結果 が すべて な ん でしょ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even if I tried hard, the only thing that matters is the result, right?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.103-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you want to use it with the negative form of a verb, just turn the verb into its negative form and replace \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくたって\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"話[はな,はなす]さなく \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">たって\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、気持[きも]ち は 伝[つた,つたわる]わる と 思[おも,おもう]う よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even if you don’t say anything, I think your feelings will get across.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.103-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For い-adjectives in the affirmative, just add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くたって\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the stem.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い　→　高[たか,たかい]くた って\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"even if tall\u002Fexpensive\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"どんな に 高[たか,たかい]く \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">たって\u003C\u002Fstrong>、必要[ひつよう] なら 買[か,かう]う しかない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even if it's super expensive, if it's necessary, I have no choice but to buy it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.103-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For the negative version, add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"く なくた って\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It might look confusing at first, but all you're really doing is making the い-adjective negative, then swapping out \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくたって\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い　→　高[たか,たかい]く ない[,ない]　→　高[たか,たかい]く な[,ない]くた って\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"even if not tall\u002Fexpensive\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"料理[りょうり] が 上手[うま,うまい]く な[,無い*ない]く \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">たって\u003C\u002Fstrong>、心[こころ] が こも[,籠もる*こもる]って い[,居る*いる]れば 嬉[うれ,うれしい]しい よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even if the cooking isn’t good, I’ll be happy if it’s made with care.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.103-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used with nouns or な-adjectives, either \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だって\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or, to express the negative, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃなく たって\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used. The latter is more commonly seen.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だって\u003C\u002Fstrong> そんな こと[,事*こと] 知[し,しる]って る[,居る*いる] よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even a kid knows that!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.103-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"天才[てんさい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">じゃなく たって\u003C\u002Fstrong> 努力[どりょく] す[,為る*する]れば 夢[ゆめ] は 叶[かな,かなう]う 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even if you're not a genius, you can achieve your dream with effort.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.103-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Past + って\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"話[はな,はなす]した って\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-(a-)Stem + なくたって\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"出[だ,だす]さなく たって\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-Stem + くたって・くなくたって\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]く たって\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + だって・じゃなくたって\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"不便[ふべん] だって\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + だって・じゃなくたって\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] だって・じゃなくたって\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Thing-That-Is-True + たって + Action-Taken-Regardless\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"服[ふく] を 娘[むすめ] に 買[か,かう]った って、着[き,きる]ない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[957,1347,1349,1351,1824,1826,1828],{"id":1977,"title":1978,"mod":1965,"grammarPoint":1979,"grammarPointTitle":1980,"grammarPointDescription":1981,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1982,"similarGrammarPoints":1983,"tags":1984,"content":1985,"dependentGrammarPoints":1986,"language":22,"similarPoints":1987,"prereqPoints":1988},20463397960046,"「どう」(1) Ask “how?\"","dou-ask-how","[JLPT N5] 「どう」 (dou) | Ask How Something Is | Japanese Grammar","どう can be used as a Japanese adverb asking \"how something is (done)\" or a Japanese adjective asking \"how something is\". Click to see example sentences.",[],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「どう」(1) Ask “how?\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The adverb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has two uses: asking \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"how\"\n }), \" and asking \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in what way\"\n }), \". Let's first examine how to ask \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"how-questions\"\n }), \" using it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：この 服[ふく] 可愛[かわい,かわいい]い 。お前[おまえ] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どう\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：嫌[いや] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: These clothes are cute. How about these for you? \u003Cbr> B: No way.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.104-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：この 曲[きょく] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どう\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：とても いい[,良い*いい] 曲[きょく] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: How is this song? \u003Cbr> B: It's a very good song.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.104-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it is not always clear which meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"how\"\n }), \" is intended. For example:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"コーヒー は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どう\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How is the coffee? \u002F How about coffee?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.104-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In such cases, the context in which the question is being asked should clarify its meaning.\\nFor instance, if someone asks the above question while you're sitting in a coffee shop, they're likely asking how the coffee tastes and not if you want to go drink coffee.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":756,"title":1990,"mod":1991,"grammarPoint":1992,"grammarPointTitle":1993,"grammarPointDescription":1994,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1995,"similarGrammarPoints":1996,"tags":1997,"content":2002,"dependentGrammarPoints":2003,"language":22,"similarPoints":2004,"prereqPoints":2005},"The て-form う-verbs",1769068819041,"verb-te-form-u","[JLPT N5] The Te Form of -U Verbs | Japanese Verbs","The て form of Japanese verbs is used to connect words and clauses in Japanese and appears in many complex Japanese grammar points. Here's the te form of each -U verb.",[457,465,466],[],[23,17,1998],{"id":1999,"title":2000,"description":2001,"slug":1898,"language":22},"1741860928056","て-Form Series","Lesson uses the te-form in some way","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The て-form う-verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Expressing a sequence of actions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The て-form is one of the most important and most commonly used structures in Japanese.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The basic て-form is usually interpreted as a sequence of events, meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I did \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, and I did \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\"\n }), \" The basic idea to keep in mind is that the て-form simply connects \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Fortunately, constructing this form is relatively straightforward, as it's identical to the past form except that it ends in て instead of た.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kana-Group\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"て-Form Ending\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"うつる\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"って\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ぬぶむ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"んで\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"く\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"いて\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ぐ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"いで\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"す\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"して\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"br\", {})\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kana Shift\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"て-Form\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"take out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"す \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"su\"\n }), \" → して \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"shite\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]して\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"take out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"write\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"く \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ku\"\n }), \" → いて \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ite\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]いて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"write\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]ぐ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"swim\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぐ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"gu\"\n }), \" → いで \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ide\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]いで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"swim\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"read\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"む \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"mu\"\n }), \" → んで \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"nde\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]んで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"read\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]ぬ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"die\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぬ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"nu\"\n }), \" → んで \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"nde\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]んで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"die\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]ぶ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"fly\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぶ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"bu\"\n }), \" → んで \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"nde\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]んで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"fly\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"return\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"る \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ru\"\n }), \" → って \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"tte\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]って\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"return\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]つ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"stand\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"つ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"tu\"\n }), \" → って \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"tte\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]って\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"stand\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"buy\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"う \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" → って \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"tte\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]って\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"buy\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"コーヒー を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">飲[の,のむ]んで\u003C\u002Fstrong>、仕事[しごと] を 始[はじ,はじめる]めた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I drank coffee and then started work.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.105-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"家[いえ] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">帰[かえ,かえる]って\u003C\u002Fstrong>、シャワー を 浴[あ,あびる]びる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will go home and take a shower.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.105-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">立[た,たつ]って\u003C\u002Fstrong>、授業[じゅぎょう] を 始[はじ,はじめる]めた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The teacher stood up and began the lesson.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.105-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"椅子[いす] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">座[すわ,すわる]って\u003C\u002Fstrong>、テレビ を 見[み,みる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I sat on the chair and watched TV.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.105-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The tense of the entire sentence is determined by the last element. In this case, the last element is in the past form, so the entire sentence is in the past tense.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Verbs that ended in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in the past form, now end in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in the て-form.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[502,476,487],{"id":757,"title":2007,"mod":2008,"grammarPoint":2009,"grammarPointTitle":2010,"grammarPointDescription":2011,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2012,"similarGrammarPoints":2013,"tags":2014,"content":2015,"dependentGrammarPoints":2016,"language":22,"similarPoints":2017,"prereqPoints":2018},"The て-form of る-verbs",1769068819042,"verb-te-form-ru","[JLPT N5] The Te Form of -Ru Verbs | Japanese Verbs","The て form of Japanese verbs is used to connect words and clauses in Japanese and appears in many complex Japanese grammar points. 食べる (taberu) → 食べて (tabete).",[457,465,466],[],[23,17,1998],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The て-form of る-verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Expressing a sequence of actions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The て-form is one of the most important and most commonly used structures in Japanese.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The basic て-form is usually interpreted as a sequence of events, meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I did \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, and I did \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\"\n }), \" The basic idea to keep in mind is that the て-form simply connects \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The て-form for ru-verbs is, luckily, much easier to make than the one for u-verbs. To form the basic て-form, just replace る with て.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"て-Form\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]て\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"窓[まど] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">開[あ,あける]けて\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、新鮮[しんせん] な 空気[くうき] を 部屋[へや] に 入[い,いれる]れた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I opened the window and let fresh air into the room.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.106-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"朝ご飯[あさごはん] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べて\u003C\u002Fstrong>、すぐ に 出[で,でかける]かけた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I ate breakfast and immediately went out.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.106-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友達[ともだち] に 写真[しゃしん] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">見[み,みせる]せて\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、旅行[りょこう] の 話[はなし] を し[,為る*する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I showed my friend some photos and talked about the trip.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.106-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"シャワー を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">浴[あ,あびる]びて\u003C\u002Fstrong>、すっきり し[,為る*する]た 気分[きぶん] に な[,成る*なる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I took a shower and felt refreshed.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.106-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The tense of the entire sentence is determined by the last element. In this case, the last element is in the past form, so the whole sentence is in the past tense.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[502,476,487],{"id":758,"title":2020,"mod":2008,"grammarPoint":2021,"grammarPointTitle":2022,"grammarPointDescription":2023,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2024,"similarGrammarPoints":2025,"tags":2026,"content":2027,"dependentGrammarPoints":2028,"language":22,"similarPoints":2029,"prereqPoints":2030},"The て-form of irregular verbs","verb-te-form-irregulars","[JLPT N5] The Te Form of Irregular Verbs | Japanese Adjectives","The て form of Japanese verbs is used to connect words and clauses in Japanese and appears in many complex Japanese grammar points. Here's the te form of Japanese's 4 verbs.",[457,465,466],[],[23,17,1998],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The て-form of irregular verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Expressing a sequence of actions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The て-form is one of the most important and most commonly used structures in Japanese.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The basic て-form is usually interpreted as a sequence of events, meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I did \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, and I did \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\"\n }), \" The basic idea to keep in mind is that the て-form simply connects \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Compared to u-verbs and ru-verbs, irregular verbs don’t really follow any rule or pattern for their て-form, you just have to memorize them.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The て-form is basically the same as the past form; you just replace た with て.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"て-Form\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to do\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し[,為る*する]て\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"do\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[く,くる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to come\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[き,くる]て\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"come\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]って\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あっ[,有る*ある]て\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"be\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"毎朝[まいあさ] 、運動[うんどう] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]て\u003C\u002Fstrong> 元気[げんき] に なる[,成る*なる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I exercise every morning and feel energetic.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.107-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友達[ともだち] が 遊[あそ,あそび]び に 来[き,くる]て 、一緒[いっしょ] に ゲーム を し[,為る*する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A friend came over and we played games together.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.107-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう]、渋谷[!しぶや] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">行[い,いく]って\u003C\u002Fstrong> 映画[えいが] を 見[み,みる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yesterday I went to Shibuya and watched a movie.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.107-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう]、嫌[いや] な こと[,事*こと] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あ[,有る*ある]って\u003C\u002Fstrong> 眠[ねむ,ねむれる]れなかった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Something bad happened yesterday, so I couldn’t sleep.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.107-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to exist\"\n }), \" are not listed as irregular verbs in most textbooks, but as their most used forms behave irregularly, we count them as such.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[502,476,487],{"id":2032,"title":2033,"mod":2034,"grammarPoint":2035,"grammarPointTitle":2036,"grammarPointDescription":2037,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2038,"similarGrammarPoints":2039,"tags":2040,"content":2041,"dependentGrammarPoints":2042,"language":22,"similarPoints":2043,"prereqPoints":2044},20463397960050,"The て-form of い-adjectives",1769068819043,"i-adjectives-te-form","[JLPT N5] The Te Form of i Adjectives | Japanese Adjectives","Japanese adjectives can also be conjugated into the te form. To make it, simply replace the ~い with ~くて. For example, 高い (takai) → 高くて (takakute).",[399],[],[23,17,408,1998],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The て-form of い-adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Use multiple adjectives to describe a noun\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now let's move on to い-adjectives. Their meaning is similar to the て-form of verbs, but instead of expressing \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I did \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, then I did \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \", it means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"It is \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>, and \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">C\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \". This allows you to describe a noun with multiple adjectives.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The basic conjugation is similar to the negative form of verbs. Simply remove the い and replace it with くて.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い　→　高[たか,たかい]くて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"High → High\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この ケーキ は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">甘[あま,あまい]くて\u003C\u002Fstrong>、おいしい[,美味しい*おいしい] です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This cake is sweet and delicious.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.108-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"その 映画[えいが] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">悲[かな,かなしい]しくて\u003C\u002Fstrong>、感動的[かんどうてき] だった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That movie was sad and moving.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.108-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To get the negative て-form, you change the い-adjective into its negative form and then replace the final い with くて.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い　→　高[たか,たかい]くない　→　高[たか,たかい]くなくて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"High → Not high → Not high\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この カレー は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">辛[から,からい]くなくて\u003C\u002Fstrong>、子供[こども] で も 食[た,たべる]べられます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This curry isn't spicy, so even children can eat it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.108-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あの 映画[えいが] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]くなくて\u003C\u002Fstrong>、途中[とちゅう] で 寝[ね,ねる]て しま[,しまう]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That movie wasn't interesting, and I ended up falling asleep halfway.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.108-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"And as always, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いい[,いい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"good\"\n }), \" is an exception to the rule. Here are both conjugations for it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"いい[,いい]・よ[,いい]い　→　よ[,いい]くて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Good\u002FWell → Well\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"いい[,いい]・よ[,いい]い　→　よ[,いい]くない　→　よ[,いい]くなくて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Good\u002FWell → Not good → Not good\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この レストラン は 雰囲気[ふいんき] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">よ[,良い*いい]くて\u003C\u002Fstrong>、料理[りょうり] も 美味[おい,おいしい]しい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This restaurant has a nice atmosphere, and the food is also delicious.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.108-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 店[みせ] は サービス が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">よ[,良い*いい]くなくて\u003C\u002Fstrong>、二度[にど] と 行[い,いく]かない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The service at this shop wasn’t good, so I won’t go again.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.108-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Just like how the last verb determines the tense, the last adjective in a sentence determines its polarity (affirmative\u002Fnegative).\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-て-Form + い-Adjective + Noun\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"美[うつく,うつくしい]しくて かわいい[,かわいい] 女[おんな]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[454],{"id":2046,"title":2047,"mod":2034,"grammarPoint":2048,"grammarPointTitle":2049,"grammarPointDescription":2050,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2051,"similarGrammarPoints":2052,"tags":2053,"content":2054,"dependentGrammarPoints":2055,"language":22,"similarPoints":2056,"prereqPoints":2057},20463397960051,"The て-form of な-adjectives ","na-adjectives-te-form","[JLPT N5] The Te Form of Na Adjectives | Japanese Adjectives","Japanese adjectives can also be conjugated into the te form. To make it, simply replace the ~な with ~で. For example, 静かな (shizukana) → 静かで (shizukade).",[80],[],[23,17,408,1998],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The て-form of な-adjectives \"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Use multiple adjectives to describe a noun\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now let's move on to the final group regarding the て-form: な-adjectives. The function remains the same as with i-adjectives; it enables you to list descriptions. な-adjectives normally add a \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but for the て-form you add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" instead.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か　→　静[しず]か で\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Quiet → Quietly\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 町[まち] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">静[しず]か で\u003C\u002Fstrong>、住[す,すむ]み やすい[,易い*やすい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This town is quiet and easy to live in.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.109-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">親切[しんせつ] で\u003C\u002Fstrong>、美人[びじん] です ね 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She is kind and beautiful, isn’t she?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.109-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For the negative form, the process is a bit different. First replace the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and then, simply conjugate \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" into its て-form by replacing い with くて.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か じゃない　 → 　静[しず]か じゃなくて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Not quiet → Not quiet\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 仕事[しごと] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">簡単[かんたん] じゃなくて\u003C\u002Fstrong>、時間[じかん] が かかる[,掛かる*かかる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This job isn't easy, and it takes time.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.109-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">元気[げんき] じゃなくて\u003C\u002Fstrong>、外出[がいしゅつ] し[,為る*する]たくない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm not feeling well today, so I don't want to go out.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.109-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + で + な-Adjective + な + Noun\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"親切[しんせつ] で きれい[,綺麗*きれい] な 女[おんな]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[416],{"id":2059,"title":2060,"mod":1965,"grammarPoint":2061,"grammarPointTitle":2062,"grammarPointDescription":2063,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2064,"similarGrammarPoints":2065,"tags":2066,"content":2067,"dependentGrammarPoints":2068,"language":22,"similarPoints":2069,"prereqPoints":2070},20463397960052,"「ないで」(1) \"Do B without doing A\"","naide-do-b-without-doing-a","[JLPT N４] 「ないで」 (naide) | \"Don't X And Do Y Instead\" | Japanese Grammar","From VERBない meaning \"not do VERB\", the vないで grammar point indicates that you did something without doing something else. Click to see example sentences. ",[739,740,741],[],[1034,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ないで」(1) \\\"Do B without doing A\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> ないで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to express that someone did something without doing \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To form this structure, simply turn the verb into its negative form and add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This applies to all verb types.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる　→　食[た,たべる]べない　→　食[た,たべる]べないで\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Eat → Don't eat → Without eating\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"買[か,かう]う　→　買[か,かう]わない　→　買[か,かう]わないで\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Buy → Don't buy → Without buying\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used in a situation where someone is expected to do something, the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"without doing\"\n }), \" is implied.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"朝ご飯[あさごはん] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べない で\u003C\u002Fstrong> 学校[がっこう] に 行[い,いく]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went to school without eating breakfast.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.110-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] に 何[なに] も \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">言[い,いう]わない で\u003C\u002Fstrong> 出[で,でかける]かけた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went out without saying anything to him.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.110-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"宿題[しゅくだい] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]ない で\u003C\u002Fstrong> テレビ を 見[み,みる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I watched TV without doing my homework.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.110-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Negative + で\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べないで\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1347,1349,1351],{"id":2072,"title":2073,"mod":2074,"grammarPoint":2075,"grammarPointTitle":2076,"grammarPointDescription":2077,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2078,"similarGrammarPoints":2079,"tags":2080,"content":2081,"dependentGrammarPoints":2082,"language":22,"similarPoints":2083,"prereqPoints":2084},20463397960053,"「なくて」(1) \"Not X but Y\"",1769136987830,"nakute-negative-te-form","[JLPT N４] 「なくて」 (nakute) | Negative Te Form | Japanese Grammar","vなくて is the negative version of the て form, using the negative form of a verb as a building block to make a more complex grammar point. To make it: Vない → Vなくて.",[],[],[1034,17,408,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「なくて」(1) \\\"Not X but Y\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Now that we learned how to build the て-form, we should also quickly talk about its negative equivalent. This form is the same for all three verb types and い-adjectives as it just uses the negative form of each as the base building block.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"All you have to do to build this negative て-form is replace the い of the negative form with くて.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative て-Form\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"take out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]さない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't take out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]さなくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't take out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べなくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't eat\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to do\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し[,為る*する]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't do\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し[,為る*する]なくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't do\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"高[たか,たかい]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"tall\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"高[たか,たかい]くない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not tall\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"高[たか,たかい]くなくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not tall\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can understand the meaning in a similar way to the regular て-form, just in the negative. This means that it can be translated to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to not \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, and \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used with verbs, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to list items, similar to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"and\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"図書館[としょかん] に 友達[ともだち] の 静香[!しずか] ちゃん が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">来[こ,くる]なくて\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、嫌[きら]い な 友恵[!ともえ] ちゃん が 来[き,くる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My friend Shizuka-chan didn't come to the library, (instead) Tomoe-chan, whom I hate, came.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.111-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 村[むら] が 何処[どこ] か \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">分[わ,わかる]からなくて\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、人[ひと] に 聞[き,きく]いた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) didn't know where this village was, so (I) asked someone. \u003Cbr> (Literally: asked a person)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.111-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another possible interpretation of the second example sentence is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to state a reason or cause for what follows. We will explore this particular usage in a later lesson.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Aside from its listing function, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also often used to contradict a previous assertion and offer one's own. In this way, it's similar to the English \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"not \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, but rather \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \". In \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> なくて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is the information being denied, while \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" is the correction.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あの[,彼の*あの] 女優[じょゆう] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">優[やさ,やさしい]しくなくて\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、とても 冷[つめ,つめたい]たい 人[ひと] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That actress is not kind, (she) is a very cold person.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.111-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-(a-)Stem + なくて\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"来[こ,くる]なくて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-Stem + なくて\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"優[やさ,やさしい]しくなくて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + ではんくて・じゃなくて\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か で は なくて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + ではなくて・じゃなくて\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] じゃなくて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":2086,"title":2087,"mod":2074,"grammarPoint":2088,"grammarPointTitle":2089,"grammarPointDescription":2090,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2091,"similarGrammarPoints":2092,"tags":2093,"content":2094,"dependentGrammarPoints":2095,"language":22,"similarPoints":2096,"prereqPoints":2097},20463397960054,"「なくて」(2) Correct an incorrect statement","janakute-correct-information","[JLPT N４] 「じゃなくて」 (jyanakute) | Correct Incorrect Information | Japanese Grammar","じゃなくて, The て form of じゃない, is used to say that something is not (noun) or (adjective) but is rather something else. To make it: じゃない (jyanai) → じゃなくて (jyankute)",[112,2072],[],[1034,17,408],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「なくて」(2) Correct an incorrect statement\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used with adjectives, or nouns to correct information. For い-adjectives, you’ll need to turn them into their negative て-form. For nouns and な-adjectives, you can just attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で は なくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃなくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative て-Form\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"高[たか,たかい]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"tall\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"高[たか,たかい]くない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not tall\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"高[たか,たかい]くなくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not tall\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"静[しず]か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"quiet\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"静[しず]か じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not quiet\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"静[しず]か じゃなくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not quiet\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"先生[せんせい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"teacher\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"先生[せんせい] じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not a teacher\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"先生[せんせい] じゃなくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not a quiet\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The general structure you’ll see in sentences using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to correct something is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> なくて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \", where \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is the incorrect information and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" is the correct one.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] さん は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">先生[せんせい] じゃなくて\u003C\u002Fstrong>、学生[がくせい] です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mr. Tanaka isn't a teacher, he's a student.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.112-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 問題[もんだい] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">難[むず,むずかしい]しくなくて\u003C\u002Fstrong>、ちょっと ややこしい だけ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This problem isn't difficult, just a bit tricky.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.112-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 図書館[としょかん] は 静[しず]か じゃなくて、とても うるさい[,煩い*うるさい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This library is not quiet, it's very noisy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.112-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Since this structure is used to say what something isn’t and correct it to what it actually is, it doesn’t really lend itself well to being used with verbs.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Wrong-InformationじゃなくてCorrect-Information\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か じゃなくて、うるさい[,うるさい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1658,2098],{"id":2072,"title":2073,"mod":2074,"grammarPoint":2075,"grammarPointTitle":2076,"grammarPointDescription":2077,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2078,"similarGrammarPoints":2079,"tags":2099,"content":2081,"dependentGrammarPoints":2082,"language":22},[52,21,412,472],{"id":2101,"title":2102,"mod":2074,"grammarPoint":2103,"grammarPointTitle":2104,"grammarPointDescription":2105,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2106,"similarGrammarPoints":2107,"tags":2108,"content":2109,"dependentGrammarPoints":2110,"language":22,"similarPoints":2111,"prereqPoints":2112},20463397960055,"「しまう」Finish doing something","shimau-finish-doing-something","[JLPT N4] 「しまう」 (shimau) | To Do Something Thoroughly | Japanese Verbs","しまう combines with the て form of verbs to say that something was done completely. It is usually used with a negative nuance: you \"done did something\", and that's bad.",[756,757,758],[],[1034,17,1998],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「しまう」Finish doing something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Or: to do something by accident\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One of the ways to express completion of an action is with the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しまう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This verb is used in conjunction with the て-form of the verb that has reached completion.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"宿題[しゅくだい] を 全部[ぜんぶ] し[,為る*する]て \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">しまった\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) finished all (my) homework.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.113-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"While \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しまう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can express the simple fact of completion, it's far more commonly used with a negative connotation. We've all had that time where we messed something up. This usage can sometimes resemble the regretful sentiment of the English \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Now (someone) has gone and done it\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"財布[さいふ] を 電車[でんしゃ] に 忘[わす,わすれる]れて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">しま[,しまう]った\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I accidentally left my wallet on the train.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.113-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In other instances, it expresses unintended consequences.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"大事[だいじ] な 書類[しょるい] を なく[,失くす*なくす]して \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">しま[,しまう]った\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I accidentally lost an important document.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.113-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"バス を 乗り過[のりす,のりすごす]ごして \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">しま[,しまう]った\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I accidentally missed my bus stop.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.113-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As we can see, the context is especially important when interpreting this verb.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Although this verb is often used in it's past tense, it doesn't have to be.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"僕[ぼく] は いつも 道[みち] に 迷[まよ,まよう]って \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">しまう[,しまう]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Unfortunately, I always get lost.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.113-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しまう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" itself is a u-verb, meaning it changes as such.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Inflection\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しまう[,しまう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Past\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しま[,しまう]った\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しま[,しまう]わない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Past-Negative\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しま[,しまう]わなかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"て-Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しま[,しまう]って\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + しまう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べて しまう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[2113,2115,2117],{"id":756,"title":1990,"mod":1991,"grammarPoint":1992,"grammarPointTitle":1993,"grammarPointDescription":1994,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1995,"similarGrammarPoints":1996,"tags":2114,"content":2002,"dependentGrammarPoints":2003,"language":22},[27,21,1898],{"id":757,"title":2007,"mod":2008,"grammarPoint":2009,"grammarPointTitle":2010,"grammarPointDescription":2011,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2012,"similarGrammarPoints":2013,"tags":2116,"content":2015,"dependentGrammarPoints":2016,"language":22},[27,21,1898],{"id":758,"title":2020,"mod":2008,"grammarPoint":2021,"grammarPointTitle":2022,"grammarPointDescription":2023,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2024,"similarGrammarPoints":2025,"tags":2118,"content":2027,"dependentGrammarPoints":2028,"language":22},[27,21,1898],{"id":2120,"title":2121,"mod":2122,"grammarPoint":2123,"grammarPointTitle":2124,"grammarPointDescription":2125,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2126,"similarGrammarPoints":2130,"tags":2131,"content":2132,"dependentGrammarPoints":2133,"language":22,"similarPoints":2134,"prereqPoints":2135},20463397960056,"「堪らない・たまらない」Express that something is unbearable",1769068460355,"tamaranai-unbearable","[JLPT N２] 「堪らない・たまらない」 (tamaranai) | \"Unbearable\" | Japanese Grammar","たまらない, literally meaning \"unbearable\" gets combined with positive adjectives to say \"incredibly X\" and negative adjectives to say \"so X that it can't be tolerated\". ",[2032,2046,2127,2128,2129],20463397960239,20463397960240,20463397960241,[],[1124,17,1998,408],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「堪らない・たまらない」Express that something is unbearable\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Unbearably, extremely, be dying to do~\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"堪[たま,たまる]らない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the negative form of the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"堪[たま,たまる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to endure\"\n }), \". When attached to the て-form of an adjective, it expresses strong emotions (happy, sad, etc.) or sensations (hot, cold, etc.), meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"so much that it can't be tolerated\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"very much\"\n }), \". It can be used for both positive and negative things.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"頭[あたま] が 痛[いた,いたい]くて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">堪[たま,たまる]らない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My head hurts so much I can’t bear it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.114-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] の 話し方[はなしかた] が 可愛[かわい,かわいい]くて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">堪[たま,たまる]らない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The way he talks is unbearably cute.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.114-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As we learned, for な-adjectives the て-form is just で.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] の こと[,事*こと] が 好[す]き で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">堪[たま,たまる]らない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I like him so much I can’t stand it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.114-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Keep in mind that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"堪[たま,たまる]らない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can only be used with adjectives that describe human emotions or sensations.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you want to emphasize this even more, you can use the form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> て \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> て たま[たまる]らない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which just repeats the adjective twice.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 暑[あつ,あつい]くて 暑[あつ,あつい]くて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">堪[たま,たまる]らない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Today is so, so hot I can’t stand it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.114-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"会[あ,あう]いたくて 会[あ,あう]いたくて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">堪[たま,たまる]らない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to see you so badly I can’t stand it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.114-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You might be wondering why \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"会[あ,あう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used here, since we first said this structure is used with adjectives. That’s because the たい part of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"会[あ,あう]いたい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is an \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"auxiliary adjective\"\n }), \", which means it behaves like an adjective and can therefore used here.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-て-Form + 堪らない\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]くて 堪[たま,たまる]らない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + で堪らない\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"好[す]き で 堪[たま,たまる]らない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[2136,2138,2140,2154,2164],{"id":2032,"title":2033,"mod":2034,"grammarPoint":2035,"grammarPointTitle":2036,"grammarPointDescription":2037,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2038,"similarGrammarPoints":2039,"tags":2137,"content":2041,"dependentGrammarPoints":2042,"language":22},[27,21,412,1898],{"id":2046,"title":2047,"mod":2034,"grammarPoint":2048,"grammarPointTitle":2049,"grammarPointDescription":2050,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2051,"similarGrammarPoints":2052,"tags":2139,"content":2054,"dependentGrammarPoints":2055,"language":22},[27,21,412,1898],{"id":2127,"title":2141,"mod":2142,"grammarPoint":2143,"grammarPointTitle":2144,"grammarPointDescription":2145,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2146,"similarGrammarPoints":2147,"tags":2151,"content":2152,"dependentGrammarPoints":2153,"language":22},"The “desire” form of う verbs",1769234402865,"verb-desire-u","[JLPT N5] 「たい」 (tai) | U-verbs, Desire Form | Japanese Grammar","Expresses how to say \"want to do\" using たい with verb stems, including formation, conjugation, and usage rules for expressing one’s own desires.",[],[2148,2149,2150],20463397960237,20463397960238,20463397960262,[27,21,472],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The “desire” form of う verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Desire to do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a helper-adjective that gets attached to the い-stem of verbs. It is used to express the desire to do something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To use this helper-adjective with u-verbs, you simply have to attach it to the stem.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For the stem formation, just replace the last \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" sound with an \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"i\"\n }), \" sound.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kana Shift\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Desire\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"take out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"す \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"su\"\n }), \" → し \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"shi\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]したい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Want to take out!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"write\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"く \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ku\"\n }), \" → き \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ki\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]きたい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Want to write!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]ぐ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"swim\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぐ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"gu\"\n }), \" → ぎ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"gi\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]ぎたい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Want to swim!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"read\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"む \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"mu\"\n }), \" → み \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"mi\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]みたい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Want to read!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]ぬ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"die\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぬ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"nu\"\n }), \" → に \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ni\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]にたい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Want to die!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]ぶ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"fly\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぶ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"bu\"\n }), \" → び \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"bi\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]びたい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Want to fly!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"return\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"る \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ru\"\n }), \" → り \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ri\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]りたい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Want to return!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]つ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"stand\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"つ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"tu\"\n }), \" → ち \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ti\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]ちたい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Want to stand!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"buy\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: 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The choice seems to depend on the desire of the speaker. If the desire is strong, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is preferred.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 水[みず] が 飲[の,のむ]みたい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to drink water.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"We will talk about self- and other-moving verbs in more detail later, but in short:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Other-moving\"\n }), \" verbs are directed toward a receiver, which is the object. 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If you want to use it for others, you must ensure that it is clear you are assuming their intent by attaching something like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と 言[い,いう]って い[,いる]た\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"they were saying\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そう だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"I heard that\"\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"らしい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"it seems like\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] は 寿司[すし] を 食[た,たべる]べたい と 言[い,いう]って い[,いる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tanaka said they want to eat sushi.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] は 寿司[すし] を 食[た,たべる]べたい そう だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I heard Tanaka wants to eat sushi.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] は 寿司[すし] を 食[た,たべる]べたい らしい。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It seems like Tanaka wants to eat sushi.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":2128,"title":2155,"mod":2156,"grammarPoint":2157,"grammarPointTitle":2158,"grammarPointDescription":2145,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2159,"similarGrammarPoints":2160,"tags":2161,"content":2162,"dependentGrammarPoints":2163,"language":22},"The “desire” form of る verbs",1769234433400,"verb-desire-ru","[JLPT N5] 「たい」 (tai) | Ru-verbs, Desire Form | Japanese Grammar",[],[2148,2149,2150],[27,21,472],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The “desire” form of る verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Desire to do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a helper-adjective that gets attached to the い-stem of verbs. It is used to express the desire to do something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To use this helper-adjective with ru-verbs, you simply have to attach it to the stem.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To conjugate ru-verbs, just replace the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Desire\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]たい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"want to go out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べたい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"want to eat\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 部屋[へや]、空気[くうき] が 悪[わる,わるい]い ね 。ちょっと 外[そと] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">出[で,でる]たい\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The air in this room is bad. I want to step outside for a bit.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.299-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"何[なに] か 温[あたた,あたたかい]かい もの[,物*もの] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べたい\u003C\u002Fstrong> な 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I kinda want to eat something warm.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.299-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In situations where the verb is an other-moving verb, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to mark the direct object. The choice seems to depend on the desire of the speaker. If the desire is strong, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is preferred.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は チョコ が 食[た,たべる]べたい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to eat chocolate.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"We will talk about self- and other-moving verbs in more detail later, but in short:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Other-moving\"\n }), \" verbs are directed toward a receiver, which is the object. 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_jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":2129,"title":2165,"mod":2166,"grammarPoint":2167,"grammarPointTitle":2168,"grammarPointDescription":2145,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2169,"similarGrammarPoints":2170,"tags":2171,"content":2172,"dependentGrammarPoints":2173,"language":22},"The “desire” form of irregular verbs",1769234474854,"verb-desire-irregular","[JLPT N5] 「たい」 (tai) | Irregular Verbs, \"Desire\" Form | Japanese Grammar",[],[2148,2149,2150],[27,21,472],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The “desire” form of irregular verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Desire to do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a helper-adjective that gets attached to the い-stem of verbs. It is used to express the desire to do something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To use this helper-adjective with irregular verbs, you simply have to attach it to the stem.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Desire\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to do\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し[,する]たい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"want to do\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[く,くる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to come\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[き,くる]たい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"want to come\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]きたい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"want to go\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日曜日[にちようび] に 有名[ゆうめい] な レストラン で 彼[かれ] と 食事[しょくじ] し[,する]た 。とても 美味[おい,おいしい]しかった から 、今度[こんど] は 両親[りょうしん] と ここ に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">来[き,くる]たい\u003C\u002Fstrong> な 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) had a meal with (my) boyfriend on Sunday at a famous restaurant. Next time (I) want to come here with my parents because it was very delicious.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.300-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"雨[あめ] が や[,やむ]んで ほしい[,欲しい*ほしい] 。外[そと] を 散歩[さんぽ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]たい\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I hope the rain stops. I want to take a walk outside.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.300-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In situations where the verb is an other-moving verb, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to mark the direct object. The choice seems to depend on the desire of the speaker. 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Click to see how!",[],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Understanding ウチ and ソト in Japanese\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese culture, there's an important idea that impacts almost every daily conversations and interaction, and that is the distinction between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[!うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"inside\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in-group\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[!そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"outside\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"out-group\"\n }), \".\", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nThis uchi–soto concept plays a big role in shaping social customs, communication styles, and even the Japanese language itself.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"What is 内 and 外?\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" refers to your \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in-group\"\n }), \"—like your family, close friends, coworkers, or anyone in your circle. 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Well, not so fast.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"What makes things tricky is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" aren't fixed categories. Instead, who counts as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" changes—and even overlaps—depending on the context, social situation, or relationships at a given moment.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For example, in a large company, when you're speaking with the head of another department, members of that department become \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", especially if you're comparing their team to yours. But if you're speaking with people from another company entirely, suddenly everyone in your company becomes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and everyone from the other company is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Influence on language\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The distinction between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" plays a big role in how people use language and behave in Japanese society. Here are a few ways this difference shows up:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When talking to someone considered \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it’s important to show them respect while being humble about your \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". We’ll explore more of the polite language in Japanese in chapter 14!\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another way this dynamic shows up is in how giving and receiving verbs, like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あげる[,あげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to give\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くれる[,くれる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to give\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もらう[,もらう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to receive\"\n }), \", are used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For exmple, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">くれる[,くれる]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"is only used when the person receiving something is either the speaker or someone from the speaker’s\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". You’ll learn more about these verbs in the next four lessons!\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Conclusion\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Getting the hang of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is key to understanding social interactions in Japanese. Since they also affect how language is used, it’s worth paying attention when people are talking. Even small details—like how verbs such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くれる[,くれる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are used—can reveal a lot about the relationship between two people!\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":2189,"title":2190,"mod":2191,"grammarPoint":2192,"grammarPointTitle":2193,"grammarPointDescription":2194,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2195,"similarGrammarPoints":2196,"tags":2197,"content":2198,"dependentGrammarPoints":2199,"language":22,"similarPoints":2200,"prereqPoints":2201},20463397960057,"「あげる・てあげる」Give something",1755049758551,"ageru-teageru-give-something","[JLPT N4] 「あげる・てあげる」 (ageru・teagaeru) | \"To give\" | Japanese Grammar","あげる means \"to give\". It can be used by itself, or in conjuction with the て form, to say that you are giving something to someone or doing something for them.",[756,757,758,2175],[],[1034,17,1998],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「あげる・てあげる」Give something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"To give\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In Japanese, expressing the act of giving or receiving involves more than just translating “give” or “receive” directly.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The three giving-and-receiving verbs, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あげる[,あげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to give\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くれる[,呉れる*くれる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to give\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もらう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to receive\"\n }), \", each are used depending on the relationship between the speaker and the people involved.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To understand these nuances, it’s helpful to think about social boundaries. In Japanese, people often distinguish between those who are part of their in-group (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") and those outside it (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"). The choice of verb changes depending on whether the giver or receiver is within your in-group. To use the Japanese terminology, we’ll mark the speaker as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[!じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"self\"\n }), \". \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nSo, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means that the verb can be used when the speaker (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") gives something to someone within their \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Verb\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Direction of the action\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あげる[,あげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くれる[,くれる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もらう[,もらう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Anyone → Anyone\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For now let's get into \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あげる[,あげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is closely related to, though slightly different from, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て あげる[,あげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"First and foremost, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あげる[,あげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"give\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"君[きみ] に 花[はな] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あげる[,あげる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm giving you flowers. \u003Cbr> (Literally: I will give you flowers.)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.116-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"弟[おとうと] に 古[ふる,ふるい]い 自転車[じてんしゃ] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あげ[,あげる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I gave my younger brother my old bicycle.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.116-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"recipient of the gift\"\n }), \" is marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"object being given\"\n }), \" is marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">を\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". An important restriction with this verb is that the recipient \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"cannot\"\n }), \" be a first-person entity. If you reverse the above example so that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"私[わたし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is in the receiving position, this would be incorrect.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"君[きみ] は 私[わたし] に 花[はな] を あげる[,あげる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You give me flowers.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A second but related construct is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> あげる[,あげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to do \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> for someone\"\n }), \", where \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is a verb in the て-form . In other words, this usage denotes the beneficiary of an action.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 妹[いもうと] に ケーキ を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">作[つく,つくる]って あげ[,あげる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I made a cake for my younger sister.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.116-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"同僚[どうりょう] に コーヒー を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">買[か,かう]って あげ[,あげる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I bought coffee for his coworker.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.116-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The same restriction we had with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あげる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" applies here; that is, the beneficiary of the action cannot be \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"we\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"But what if the person who receives the benefit is also the direct object? In this case \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is dropped and only the direct object particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" remains.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 田中[!たなか] さん を マッサージ[まっさーじ] し[,為る*する]て \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あげる[,あげる]\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will give Tanaka-san a massage.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.116-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In casual speech in Kansai-ben (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"関西弁[かんさいべん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"; \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Kansai dialect\"\n }), \"), \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て あげる[,あげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is sometimes contracted to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～たげる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", as in the following:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"古橋[!ふるはし] さん \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">やめ[,止める*やめる]たげて\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Furuhashi-san please stop.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.116-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This example is from the show \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"僕[ぼく] たち は 勉強[べんきょう] が でき[,できる]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"We Never Learn\"\n }), \"。\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あげる[,あげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" itself is a ru-verb, meaning it changes as such.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Inflection\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あげる[,あげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Past\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あげ[,あげる]た\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あげ[,あげる]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Past-Negative\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あげ[,あげる]なかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"て-Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あげ[,あげる]て\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + あげる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"貸[か,かす]して あげる[,あげる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"GiverはTargetにObjectをあげる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 友だち[ともだち] に プレゼント を あげる[,あげる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"GiverはTargetにObjectをVerb-Te-Formあげる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 友だち[ともだち] に プレゼント を 贈[おく,おくる]って あげる[,あげる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[2113,2115,2117,2202],{"id":2175,"title":2176,"mod":2177,"grammarPoint":2178,"grammarPointTitle":2179,"grammarPointDescription":2180,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2181,"similarGrammarPoints":2182,"tags":2203,"content":2184,"dependentGrammarPoints":2185,"language":22},[52,21],{"id":2205,"title":2206,"mod":2207,"grammarPoint":2208,"grammarPointTitle":2209,"grammarPointDescription":2210,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2211,"similarGrammarPoints":2212,"tags":2213,"content":2214,"dependentGrammarPoints":2215,"language":22,"similarPoints":2216,"prereqPoints":2217},20463397960058,"「くれる・てくれる」Someone gives you something",1755049886528,"kureru-tekureru-someone-gives-you-something","[JLPT N4] 「くれる・てくれる」 (kureru・tekureru) | Something is Given to Someone In Your In-group | Japanese Grammar","くれる is similar to あげる, meaning \"give\" or \"do for\", but it has a different direction: whereas you あげる something to someone else, someone else くれる's you something. ",[756,757,758,2175],[],[1034,17,1998],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「くれる・てくれる」Someone gives you something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"To give\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In Japanese, expressing the act of giving or receiving involves more than just translating “give” or “receive” directly.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The three giving-and-receiving verbs, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あげる[,あげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to give\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くれる[,呉れる*くれる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to give\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もらう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to receive\"\n }), \", each are used depending on the relationship between the speaker and the people involved.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To understand these nuances, it’s helpful to think about social boundaries. In Japanese, people often distinguish between those who are part of their in-group (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") and those outside it (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"). The choice of verb changes depending on whether the giver or receiver is within your in-group. To use the Japanese terminology, we’ll mark the speaker as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[!じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"self\"\n }), \". \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nSo, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means that the verb can be used when the speaker (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") gives something to someone within their \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Verb\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Direction of the action\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あげる[,あげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くれる[,くれる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もらう[,もらう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Anyone → Anyone\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くれる[,呉れる*くれる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"give\"\n }), \", but it is used when the receiver marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is part of your in-group. Here, in-group refers to the first-person, as well as one's social circle, i.e. one's family, friends, and those closely identified or empathized with.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's take a look at an example:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"パパ が 古[ふる,ふるい]い ゲーム を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">くれ[,呉れる*くれる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) dad gave me an old game.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.117-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"おばあちゃん が 手作[てづく]り の クッキー を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">くれ[,呉れる*くれる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Grandma gave me homemade cookies.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.117-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now we can be the recipient of the giving! It's important to note, however, that if we reversed the roles in the above example (e.g. I gave my dad a game), then it no longer works. This is because when the first-person is the giver, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あげる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" must be used instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くれる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The second construct, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> くれる[,呉れる*くれる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" being a verb in its て-form, has a similar meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"someone does \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> for someone\"\n }), \". It also follows the same group constraints as mentioned earlier (in-group only).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友[とも]だち が 宿題[しゅくだい] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">手伝[てつだ,てつだう]って くれ[,呉れる*くれる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My friend helped me with my homework.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.117-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"父[ちち] が パソコン を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">直[なお,なおす]して くれ[,呉れる*くれる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My dad fixed my computer for me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.117-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If the person who receives the benefit is also the direct object, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is dropped, and only the direct object remains.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] さん は 私[わたし] を マッサージ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]て くれ[,呉れる*くれる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tanaka-san gave me a massage.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.117-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this example, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"私[わたし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the person for whom something is done—in this case, the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"マッサージ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Normally, since \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"私[わたし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the beneficiary of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"田中[たなか]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"’s action, it would be marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". However, since \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"私[わたし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also the direct object of the action, the に is dropped and only \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Compare this to the following sentence, where our beneficiary \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"私[わたし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and the direct object \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"本[ほん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] さん は 私[わたし] に 本[ほん] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">買[か,かう]って くれ[,呉れる*くれる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tanaka-san bought me a book.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.117-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + くれる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"貸[か,かす]して くれる[,呉れる*くれる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Giverは・がTargetにObjectをくれる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"パパ が、古[ふる,ふるい]い ゲーム を 私[わたし] に くれ[,呉れる*くれる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Giverは・がTargetに(Objectを)Verb-て-Formくれる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"パパ が、大[おお]きな テレビ を 私[わたし] に 買[か,かう]って くれ[,呉れる*くれる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[2113,2115,2117,2202],{"id":2219,"title":2220,"mod":2221,"grammarPoint":2222,"grammarPointTitle":2223,"grammarPointDescription":2224,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2225,"similarGrammarPoints":2226,"tags":2227,"content":2228,"dependentGrammarPoints":2229,"language":22,"similarPoints":2230,"prereqPoints":2231},20463397960059,"「に」(4) Mark the source of something",1769068525388,"ni-mark-source","[JLPT N4] 「に」 (ni) | The Source of an Action | Japanese Particle","One of the usages of に is to show the source of a verb: who told you something, who you received something from, who you learned something from, and so forth. ",[],[],[1034,17,587,137],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「に」(4) Mark the source of something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"From, by\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is for receptive, causative, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もらう[,もらう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and other receiving constructions. In this type of construction, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" follows the agent of the sentence, i.e., the person doing something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 新[あたら,あたらしい]しい 単語[たんご] の 意味[いみ] を 教[おし,おしえる]えて もら[,もらう]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I had the meaning of a new word taught to me by my teacher.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.118-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"母[はは] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 夕飯[ゆうはん] の 作り方[つくりかた] を 教[おそ,おそわる]わった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I learned how to make dinner from my mother.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.118-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"両親[りょうしん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 小[ちい,ちいさい]さい 頃[ころ] の 話[はなし] を 聞[き,きく]いた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I heard stories from my parents about when I was little.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.118-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友達[ともだち] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> お金[おかね] を 借[か,かりる]りた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I borrowed money from my friend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.118-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To determine who should get the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you can ask yourself \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"who is doing the action?\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Common verbs that take this construction include \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"借[か,かりる]りる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"borrow\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"習[なら,ならう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"learn\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"教[おそ,おそわる]わる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be taught\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"聞[き,きく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"hear\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もらう[,もらう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"receive\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It may be a bit more difficult to think in terms of our target \", _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"🎯\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f3af.png\"\n }), \" analogy, but let's try. You think of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as putting the target \", _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"🎯\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f3af.png\"\n }), \" on the source of the action, whether passive or causative.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Making the source into the topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, each element of a sentence can represent a case, which tells us the function an element has in the sentence. As we learned in this lesson, the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case can tell us the source of something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"父[ちち] に ピアノ を 教[おそ,おそわる]わった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) was taught piano by my father.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this sentence our case \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"父[ちち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", tells us who the speaker learned piano from. Each case like this in a Japanese sentence can be turned into the topic of the sentence using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Depending on the particle the element uses, the change to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" looks a bit different.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Below you can see an overview of the changes that happen when turning a case into our topic.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Case\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"には\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"では\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へは\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"とは\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Notice that when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is made into our topic using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", they both combine into \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"には\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\\nLet's now take our example from above and turn our \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case into the topic.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"父[ちち] に は、ピアノ を 教[おそ,おそわる]わった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(It is) by my father (and not others), that (I) was taught piano.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So, what is different from the first version of this sentence? The most likely interpretation is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is simply used to add contrast, indicating that the father is the person the speaker learned piano from, and not anyone else.\\nWithout the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" the sentence simply expresses that the father taught the speaker how to play the piano, without the nuance of excluding other people.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":2233,"title":2234,"mod":2235,"grammarPoint":2236,"grammarPointTitle":2237,"grammarPointDescription":2238,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2239,"similarGrammarPoints":2240,"tags":2241,"content":2242,"dependentGrammarPoints":2243,"language":22,"similarPoints":2244,"prereqPoints":2245},20463397960060,"「もらう・てもらう」Receive something",1756454263487,"morau-temorau-receive-something","[JLPT N5] 「もらう・てもらう」 (morau・temorau) | \"To receive\" | Japanese Grammar","もらう means \"to receive\". It's similar to くれる, but inverts the actors: the recipient is marked with は while the giver is marked with に. Click to see example sentences.",[756,757,758,2175,2219],[],[23,17,1998],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「もらう・てもらう」Receive something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Be given, receive\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In Japanese, expressing the act of giving or receiving involves more than just translating “give” or “receive” directly.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The three giving-and-receiving verbs, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あげる[,あげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to give\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くれる[,呉れる*くれる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to give\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もらう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to receive\"\n }), \", each are used depending on the relationship between the speaker and the people involved.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To understand these nuances, it’s helpful to think about social boundaries. In Japanese, people often distinguish between those who are part of their in-group (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") and those outside it (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"). The choice of verb changes depending on whether the giver or receiver is within your in-group. To use the Japanese terminology, we’ll mark the speaker as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[!じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"self\"\n }), \". \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nSo, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means that the verb can be used when the speaker (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") gives something to someone within their \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see here, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もらう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used for anyone, no matter in what direction the action goes.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Verb\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Direction of the action\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あげる[,あげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くれる[,くれる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">外[そと]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">内[うち]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もらう[,もらう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Anyone → Anyone\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As opposed to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あげる[,あげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くれる[,呉れる*くれる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", when using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もらう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" the subject is the person receiving something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友達[ともだち] に 勇気[ゆうき] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">もら[,もらう]った\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I received courage from my friend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.119-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"父[ちち] に 古[ふる,ふるい]い 時計[とけい] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">もら[,もらう]った\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I received an old watch from my father.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.119-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Notice how the particles are used; the recipient is marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", while the giver is marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> もらう[,もらう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" translates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"receiving the benefit of \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \", where \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is a verb in the て-form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友達[ともだち] に 荷物[にもつ] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">運[はこ,はこぶ]んで もらっ[,もらう]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I had my friend carry my luggage for me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.119-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"駅員[えきいん] さん に 道[みち] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">教[おし,おしえる]えて もらっ[,もらう]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I had the station staff tell me the way.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.119-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you’ve already seen in this lesson, with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もらう[,もらう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the giver is usually marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". But as an alternative, the giver can also be marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"!\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The difference between them is subtle: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" suggests direct contact with the giver, while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" simply indicates the source.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the giver is something like a company or the government rather than a person, it’s usually better to think of them as just the source of what you received, not a direct contact. In these cases, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is more appropriate.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"会社[かいしゃ] から 手紙[てがみ] を もら[,もらう]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) received a letter from the company.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + もらう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"買[か,かう]って もらう[,もらう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"TargetはGiverにObjectをもらう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 先生[せんせい] に テスト の 結果[けっか] を もらう[,もらう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"TargetはGiverに(Objectを)Verb-て-Form もらう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 先生[せんせい] に テスト の 結果[けっか] を 見[み,みる]て もらう[,もらう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[2113,2115,2117,2202,2246],{"id":2219,"title":2220,"mod":2221,"grammarPoint":2222,"grammarPointTitle":2223,"grammarPointDescription":2224,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2225,"similarGrammarPoints":2226,"tags":2247,"content":2228,"dependentGrammarPoints":2229,"language":22},[52,21,591,141],{"id":2249,"title":2250,"mod":2251,"grammarPoint":2252,"grammarPointTitle":2253,"grammarPointDescription":2254,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2255,"similarGrammarPoints":2256,"tags":2257,"content":2258,"dependentGrammarPoints":2259,"language":22,"similarPoints":2260,"prereqPoints":2261},20463397960061,"「要る・いる」Expess that something is needed",1769136987831,"iru-necessity","[JLPT N5] 「要る・いる」 (iru) | \"To Require Something\" | Japanese Grammar","要る, often written as いる, is a verb that means something is nceessary. In such sentences, the thing needed will be marked with が. Click to see example sentences.",[1136],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「要る・いる」Expess that something is needed\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"If you're ever in need of some funds, this new verb will come in handy. Let's just hope that your employer will listen.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The u-verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[!い,要る*いる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to need\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to require.\"\n }), \" It is important to note that the person\u002Fthing needing something is marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" while the thing required is marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"遠[とお,とおい]く まで 行[い,いく]く なら 車[くるま] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">要[い,いる]る\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you go far, you need a car.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.120-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供達[こどもたち] は ご飯[ごはん] が たくさん \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">いる[,要る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Children need lots of food.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.120-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 仕事[しごと] は 経験[けいけん] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">要[い,いる]る\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This job needs experience.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.120-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Sometimes, the person\u002Fthing needing something may be marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 手続[てつづ]き に は 印鑑[いんかん] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">要[い,いる]る\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This procedure requires a seal (inkan).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.120-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Since \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,要る*いる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a u-verb, its conjugations are as follows.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Positive\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Plain\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]らない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Past\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]った\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]らなかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Polite\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]ります\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]りません\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Past-Polite\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]りました\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]りません でした\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"て-Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]って\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]らなくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Potential\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]れる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]れない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Passive\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]られない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Causative\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]らせる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]らせない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Causative-Passive\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]らせられる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]らせられない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Imperative\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]れ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"要[い,いる]るな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"RequirerはRequired-Objectが要る\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 車[くるま] が 要[い,要る*いる]る\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[2262],{"id":1136,"title":1137,"mod":1138,"grammarPoint":1139,"grammarPointTitle":1140,"grammarPointDescription":1141,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1142,"similarGrammarPoints":1143,"tags":2263,"content":1145,"dependentGrammarPoints":1146,"language":22},[27,21,591],{"id":2265,"title":2266,"mod":2267,"grammarPoint":2268,"grammarPointTitle":2269,"grammarPointDescription":2270,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2271,"similarGrammarPoints":2272,"tags":2273,"content":2279,"dependentGrammarPoints":2280,"language":22,"similarPoints":2281,"prereqPoints":2282},20463397960062,"「ようだ」\"Something seems like\"",1769068543005,"youda-something-seems-like","[JLPT N4] 「ようだ」 (youda) | \"Something seems to be...\" | Japanese Grammar","The structure ようだ is an evidentiality marker—it indicates that something seems to be the case, and you think this because of a first-hand experience.",[191,399,80,1632],[],[1034,17,2274],{"id":2275,"title":2276,"description":2277,"slug":2278,"language":22},"1744427474446","よう Series","Lesson uses よう in some way","japanese-you-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ようだ」\\\"Something seems like\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Looks like, seems, appears\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is one of a group of words that all fall under the umbrella of conjecture based on information one has heard \", _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"👂\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f442.png\"\n }), \" or seen \", _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"👀\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f440.png\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The basic meaning of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よう だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is that the speaker expresses that something \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"seems like\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"appears\"\n }), \" to be something, based on typically visual \", _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"👀\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f440.png\"\n }), \" information.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"バス は もう 出発[しゅっぱつ] し[,為る*する]た \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">よう だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It seems the bus has already departed.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.121-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"父[ちち] が 今[いま]、仕事[しごと] に 行[い,いく]った \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">よう だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) father has just gone to work it seems.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.121-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は もう 帰[かえ,かえる]った \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">よう だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It seems he has already gone home.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.121-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"However, the information doesn't necessarily have to be factual. So, it can also be used to mean that something appears to be something else, when in fact it is not.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この スープ は お湯[おゆ] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">よう だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。味[あじ] が し[,為る*する]ない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This soup is like hot water. 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is useful to understand what distinguishes them.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The main determining factors in their use is their distance, certainty, and source.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"What do we mean by \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Distance\"\n }), \"? 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Consequently, you make the following assumption:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 店[みせ] は つぶれる[,つぶれる] よう だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It seems that this store is closing down.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You have direct contact with the store, possess a fair amount of certainty, and observe visually what is taking place, so \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よう だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" makes sense.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"■\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"そうだ\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's now suppose that you watched the weather channel this morning, met with your friend, and now want to convey that information to your friend. You could say:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"明日[あした] は 雨[あめ] が 降[ふ,ふる]る そう だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I heard it's supposed to rain tomorrow.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"We are repeating without alteration second-hand information (indirect), we view the news as reliable (high certainty), and we sourced the information from our ears, so \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そう だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is apt.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"■\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"らしい\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You heard a rumor that one of the employees is about to quit the company, and you tell a friend about it:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] さん は 会社[かいしゃ] を やめる[,止める*やめる] らしい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mr. Tanaka apparently will quit his job.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You got this information from someone else (indirect), it was a rumor (uncertain), and you heard it from someone (source), so \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"らしい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" works.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1946,454,416,2283],{"id":1632,"title":1633,"mod":1634,"grammarPoint":1635,"grammarPointTitle":1636,"grammarPointDescription":1637,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1638,"similarGrammarPoints":1639,"tags":2284,"content":1641,"dependentGrammarPoints":1642,"language":22},[27,21],{"id":2286,"title":2287,"mod":2288,"grammarPoint":2289,"grammarPointTitle":2290,"grammarPointDescription":2291,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2292,"similarGrammarPoints":2293,"tags":2294,"content":2300,"dependentGrammarPoints":2301,"language":22,"similarPoints":2302,"prereqPoints":2303},20463397960063,"「そうだ」Express an indirect source of information",1769068577406,"souda-you-heard-something","[JLPT N3] 「そうだ」 (souda) | \"I heard that...\" | Japanese Grammar","The structure そうだ is an evidentiality marker—it indicates that something seems to be the case, and you think this because you heard that it is the case. ",[58,399,80,1632],[],[1054,17,2295],{"id":2296,"title":2297,"description":2298,"slug":2299,"language":22},"1744427765962","そう Series","Lesson uses そう in some way","japanese-sou-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「そうだ」Express an indirect source of information\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"People say that, it is said that, I hear that\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"With \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そう だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", instead of using visual information, we're using information that you've heard \", _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"👂\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f442.png\"\n }), \". This should be easy to differentiate from \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よう だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which we learned in the last lesson.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It's important to note that the information conveyed is not altered, so there is no interpretation from the speaker involved!\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] さん は もう 結婚[けっこん] し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">そう だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I hear Mr. Tanaka is already married.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.122-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"その 町[まち] は 冬[ふゆ] に なる[,成る*なる] と 雪[ゆき] が 多[おお,おおい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">そう だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I hear that town gets a lot of snow in winter.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.122-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あの 映画[えいが] は とても 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[\"What do we mean by \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Distance\"\n }), \"? Let's take the example of a cake. When you observe a cake up close, you are able to get a mix of sensory data from its color and shape, to its smell.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In contrast, when you merely see the cake in a showcase at a store, on TV, in a photo, or when hearing about the cake from someone else, you can say that you are a little further removed from the experience of the cake. The former is a situation of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"direct\"\n }), \" information acquisition, while the latter is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"indirect\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Distance\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Certainty\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Source\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Notes\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ようだ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Indirect・Direct\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"More certain first hand information\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"👀\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f440.png\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Used when judging something from what you are seeing\u002Fexperiencing and telling how it is now.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"らしい\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Somewhat indirect\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Uncertain information\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"👂\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f442.png\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"More frequently used when sources are unclear, and the information is more unreliable.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"そうだ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Somewhat indirect\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Certain information\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"👂\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f442.png\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Reliable information that is delivered, without altering it.\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To make all of this a bit easier to understand, let's look at a more concrete example for each of these three.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"■\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"ようだ\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You're in a store watching the employees packing away goods and putting up \\\"Sale!\\\" signs. Consequently, you make the following assumption:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 店[みせ] は つぶれる[,つぶれる] よう だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It seems that this store is closing down.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You have direct contact with the store, possess a fair amount of certainty, and observe visually what is taking place, so \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よう だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" makes sense.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"■\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"そうだ\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's now suppose that you watched the weather channel this morning, met with your friend, and now want to convey that information to your friend. You could say:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"明日[あした] は 雨[あめ] が 降[ふ,ふる]る そう だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I heard it's supposed to rain tomorrow.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"We are repeating without alteration second-hand information (indirect), we view the news as reliable (high certainty), and we sourced the information from our ears, so \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そう だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is apt.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"■\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"らしい\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You heard a rumor that one of the employees is about to quit the company, and you tell a friend about it:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] さん は 会社[かいしゃ] を やめる[,止める*やめる] らしい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mr. Tanaka apparently will quit his job.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You got this information from someone else (indirect), it was a rumor (uncertain), and you heard it from someone (source), so \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"らしい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" works.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[125,454,416,2283],{"id":2305,"title":2306,"mod":2307,"grammarPoint":2308,"grammarPointTitle":2309,"grammarPointDescription":2310,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2311,"similarGrammarPoints":2312,"tags":2313,"content":2314,"dependentGrammarPoints":2315,"language":22,"similarPoints":2316,"prereqPoints":2317},20463397960064,"「らしい」Make a conjecture",1756455296262,"rashii-make-conjecture","[JLPT N4] 「らしい」 (rashii) | Potentially Uncertain Conjecture | Japanese Grammar","らしい is similar to そうだ in that it translates to \"I heard that...\" The difference is that, with らしい, the speaker isn't sure if the source is accurate.",[399,80,1632],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「らしい」Make a conjecture\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"I heard, apparently, seems\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"らしい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is one of the three words used to convey conjecture based on something you’ve heard \", _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"👂\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f442.png\"\n }), \" or seen \", _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"👀\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f440.png\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It’s similar to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そうだ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in that it can be used to pass on hearsay, but unlike \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そうだ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", hearsay expressed with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"らしい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" carries a sense of uncertainty. In other words, the speaker isn’t completely sure if the information is correct. This makes it a good choice when talking about things like rumors.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"らしい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used when the speaker makes a conjecture based on information one heard that is uncertain.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 映画[えいが] は 実話[じつわ] を もと[,元*もと] に 作[つく,つくる]られた \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">らしい\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It seems this movie was made based on a true story.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.123-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 店[みせ] は もう すぐ 閉店[へいてん] する[,為る*する] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">らしい\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It seems this store will be closing soon.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.123-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"山田[!やまだ] さん は 英語[えいご] が とても 上手[じょうず] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">らしい\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It seems Yamada-san is very good at English.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.123-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Additionally, we can use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"らしい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to express similarity between two things.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 男[おとこ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">らしい\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He is manly.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.123-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">らし[,らしい]く ない[,無い*ない]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 話し方[はなしかた] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"An unchildlike way of speaking.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.123-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 冬[ふゆ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">らし[,らしい]く ない[,無い*ない]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 暖[あたた,あたたかい]かさ だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Today’s warmth is not like winter.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.123-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see in the second and third examples, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"らしい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" behaves like an い-adjective, and it can be negated and used to describe a noun, just like other い-adjectives.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + らしい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる らしい・食[た,たべる]べた らしい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + らしい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い らしい・高[たか,たかい]かった らしい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + らしい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か らしい・静[しず]か だった らしい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + らしい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] らしい・学生[がくせい] だった らしい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiMigachuToggle, {\n text: \"Advanced Content\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsxs(UiCardItem, {\n 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x2=\\\"61.676\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".008\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".585\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003ClinearGradient id=\\\"Diamond_svg__g\\\" x1=\\\"52.269\\\" x2=\\\"80.492\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF0\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".583\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Since there are several expressions of this kind, it is useful to understand what distinguishes them.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The main determining factors in their use is their distance, certainty, and source.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"What do we mean by \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Distance\"\n }), \"? Let's take the example of a cake. When you observe a cake up close, you are able to get a mix of sensory data from its color and shape, to its smell.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In contrast, when you merely see the cake in a showcase at a store, on TV, in a photo, or when hearing about the cake from someone else, you can say that you are a little further removed from the experience of the cake. The former is a situation of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"direct\"\n }), \" information acquisition, while the latter is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"indirect\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Distance\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Certainty\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Source\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Notes\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ようだ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Indirect・Direct\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"More certain first hand information\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"👀\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f440.png\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Used when judging something from what you are seeing\u002Fexperiencing and telling how it is now.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"らしい\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Somewhat indirect\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Uncertain information\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"👂\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f442.png\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"More frequently used when sources are unclear, and the information is more unreliable.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"そうだ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Somewhat indirect\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Certain information\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"👂\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f442.png\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Reliable information that is delivered, without altering it.\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To make all of this a bit easier to understand, let's look at a more concrete example for each of these three.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"■\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"ようだ\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You're in a store watching the employees packing away goods and putting up \\\"Sale!\\\" signs. Consequently, you make the following assumption:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 店[みせ] は つぶれる[,つぶれる] よう だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It seems that this store is closing down.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You have direct contact with the store, possess a fair amount of certainty, and observe visually what is taking place, so \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よう だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" makes sense.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"■\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"そうだ\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's now suppose that you watched the weather channel this morning, met with your friend, and now want to convey that information to your friend. You could say:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"明日[あした] は 雨[あめ] が 降[ふ,ふる]る そう だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I heard it's supposed to rain tomorrow.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"We are repeating without alteration second-hand information (indirect), we view the news as reliable (high certainty), and we sourced the information from our ears, so \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そう だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is apt.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"■\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"らしい\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You heard a rumor that one of the employees is about to quit the company, and you tell a friend about it:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] さん は 会社[かいしゃ] を やめる[,止める*やめる] らしい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mr. Tanaka apparently will quit his job.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You got this information from someone else (indirect), it was a rumor (uncertain), and you heard it from someone (source), so \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"らしい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" works.\\nBut remember, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"らしい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has other uses as well, as seen in point \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"2\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[454,416,2283],{"id":1071,"title":1079,"mod":1080,"grammarPoint":1081,"grammarPointTitle":1082,"grammarPointDescription":1083,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1084,"similarGrammarPoints":1087,"tags":2319,"content":1089,"dependentGrammarPoints":1090,"language":22,"similarPoints":2320,"prereqPoints":2321},[1034,17,468],[],[1824,1826,1828,1766,1795],{"id":2323,"title":2324,"mod":2325,"grammarPoint":2326,"grammarPointTitle":2327,"grammarPointDescription":2328,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2329,"similarGrammarPoints":2330,"tags":2331,"content":2332,"dependentGrammarPoints":2333,"language":22,"similarPoints":2334,"prereqPoints":2335},20463397960066,"「だったら」\"If that is the case\"",1769137086307,"dattara-if-thats-the-case","[JLPT N4] 「だったら」 (dattara) | \"If That's The Case\" | Japanese Grammar","だったら means the same thing as ~たら, but rather than modifying an individual verb, it takes the previous statement as a condition for what is about to be said.",[1071],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「だったら」\\\"If that is the case\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"In that case\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used at the beginning of a sentence \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だったら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in that case\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if that is true\"\n }), \". It is used to indicate a logical conclusion based on the information provided and indicates a conditional relationship. It is often used in conversation to indicate a response or reaction to a previous statement.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：お腹[おなか] す[,空く*すく]いた な 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だったら\u003C\u002Fstrong> ラーメン 食[た,たべる]べ に 行[い,いく]こう ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: I'm hungry. \u003Cbr> B: In that case, let's go eat ramen!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.125-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：この 映画[えいが]、すご[,すごい]く 面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]い らしい よ 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だったら\u003C\u002Fstrong> 観[み,みる] に 行[い,いく]こう よ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: I heard this movie is really good. \u003Cbr> B: In that case, let's go watch it!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.125-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：駅[えき] まで 30分[さんじゅっぷん,分*ふん] かかる[] よ 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だったら\u003C\u002Fstrong> 早[はや,はやい]く 出発[しゅっぱつ] し[,為る*する]なきゃ。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: It takes 30 minutes to get to the station. \u003Cbr> B: In that case, we’d better leave early.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.125-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それなら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それでは\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are synonyms of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だったら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"だったら、Sentence\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"だったら、私[わたし] が 手伝[てつだ,てつだう]う よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1078],{"id":2337,"title":2338,"mod":2339,"grammarPoint":2340,"grammarPointTitle":2341,"grammarPointDescription":2342,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2343,"similarGrammarPoints":2344,"tags":2345,"content":2346,"dependentGrammarPoints":2347,"language":22,"similarPoints":2348,"prereqPoints":2349},20463397960067,"「もし」Add uncertainty to a statement",1769068611561,"moshi-add-uncertainty","[JLPT N4] 「もし」 (moshi) | \"If It Really Is the Case That...\" | Japanese Grammar","もし is another Japanese word for \"If\". Add it directly to an existing statement to add a bit of uncertaintty to that statement. もしも is a stronger version of もし.",[1071,1072,1073],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「もし」Add uncertainty to a statement\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"If\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もし\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is another word in Japanese that has a similar meaning to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if\"\n }), \". However, unlike \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～たら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もし\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used in combination with other constructs that convey the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"when\"\n }), \". What \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もし\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" does is introduce a level of uncertainty.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">もし\u003C\u002Fstrong> 雨[あめ] が 降[ふ,ふる]ったら、傘[かさ] を 持[も,もつ]って 行[い,いく]き なさい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If it rains, take an umbrella.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.126-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">もし\u003C\u002Fstrong> 時間[じかん] が あ[,有る*ある]れば、一緒[いっしょ] に 映画[えいが] を 見[み,みる] に 行[い,いく]こう 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you have time, let’s go see a movie together.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.126-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">もし\u003C\u002Fstrong> お金[おかね] が 足[た,たりる]りなかったら、僕[ぼく] が 貸[か,かす]して あげる[,あげる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you don’t have enough money, I’ll lend you some.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.126-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As mentioned before, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もし\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" adds a sense of uncertainty to the sentence, but if you drop it, the sentence still makes perfect sense. The inclusion of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もし\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" creates a feeling similar to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if it really is the case that\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There is also a stronger version of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もし\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もしも\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This is used to predict something that should not happen.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"もしConditionたらAction\u002FOccurrence\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"もし 雨[あめ] が 降[ふ,ふる]ったら、家[いえ] に いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1078,1091,1102],{"id":699,"title":2351,"mod":2352,"grammarPoint":2353,"grammarPointTitle":2354,"grammarPointDescription":2355,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2356,"similarGrammarPoints":2357,"tags":2358,"content":2359,"dependentGrammarPoints":2360,"language":22,"similarPoints":2361,"prereqPoints":2362},"「し」Express “and\" more emphatically",1769068622521,"shi-express-and-more-emphatically","[JLPT N4] 「し」 (shi) | Emphatically State a Reason | Japanese Grammar","し can be combined with each part of speech to list reasons for doing something or the qualities that something possesses. It often feels emphatic in nature.",[58,399,80],[],[1034,17,137],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「し」Express “and\\\" more emphatically\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"And, What's more\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a particle that can be used to connect parts of a sentence. In this way, it’s similar to the て-form. In \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> し \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it links \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \", and is most often used to list a number of reasons. In many cases, it can simply be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"and\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It can be attached to the end of adjectives, nouns, or verbs. However, it is important to note that when attaching to な-adjectives or nouns, you must add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" before it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう] は 雨[あめ] も 降[ふ,ふる]った \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し\u003C\u002Fstrong>、風[かぜ] も 強[つよ,つよい]かった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It rained yesterday, and it was also very windy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.127-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 店[みせ] は 安[やす,やすい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し\u003C\u002Fstrong>、料理[りょうり] も 美味[おい,おいしい]しい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This restaurant is cheap, and the food is delicious too.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.127-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 町[まち] は 静[しず]か だ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し\u003C\u002Fstrong>、人[ひと] も 親切[しんせつ] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This town is quiet, and the people are kind too.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.127-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In addition, this construct can also be used to list multiple qualities or attributes that a person or thing possesses, as demonstrated in the following example:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"僕[ぼく] は 金[かね] は ある[,有る*ある] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し\u003C\u002Fstrong>、頭[あたま] も いい[,良い*いい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し\u003C\u002Fstrong>、顔[かお] も いい[,良い*いい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し\u003C\u002Fstrong>、背[せ] も 高[たか,たかい]い から 自信[じしん] が ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I have money, I’m smart, I’m good-looking, and I’m tall, so I’m confident.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.127-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It's worth noting that if the sentence ends with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it can weaken the sentence and imply that there is more.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One important thing to note is that the reasons you list should be roughly equal in importance. That’s why sentences where one reason outweighs another aren’t really a good fit for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう] は 曇[くも,くもる]って た し、お父さん も 亡[な,亡くなる*なくなる]なく なった し、悲[かな,かなしい]しい な。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yesterday it was cloudy, and my father passed away, so I feel sad.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In this example, both the fact that it was cloudy and that the father died contributed to the speaker’s sadness. But clearly, one reason far outweighs the other, which is why this sentence feels pretty weird.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + し\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる し・食[た,たべる]べた し\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + し\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い し・高[たか,たかい]かった し\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + だし\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か だ し・静[しず]か だった し\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + だし\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] だ し・学生[がくせい] だった し\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Property1し、Property2し、...\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"かっこいい[,かっこいい] し、優[やさ,やさしい]しい し、金持ち[かねもち] だ し...\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[125,454,416],{"id":700,"title":2364,"mod":2365,"grammarPoint":2366,"grammarPointTitle":2367,"grammarPointDescription":2368,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2369,"similarGrammarPoints":2370,"tags":2371,"content":2372,"dependentGrammarPoints":2373,"language":22,"similarPoints":2374,"prereqPoints":2386},"「たり」Create an inexhaustive list of actions or states",1756456703478,"tari-create-inexhaustive-list-actions-states","[JLPT N5] 「たり」 (tari) | \"Things Like X and Y\" | Japanese Grammar","たり can combine with every part of speech to construct a non-exhaustive list. Use it to say that you did (or something is) X and Y, perhaps among other things. ",[],[701,669],[23,17,137],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「たり」Create an inexhaustive list of actions or states\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Doing things like～\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The construct \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～たり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used to form a non-exhaustive or incomplete list of items. It can be attached to verbs, adjectives and nouns, with a meaning similar to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"and the like\"\n }), \". This also means that at times there may be unstated actions or states that are simply implied.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The general structure of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> たり、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> たり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"things like \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> and \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" is usually followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" regardless of the part of speech of \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \". The tense of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also what determines the tense of the whole.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, similar to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～たら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you can just attach り to the past form of a verb or い-adjective to create this construction.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For verbs and い-adjectives, just change them to their past form and add り.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"週末[しゅうまつ] は 映画[えいが] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">見[み,みる]たり\u003C\u002Fstrong>、本[ほん] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">読[よ,よむ]んだり\u003C\u002Fstrong> し[,為る*する]て 過[す,すごす]ごす 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"On weekends, I spend my time watching movies and reading books.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.128-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 時々[ときどき] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">優[やさ,やさしい]しかったり\u003C\u002Fstrong>、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">冷[つめ,つめたい]たかったり\u003C\u002Fstrong> する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He is sometimes kind, sometimes cold.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.128-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Even though \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used, you don't need to think of something being done, for example, in the case of adjectives, it just forms a list.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For nouns or な-adjectives, simply attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だったり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] の 趣味[しゅみ] は 映画[えいが] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だったり\u003C\u002Fstrong> 音楽[おんがく] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だったり\u003C\u002Fstrong> する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"His hobbies are things like movies and music.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.128-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 町[まち] は 静[しず]か \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だったり\u003C\u002Fstrong> 賑[にぎ]やか \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だったり\u003C\u002Fstrong> する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This town is sometimes quiet, sometimes lively.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.128-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Sometimes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> たり、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> たり だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be found as well. This pattern is used when describing an inconstant state, as in \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it is \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> and \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Past + り\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べたり\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-Past + り\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]かったり\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + だったり\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か だったり\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + だったり\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] だったり\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Action1 + たり + Action2 + たりする\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"走[はし,はしる]ったり、泳[およ,およぐ]いだり する\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[2375,691],{"id":701,"title":2376,"mod":2377,"grammarPoint":2378,"grammarPointTitle":2379,"grammarPointDescription":2380,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2381,"similarGrammarPoints":2382,"tags":2383,"content":2384,"dependentGrammarPoints":2385,"language":22},"「とか」Make an inexhaustive list",1765769748073,"toka-make-inexhaustive-list","[JLPT N4] 「とか」 (toka) | Make an Inexhaustive List | Japanese Grammar","とか is used to list examples of actions or things in a casual, non-exhaustive way, like saying “pizza, bread, and stuff like that” in Japanese.",[],[668,699,700,669],[52,21,141],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「とか」Make an inexhaustive list\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"And like, or like\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are various ways to make a list in Japanese, and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"とか\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is yet another one. It is used to indicate an incomplete and non-exhaustive list of actions, items, or states.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Incomplete or non-exhaustive here means that the items listed are not all and there could be more. Similar to how one would say \\\"bread, milk, eggs and the like\\\" in English.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When used with a noun, it is simply attached to the noun.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"週末[しゅうまつ] は ピザ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">とか\u003C\u002Fstrong> パン \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">とか\u003C\u002Fstrong> 炭水化物[たんすいかぶつ] ばっかり 食[た,たべる]べちゃった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I ended up eating only carbs like pizza and bread over the weekend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.236-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Similar to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たり ～ たり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"とか\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used with verbs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"姉[あね] は 、走[はし,はしる]る \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">とか\u003C\u002Fstrong> 歩[ある,あるく]く \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">とか\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 運動[うんどう] は 全部[ぜんぶ] 嫌[きら]い だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) older sister dislikes all forms of exercise, like running and walking.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.236-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"An important difference between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"とか\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" used with verbs is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to list alternative states or actions, for which \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"とか\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" cannot be used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"韓国[かんこく] を 行ったり[いったり] 来たり[きたり] して いる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I have been back and forth to Korea.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.236-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + とか\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"歩[ある,あるく]く とか\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + とか\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] とか\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"SentenceとかSentenceとかする\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"テレビ を 見[み,みる]る とか 本[ほん] を 読[よ,よむ]む とか する[,する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":2388,"title":2389,"mod":2390,"grammarPoint":2391,"grammarPointTitle":2392,"grammarPointDescription":2393,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2394,"similarGrammarPoints":2395,"tags":2396,"content":2397,"dependentGrammarPoints":2398,"language":22,"similarPoints":2399,"prereqPoints":2400},20463397960070,"「あと」 (1) “After” or “behind\"",1769137086309,"ato-after","[JLPT N5] 「あと」 (ato) | \"After\" or \"Behind\" | Japanese Grammar","あと combines with verbs and nouns (as ~のあと) to expres s the notion of \"after\", whether temporally (did X after Y) or physically (X is behind Y).",[191,753,754,755],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「あと」 (1) “After” or “behind\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a noun that can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"after\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"behind\"\n }), \" depending on the context.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's look at some different structures it is used in.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The noun \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses that something is located behind or after something else when it follows a noun as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> の あと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" . The meaning here can both be in a physical, as well as a temporal sense.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">後[あと]\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 登場[とうじょう] し[,為る*する]た の は 優子[!ゆうこ] ちゃん だった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The one who appeared after me was Yuko-chan.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.129-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"会議[かいぎ] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">後[あと]\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 私[わたし] を 呼び止[よびと,よびとめる]めた の は 佐藤[!さとう] 部長[ぶちょう] だった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The one who stopped me after the meeting was Manager Sato.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.129-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It can also follow a verb in its past tense, in which case it will have strictly a temporal interpretation.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"宿題[しゅくだい] を 終[お,おわる]わった \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">後[あと]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、 公園[こうえん] へ 散歩[さんぽ] に 行[い,いく]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"After finishing my homework, I went for a walk in the park.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.129-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ご飯[ごはん] を 作[つく,つくる]った \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">後[あと]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、家族[かぞく] と 一緒[いっしょ] に 食[た,たべる]べた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"After cooking the meal, I ate with my family.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.129-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + あと\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"走[はし,はしる]って い[,行く*いく]く 後[あと]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Past + あと\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べた 後[あと]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + のあと\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] の 後[あと]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1946,1824,1826,1828],{"id":2402,"title":2403,"mod":2404,"grammarPoint":2405,"grammarPointTitle":2406,"grammarPointDescription":2407,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2408,"similarGrammarPoints":2409,"tags":2410,"content":2411,"dependentGrammarPoints":2412,"language":22,"similarPoints":2413,"prereqPoints":2414},20463397960071,"「あと」 (2) \"In addition\"",1769068671022,"ato-in-addition","[JLPT N5] 「あと」 (ato) | \"Also; In Addition; Oh, And...\" | Japanese Grammar","While usually meaning of \"after\", あと can also appear at the beginning of clauses. Here, it's introducing a bit of additional information about whatever was just said.",[2388],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「あと」 (2) \\\"In addition\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Also, in addition, oh and...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a noun that can be used in different structures, and the exact meaning depends on the sentence it is used in.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used at the beginning of a clause or sentence, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is typically used by the speaker to provide additional information or to express an afterthought in relation to the topic being discussed.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 数学[すうがく] の 天才[てんさい] だ 。\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あと\u003C\u002Fstrong>、ピアノ も 弾[ひ,ひく]ける 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He’s a genius at math. Also, he can play the piano.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.130-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] は 日本語[にほんご] が 上手[じょうず] だ 。\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あと\u003C\u002Fstrong>、英語[えいご] も ペラペラ だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She’s good at Japanese. Also, she’s fluent in English.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.130-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"兄[あに] は 運動[うんどう] が 得意[とくい] だ 。\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あと\u003C\u002Fstrong>、頭[あたま] も いい[,良い*いい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My older brother is good at sports. Also, he’s smart.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.130-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"あとSentence\u002FClause\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あと、料理[りょうり] を 買[か,かう]い に 行[い,いく]く\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[2415],{"id":2388,"title":2389,"mod":2390,"grammarPoint":2391,"grammarPointTitle":2392,"grammarPointDescription":2393,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2394,"similarGrammarPoints":2395,"tags":2416,"content":2397,"dependentGrammarPoints":2398,"language":22},[27,21],{"id":2418,"title":2419,"mod":2420,"grammarPoint":2421,"grammarPointTitle":2422,"grammarPointDescription":2423,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2424,"similarGrammarPoints":2425,"tags":2427,"content":2428,"dependentGrammarPoints":2429,"language":22,"similarPoints":2430,"prereqPoints":2443},20463397960072,"「あとで・に」”After...\"",1769137086310,"atode-ni-after-that","[JLPT N4] 「あとで・あとに」 (atode・atoni) | \"After that\" | Japanese Grammar","あとで and あとに are placed after nouns and past-tense verbs to say that something happens after these things. For example: 食べたあとで = After I ate",[753,754,755],[2426],20463397960079,[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiImage, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiImage) _missingMdxReference(\"UiImage\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「あとで・に」”After...\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The meaning of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと で・に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can simply be understood as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"after\"\n }), \", in a temporal sense.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Sentences that use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also often use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" instead. The meaning is largely the same, with only a small difference in their nuances, which we will go into at the end of this lesson.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To use it with verbs, attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと で・に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the past tense of the verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べた あと で\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"After I ate\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"宿題[しゅくだい] を 終[お,おわる]わった \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あと で\u003C\u002Fstrong>、カフェ に 寄[よ,よる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"After finishing my homework, I stopped by a café.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.131-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"アイスクリーム を 食[た,たべる]べた \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あと に\u003C\u002Fstrong> お腹[おなか] が 痛[いた,いたい]く な[,成る*なる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"After eating ice cream, I got a stomach ache.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.131-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When using it with nouns, insert \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in between.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"散歩[さんぽ] の あと で\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"After the walk\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"犬[いぬ] の 散歩[さんぽ] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あと で\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、英語[えいご] の 勉強[べんきょう] を し[,為る*する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"After walking the dog, (I) studied English. \u003Cbr> (Literally: after the dog's walk)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.131-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"雨[あめ] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あと に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 虹[にじ] が 出[だ,だす]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"After the rain, a rainbow appeared.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.131-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Both \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> あと に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", 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{\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～たら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used interchangeably, but only when used in a purely temporal sense, meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"after\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"when\"\n }), \". The hypothetical usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～たら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if\"\n }), \" is not possible with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"With \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", we now have three ways to express \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"after\"\n }), \", so we should talk about the differences between them.\\nThe first distinction we can make is between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"\u002F\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\\nBoth \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> あと \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> あと で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" generally express that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" takes place after \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \", without \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" necessarily having a relationship.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昼ご飯[ひるごはん] を 食[た,たべる]べた \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">あと で\u003C\u002Fstrong> お茶[おちゃ] を 飲[の,のむ]んだ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"After eating lunch, I drank tea.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In this example, there is no particular relationship between having eaten lunch and drinking tea, and it could simply be that tea happened to be served. Therefore, tea can be replaced with coffee, water, or something else.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> あと に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", on the other hand, implies that situation \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" and situation \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" are related, or that the situation that happens later is influenced by the situation that happened earlier.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"アイスクリーム を 食[た,たべる]べた \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">あと に\u003C\u002Fstrong> お腹[おなか] が 痛[いた,いたい]く な[,成る*なる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"After eating ice cream, I got a stomach ache.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" are related, as eating ice cream is related to the stomach ache.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now, let’s take a look at the difference between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used interchangeably in most cases. However, compared to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has a more distinct nuance, indicating that something happens after the completion of the previous event.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"仕事[しごと] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">あと\u003C\u002Fstrong>、一緒[いっしょ] に 飲[の,のむ]み に 行[い,いく]かない ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Want to grab a drink after work?\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"仕事[しごと] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">あと で\u003C\u002Fstrong>、一緒[いっしょ] に 飲[の,のむ]み に 行[い,いく]かない ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Want to grab a drink after work?\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The second example more clearly specifies the point in time after work has ended.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Since \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" explicitly indicates the time after the prior event has concluded, it gives a stronger impression that the first event is fully finished (i.e., after the whole event has ended).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another small difference is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" usually isn’t used with long-term ongoing actions or states. For example, the following sentence with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" sounds a bit off, since the second part of the sentence describes something that continues over a longer period.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"転職[てんしょく] し[,為る*する]た 後[あと] で、毎日[まいにち] 終電[しゅうでん] まで 仕事[しごと] を し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"After changing jobs, I’ve been working until the last train every day.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"So to summarize:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> 後[あと] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Suggests that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" are connected, or that what happens later (\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \") is influenced by what happened earlier (\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \").\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> 後[あと] で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Emphasizes the time after \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" has finished.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Gives a stronger sense that the first event is completely done before the next one happens.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> 後[あと] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" can describe something that continues over the long term, like an ongoing action or state.\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"An interesting side note: back in 2009, NHK ran an online survey asking people what kind of time frame they associate with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The question was: if someone says \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと で お 宅[たく] に 寄[よ,よる]ります ね\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"I’ll stop by your place later.\"\n }), \", would you expect them to come over later that same day, or could it also mean on another day? The blue line in the image below shows that most people take \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to mean the action will happen on the same day.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002Fあとで_meaning.webp\",\n alt: \"あとで usage\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[2431],{"id":2426,"title":2432,"mod":2433,"grammarPoint":2434,"grammarPointTitle":2435,"grammarPointDescription":2436,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2437,"similarGrammarPoints":2438,"tags":2440,"content":2441,"dependentGrammarPoints":2442,"language":22},"「てから」”Do X after Y\"",1769137086313,"tekara-doing-something-after-something-else","[JLPT N5] 「てから」 (tekara) | Doing Something After Something Else | Japanese Grammar","てから combines the て-form of a verb with から to show the order of events. It also gives a feeling that the first action needs to happen before the second one can take place.",[756,757,758],[1071,2418,2439],20463397960121,[27,21,1898],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「てから」”Do X after Y\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the て-form is combined with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the resulting construct can be used to express \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"after\"\n }), \". In the bonus section, we'll also discuss the difference between this and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which we cover in a different lesson.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> ～て から \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses a sequence, such as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"after doing \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, I did \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \". To form it, simply add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the て-form of any verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昼[ひる]ごはん を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べて から\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、散歩[さんぽ] に 行[い,いく]こう 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let’s go for a walk after eating lunch.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.138-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n 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So, although \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is definitely an action that occurred before \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \", there may or may not be a special relationship between them.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"手[て] を 洗[あら,あらう]った \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あと で\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、食[た,たべる]べる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"After washing your hands, eat.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"手[て] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">洗[あら,あらう]って から\u003C\u002Fstrong>、食[た,たべる]べる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"After washing your hands, eat.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[1824,1826,1828],{"id":2445,"title":2446,"mod":2420,"grammarPoint":2447,"grammarPointTitle":2448,"grammarPointDescription":2449,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2450,"similarGrammarPoints":2451,"tags":2452,"content":2453,"dependentGrammarPoints":2454,"language":22,"similarPoints":2455,"prereqPoints":2456},20463397960073,"「前に」”Before…\"","maeni-before-that","[JLPT N5] 「前に」 (maeni) | \"Before that\" | Japanese Grammar","前に is the inverse of あとで, used to say that one thing happens or is done before another thing. For example, 食べる前に = \"Before eating...\" Click to see example sentences.",[558,608],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「前に」”Before…\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Can also mean \\\"in front of\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"前[!まえ] に・で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to express \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in front of\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"before\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Both \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"前[まえ] に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"前[まえ] で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used, with some small differences between them, which we will go into at the end of this lesson.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Unlike \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", when using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"前[まえ] に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" after a verb, it must be in the non-past form. 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\"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"電車[でんしゃ] に 乗[の,のる]る \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">前[まえ] に\u003C\u002Fstrong>、切符[きっぷ] を 買[か,かう]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I bought a ticket before getting on the train.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.132-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When pairing \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"前[まえ] に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with nouns, the construct is the same, but we insert \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"テスト の 前[まえ] に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"before the test\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"テスト の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">前[まえ] に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、いっぱい 勉強[べんきょう] し[,為る*する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Before the test, (I) studied a lot.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.132-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昼ご飯[ひるごはん] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">前[まえ] に\u003C\u002Fstrong>、ジョギング を し[,為る*する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Before lunch, I went jogging.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.132-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"前[まえ] に・で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can not only be used in a temporal sense, but also in a physical sense.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学校の前にパン屋ができたらしい。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It seems a bakery opened in front of the school.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.132-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友達と駅の前で待ち合わせをした。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I arranged to meet my friend in front of the station.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.132-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this case, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" puts the target \", _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"🎯\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f3af.png\"\n }), \" on a location when talking in the physical sense, and marks the time when some action took place when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"前[まえ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used with a temporal meaning.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In some cases, you can use either で or に. When you use で, the focus is on the action. When you use に, the focus is on existence.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"So, when you're talking in a physical sense, the difference between the two is basically the same as the usual one between で and に.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"で marks the place where an action happens.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"に marks the place where something exists.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + 前に\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる 前[まえ] に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + の前に\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"勉強[べんきょう] の 前[まえ] に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Action1前にAction2\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"母[はは] が 怒[おこ,おこる]る 前[まえ] に、ゲーム を 止[や,やめる]めた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[620,2457],{"id":608,"title":609,"mod":610,"grammarPoint":611,"grammarPointTitle":612,"grammarPointDescription":613,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":614,"similarGrammarPoints":615,"tags":2458,"content":617,"dependentGrammarPoints":618,"language":22},[27,21,141,591],{"id":1202,"title":1229,"mod":1230,"grammarPoint":1231,"grammarPointTitle":1232,"grammarPointDescription":1233,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1234,"similarGrammarPoints":1235,"tags":2460,"content":1237,"dependentGrammarPoints":1238,"language":22,"similarPoints":2461,"prereqPoints":2462},[23,17],[],[1347,1349,1351,1824,1826,1828],{"id":2464,"title":2465,"mod":2466,"grammarPoint":2467,"grammarPointTitle":2468,"grammarPointDescription":2469,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2470,"similarGrammarPoints":2471,"tags":2473,"content":2474,"dependentGrammarPoints":2475,"language":22,"similarPoints":2476,"prereqPoints":2491},20463397960075,"「たらどう」\"how about doing X?\"",1769236934536,"taradou-how-about","[JLPT N4] 「たらどう」 (taradou) | \"How about doing...\" | Japanese Grammar","~たら roughly means \"if\" and どう means \"how about\". When you combine them into ~たらどう, you get \"how about trying X?\" and suggest the listener do or try something.",[1071],[2472],20463397960310,[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「たらどう」\\\"how about doing X?\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たらどう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to make a suggestion along the lines of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"how about doing \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what if you did \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\"\n }), \". Directly, it can also be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"when \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, how about that?\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"少[すこ]し \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">休[やす,やすむ]んだら どう\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why don’t you take a little rest?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.134-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"運動不足[うんどうぶそく] なら 、 ジョギング \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]たら どう\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you’re lacking exercise, why don’t you go jogging?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.134-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To make this expression more polite, you can simply add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"です か ？\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" at the end.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本語[にほんご] の 本[ほん] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">読[よ,よむ]んだら どう\u003C\u002Fstrong> です か ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why don’t you try reading a Japanese book?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.134-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also sometimes used on its own, with the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" being implied.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べたら\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How about (you) eat?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.13-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どう[;a]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used in combination with the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ば\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"-form of verbs which we will introduce later, so don't worry about it now.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Past + らどう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"行[ゆ,ゆく;h]ったら どう[;a]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[2477],{"id":2472,"title":2478,"mod":2479,"grammarPoint":2480,"grammarPointTitle":2481,"grammarPointDescription":2482,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2483,"similarGrammarPoints":2484,"tags":2488,"content":2489,"dependentGrammarPoints":2490,"language":22},"「たらどうですか」Suggest that something be done",1769249699369,"taradoudesuka-suggest-something","[JLPT N4] 「たらどうですか」 (taradoudesuka) | Suggest That Something Be Done | Japanese Grammar","Suggests actions or advice using 〜たらどうですか to mean “how about doing X?”, with formal and informal variations for different tones.",[1071],[2464,2485,2486,2487],20463397960205,20463397960206,20463397960207,[52,21,96],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「たらどうですか」Suggest that something be done\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"What about doing X\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This construction can be used to suggest something to someone. It is simply a combination of the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"-form of a verb, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and a polite question with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"です か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The construct \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> たら どう です か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"how about doing \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"掃除[そうじ] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">手伝[てつだ,てつだう]ったら どう です か\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why don’t you help with the cleaning?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.369-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"少[すこ]し は 、日本[にほん] の 歴史[れきし] に も 興味[きょうみ] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">持[も,もつ]ったら どう です か\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How about (you) take a little interest in Japanese history?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.369-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you wanted to make this expression more informal, you could just use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たら どう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or even shorter \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with the rest being implied.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あんた も 、人[ひと] に あんた の 部屋[へや] の 整理[せいり] さ[,する]せてないで 、早[はや,はやい]く 手伝[てつだ,てつだう]ったら ？！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How about you also hurry up and help out instead of making others clean your room?\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you wanted to be more polite, you could use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たら どう でしょう か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いかが でしょう か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[1078],{"id":2493,"title":2494,"mod":2495,"grammarPoint":2496,"grammarPointTitle":2497,"grammarPointDescription":2498,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2499,"similarGrammarPoints":2500,"tags":2504,"content":2505,"dependentGrammarPoints":2506,"language":22,"similarPoints":2507,"prereqPoints":2542},20463397960076,"「かもしれない」”Might\"",1769068748023,"kamoshirenai-might-happen","[JLPT N4] 「かもしれない」 (kamoshirenai) | Might happen | Japanese Grammar","かもしれない is placed at the end of the sentence to indicate that you think there is a chance something might happen. だろう・でしょう mean the same thing, but are more likely. ",[],[2501,2502,2503],20463397960077,20463397960301,20463397960315,[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「かもしれない」”Might\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"May, might, perhaps\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To express the idea that something \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"might\"\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"may\"\n }), \" happen, you can follow a statement with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かも しれない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"雨[あま] が 降[ふ,ふる]る \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">かもしれない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It might rain.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.135-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] は その 話[はなし] を 知[し,しる]らない \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">かもしれない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She might not know that story.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.135-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 料理[りょうり] は 辛[から,からい]すぎる \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">かもしれない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This dish might be too spicy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.135-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Besides \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かも しれない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", there are other ways to express probability. But out of all of them, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かも しれない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" shows the lowest level of probability.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Low Probability\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Higher Probability\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Certainty\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かも しれない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だろう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"・\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"でしょう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に 違[ちが]い ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In casual speech, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かも しれない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" often gets shortened to just \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かも\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + かもしれない\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる かも しれない・食[た,たべる]べた かも しれない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + かもしれない\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い かも しれない・高[たか,たかい]かった かも しれない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + かもしれない\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か かも しれない・静[しず]か だった かも しれない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + かもしれない\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] かも しれない・学生[がくせい] だった かも しれない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[2508,2520,2531],{"id":2501,"title":2509,"mod":2510,"grammarPoint":2511,"grammarPointTitle":2512,"grammarPointDescription":2513,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2514,"similarGrammarPoints":2515,"tags":2516,"content":2518,"dependentGrammarPoints":2519,"language":22},"「だろう(か)」Make an uninformed conjecture",1757308452326,"darou-will-probably-happen","[JLPT N5] 「だろう」 (darou) | \"Will Probably Happen\" | Japanese Grammar","だろう is placed at the end of a sentence to express what the speaker thinks will likely happen or is the case. It means the same thing as かもしれない, but is more certain.",[],[2493,2502],[27,21,2517],"japanese-darou-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「だろう(か)」Make an uninformed conjecture\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"I guess, I wonder\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だろう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a conjugated form of だ that’s used to make a conjecture. In other words, it can express something like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I wonder\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"probably\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The basic usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だろう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" involves simply attaching it to the end of a sentence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"明日[あした] は 雨[あめ] が 降[ふ,ふる]る \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だろう\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It will probably rain tomorrow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.136-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"父[ちち] は もう すぐ 帰[かえ,かえる]って くる[,来る*くる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だろう\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Dad will probably come home soon.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.136-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It can also be combined with the question marker \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to soften a question.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ]ら は 本当[ほんとう] の こと[,事*こと] を 知[し,しる]って いる[,居る*いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だろう か\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I wonder if they know the truth.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.136-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 道[みち] で 合[あ,あう]って いる[,居る*いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だろう か\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I wonder if this is the right road.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.136-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here’s a table of other words you can use to make a conjecture or express probability, listed from lowest to highest.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Low Probability\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Higher Probability\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Certainty\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かも しれない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だろう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"・\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"でしょう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に 違[ちが,ちがう]いない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In speech, when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だろう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" follows a word in its past tense, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～た だろう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is occasionally contracted to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～たろう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べた だろう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べたろう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Its pronuciation is also often shortened to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だろ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + だろう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる だろう・食[た,たべる]べた だろう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + だろう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い だろう・高[たか,たかい]かった だろう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + だろう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か だろう・静[しず]か だった だろう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + だろう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] だろう・学生[がくせい] だった だろう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":2502,"title":2521,"mod":2522,"grammarPoint":2523,"grammarPointTitle":2524,"grammarPointDescription":2525,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2526,"similarGrammarPoints":2527,"tags":2528,"content":2529,"dependentGrammarPoints":2530,"language":22},"「でしょう」Express relative certainty",1769249402219,"deshou-express-amount-certainty","[JLPT N5] 「でしょう」 (deshou) | Express Relative Certainty | Japanese Grammar","でしょう expresses probability, seeks agreement or confirmation, and shows sympathy—used in both formal and informal speech with a rising or flat intonation.",[],[2493,2501],[27,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「でしょう」Express relative certainty\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"It seems, I think, I guess, I wonder\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this formal article, we will be discussing the function of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"でしょう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is similar to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だろう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". However, unlike \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だろう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"でしょう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used in both formal and informal situations. Just like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だろう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it expresses a degree of certainty. When listening to the weather forecast in Japanese, you will often hear sentences using this construct, such as the example in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"1\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Basic usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"でしょう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \":\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 雨[あめ] が 降[ふ,ふる]って いる[,いる] から 、地面[じめん] が 滑[すべ,すべる]り やす[,やすい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">でしょう\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It is raining today, so the ground is probably slippery.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.360-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As the weather forecast is based on data, they have to be more certain, but can never be 100% and that is why \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"でしょう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is being used.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Another usage is to seek agreement from the listener.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：この 残[のこ,のこる]って いる[,いる] パン 、1個[いっこ,個*こ] 食[た,たべる]べて も 良[い,いい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">でしょう\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：もうすぐ 夕食[ゆうしょく] だ から 我慢[がまん] しな ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: It's ok if (I) eat one of these left over bread (rolls\u002Fsnacks), right? \u003Cbr> B: It's almost dinner, so be patient!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.360-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It can also be used to show sympathy with the listener.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"転[ころ,ころぶ]んだ の ？痛[いた,いたい]かった \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">でしょう\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？ そっち で 消毒[しょうどく] しよ[,する]う ね 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Did (you) fall? That must have hurt. Let's disinfect (your injury) over there.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.360-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Lastly, it can be used to seek verification from the listener.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：昨日[きのう] 、近所[きんじょ] で 有名[ゆうめい] な あの 化け物[ばけもの] 屋敷[やしき] に 行[い,いく]った \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">でしょう\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：えっ ？行[い,いく]ってない よ ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Yesterday, (you) went to that haunted house that's famous in the neighborhood, right? \u003Cbr> B: What? (I) didn't go.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.360-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There is a slight difference in pronunciation between the formal and informal settings. In a formal setting, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"でしょう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is pronounced with a flat intonation and drops after the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しょ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The informal variant is often pronounced shortened as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"でしょ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and with a rising intonation.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + でしょう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる でしょう ・ 食[た,たべる]べた でしょう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + でしょう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い でしょう ・ 高[たか,たかい]かった でしょう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + でしょう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静か[しずか] でしょう ・ 静か[しずか] だった でしょう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + でしょう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] でしょう ・ 学生[がくせい] だった でしょう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":2503,"title":2532,"mod":2533,"grammarPoint":2534,"grammarPointTitle":2535,"grammarPointDescription":2536,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2537,"similarGrammarPoints":2538,"tags":2539,"content":2540,"dependentGrammarPoints":2541,"language":22},"「もしかしたら」Express a possibility",1769249853285,"moshikashitara-express-chance","[JLPT N3] 「もしかしたら」 (moshikashitara) | Express a Possibility | Japanese Grammar","Expresses uncertainty or speculation using もしかしたら and かもしれない, with other variations like もしかして and ひょっとすると.",[2493],[],[83,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「もしかしたら」Express a possibility\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Perhaps, maybe\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もしかしたら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a way to express uncertainty or lack of confidence in one's judgement. It is often used in combination with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かもしれない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">もしか し[,する]たら\u003C\u002Fstrong> その 箱[はこ] に 、父[ちち] の 大切[たいせつ] な もの が 入[はい,はいる]って いる[,いる] かも しれない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There might be something precious to (my) father in that box maybe.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.374-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In addition to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かもしれない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it is also possible to end the sentence with a question.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あそこ で ダンス 踊[おど,おどる]って いる[,いる] 人[ひと] 、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">もしか し[,する]たら\u003C\u002Fstrong> 小松[!こまつ] 先生[せんせい] じゃない ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The person that's dancing over there, maybe it's Professor Komatshu no?\\\\\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.374-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Other ways to express uncertainty include \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もしかすると\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もしかして\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ひょっとすると\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Among them, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もしかして\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used the most frequently.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":2501,"title":2509,"mod":2510,"grammarPoint":2511,"grammarPointTitle":2512,"grammarPointDescription":2513,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2514,"similarGrammarPoints":2515,"tags":2544,"content":2518,"dependentGrammarPoints":2519,"language":22,"similarPoints":2549,"prereqPoints":2552},[23,17,2545],{"id":2546,"title":2547,"description":2548,"slug":2517,"language":22},"1744427852286","だろう Series","Lesson uses だろう in some way",[2550,2520],{"id":2493,"title":2494,"mod":2495,"grammarPoint":2496,"grammarPointTitle":2497,"grammarPointDescription":2498,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2499,"similarGrammarPoints":2500,"tags":2551,"content":2505,"dependentGrammarPoints":2506,"language":22},[52,21],[],{"id":2554,"title":2555,"mod":2556,"grammarPoint":2557,"grammarPointTitle":2558,"grammarPointDescription":2559,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2560,"similarGrammarPoints":2561,"tags":2562,"content":2563,"dependentGrammarPoints":2564,"language":22,"similarPoints":2565,"prereqPoints":2566},20463397960078,"「に違いない・にちがいない」State that there is no doubt about something",1769068768088,"nichigainai-show-there-no-doubt","[JLPT N3] 「に違いない」 (nichigainai) | \"There Is No Doubt That... | Japanese Grammar","に違いない is used at the end of a sentence to express that the speaker thinks something will certainly happen or is definitely the case.",[],[],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「に違いない・にちがいない」State that there is no doubt about something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"No doubt that, must be\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used in the structure \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 違[ちが,ちがう]いない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it indicates that there is no doubt that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is true. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nIt can be attached to verbs, adjectives, or nouns.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"雨[あめ] が 降[ふ,ふる]る \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に 違[ちが]い ない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It must be raining.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.137-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 映画[えいが] は 面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に 違[ちが]い ない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This movie must be interesting.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.137-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"その 説明[せつめい] は 不十分[ふじゅうぶん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に 違[ちが]い ない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That explanation must be insufficient.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.137-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 犯人[はんにん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に 違[ちが]い ない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He must be the culprit.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.137-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can probably remember this meaning rather easily if you keep the base meaning of the verb this construct comes from in mind. The verb is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"違[ちが,ちがう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"different\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"wrong\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"mistaken\"\n }), \". Given this construct is the negative form, you could translate it as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"not mistaken\"\n }), \" or closer to how it would be used in English \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"make no mistake\"\n }), \". Hope this little bridge helps.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Low Probability\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Higher Probability\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Certainty\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かもしれない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だろう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"・\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"でしょう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に 違[ちが]い ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To be pedantic, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"違[ちが,ちがう]いない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is not the negative form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"違[ちが,ちがう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but the verb in it's い-stem-form, followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない[,ない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The negative form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"違[ちが,ちがう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" would be \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"違[ちが,ちがう]わない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + に違いない\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる に 違[ちが,ちがう]いない・食[た,たべる]べた に 違[ちが,ちがう]いない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + に違いない\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い に 違[ちが,ちがう]いない・高[たか,たかい]かった に 違[ちが,ちがう]いない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + に違いない\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か に 違[ちが,ちがう]いない・静[しず]か だった に 違[ちが,ちがう]いない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + に違いない\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] に 違[ちが,ちがう]いない・学生[がくせい] だった に 違[ちが,ちがう]いない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":2426,"title":2432,"mod":2433,"grammarPoint":2434,"grammarPointTitle":2435,"grammarPointDescription":2436,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2437,"similarGrammarPoints":2438,"tags":2568,"content":2441,"dependentGrammarPoints":2442,"language":22,"similarPoints":2569,"prereqPoints":2585},[23,17,1998],[1078,2570,2572],{"id":2418,"title":2419,"mod":2420,"grammarPoint":2421,"grammarPointTitle":2422,"grammarPointDescription":2423,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2424,"similarGrammarPoints":2425,"tags":2571,"content":2428,"dependentGrammarPoints":2429,"language":22},[52,21],{"id":2439,"title":2573,"mod":2574,"grammarPoint":2575,"grammarPointTitle":2576,"grammarPointDescription":2577,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2578,"similarGrammarPoints":2580,"tags":2581,"content":2583,"dependentGrammarPoints":2584,"language":22},"「から」(2) Indicate a starting point",1763641179916,"kara-indicate-starting-point","[JLPT N5] 「から」 (kara) | Indicate a Starting Point | Japanese Grammar","Another usage of から, besides indicating the reason or cause of something, is that it can also mark a starting point in either a physical or a time-related sense.",[2579],20463397960118,[],[27,21,141,2582],"japanese-kara-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「から」(2) Indicate a starting point\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"From, since\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", besides indicating the reason or cause of something, is that it can also mark a starting point in either a physical or a time-related sense.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this context, it can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"from\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: 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\"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Chemistry class is from 2:30.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.180-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In spoken Japanese \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ここ[,此処*ここ] から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" often changes to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こっから\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as it is easier to pronounce.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Starting-Pointから\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"家[いえ] から ・ ２時[にじ,時*じ] ３０分[さんじゅっぷん,分*ふん] から\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[2113,2115,2117],{"id":2587,"title":2588,"mod":2589,"grammarPoint":2590,"grammarPointTitle":2591,"grammarPointDescription":2592,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2593,"similarGrammarPoints":2594,"tags":2595,"content":2596,"dependentGrammarPoints":2597,"language":22,"similarPoints":2598,"prereqPoints":2599},20463397960080,"「それから」\"And after that\"",1769137216815,"sorekara-and-after-that","[JLPT N5] 「それから」 (sorekara) | \"And After That...\" | Japanese Grammar","それから is used to connect two clauses with the meaning of \"and then\" or \"after that.\" It can also be used when you're trying to get more information from someone, similar to how you might say \"And then?\" in English.",[283,2439],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n 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I know, here we go again. Both can indicate the chronological order of events, but \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それから\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used for enumeration.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] さん は １時間[いちじかん,時間*じかん] 勉強[べんきょう] し[,為る*する]て、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">それから\u003C\u002Fstrong> １時間[いちじかん,時間*じかん] 本[ほん] を 読[よ,よむ]んだ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mr. Tanaka studied for an hour and, on top of that, read for an hour.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[300,2572],{"id":1880,"title":1890,"mod":1891,"grammarPoint":1892,"grammarPointTitle":1893,"grammarPointDescription":1894,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1895,"similarGrammarPoints":1896,"tags":2601,"content":1899,"dependentGrammarPoints":1900,"language":22,"similarPoints":2602,"prereqPoints":2603},[23,17,1998],[],[2113,2115,2117],{"id":2605,"title":2606,"mod":2607,"grammarPoint":2608,"grammarPointTitle":2609,"grammarPointDescription":2610,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2611,"similarGrammarPoints":2612,"tags":2613,"content":2619,"dependentGrammarPoints":2620,"language":22,"similarPoints":2621,"prereqPoints":2622},20463397960082,"「てる」(2) The casual form ている",1769137216816,"teiru-2-the-casual-past-form","[JLPT N5] 「てる」 (teru) | The Casual ている Form | Japanese Grammar","ている is just the て-form of a verb followed by いる. Besides its usual form as ている, there's also a more casual version that you’ll hear all the time: てる!",[756,757,758,1880],[],[23,17,2614,1998],{"id":2615,"title":2616,"description":2617,"slug":2618,"language":22},"1743600348125","Casual Speech","Grammar point taught is classified as casual speech","japanese-casual-speech","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「てる」(2) The casual form ている\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"eating → eatin'\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's discuss the informal form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"て いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and its conjugation.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べて いる[,居る*いる]　→　食[た,たべる]べて る[,居る*いる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Eating\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, in the informal form, the い is omitted. That's it.\\nBut how do we conjugate \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in this case? Fortunately, it is a ru-verb, so you can simply remove the る and attach whatever you need.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べて い[,居る*いる]て・食[た,たべる]べて て[,居る*いる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Eating\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べて い[,居る*いる]た・食[た,たべる]べて た[,居る*いる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Was eating\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べて い[,居る*いる]ない・食[た,たべる]べて な[,居る*いる]い\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Not Eating\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べて い[,居る*いる]なかった・食[た,たべる]べて な[,居る*いる]かった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Wasn't eating\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"駅前[えきまえ] で 友達[ともだち] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">待[ま,まつ]って る[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> から、早[はや,はやい]く 行[い,いく]かない と ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My friend is waiting at the station, so I need to hurry!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.141-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう] の 宿題[しゅくだい]、まだ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">や[,やる*やる]って ない[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I still haven’t done yesterday’s homework.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.141-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] の 頃[ころ] 、毎日[まいにち] 外[そと] で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">遊[あそ,あそぶ]んで た[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When I was a kid, I used to play outside every day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.141-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + る\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べて る[,居る*いる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[2113,2115,2117,1889],{"id":2624,"title":2625,"mod":2607,"grammarPoint":2626,"grammarPointTitle":2627,"grammarPointDescription":2628,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2629,"similarGrammarPoints":2630,"tags":2633,"content":2634,"dependentGrammarPoints":2635,"language":22,"similarPoints":2636,"prereqPoints":2663},20463397960083,"「てみる」Express that you’re trying to do something","temiru-trying-something","[JLPT N4] 「てみる」 (temiru) | Try Something Out | Japanese Grammar","てみる combines the て-form of a verb with the verb 見る, which means to see. Together they express the idea of trying something out in order to see how it is. You can think of it as meaning to make an attempt at doing something to find out what it’s like or what will happen.",[756,757,758],[2631,2632],20463397960232,20463397960233,[1034,17,1998],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「てみる」Express that you’re trying to do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the て-form of a verb is combined with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"み[,見る*みる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it expresses the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"try to do something\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"make an attempt at doing something to see what it is like or what will happen\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる　➝　食[た,たべる]べて みる[,見る*みる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"eat ➝ try to eat\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here is an example of the basic usage:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"母[はは] の 望[のぞ]み を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">聞[き,きく]いて み[,見る*みる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) tried asking (my) mother what she wanted. \u003Cbr> (Literally: asked my mother's wish)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.142-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 新[あたら,あたらしい]しい 靴[くつ] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">履[はい,はいる]いて みる[,見る*みる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will try putting on these new shoes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.142-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"富士山[ふじさん] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">登[のぼ,のぼる]って み[,見る*みる]たい\u003C\u002Fstrong> けど 、体力[たいりょく] に 自信[じしん] が ない[,ない] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to try climbing Mt. Fuji, but I’m not confident in my stamina.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.142-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + みる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"読[よ,よむ]んで み[,見る*みる]る\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[2637,2651],{"id":2631,"title":2638,"mod":2639,"grammarPoint":2640,"grammarPointTitle":2641,"grammarPointDescription":2642,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2643,"similarGrammarPoints":2647,"tags":2648,"content":2649,"dependentGrammarPoints":2650,"language":22},"「ようとする」Try to do something",1769233928470,"youtosuru-try-be-about-do-something","[JLPT N3] 「ようとする」 (youtosuru) | Try to Do Something | Japanese Grammar","Expresses effort or intention to do something using the volitional form + とする, often implying the action was attempted but not always completed.",[2644,2645,2646],20463397960216,20463397960217,20463397960218,[],[83,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ようとする」Try to do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Can also mean \\\"be about to do something\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be combined with the volitional form of a verb to indicate that someone is attempting to do something or is about to do something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is important to mention that the nuance here is that someone is putting in effort to achieve something. So \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> よう と する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses that one is putting in effort to try to achieve \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To form it, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is simply attached to the volitional form of a verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"登[のぼ,のぼる]ろう と する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Try to climb\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は ビル の 壁[かべ] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">登[のぼ,のぼる]ろう と し[,為る*する]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> けど、危[あぶ,あぶない]ない から や[,止める*やめる]めた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He tried to climb the wall of the building, but it was dangerous so he stopped.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.291-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"金曜日[きんようび] の 夜[よる] 、犬[いぬ] と 橋[はし] の 上[うえ] を 歩[ある,あるく]こう \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と し[,為る*する]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> けど 、急[きゅう] に 犬[いぬ] が 違[ちが,ちがう]う 道[みち] に 走[はし,はしる]って 行[い,いく]って しまった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Friday night (I) tried to walk on the bridge with (my) dog, but suddenly (my) dog ran off down a different road.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.291-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Volitional + とする\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n 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\"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Previously, we talked about using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て みる[,みる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to express the idea of trying something. So, what is the difference between the two structures? The main difference lies in their usage in the past tense.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"トム は 私[わたし] の シャツ を 着[き,きる]て み[,みる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tom tried on my shirt.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"トム は 私[わたし] の シャツ を 着[き,きる]よう と し[,為る*する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tom tried to put on my shirt.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In our first example Tom really tried on our shirt.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The second example expresses that he attempted to put it on, but wasn't able to or didn't actually do it.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Obviously, even when used in the present tense, there are different nuances.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て みる[,みる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" simply expresses that one tries something and can be roughly translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"do \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> and see how it is\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As initially mentioned, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> よう と する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses that one puts in effort in order to achieve \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":2632,"title":2652,"mod":2653,"grammarPoint":2654,"grammarPointTitle":2655,"grammarPointDescription":2656,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2657,"similarGrammarPoints":2659,"tags":2660,"content":2661,"dependentGrammarPoints":2662,"language":22},"「ようと思う」Decide or desire to do something",1769233928471,"youtoomou-decide-desire-do-something","[JLPT N4] 「ようと思う」 (youtoomou) | Decide Or Desire to Do Something | Japanese Grammar","Use the volitional form with と思う to express on-the-spot decisions or ongoing plans like “I think I’ll…” or “I’m thinking of…”.",[2644,2645,2646,2658],20463397960228,[],[52,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ようと思う」Decide or desire to do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Can also mean \\\"I think I'll...\\\"\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another construction that utilizes the volitional form of a verb is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> よう と 思[お,おもう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It expresses the idea that the speaker has decided or desires to do something. It could be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I think I will do \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Basic usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> よう と 思[おも,おもう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to express \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I think I will do \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今度[こんど] の 日曜日[にちようび] 、子供達[こどもたち] と 動物園[どうぶつえん] に 行[い,いく]こう \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と 思[おも,おもう]う\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。喜[よろこ,よろこぶ]ぶ か な ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) think (I'll) go to the zoo with (my) kids this next Sunday. I wonder if (they) will be happy?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.292-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Instead of using the dictionary form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"思[おも,おもう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it can also be used in its \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" form, as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> よう と 思[お,おもう]って いる[,いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"週末[しゅうまつ] は 友達[ともだち] と 公園[こうえん] で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">遊[あそ,あそぶ]ぼう と 思[おも,おもう]って いる[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’m thinking of hanging out\u002Fplaying at the park with my friends this weekend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.292-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The difference between using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"思[お,おもう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"思[お,おもう]って いる[,いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is that the former implies that the thought is something that was made on the spot, while the latter implies that it is a long-held belief or opinion that has formed in the past and continues in the present.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When the plain form of the verb is used instead of the volitional form, it indicates that the plans are more uncertain.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今度[こんど] の 日曜日[にちようび] 、子供達[こどもたち] と 動物園[どうぶつえん] に 行[い,いく]く \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と 思[おも,おもう]う\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。喜[よろこ,よろこぶ]ぶ か な ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) think (I'll) go to the zoo with (my) kids this next Sunday. I wonder if (they) will be happy?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.292-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Volitional + と思う\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べよう と 思[お,おもう]う\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[2113,2115,2117],{"id":2665,"title":2666,"mod":2607,"grammarPoint":2667,"grammarPointTitle":2668,"grammarPointDescription":2669,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2670,"similarGrammarPoints":2671,"tags":2673,"content":2674,"dependentGrammarPoints":2675,"language":22,"similarPoints":2676,"prereqPoints":2688},20463397960084,"「てくる」(1) Do something and come somewhere","tekuru-1-do-action-come","[JLPT N4] 「てくる」 (tekuru) | Do An Action And Come | Japanese Grammar","When くる is attached to the て-form of a verb, it can express approaching movement, show two actions happening in sequence, or describe the manner in which an action is done.",[756,757,758],[2672],20463397960085,[1034,17,1998],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「てくる」(1) Do something and come somewhere\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くる[,来る*くる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is attached to the て-form of any given verb it can have different meanings, depending on the verb it is attached to and the context.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"〜て くる[,来る*くる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can represent the movement of approaching. In this form it expresses that a person, thing, or animal is coming closer to the speaker.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"入[はい,はいる]って 来[き,くる]た\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To come in\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"電車[でしゃ] が 駅[えき] に 着[つ,つく]く と、遠足[えんそく] に 行[い,いく]く 子供[こども] たち が 大勢[おおぜい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">乗[の,のる]って き[.来る*くる]ました\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When the train arrived at the station, many children on a school trip got on.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.143-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] が 泣[な,なく]き ながら 部屋[へや] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">入[はい,はいる]って 来[き,くる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。外[そと] で 転[ころ,ころぶ]んだ よう だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A child came into the room crying. It looks like they fell outside.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.143-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It can also be used to simply express two actions in order with the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"do \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> and then return to the current location\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"取[と,とる]って くる[,来る*くる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Take and come\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"サッカー の ボール を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">取[と,とる]って くる[,来る*くる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I'm) going to get the soccer ball, then (I'll) be back.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.143-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友達[ともだち] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">会[あ,あう]って くる[,来る*くる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I'm) going to meet a friend then (I'll) be back.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.143-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今[いま] トイレ に 行[い,いく]って 、学校[がっこう] の 食堂[しょくどう] で パン を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">買[か,かう]って くる[,来る*くる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I'm) going to the bathroom now and then buy bread from the school cafeteria, then (I'll) be back.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.143-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"コーヒー が 幾[いく]ら か \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">見[み,みる]て くる[,来る*くる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。ここ[,此処*ここ] は 街[まち] だ から 、結構[けっこう] 高[たか,たかい]い に 違[ちが]い ない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I'll go) see how expensive the coffee is. This is a city, so it must be pretty expensive.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.143-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"〜て くる[,来る*くる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also express in what manner or by what means something is approaching.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n 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walk\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"走[はし,はしる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to run\"\n }), \" are a bit special as they \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"do not represent a movement from A to B\"\n }), \" in themselves, as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[く,くる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" do. Rather, they describe the manner in which a movement is done. For this reason, using a manner verb (e.g. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"歩[ある,あるく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"走[はし,はしる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") on its own is insufficient when motion is a crucial element in a sentence, and therefore, we must employ a motion verb (e.g. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[く,くる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") alongside it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Accordingly, the forms \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"歩[ある,あるく]いて くる[,くる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"歩[ある,あるく]いて いく[,いく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which we will talk about in the next lessons, are two of the most frequently occuring combinations with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"歩[ある,あるく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This difference between manner and motion verbs also leads to a difference in meaning between different particles.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"公園[こうえん] で 歩[ある,あるく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Walk in the park.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"By using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", this sentence describes where the action of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"walk\"\n }), \" takes place, which is the park.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"公園[こうえん] を 歩[ある,あるく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Walk through the park.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This is a simple and direct expression that describes the surface upon which you move. It can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"walk through\"\n }), \", but it doesn't necessarily convey a sense of penetrating in Japanese, as it does in English. We will talk more about this usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in a later lesson.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"公園[こうえん] に 歩[ある,あるく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Walk to the park.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Due to the reasons mentioned above, this sentence is incorrect and requires rephrasing. Here are two correct alternatives.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"公園[こうえん] に 歩[ある,あるく]いて いく[,行く*いく] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Walk to the park.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"公園[こうえん] に 向[む,むかう]かって 歩[ある,あるく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Walk towards the park.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[2677],{"id":2672,"title":2678,"mod":2679,"grammarPoint":2680,"grammarPointTitle":2681,"grammarPointDescription":2682,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2683,"similarGrammarPoints":2684,"tags":2685,"content":2686,"dependentGrammarPoints":2687,"language":22},"「ていく」(1) Do something and go somewhere",1769137216817,"teiku-1-do-action-go","[JLPT N4] 「ていく」 (teiku) | Do An Action And Go | Japanese Grammar","When いく is attached to the て-form of a verb, it can express movement away from the speaker, show two actions happening in sequence, or describe the manner in which an action is carried out.",[756,757,758],[2665],[52,21,1898],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ていく」(1) Do something and go somewhere\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いく[,行く*いく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is attached to the て-form of any given verb it can have different meanings, depending on the verb it is attached to and the context.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"〜て いく[,行く*いく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can represent the movement of distancing. In this form it expresses that a person, thing, or animal is moving away from the speaker.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"出[で,でる]て いく[,行く*いく]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To go out\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"嵐[あらし] が 来[き,くる]て 、直[す]ぐ に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">去[さ,さる]って いっ[,行く*いく]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The storm came, and went swiftly. \u003Cbr> (Literally: and soon left)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.144-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"授業[じゅぎょう] が 終[お,おわる]わって 、学生[がくせい] たち が 教室[きょうしつ] から \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">出[で,でる]て いく[,行く*いく]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Class is over, and the students leave the classroom.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.144-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It can also be used to simply express two actions in order with the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to go, after doing \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I will do \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> before going\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"見[み,みる]て いく[,行く*いく]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To go and see\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あっち で 料理[りょうり] 対決[たいけつ] を し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] から 、帰[かえ,かえる]る 時[とき] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">見[み,みる]て いく[,行く*いく]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(They're) doing a cooking competition over there, so (I'll) take a look when (I) go home.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.144-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"アメリカ に 帰[かえ,かえる]る 前[まえ] に 、家族[かぞく] に 日本[にほん] の 土産[みやげ] を たくさん \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">買[か,かう]って いく[,行く*いく]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Before going home to the U.S., (I) will buy a lot of Japanese souvenirs for (my) family, (then go home).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.144-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"〜て いく[,行く*いく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also express in what manner or by what means something is going.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"持[も,もつ]って 行[い,いく]く\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To hold and go (to bring)\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"明日[あした] は 友達[ともだち] と 川[かわ] に 行[い,いく]く から 、リンゴ と オレンジ を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">持[も,もつ]って 行[い,いく]く\u003C\u002Fstrong> こと[,事*こと] に し[,為る*する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tomorrow (I'm) going to the river with friends, so (I) decided to bring apples, and oranges.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.144-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"荷物[にもつ] が 多[おお,おおい]い から、タクシー に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">乗[の,のる]って いく[,行く*いく]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Since I have a lot of luggage, I’ll take a taxi.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.144-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + いく\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"持[も.もつ]って いく[,行く*いく]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[2113,2115,2117],{"id":2672,"title":2678,"mod":2679,"grammarPoint":2680,"grammarPointTitle":2681,"grammarPointDescription":2682,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2683,"similarGrammarPoints":2684,"tags":2690,"content":2686,"dependentGrammarPoints":2687,"language":22,"similarPoints":2691,"prereqPoints":2694},[1034,17,1998],[2692],{"id":2665,"title":2666,"mod":2607,"grammarPoint":2667,"grammarPointTitle":2668,"grammarPointDescription":2669,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2670,"similarGrammarPoints":2671,"tags":2693,"content":2674,"dependentGrammarPoints":2675,"language":22},[52,21,1898],[2113,2115,2117],{"id":2696,"title":2697,"mod":2698,"grammarPoint":2699,"grammarPointTitle":2700,"grammarPointDescription":2701,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2702,"similarGrammarPoints":2703,"tags":2706,"content":2707,"dependentGrammarPoints":2708,"language":22,"similarPoints":2709,"prereqPoints":2734},20463397960086,"「間」Express something happens during a certain time",1769068923323,"aidani-express-something-happens-during","[JLPT N3] 「間(に)」 (aidani) | Express Something Happens \"During\" | Japanese Grammar","You can use 間 to say that while one action is happening, another action takes place. Depending on whether you follow it with に, it can mean that the second action happens throughout the entire duration of the first action or only for a moment during it.",[1880],[2704,2705],20463397960103,20463397960163,[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「間」Express something happens during a certain time\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"While, during\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"間[あいだ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in general refers to a space that can be physical, temporal or metaphorical. It can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"during\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"while\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> 間[あいだ] (に) \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" is an action or event that occurs during \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The most frequent form you will encounter is probably, a verb in its \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"-form followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"間[あいだ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Let's look at an example.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"兄[あに] が 勉強[べんきょう] し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">間[あいだ]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、僕[ぼく] は 小説[しょうせつ] を 読[よ,よむ]んで い[,居る*いる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"While (my) brother was studying, I was reading a novel.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.145-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"母[はは] が 料理[りょうり] し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">間[あいだ]\u003C\u002Fstrong>、私[わたし] は 宿題[しゅくだい] を し[,為る*する]て い[,居る*いる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"While my mother was cooking, I was doing my homework.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.145-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Sometimes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"間[あいだ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which changes the meaning in an important way. But first, an example.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] 稼[かせ,かせぐ]いだ 金[かね] を 数[かぞ,かぞえる]えて いる[,居る*いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">間[あいだ] に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、財布[さいふ] を 落[お,おとす]として しま[,しまう]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Today, while counting the money (I) made, (I) dropped my wallet (and lost it).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.145-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"So what is the difference?\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used, the sentence expresses that a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"single event\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"short action\"\n }), \" took place at some point within that duration, like dropping your wallet, as in this example sentence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"間[あいだ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", on the other hand, expresses that the action in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" happens throughout the entire duration of \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \".\\nLook at our sentence in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"1\"\n }), \", for example. The action of reading can be a longer, continuous one. So, using only \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"間[あいだ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" implies that the speaker was reading a novel throughout the entire time their brother was studying.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友達[ともだち] が 話[はな,はなす]して いる[,居る*いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">間[あいだ] に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、彼[かれ] は こっそり 帰[かえ,かえる]って しま[,しまう]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"While my friend was talking, he secretly went home.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.145-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This construct can also be used with nouns or adjectives.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"休[やす]み の\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">間[あいだ] (に)\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"During the vacation\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.145-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"若[わか,わかい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">間[あいだ] (に)\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"While (you are) young\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.145-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"若[わか,わかい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">間[あいだ] に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 友達[ともだち] を たくさん 作[つく,つくる]る こと[,事*こと] が 大切[たいせつ] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It’s important to make lots of friends while you’re young.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.145-7-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ている + 間\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] 間[あいだ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + 間\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"安[やす,やすい]い 間[あいだ] に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + な + 間\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しずか]か な 間[あいだ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + の間\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"夏休み[なつやすみ] の 間[あいだ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Continued-Action間にOne-Time-Action\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本[にほん] に いる[,居る*いる] 間[あいだ] に 買い物[かいもの] を する[,為る*する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Continued-Action1間Continued-Action2\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"勉強[べんきょう] し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] 間[あいだ]、小説[しょうせつ] を 読[よ,よむ]む 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[2710,2721],{"id":2704,"title":2711,"mod":2712,"grammarPoint":2713,"grammarPointTitle":2714,"grammarPointDescription":2715,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2716,"similarGrammarPoints":2717,"tags":2718,"content":2719,"dependentGrammarPoints":2720,"language":22},"「うちに」Do something while (a certain condition remains true)",1769138639606,"uchini-strike-iron-while-its-hot","[JLPT N3] 「うちに」 (uchini) | \"Do X While Y Remains True | Japanese Grammar","うちに can help you express that an action happens while a certain state lasts. It's often translated as \"during\" or \"while.\"",[756,757,758,1880],[1811,2696,2705],[83,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「うちに」Do something while (a certain condition remains true)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The construct \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> うち に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is a continuing state, and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" is an action that takes place during this time frame. The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"うち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" on its own can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"inside\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"within\"\n }), \". A possible translation here would be \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"within \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> doing \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"若[わか,わかい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">うち に\u003C\u002Fstrong> いろいろ 挑戦[ちょうせん] し[,為る*する]たい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to try lots of things while I’m still young.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.162-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] が 朝ご飯[あさごはん] を 食[た,たべる]べて いる[,居る*いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">うち に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 犬[いぬ] の 散歩[さんぽ] を し[,為る*する]た 。太陽[たいよう] が 暑[あつ,あつい]くて 堪[たま,たまる]らなかった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"While the kids were eating breakfast, I walked the dog. The sun was unbearably hot.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.162-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used with a verb in its negative form in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \", the meaning changes to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"before someone does \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"before \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> happens\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"気[き] が 変[か,かわる]わらない \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">うち に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 決[き,きめる]めた ほう[,方*ほう] が いい[,良い*いい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You should decide before you change your mind.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.162-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + うちに\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食べる[たべる] うち に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n 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There are several differences and subtle nuances between these two grammar points. Let's take a closer look at each.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"When both are OK\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When expressing a simple span of time\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"うち に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"間[あいだ] に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used interchangeably, when expressing a simple span of time.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"本[ほん] を 読[よ,よむ]んで いる[,居る*いる]（うち に・ 間[あいだ] に）、寝[ね,ねる]て し[,しまう]まった。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"While reading a book, I fell asleep.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本[にほん] に いる[,居る*いる]（うち に・ 間[あいだ] に）、刺身[さしみ] が 食[た,たべる]べられる よう に な[,成る*なる]った。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"While in Japan, I learned to eat sashimi.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"When only うちに is OK\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When it's unclear when something will happen.\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"温[あたた,あたたかい]かい うち に ご飯[ごはん] を 食[た,たべる]べて ください 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please eat the food while it's still warm.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is not clear how long the food will stay warm, so using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"うち に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" adds the extra sense of 'You should do B while A is still the case.'\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When expressing strong feelings.\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"雨[あめ] が 降[ふ,ふる]らない うち に、 犬[いぬ] と 散歩[さんぽ] し[,為る*する]ない と 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I need to walk the dog before it starts raining.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"20代[にじゅうだい,代*だい] の うち に、 世界[せかい] 一周[いっしゅう] し[,為る*する]たい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to travel around the world while I'm still in my 20s.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"These examples express a strong sense of urgency and imply that something must be done within a specific time period. For example, if it rains, you and the dog will get wet, so there's a strong feeling of urgency to go before it rains. Similarly, while you can travel the world at any age, there's a strong desire to do it while you're in your 20s, before you become too busy with life.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When something will change over time.\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"雨[あめ] が 降[ふ,ふる]らない うち に、 散歩[さんぽ] し[,為る*する]よう 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's go for a walk before it starts raining.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"明[あか,あかるい]るい うち に、 デパート へ 買い物[かいもの] に 行[い,いく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will go shopping at the department store while it's still bright.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"若[わか,わかい]い うち に、 海外[かいがい] 旅行[りょこう] を し[,為る*する]たい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to travel abroad while I'm still young.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"These sentences convey a sense of \\\"It has to be now! Now is the chance!\\\" because the situation will eventually change. It will rain, it will get dark, and as time passes, one will get older.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"When only 間に is OK\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When the start and end times are clear.\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"13時[じゅうさんじ,時*じ] から 14時[じゅうよんじ,時*じ] の 間[あいだ] に、 オフィス に 来[き,くる]て ください 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please come to the office between 1 PM and 2 PM.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here the start and end time is clearly defined, so \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"間[あいだ] に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" should be used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When changes are not a concern.\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"シャワー を 浴[あ,あびる]びて いる[,居る*いる] 間[あいだ] に、 ママ から 電話[でんわ] が 来[き,くる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"While I was taking a shower, my mom called.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When used like this, it gives the impression that you are just expressing what happened in a certain period, without any other implications.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":2705,"title":2722,"mod":356,"grammarPoint":2723,"grammarPointTitle":2724,"grammarPointDescription":2725,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2726,"similarGrammarPoints":2730,"tags":2731,"content":2732,"dependentGrammarPoints":2733,"language":22},"「ながら」Do something while doing something else","nagara-do-something-while-doing-something-else","[JLPT N4] 「ながら」 (nagara) | Do X While Doing Y | Japanese Grammar","ながら can be attached to the (i-)stem of verbs to give the meaning of \"while doing X.\" As AながらB, you do A while doing B.",[2727,2728,2729],20463397960146,20463397960147,20463397960148,[],[52,21,53],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ながら」Do something while doing something else\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"While doing X, do Y\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Who doesn't like some multitasking now and again, right? Let's learn how to talk about doing multiple things at once in Japanese too.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To do this we attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ながら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the (i-)stem of a verb. The verb that comes before \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ながら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses the secondary action, while the action that follows is the primary action. So, in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> ながら \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is the secondary action and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" is the main action.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"説明書[せつめいしょ] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">見[み,みる] ながら\u003C\u002Fstrong> 組み立[くみた,くみたてる]てれば、簡単[かんたん] に できる[,できる] よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you assemble it while looking at the instructions, it's easy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.222-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"隣[となり] の 家[いえ] の 子供[こども] は 、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">走[はし,はしる]り ながら\u003C\u002Fstrong> 逃[に,にげる]げた 犬[いぬ] の 名前[なまえ] を 呼[よ,よぶ]ん だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The kid from next door yelled the name of the dog that escaped while running (around).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.222-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This construction cannot be used when the subjects of the actions are different. In that case, we use the previously learned particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"間[あいだ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"U-Verb-i-Stem + ながら\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"走[はし,はしる]り ながら\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Ru-Verb-Stem + ながら\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べ ながら\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Secondary-ActionながらPrimary-Action\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"テレビ を 見[み,みる] ながら ご飯[ごはん] を 食[た,たべる]べた\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[1889],{"id":2736,"title":2737,"mod":2738,"grammarPoint":2739,"grammarPointTitle":2740,"grammarPointDescription":2741,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2742,"similarGrammarPoints":2743,"tags":2745,"content":2751,"dependentGrammarPoints":2752,"language":22,"similarPoints":2753,"prereqPoints":2767},20463397960087,"「ものだ」Express strong emotions",1763350965546,"monoda-express-strong-emotions","[JLPT N3] 「ものだ」 (monoda) | Express Strong Emotions | Japanese Grammar","もの can be used at the end of a sentence to express strong emotions, to state how something should be, or, when talking about past events, to convey a strong sense of nostalgia.",[],[2744],20463397960092,[1054,17,2746],{"id":2747,"title":2748,"description":2749,"slug":2750,"language":22},"1741861038438","もの Series","Lesson uses もの in some way","japanese-mono-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ものだ」Express strong emotions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Because, how could~!, used to, should like to, should\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もの[,物*もの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"物[もの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" when written in kanji, means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"thing\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"object\"\n }), \". \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もの[,物*もの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used in a sentence to present a situation as if it were a tangible object. Through this \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もの[,物*もの] だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can express different emotions, with the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it really is X\"\n }), \". Depending on the form the sentence before it takes, the meaning changes slightly.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Used to simply express strong emotions. It can be paired with verbs in the present tense as well as the past tense. Here it is often used to make an emotive excuse, as a form of exclamation, to express desire or some other form of strong emotion.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 町[まち] も、昔[むかし] と 違[ちが,ちがう]って きれい に なっ[,成る*なる]た \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">もの[,物*もの] だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This town has gotten cleaner than in the past.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.146-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] が 成長[せいちょう] する[,為る*する] の は 早[はや,はやい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">もの[,物*もの] だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Children grow up fast. \u003Cbr> (Literally: Children growing is a fast thing.)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.146-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This structure is also often used to give indirect commands by stating how or what something should be.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"人[ひと] に 会[あ,あう]ったら 挨拶[あいさつ] を する[,為る*する] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">もの[,物*もの] だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When (you) meet someone, (you) should greet them.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.146-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the sentence before \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もの[,物*もの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" talks about things that 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Often it is used to express a one-time occurrence.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[2754],{"id":2744,"title":2755,"mod":2756,"grammarPoint":2757,"grammarPointTitle":2758,"grammarPointDescription":2759,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2760,"similarGrammarPoints":2761,"tags":2763,"content":2765,"dependentGrammarPoints":2766,"language":22},"「はず」Express an expectation",1763441747139,"hazu-express-expectation","[JLPT N4] 「はず」(hazu) | Express An Expectation | Japanese Grammar","はず is an auxiliary that can be used to express an expectation or strong assumption based on known facts. It can often be translated as “should,” “supposed to,” or “must be.”",[],[1613,1202,2736,2762],20463397960201,[52,21,2764],"japanese-hazu-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「はず」Express an expectation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Should (be), bound (to be), expected (to be), must (be)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"You should be starting to feel more comfortable with Japanese!\"\n }), \" This is the kind of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"should\"\n }), \" that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"はず\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses. 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\"syntax\": \"金[かね] の ない[,ない] 家[いえ] に 花嫁[はなよめ] が 来[く,くる]る \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">はず が ない[,ない]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"No bride would come to a house with no money. \u003Cbr> (Literally: there's no expectation a bride comes)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.151-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + はず\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる はず・食[た,たべる]べた はず\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + はず\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い はず・高[たか,たかい]かった はず\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + なはず\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か な はず・静[しず]か だった はず\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + のはず\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] の はず・学生[がくせい] だった はず\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":2769,"title":2770,"mod":2679,"grammarPoint":2771,"grammarPointTitle":2772,"grammarPointDescription":2773,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2774,"similarGrammarPoints":2775,"tags":2777,"content":2778,"dependentGrammarPoints":2779,"language":22,"similarPoints":2780,"prereqPoints":2792},20463397960088,"「にしては」Express deviation from a standard","nishiteha-express-deviation-from-standard","[JLPT N3] 「にしては」 (nishiteha) | Express Deviation From a Standard | Japanese Grammar","にしては is used with the meaning of \"for\" or \"considering,\" like in \"for a 10-year-old, you can lift a lot.\" It shows that something is different from what you would normally expect.",[],[2776],20463397960100,[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n 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}), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> にしては \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has a strong negative evaluation of \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \", because \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" is far removed from what is naturally expected for the qualifications and position of \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":2794,"title":2795,"mod":2796,"grammarPoint":2797,"grammarPointTitle":2798,"grammarPointDescription":2799,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2800,"similarGrammarPoints":2801,"tags":2802,"content":2803,"dependentGrammarPoints":2804,"language":22,"similarPoints":2805,"prereqPoints":2806},20463397960089,"「する」(2) Describe someone's attributes",1769137226302,"suru-2-describe-someones-attributes","[JLPT N4] 「する」 (suru) | Describe Someone's Attributes | Japanese Grammar","する can be used to express that someone or something has a certain attribute. You can use it to say that someone has a cute face, nice hands, long legs, or something similar.",[399,510,80],[],[1034,17,970],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「する」(2) Describe someone's attributes\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Have (some quality)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The humble \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is far more multifaceted than first meets the eye. Apart from the basic \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"do X\"\n }), \", it can also express that someone or something possesses a certain attribute.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"きれい[,綺麗*きれい] な 顔[かお] を し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To have a beautiful face.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"山田[!やまだ] 先生[せんせい] は 、きれい[,綺麗*きれい] な 顔[かお] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Dr. Yamada's face is pretty. (Literally: is doing a pretty face)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.148-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The construction of such a sentence is always similar. The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" follows a noun that is modified by an adjective.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] の 手[て] は 変[へん] な 形[かたち] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]て い[,居る*いる]ます\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"His hands have a weird shape.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.148-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Of course, there are other ways to express the same idea but with different phrasing.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"吉田[!よしだ] 先生[せんせい] の 顔[かお] は、きれい[,綺麗*きれい] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mr. Yoshida is beautiful.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"きれい[,綺麗*きれい] な 顔[かお] を し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] 吉田[!よしだ] 先生[せんせい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mr. Yoshida has a beautiful face.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Attribute + をしている\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"きれい[,綺麗*きれい] な 顔[かお] を し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[454,2807,416],{"id":510,"title":511,"mod":323,"grammarPoint":512,"grammarPointTitle":513,"grammarPointDescription":514,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":515,"similarGrammarPoints":516,"tags":2808,"content":523,"dependentGrammarPoints":524,"language":22},[27,21,141,522],{"id":2810,"title":2811,"mod":2812,"grammarPoint":2813,"grammarPointTitle":2814,"grammarPointDescription":2815,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2816,"similarGrammarPoints":2817,"tags":2818,"content":2819,"dependentGrammarPoints":2820,"language":22,"similarPoints":2821,"prereqPoints":2822},20463397960090,"「のだ」Explain or ask for explanations",1765766346436,"noda-explain-ask-for-explanations","[JLPT N4] 「のだ」 (noda) | Explain or Ask For Explanations | Japanese Grammar","The particle の(だ) can be used to ask questions or explain something in a more emotive way. Often the information that is provided or requested is directly observable or perceivable.",[],[],[1034,17,137],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「のだ」Explain or ask for explanations\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"The reason is, it is that\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This is one of the more frequent, yet difficult to understand constructs in Japanese. Let's see if we can make sense of it.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の ( だ)\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to ask questions or explain something in a more emotive way. Often the information that is provided or requested is directly observable or perceivable.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In speech, male speakers often use the contracted form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", while female speakers tend to use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here are some examples when providing an explanation:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今[いま] 、頑張[がんば,がんばる]って パン を 作[つく,つくる]って いる[,居る*いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ん だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I'm) working making bread now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.149-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"太[ふと,ふとる]って しま[,しまう]った の で 、今[いま] は 食事[しょくじ] 制限[せいげん] を し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">の だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Since (I) got fat, (I am) controlling (my) meals now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.149-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To ask a question it could look as follows:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：何[なに] を 食[た,たべる]べて いる[,居る*いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ん だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：お 寿司[すし] を 食[た,たべる]べて いる[,居る*いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ん だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: What are (you) eating? \u003Cbr> B: (I'm) eating Sushi.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.149-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + のだ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる の だ・食[た,たべる]べた の だ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + のだ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"安[やす,やすい]い の だ・安[やす,やすい]かった の だ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + なのだ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か な の だ・静[しず]か だった の だ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + なのだ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] な の だ・学生[がくせい] だった の だ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":2824,"title":2825,"mod":2826,"grammarPoint":2827,"grammarPointTitle":2828,"grammarPointDescription":2829,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2830,"similarGrammarPoints":2831,"tags":2832,"content":2833,"dependentGrammarPoints":2834,"language":22,"similarPoints":2835,"prereqPoints":2838},20463397960091,"「まだ」”X is still Y\"",1769068962640,"mada-something-keeps-its-state","[JLPT N5] 「まだ」 (mada) | Something Remains In Its Prior State | Japanese Grammar","まだ can be used to express that something continues to be in a certain state. When used this way, it can be understood to mean \"still\".",[],[1919],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「まだ」”X is still Y\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Still, (not) yet\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まだ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to express that something continues to be in a certain state. When used this way, it can be understood to mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"still\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"山田[!やまだ] さん は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">まだ\u003C\u002Fstrong> ご飯[ごはん] を 食[た,たべる]べて いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yamada is still eating (his\u002Fher) meal.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.150-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"外[そと] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">まだ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 暗[くら,くらい]い から、出[で,でかける]かけたくない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Since it’s still dark outside, I don’t want to go out.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.150-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In a negative sentence \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まだ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"not yet\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"僕[ぼく] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">まだ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 中国[ちゅうごく] へ 行[い,いく]った こと[,事*こと] が ない[,ない] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I have not been to China yet.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.150-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can think of it as a state that has long since started and continues to remain the same. With this in mind you should be able to understand most sentences using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まだ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with ease.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"まだUnchanged-State\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"まだ 暗[くら,くらい]い\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[2836],{"id":1919,"title":1920,"mod":1921,"grammarPoint":1922,"grammarPointTitle":1923,"grammarPointDescription":1924,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1925,"similarGrammarPoints":1926,"tags":2837,"content":1928,"dependentGrammarPoints":1929,"language":22},[27,21],[],{"id":2744,"title":2755,"mod":2756,"grammarPoint":2757,"grammarPointTitle":2758,"grammarPointDescription":2759,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2760,"similarGrammarPoints":2761,"tags":2840,"content":2765,"dependentGrammarPoints":2766,"language":22,"similarPoints":2845,"prereqPoints":2863},[1034,17,2841],{"id":2842,"title":2843,"description":2844,"slug":2764,"language":22},"1744427799702","はず Series","Lesson uses はず in some way",[2846,1228,2848,2850],{"id":1613,"title":1614,"mod":1615,"grammarPoint":1616,"grammarPointTitle":1617,"grammarPointDescription":1618,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1619,"similarGrammarPoints":1620,"tags":2847,"content":1627,"dependentGrammarPoints":1628,"language":22},[27,21,1626],{"id":2736,"title":2737,"mod":2738,"grammarPoint":2739,"grammarPointTitle":2740,"grammarPointDescription":2741,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2742,"similarGrammarPoints":2743,"tags":2849,"content":2751,"dependentGrammarPoints":2752,"language":22},[83,21,2750],{"id":2762,"title":2851,"mod":2852,"grammarPoint":2853,"grammarPointTitle":2854,"grammarPointDescription":2855,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2856,"similarGrammarPoints":2857,"tags":2859,"content":2861,"dependentGrammarPoints":2862,"language":22},"「わけだ」Make logical deductions",1769231640721,"wakeda-make-logical-judgement","[JLPT N3] 「わけだ」 (wakeda) | Make Logical Deductions | Japanese Grammar","わけだ expresses a logical conclusion or realization based on new info or reasoning; often translated as “No wonder” or “That explains it.”\n",[],[2744,2858],20463397960152,[83,21,2860],"japanese-wake-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「わけだ」Make logical deductions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"No wonder, naturally\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Grasping the meaning of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"わけ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be quite challenging, but let's give it a try. When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"わけ だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used in a sentence in the form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> わけ だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it expresses a conclusion the speaker has reached through logical reasoning or calculation, particularly regarding something they heard \", _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"👂\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f442.png\"\n }), \" or read \", _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"📕\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f4d5.png\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are two primary uses of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"わけ だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", so let's explore both.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The first involves conversation where it has a realization function. It indicates that, after what the other person has just said, the speaker now understands the reason or cause of something they had been wondering about.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：俺[おれ] は １週間[いっしゅうかん,週間*しゅうかん] 風呂[ふろ] に 入[はい,はいる]ってない 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：凄[すご,すごい]く 臭[くさ,くさい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">わけ だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: I haven't taken a bath\u002Fshower in a week! \u003Cbr> B: That's why (you're) super stinky!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.260-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In essence, after the information given in sentence 1, the speaker concludes that this is why person A smells bad. Person B had noticed the stench, wondered why, received new information, and now understands the reason.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The other use is in a monologue, where it has an explanatory function. It indicates that something is a natural or inevitable consequence. The reason for this consequence is stated first and is often followed by phrases like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ので\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 店[みせ] で 一番[いちばん] 安[やす,やすい]い パソコン を 買[か,かう]った けど 、１カ月[いっかげつ,カ月*かげつ] 経[た,たつ]って パソコン から 火[ひ] が 出[で,でる]て 、すぐ 壊[こわ,こわれる]れて 動[うご,うごく]かなく なっ[,なる]た 。あの 店[みせ] で 一番[いちばん] 安[やす,やすい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">わけ だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) bought the cheapest computer in the store, but after a month, the computer caught fire, and soon broke down and stopped working. No wonder it is the cheapest one in the store.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.260-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"わけ だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be replaced with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"という わけ だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"・\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"って わけ だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with no change in meaning. 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\"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"わけ だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is objective and indicates a conclusion based on deduction and logical reasoning. In contrast,\\n\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"はず だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is subjective, more uncertain, and expresses the speaker's expectations.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"明日[あした] は 晴[は,はれる]れる はず だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It should be sunny tomorrow.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this example, the speaker cannot know for sure and is only making an assumption, so \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"はず だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the appropriate choice.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":722,"title":747,"mod":748,"grammarPoint":749,"grammarPointTitle":750,"grammarPointDescription":751,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":752,"similarGrammarPoints":759,"tags":2865,"content":762,"dependentGrammarPoints":763,"language":22,"similarPoints":2870,"prereqPoints":2871},[1054,17,2866],{"id":2867,"title":2868,"description":2869,"slug":761,"language":22},"1744427773146","ばかり Series","Lesson uses ばかり in some way",[1481,732],[1824,1826,1828,2113,2115,2117],{"id":2873,"title":2874,"mod":2875,"grammarPoint":2876,"grammarPointTitle":2877,"grammarPointDescription":2878,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2879,"similarGrammarPoints":2880,"tags":2881,"content":2882,"dependentGrammarPoints":2883,"language":22,"similarPoints":2884,"prereqPoints":2885},20463397960094,"「ところだ」\"is\u002Fwas about to X\"",1769137638264,"tokoroda-when-you-arewere-just-about-do-something","[JLPT N4] 「ところだ」 (tokoroda) | \"Is\u002FWas About To X\" | Japanese Grammar","ところ can be used to express that someone is about to do something or was about to do something. The exact meaning depends on the tense of the verb that comes before ところ.",[753,754,755,1880],[],[1034,17,1603],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ところだ」\\\"is\u002Fwas about to X\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ところ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to express that someone is about to do something or was about to do something. The exact meaning depends on the tense of the verb that comes before \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ところ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the verb before it is in its \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"-form, it expresses that one is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in the midst of doing something\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お母[おかあ]さん が 作[つく,つくる]って くれ[,くれる]た ご飯[ごはん] を 食[た,たべる]べて いる[,居る*いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ところ だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I am (right now) eating the food my mother made for me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.153-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the verb before it is in its plain past form, it expresses that one \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"just finished doing something\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ちょうど 今[いま]、ドイツ の 空港[くうこう] に 着[つ,つく]いた \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ところ です\u003C\u002Fstrong> よ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I just arrived at an airport in Germany!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.153-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the verb before it is in its \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て いた\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"-form, it expresses that one \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"has been doing something\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 皆[みな] に ピアノ を 披露[ひろう] し[,為る*する]て い[,居る*いる]た \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ところ だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He had just been performing his piano playing to everyone.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.153-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"All of the usages above can also be followed by the past form after \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ところ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which just puts the whole event in the past.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The plain present form of a verb followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ところ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the odd one out here, as it does not just put the event in the past. In this case it expresses that one \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"almost did something\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"was about to do something\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ワン ちゃん に 餌[えさ] を やる[,遣る*やる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ところ だった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was about to feed the dog.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.153-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ところだった\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる ところ だった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + いるところだ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べて いる[,居る*いる] ところ だ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Past + ところだ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べた ところ だ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + いたところだ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べて い[,居る*いる]た ところ だ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1824,1826,1828,1889],{"id":2887,"title":2888,"mod":2889,"grammarPoint":2890,"grammarPointTitle":2891,"grammarPointDescription":2892,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2893,"similarGrammarPoints":2894,"tags":2895,"content":2896,"dependentGrammarPoints":2897,"language":22,"similarPoints":2898,"prereqPoints":2899},20463397960095,"「かどうか」”Whether or not\"",1769137638266,"kadouka-asking-yes-no-question","[JLPT N4] 「かどうか」 (kadouka) | \"Whether Or Not\" | Japanese Grammar","The structure かどうか can be used to form either-or\u002Fyes-no questions. The verbs that follow かどうか are often ones about thinking, understanding, remembering or deciding, among others.",[],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「かどうか」”Whether or not\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The structure \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かどうか\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to form either-or\u002Fyes-no questions.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"明日[あした] 雨[あめ] が 降[ふ,ふる]る \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">か どう か\u003C\u002Fstrong>、まだ 分[わ,わかる]からない。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I still don’t know whether or not it will rain tomorrow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.154-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 店[みせ] が 今日[きょう] 開[あ,あく]いて いる[,居る*いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">か どう か\u003C\u002Fstrong> 調[しら,しらべる]べて み[,見る*みる]て 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Try checking whether this store is open today or not.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.154-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The verbs that follow \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かどうか\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are often ones about thinking, understanding, remembering or deciding, among others.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + かどうか\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる かどうか・食[た,たべる]べた かどうか\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + かどうか\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い かどうか・高[たか,たかい]かった かどうか\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + かどうか\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か かどうか・静[しず]か だった かどうか\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + かどうか\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] かどうか・学生[がくせい] だった かどうか\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":2901,"title":2902,"mod":2903,"grammarPoint":2904,"grammarPointTitle":2905,"grammarPointDescription":2906,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2907,"similarGrammarPoints":2908,"tags":2909,"content":2910,"dependentGrammarPoints":2911,"language":22,"similarPoints":2912,"prereqPoints":2913},20463397960096,"「を」(2) Describe movement through a space",1769137594575,"wo-2-moving-space","[JLPT N5] 「を」 (wo) | Moving Through a Space | Japanese Grammar","を can mark the space that someone moves through, over, or across. In this usage, it can be translated as \"on,\" \"in,\" or \"through.\"",[],[],[23,17,518],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「を」(2) Describe movement through a space\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"On, in, through\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can mark the space that someone moves through, over, or across. Let’s explore how this works and see it in action.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"鳥[とり] が 空[そら] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">を\u003C\u002Fstrong> 飛[と,とぶ]んで いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A bird is flying in the sky.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.155-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう] は、あの 公園[こうえん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">を\u003C\u002Fstrong> 一人[ひとり] で 歩[ある,あるく]いて い[,居る*いる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yesterday, I was walking alone in that park.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.155-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Making the Direct Object the topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, each element of a sentence can represent a case, which tells us the function an element has in the sentence. As we learned in this lesson, the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case can tell a space that someone can move on or across.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 上[うえ] を 電車[でんしゃ] が 走[はし,はしる]って いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Above here a train passes\u002Fruns.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this sentence our case \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"上[うえ] を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", tells us where the train runs. Each case like this in a Japanese sentence can be turned into the topic of the sentence using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Depending on the particle the element uses, the change to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" looks a bit different.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Below you can see an overview of the changes that happen when turning a case into our topic.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Case\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"には\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"では\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へは\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"とは\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's now take our example from above and turn our \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case into the topic.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 上[うえ] は、電車[でんしゃ] が 走[はし,はしる]って いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Above here (as opposed to other places), a train passes\u002Fruns.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So, what is different from the first version of this sentence? The most likely interpretation is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is simply used to add a sense of contrast, indicating that a train runs above, but not in other places (e.g. below, left, right, etc.). In contrast, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" makes the sentence purely descriptive of the fact, without the nuance of excluding other places.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Because \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used in this sentence there is also a nuance that a train runs above but not other vehicles such as cars, or trucks for example.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Without the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" the sentence simply expresses that the train runs above, without 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\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used, it implies that there is another purpose behind the action, whereas with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" the purpose is the action itself. 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So if you want to say that you got out of a car, you'd express it like this.",[510],[2439],[23,17,518],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「を」(3) Indicate the starting place of a motion\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another function of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is to mark the starting point of a motion. So if you want to say that you got out of a car, you'd express it like this.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"父[ちち] が 家[いえ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">を\u003C\u002Fstrong> 出[で,でる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) father left the house.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.156-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"飛行機[ひこうき] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">を\u003C\u002Fstrong> 降[お,おりる]りる 前[まえ] に 、シートベルト を 外[はず,はずす]して ください 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please unfasten your seatbelt before getting off the airplane.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.156-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Making the Direct Object the topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, each element of a sentence can represent a case, which tells us the function an element has in the sentence. As we learned in this lesson, the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case can indicate the starting point of a movement.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"船[ふね] を 人[ひと] が 降[お,おりる]りる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"People disembark the ship.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this sentence our case \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"船[ふね] を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", tells us that the ship is the starting point of the action \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"降[お,おりる]りる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to disembark\"\n }), \". Each case like this in a Japanese sentence can be turned into the topic of the sentence using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Depending on the particle the element uses, the change to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" looks a bit different.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Below you can see an overview of the changes that happen when turning a case into the topic.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Case\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"には\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"では\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へは\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"とは\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's now take our example from above and turn the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case into the topic.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"船[ふね] は、人[ひと] が 降[お,おりる]りる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"As for ships, people disembark (them).\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The most likely interpretation of this sentence is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is being used to make a general statement and gives the sentence an explanatory tone. 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Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Used in this way, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can often be replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"from\"\n }), \". However, the main difference is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" marks a location where a movement begins, while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" marks the initial location when the movement is from one place to another. 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In the second example, the focus is on the movement from inside the house to outside, so \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[2572],[2807],{"id":2929,"title":2930,"mod":2931,"grammarPoint":2932,"grammarPointTitle":2933,"grammarPointDescription":2934,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2935,"similarGrammarPoints":2936,"tags":2937,"content":2938,"dependentGrammarPoints":2939,"language":22,"similarPoints":2940,"prereqPoints":2941},20463397960098,"「を」(4) Mark the cause of an emotion",1769137618041,"wo-4-mark-cause-emotion","[JLPT N5] 「を」 (wo) | Mark the Cause of an Emotion | Japanese Grammar","を can be used to mark the cause of an emotion. This is mainly used with verbs like 悩む, 懐かしむ, 恐れる, and 悲しむ in their ている form.",[510],[],[23,17,518],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「を」(4) Mark the cause of an emotion\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another function of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is to mark the cause of an emotion, with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" attached directly to the thing that causes the emotion.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"母[はは] は 僕[ぼく] の テスト の 結果[けっか] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">を\u003C\u002Fstrong> 怒[おこ,おこる]った 。とても 悪[わる,わるい]い 成績[せいせき] だった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mother was upset with my test results. It was a very bad grade.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.157-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"弟[おとうと] は ピアノ が 家[いえ] に 無[な,ない]い こと \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">を\u003C\u002Fstrong> 悲[かな,かなしむ]しんで いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) younger brother is sad that there is no piano in the house.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.157-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is mainly used with verbs like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"悩[なや,なやむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be worried\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"懐[なつ,なつかしむ]かしむ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to yearn for\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"恐[おそ,おそれる]れる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to fear\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"悲[かな,かなしむ]しむ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be sad\"\n }), \", and they are often in their \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"-form.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Making the Direct Object the topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, each element of a sentence can represent a case, which tells us the function an element has in the sentence. As we learned in this lesson, the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case can mark the cause of an emotion.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"父[ちち] の 病気[びょうき] を 家族[かぞく] が 悲[かな,かなしむ]しんだ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The family lamented the father's illness.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Each case like this in a Japanese sentence can be turned into the topic of the sentence using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Depending on the particle the element uses, the change to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" looks a bit different.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Below you can see an overview of the changes that happen when turning a case into the topic.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Case\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"には\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"では\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へは\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"とは\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the above example, the element \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"父[ちち] の 病気[びょうき] を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" tells us that the lamentation stems from the father's illness. Let's contrast it with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"父[ちち] の 病気[びょうき] は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in the next sentence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"父[ちち] の 病気[びょうき] は、家族[かぞく] が 悲[かな,かなしむ]しんだ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"As for the father's illness, the family lamented (it).\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The most likely interpretation of this sentence is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is being used to make a general statement and gives the sentence an explanatory tone. It makes the sentence sound considerably less emotional.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This is in contrast to the first sentence that feels much more emotional because the direct object \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"father’s illness\"\n }), \", is being directly \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"lamented\"\n }), \" by the family.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Cause-Of-EmotionをEmotion\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"テスト の 結果[けっか] を 怒[お,おこる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[2807],{"id":2943,"title":2944,"mod":2889,"grammarPoint":2945,"grammarPointTitle":2946,"grammarPointDescription":2947,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2948,"similarGrammarPoints":2949,"tags":2950,"content":2951,"dependentGrammarPoints":2952,"language":22,"similarPoints":2953,"prereqPoints":2954},20463397960099,"「として」\"As a (noun)\"","toshite-as","[JLPT N3] 「として」 (toshite) | \"As a (Noun)...\" | Japanese Grammar","If you understand として as meaning \"as\" or \"for\", you will easily understand most sentences that use it.",[],[],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「として」\\\"As a (noun)\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you understand \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"として\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"as\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"for\"\n }), \", you will easily understand most sentences that use it. The general structure used is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> として \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" often being a position, qualification, or title.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 代表[だいひょう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">として\u003C\u002Fstrong> 会議[かいぎ] に 参加[さんか] し[,為る*する]ます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will attend the meeting as a representative.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.158-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 本[ほん] は 教材[きょうざい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">として\u003C\u002Fstrong> 使[つか,つかう]われて いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This book is being used as teaching material.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.158-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + として\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"貴族[きぞく] として\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":2776,"title":2782,"mod":2783,"grammarPoint":2784,"grammarPointTitle":2785,"grammarPointDescription":2786,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2787,"similarGrammarPoints":2788,"tags":2956,"content":2790,"dependentGrammarPoints":2791,"language":22,"similarPoints":2957,"prereqPoints":2960},[1124,17],[2958],{"id":2769,"title":2770,"mod":2679,"grammarPoint":2771,"grammarPointTitle":2772,"grammarPointDescription":2773,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2774,"similarGrammarPoints":2775,"tags":2959,"content":2778,"dependentGrammarPoints":2779,"language":22},[83,21],[],{"id":2962,"title":2963,"mod":2964,"grammarPoint":2965,"grammarPointTitle":2966,"grammarPointDescription":2967,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2968,"similarGrammarPoints":2969,"tags":2970,"content":2971,"dependentGrammarPoints":2972,"language":22,"similarPoints":2973,"prereqPoints":2976},20463397960101,"「する」(3) Making something take place",1769138354266,"する-3","[JLPT N5] 「する」 (suru) | Making Something Take Place | Japanese Grammar","Another use of する, besides simply expressing \"do,\" is to show that someone causes a state or action to occur. It's like saying \"to make something new\" or \"to make something dirty,\" or similar kinds of expressions.",[],[1164],[23,17,970],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「する」(3) Making something take place\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Do, make\u002Fcause, wear (small items of clothing)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Most uses of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are pretty easy to understand if you just know the dictionary definition of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to do\"\n }), \". However, there are cases where it can be used in ways that are not so obvious. One such case is when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to mean that someone causes a state or action to occur.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"General usage:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"茂[!しげる] 君[くん] は まだ 学生[がくせい] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]て\u003C\u002Fstrong> いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Shigeru-kun is still a student.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.160-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the case of a state, an adjective has to be used before \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The adjectives have to be in their adverbial form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"新[あたら,あたらしい]しく する[,為る*する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Make new\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] が 毎日[まいにち] 部屋[へや] を 汚[きたな,きたない]く \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">する[,為る*する]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The child makes the room dirty every day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.160-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If used with small clothing items, it can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"wear\"\n }), \". However, think of it as causing the state of wearing to stay consistent with the meaning we introduced before.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 大切[たいせつ] な 会議[かいぎ] だ 。ネクタイ を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> ほう[,方*ほう] が いい[,良い*いい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Today is an important meeting. It's best to wear a tie.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.160-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this usage, you can think of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as the opposite of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". While \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses a spontaneous change beyond human control, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses a change caused by and under the control of humans.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[2974],{"id":1164,"title":1165,"mod":1166,"grammarPoint":1167,"grammarPointTitle":1168,"grammarPointDescription":1169,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1170,"similarGrammarPoints":1171,"tags":2975,"content":1173,"dependentGrammarPoints":1174,"language":22},[27,21,412],[],{"id":827,"title":2978,"mod":2979,"grammarPoint":2980,"grammarPointTitle":2981,"grammarPointDescription":2982,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2983,"similarGrammarPoints":2984,"tags":2985,"content":2986,"dependentGrammarPoints":2987,"language":22,"similarPoints":2988,"prereqPoints":2989},"「の」(4) Ask or assert more emphatically",1769138639605,"no-4-ask-questions-explain","[JLPT N5] 「の」 (no) | Ask Questions or Offer Explanations | Japanese Grammar","の can help you ask questions or explain something, but pay attention to your intonation. For questions, your intonation should go up!",[],[],[23,17,200],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「の」(4) Ask or assert more emphatically\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this lesson, we want to introduce you to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"'s its ability to help you ask questions or explain something in a more emotive way. In such sentences, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to the end of the sentence.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Question usage:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：今日[きょう] 、友達[ともだち] と 外[そと] で 遊[あそ,あそぶ]んだ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">の\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：はい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Did you play outside with (your) friend today? \u003Cbr> B: Yes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.161-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This question could also be asked without the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" by just raising your tone at the end of the sentence, but using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" adds more emotion to it.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Explanation usage:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] の 息子[むすこ] は 医者[いしゃ] な \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">の\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My son is a doctor.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.161-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When using this \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" following a noun or a な-adjective, a \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has to be inserted in between.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] の 息子[むすこ] は 医者[いしゃ] の 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My son is a doctor.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] の 息子[むすこ] は 医者[いしゃ] な の 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My son is a doctor.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + の\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる の・食[た,たべる]べた の\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + の\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"安[やす,やすい]い の・安[やす,やすい]かった の\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + なの\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か な の・静[しず]か だった の\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + なの\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] な の・学生[がくせい] だった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":2704,"title":2711,"mod":2712,"grammarPoint":2713,"grammarPointTitle":2714,"grammarPointDescription":2715,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2716,"similarGrammarPoints":2717,"tags":2991,"content":2719,"dependentGrammarPoints":2720,"language":22,"similarPoints":2992,"prereqPoints":2997},[1054,17],[2993,2995,2721],{"id":1811,"title":1812,"mod":1813,"grammarPoint":1814,"grammarPointTitle":1815,"grammarPointDescription":1816,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1817,"similarGrammarPoints":1818,"tags":2994,"content":1820,"dependentGrammarPoints":1821,"language":22},[52,21],{"id":2696,"title":2697,"mod":2698,"grammarPoint":2699,"grammarPointTitle":2700,"grammarPointDescription":2701,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2702,"similarGrammarPoints":2703,"tags":2996,"content":2707,"dependentGrammarPoints":2708,"language":22},[83,21],[2113,2115,2117,1889],{"id":2999,"title":3000,"mod":3001,"grammarPoint":3002,"grammarPointTitle":3003,"grammarPointDescription":3004,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3005,"similarGrammarPoints":3006,"tags":3011,"content":3012,"dependentGrammarPoints":3013,"language":22,"similarPoints":3014,"prereqPoints":3059},20463397960104,"「ように」\"Do something in a certain way so that\"",1769138639607,"youni-do-something-certain-way-so-that","[JLPT N4] 「ように」 (youni) | Do Something In a Certain Way So That | Japanese Grammar","AようにB is used to express the idea of doing something in the way of B so that A can occur.",[],[3007,3008,3009,3010],20463397960196,20463397960203,20463397960204,20463397960236,[1034,17,2274],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ように」\\\"Do something in a certain way so that\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> よう に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to express the idea of doing something in the way of \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" so that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" can occur.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] が 野菜[やさい] を 食[た,たべる]べる \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">よう に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、野菜[やさい] を たくさん 使[つか,つかう]って 料理[りょうり] し[,為る*する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) cooked the vegetables in a way that the kids would eat them.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.163-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"母[はは] が こっち を 見[み,みる]る \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">よう に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、大[おお,おおきい]きく 手[て] を 振[ふ,ふる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I waved my hands in an exaggerated way so that (my) mother would look over here. \u003Cbr> (Literally: waved my hands bigly)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.163-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The verb preceding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よう に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is often in either the potential or the negative form. The potential form is covered in later lessons.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Negative + ように\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"話[はな,はなす]さない よう に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Potential + ように\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べられる よう に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[3015,3026,3037,3048],{"id":3007,"title":3016,"mod":3017,"grammarPoint":3018,"grammarPointTitle":3019,"grammarPointDescription":3020,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3021,"similarGrammarPoints":3022,"tags":3023,"content":3024,"dependentGrammarPoints":3025,"language":22},"「ように」”Do (something) like a…\"",1769229917133,"youni-express-likeness","[JLPT N4] 「ように」 (youni) | \"Do X Like a....\" | Japanese Grammar","ように can be used to show that an action is done “like” something else, or to express that something feels like or resembles another thing.",[2265],[],[52,21,2278],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ように」”Do (something) like a…\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Like, as, as if\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よう に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to express likeness, similar to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よう だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The big difference is that by attaching \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it can be used to modify a verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> よう に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to modify a verb, meaning that the action is performed like \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よう に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" allows you to directly compare one thing to another.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ピアニスト の よう に ピアノ を 弾[ひ,ひく]く\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"play piano like a pianist\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"母[はは] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">よう に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 優[やさ,やさしい]しい 人[ひと] に な[,成る*なる]りたい です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to become a kind person like my mother.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.255-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昔[むかし] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">よう に\u003C\u002Fstrong>、また 一緒[いっしょ] に 遊[あそ,あそぶ]びたい な 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to hang out together again like we used to.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.255-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"However, the information doesn't have to be factual. It can also be used to indicate that something seems like something else, but actually isn't.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"まる で 夢[ゆめ] を 見[み,みる]て いる[,居る*いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">よう に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 感[かん,かんじる]じた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It felt as if I were dreaming.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.255-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ように\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる よう に ・ 食[た,たべる]べた よう に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + ように\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い よう に ・ 高[たか,たかい]かった よう に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + なように\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静か[しずか] な よう に ・ 静か[しずか] だった よう に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + のように\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] の よう に ・ 学生[がくせい] だった よ うに\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":3008,"title":3027,"mod":3028,"grammarPoint":3029,"grammarPointTitle":3030,"grammarPointDescription":3031,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3032,"similarGrammarPoints":3033,"tags":3034,"content":3035,"dependentGrammarPoints":3036,"language":22},"「ようになる」 Express something that has come to be",1769231758886,"youninaru-express-change","[JLPT N3] 「ようになる」 (youninaru) | \"It Has Come To Be Such That...\" | Japanese Grammar","ようになる can be used to describe gradual or sudden changes, like becoming able to do something or how things are designed to work.",[1831,3007],[1873,3007,3009],[52,21,2278],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n 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However, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よう に なる[,なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" implies a more indirect change due to circumstances, while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な[,ない]く なる[,なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is more direct.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":3009,"title":3038,"mod":3039,"grammarPoint":3040,"grammarPointTitle":3041,"grammarPointDescription":3042,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3043,"similarGrammarPoints":3044,"tags":3045,"content":3046,"dependentGrammarPoints":3047,"language":22},"「ようにする」Cause a change in circumstance",1769231816265,"younisuru-cause-circumstance-change","[JLPT N4] 「ようにする」 (younisuru) | Cause a Change in Circumstance | Japanese Grammar","ようにする can be used to express the idea of making an effort or trying to do something intentionally. It is often used to describe habits or personal goals.",[1831,3007],[1499,1902,3008],[52,21,2278],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ようにする」Cause a change in circumstance\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"To see to it that, to make sure that, to try to, to make an effort to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> よう に する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" relates more to the speaker's will rather than a gradual change of circumstance, due to using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to make an effort to \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to make sure that \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In its basic usage \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よう に する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" simply gets attached to a verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる よう に する[,為る*する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To make sure to eat\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"最近[さいきん]、野菜[やさい] を もっと 食[た,たべる]べる \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">よう に し[,為る*する]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Recently, I started trying to eat more vegetables.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.263-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"By using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し[,為る*する]て いる[,いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you can express someone's habit.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"帰宅[きたく] し[,為る*する]たら すぐ に 顔[かお] を 洗[あら,あらう]う \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">よう に し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I try to wash my face as soon as I get home.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.263-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ようにする\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる よう に する[,為る*する] ・ 食[た,たべる]べない よう に する[,為る*する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + くなるようにする\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]く なる[,なる] よう に する[,為る*する] ・ 高[たか,たかい]く なく なる[,なる] よう に する[,為る*する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + になるようにする\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静か[しずか] に なる[,なる] よう に する[,為る*する] ・ 静か[しずか] じゃ なく なる[,なる] よう に する[,為る*する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + になるようにする\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] に なる[,なる] よう に する[,為る*する] ・ 学生[がくせい] じゃ なく なる[,なる] よう に する[,為る*する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":3010,"title":3049,"mod":3050,"grammarPoint":3051,"grammarPointTitle":3052,"grammarPointDescription":3053,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3054,"similarGrammarPoints":3055,"tags":3056,"content":3057,"dependentGrammarPoints":3058,"language":22},"「ように言う」Tell someone to do something",1769234515355,"youniiu-tell-someone-do-something","[JLPT N4] 「ように言う」 (youniiu) | Tell Someone to Do Something | Japanese Grammar","Use ように言う to tell someone how to do something or report what was said in a specific way. Often used with verbs like 言う, 頼む, 書く, or 注意する.",[2265],[],[52,21,2278],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ように言う」Tell someone to do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This new construction using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has two main uses: as an imperative to tell someone to do something in a certain way, or to express that something is said in a certain way in general. In both cases, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よう に 言[い,いう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"simply attached to the dictionary form of a verb\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> よう に 言[い,いう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as an imperative:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] に 念[ねん] の ため 薬[くすり] を 持[も,もつ]って くる[,来る*くる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">よう に 言[い,いう]った\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I told her to bring the medicine just in case.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.295-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> よう に 言[い,いう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to express that something is said in a certain way:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"弟[おとうと] に 聞[き,きこえる]こえない \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">よう に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 小[ちい]さな 声[こえ] で 「ケーキ を 食[く,くう]おう 」と \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">言[い,いう]った\u003C\u002Fstrong> けど 、目[め] の 前[まえ] で 弟[おとうと] が 俺[おれ] の ケーキ を 半分[はんぶん] 食[く,くう]って いる[,いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) said in a quiet voice so that (my) younger brother wouldn't hear, \\\"Let's eat cake\\\", but (he's already) eaten half of my cake (right) in front of me. \u003Cbr> (Literally: in front of eyes)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.295-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Besides \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"言[い,いう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", other verbs can be used by adding them after \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と 書[か,かく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to write\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"頼[たの,たのむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to request\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と 注意[ちゅうい] する[,する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to warn\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と 命令[めいれい] する[,する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to order\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"医者は酒を飲まない\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ようにと注意した\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The doctor cautioned not to drink alcohol.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.295-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ように言う\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる よう に 言[い,いう]う\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":3061,"title":3062,"mod":3001,"grammarPoint":3063,"grammarPointTitle":3064,"grammarPointDescription":3065,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3066,"similarGrammarPoints":3067,"tags":3068,"content":3069,"dependentGrammarPoints":3070,"language":22,"similarPoints":3071,"prereqPoints":3085},20463397960105,"「ても」\"Even if\"","temo-even-if","[JLPT N4] 「ても」 (temo) | \"Even If\" | Japanese Grammar","ても, when it follows a verb or an い-adjective, can be used to express \"even if,\" as in \"even if X is the case.\" It's also useful in other constructions like てもいい.",[756,757,758,2032],[1963,905],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ても」\\\"Even if\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This grammar point is relatively easy to understand, as it can be translated in most cases as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"even if\"\n }), \". To form it, you just need to attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the て-form of a verb or adjective. This can be done with the negative or affirmative form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">寒[さむ,さむい]くて も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 半袖[はんそで] で 平気[へいき] な 顔[かお] を し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even when it’s cold, he’s unfazed and wears short sleeves like it’s nothing.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.164-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 問題[もんだい] は、君[きみ] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">怒[おこ,おこる]って も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 解決[かいけつ] し[,為る*する]ない よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This problem won’t be solved even if you get angry.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.164-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It's especially useful to remember the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て も いい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" construction, as it can be used to ask for permission to do something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べて も いい[,良い*いい] ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Is it fine if I eat?\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + も\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べて も\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-て-Form + も\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]くて も\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[3072,3074],{"id":1963,"title":1964,"mod":1965,"grammarPoint":1966,"grammarPointTitle":1967,"grammarPointDescription":1968,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1969,"similarGrammarPoints":1970,"tags":3073,"content":1972,"dependentGrammarPoints":1973,"language":22},[1128,21],{"id":905,"title":3075,"mod":3076,"grammarPoint":3077,"grammarPointTitle":3078,"grammarPointDescription":3079,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3080,"similarGrammarPoints":3081,"tags":3082,"content":3083,"dependentGrammarPoints":3084,"language":22},"「でも」(1) “Even (noun)\"",1769138481863,"demo-even","[JLPT N4] 「でも」 (demo) | \"Even (Noun)\" | Japanese Grammar","でも can follow nouns and na-adjectives to express \"even\" or \"even if.\" Be careful not to confuse it with the simple combination of the particle で and も!",[],[1963,3061],[52,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「でも」(1) “Even (noun)\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Even, even if\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In a similar fashion to the previous lesson's \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", we have \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" which is used with nouns or adjectives to express the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"even\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"これ は 豚[ぶた] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">でも\u003C\u002Fstrong> 食[く,くう]わない 飯[めし] だ ！　すごく[,すごい] マズイ[,不味い*まずい]・・・\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This is the kind of food even pigs don't eat. It really tastes bad.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.165-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ピアノ の 先生[せんせい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">でも\u003C\u002Fstrong> 緊張[きんちょう] する[,する] こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even piano teachers get nervous at times.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.165-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"But be careful not to confuse this with the combination of the particles \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" + \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"パソコン は あっち の 店[みせ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">でも\u003C\u002Fstrong> 売[う,うる]ってる らしい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I heard computers are also sold at that store there.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.165-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this sentence \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to mark the location where \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"売る[うる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"sell\"\n }), \" takes place, and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used with its meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"also\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + でも\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か で も\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + でも\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] で も\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[2113,2115,2117,2136],{"id":905,"title":3075,"mod":3076,"grammarPoint":3077,"grammarPointTitle":3078,"grammarPointDescription":3079,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3080,"similarGrammarPoints":3081,"tags":3087,"content":3083,"dependentGrammarPoints":3084,"language":22,"similarPoints":3088,"prereqPoints":3091},[1034,17],[3072,3089],{"id":3061,"title":3062,"mod":3001,"grammarPoint":3063,"grammarPointTitle":3064,"grammarPointDescription":3065,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3066,"similarGrammarPoints":3067,"tags":3090,"content":3069,"dependentGrammarPoints":3070,"language":22},[52,21],[],{"id":813,"title":821,"mod":822,"grammarPoint":823,"grammarPointTitle":824,"grammarPointDescription":825,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":826,"similarGrammarPoints":828,"tags":3093,"content":830,"dependentGrammarPoints":831,"language":22,"similarPoints":3094,"prereqPoints":3097},[23,17],[1331,3095],{"id":827,"title":2978,"mod":2979,"grammarPoint":2980,"grammarPointTitle":2981,"grammarPointDescription":2982,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2983,"similarGrammarPoints":2984,"tags":3096,"content":2986,"dependentGrammarPoints":2987,"language":22},[27,21,204],[1331,3095],{"id":3099,"title":3100,"mod":3101,"grammarPoint":3102,"grammarPointTitle":3103,"grammarPointDescription":3104,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3105,"similarGrammarPoints":3106,"tags":3107,"content":3108,"dependentGrammarPoints":3109,"language":22,"similarPoints":3110,"prereqPoints":3111},20463397960108,"「のか」Ask indirect questions",1769138546850,"noka-ask-more-questions","[JLPT N5] 「のか」 (noka) | Ask Indirect Questions | Japanese Grammar","The combination of の and か can be used when someone has a realization, to ask a question, or to form an indirect question.",[],[805,827,813],[23,17,137],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「のか」Ask indirect questions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The combination of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used when someone has a realization, to ask a question, or to form an indirect question.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For verbs and い-adjectives, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"のか\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can simply be attached, while for nouns and な-adjectives, a \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" must be inserted.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"軽[かる,かるい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">の か\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(is it) light?\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か な \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">の か\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(is it) quiet\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used with a rising intonation \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can denote a question.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：明日[あした] 、家族[かぞく] で 旅行[りょこう] だ から 興奮[こうふん] し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">の か\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：うん 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Are (you) excited because (you) are traveling with (your) family tomorrow? \u003Cbr> B: Yeah.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.167-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be placed at the end of a question to turn it from a direct into an indirect question, which is then embedded into another sentence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"どうして そんな こと[,事*こと] を 言[い,いう]った \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">の か\u003C\u002Fstrong>、まだ 理解[りかい] でき[,できる]ない。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I still can’t understand why you said something like that.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.167-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The phrase \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どうして そんな こと[,事*こと] を 言[い,いう]った ？\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Why did you say something like that?\"\n }), \" would be a direct question; that is, it expresses an explicit desire for an answer from the person you ask. However, in the above example you can see how \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is not a direct question.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + のか\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる の か\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + のか\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"軽[かる,かるい]い の か\",\n 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\"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"なんだ、猫[ねこ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だった の か\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。誰[だれ] か 人[ひと] が いる[,居る*いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">の か\u003C\u002Fstrong> と 思[おも,おもう]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What? It was a cat. I thought someone was there.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.167-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[1331,3095,820],[],{"id":3113,"title":3114,"mod":3115,"grammarPoint":3116,"grammarPointTitle":3117,"grammarPointDescription":3118,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3119,"similarGrammarPoints":3120,"tags":3121,"content":3122,"dependentGrammarPoints":3123,"language":22,"similarPoints":3124,"prereqPoints":3125},20463397960109,"「自分」Talk about oneself",1769138565335,"zi4-fen1-talk-about-self","[JLPT N5] 「自分」 (jibun) | Talk About Oneself | Japanese Grammar","自分 adds an introspective nuance. It can function as a pronoun for oneself, but it can also refer to someone else as if you are telling a story from their point of view.",[],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「自分」Talk about oneself\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Own, self\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used in a sentence, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" adds an introspective nuance. It can function as a pronoun for oneself, but it can also refer to someone else as if you are telling a story from their point of view. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"myself\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"yourself\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"himself\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"herself\"\n }), \", but it's important not to cling too hard to these English notions since \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is different. The best course of action is to learn how to use this word from context since it can be quite difficult to understand from an explanation alone.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's look at the first use case as a reflexive pronoun.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"妹[いもうと] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">自分[じぶん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> が 可愛[かわい,かわいい]い こと[,事*こと] を 知[し,しる]って いる[,居る*いる] から 、わがまま を 言[い,いう]って ばかり いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) younger sister knows she is cute, so (she) always says selfish things.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.168-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here it is a reflexive pronoun that refers back to the subject of the sentence, which is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"妹[いもうと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It can also refer to things you own. This can be seen in the pattern \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"one's own A\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">自分[じぶん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 弱点[じゃくてん] を 知[し,しる]る こと[,事*こと] は とても 大切[たいせつ] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Knowing your own weaknesses is very important.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.168-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Lastly, it can be used as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん] で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as a way to say that you did something yourself without the help of someone else.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">自分[じぶん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 部屋[へや] くらい、自分[じぶん] で 片[かた,かたづける]づけなさい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"At least clean your own room yourself.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.168-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, this adds another layer of specificity and indicates that the speaker themselves understands what clothes fit them, and nobody else. 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Well, let's take a look.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう] は ６時[ろくじ,時*じ] に 起[お,おきる]きた 。\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">それから\u003C\u002Fstrong> 夜[よる] １０時[じゅうじ,時*じ] に 寝[ね,ねる]た。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yesterday I woke up at 6:00 am. Then I went to bed at 10 pm.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.169-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう] は ６時[ろくじ,時*じ] に 起[お,おきる]きた 。\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">そして\u003C\u002Fstrong> 夜[よる] １０時[じゅうじ,時*じ] に 寝[ね,ねる]た。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yesterday I woke up at 6:00 am. Then I went to bed at 10 pm.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.169-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the above example, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そして\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the better option. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それから\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is for actions that follow right after one another. However, usually a lot happens between getting up at 6 am and going to bed at 10 pm. Thus, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そして\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the way to go when you merely want to provide supplemental information.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":3141,"title":3142,"mod":3143,"grammarPoint":3144,"grammarPointTitle":3145,"grammarPointDescription":3146,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3147,"similarGrammarPoints":3148,"tags":3149,"content":3150,"dependentGrammarPoints":3151,"language":22,"similarPoints":3152,"prereqPoints":3153},20463397960111,"「する」(4) Express things you perceive",1769138604020,"suru-4-express-perception","[JLPT N5] 「する」 (suru) | Express What You Perceive | Japanese Grammar","Another usage of する is to express that something can be perceived through someone's non-visual senses, like smell, taste, or sound.",[756,757,758,1880],[],[23,17,970],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「する」(4) Express things you perceive\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Hear, smell, feel\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's add two other usages of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the list of things that can be expressed in Japanese, which may not be apparent to English speakers.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The first usage indicates that something can be perceived by someone's non-visual senses. The general structure here is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> が する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with the source of the sound, taste, smell, or feeling being marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この ドアノブ は ピザ の 味[あじ] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">する[,為る*する]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This doorknob tastes like pizza. \u003Cbr> (Literally: does the taste of pizza)\",\n audio: 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This construction allows the sensory experience—such as a sound, smell, taste, or physical sensation, to be the subject of the sentence, with the source being marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Instead of using a specific verb for each sensory experience like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to smell\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to hear\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used, and instead of the person perceiving the sensation being the subject, the taste, smell or sound is.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Obviously, the concept of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I hear\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I smell\"\n }), \" can also be expressed in Japanese. 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Each day ends with the word 曜日, meaning \"day of the week.\"",[],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The days of the week\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Japanese days of the week are based on the names of the planets and classical elements, just like in many other languages. Each day ends with the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"曜日[ようび]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"day of the week\"\n }), \". Learning these names will help you talk about schedules, make plans, and understand calendars in Japanese. In this lesson, we’ll explore each day, what it literally means, and how to use them naturally in everyday conversation.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"月曜日[げつようび]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"'Monday' \u003Cbr> [Kanji meaning: Moon]\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"火曜日[かようび]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"'Tuesday' \u003Cbr> [Kanji meaning: Fire]\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"水曜日[すいようび]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"'Wednesday' \u003Cbr> [Kanji meaning: Water]\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"木曜日[もくようび]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"'Thursday' \u003Cbr> [Kanji meaning: Tree\u002FWood]\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"金曜日[きんようび]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"'Friday' \u003Cbr> [Kanji meaning: Gold]\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"土曜日[どようび]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"'Saturday' \u003Cbr> [Kanji meaning: Soil]\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日曜日[にちようび]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"'Sunday' \u003Cbr> [Kanji meaning: Sun]\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, all of the days end with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"曜日[ようび]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and each day has a different kanji that represents it. The respective kanji alone can be used to abbreviate the day as well. For example, you could use just \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"金[きん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to refer to Friday. It's also common to use the first two kanji, such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"金曜[きんよう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">月曜日[げつようび]\u003C\u002Fstrong> から 新[あたら,あたらしい]しい 仕事[しごと] が 始[はじ,はじまる]まります 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My new job starts on Monday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.171-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">水曜日[すいようび]\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 図書館[としょかん] が 休[やす]み な の で 気[き] を つけ[,つける]て ください 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Be careful, the library is closed on Wednesdays.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.171-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":3169,"title":3170,"mod":822,"grammarPoint":3171,"grammarPointTitle":3172,"grammarPointDescription":3173,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3174,"similarGrammarPoints":3175,"tags":3176,"content":3177,"dependentGrammarPoints":3178,"language":22,"similarPoints":3179,"prereqPoints":3180},20463397960113,"「一体」\"What the heck\"","ittai-what-hell","[JLPT N3] 「一体」 (ittai) | \"What the Heck\" | Japanese Grammar","一体 is a useful adverb that can be hard to translate into English. It’s used to express the speaker’s bewilderment or surprise.",[],[],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「一体」\\\"What the heck\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Why in the world, what on earth\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一体[いったい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used with questions to convey the speaker's bewilderment or surprise.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">一体[いったい]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 何[なに] が 起[お,おきる]きた ん です か 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What on earth happened?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.172-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">一体[いったい]\u003C\u002Fstrong> どこ へ 行[い,いく]って しま[,しまう]った ん だろう 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Where on earth did he go?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.172-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is worth noting that, while not as common, the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一体全体[いったいぜんたい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used. This word has the same meaning as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一体[いったい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but expresses an even greater degree of bewilderment.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":3182,"title":3183,"mod":3184,"grammarPoint":3185,"grammarPointTitle":3186,"grammarPointDescription":3187,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3188,"similarGrammarPoints":3189,"tags":3190,"content":3191,"dependentGrammarPoints":3192,"language":22,"similarPoints":3193,"prereqPoints":3194},20463397960114,"「に」(5) Indicate a point in time",1763621349402,"ni-indicate-point-time","[JLPT N5] 「に」 (ni) | Indicate a Point In Time | Japanese Grammar","This に particle is handy when you use it with weekdays or other time expressions. In this usage, に shows a specific point in time when something happens, and it's often translated as \"on,\" \"at,\" or \"in.\"",[3155],[],[23,17,587],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「に」(5) Indicate a point in time\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"On, at, in\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" particle is useful when combined with the weekdays, or other time expressions. This usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" indicates a point in time at which something takes place and is often translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"on\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"at\"\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"兄[あに] は 金曜日[きんようび] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> イギリス に 行[い,いく]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My brother went to England on Friday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.173-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"春[はる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 彼[かれ] と 結婚[けっこん] する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"In the spring, (I) will marry him.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.173-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"６時[ろくじ,時*じ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 起[お,おきる]きる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Get up at six.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.173-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Combining に with は to mark the topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, each element of a sentence can represent a case, which tells us the function an element has in the sentence. As we learned in this lesson, the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case can indicate a point in time at which something takes place.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"土曜日[どようび] に 中国[ちゅうごく] か 韓国[かんこく] に 行[い,いく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm either going to China or Korea on Saturday.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this sentence, the case \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"土曜日[どようび] に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" tells us when the speaker is going to go to China or Korea. Each case like this in a Japanese sentence can be turned into the topic of the sentence using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". 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We included a list below of some of the common ones, but, as already mentioned, you needn't worry about memorizing them right now. You will have most of them down in no time by engaging with Japanese content.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"today\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.173-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"yesterday\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.173-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"明日[あした]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"tomorrow\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.173-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"一昨日[おととい]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"day before yesterday\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.173-7-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"来年[らいねん]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"next year\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.173-8-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"最近[さいきん]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"lately\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.173-9-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, all of those examples rely on a frame of reference, i.e. they are relative time expressions. \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Yesterday\"\n }), \" is going to be a different day today than it is tomorrow.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3195],{"id":3155,"title":3156,"mod":3157,"grammarPoint":3158,"grammarPointTitle":3159,"grammarPointDescription":3160,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3161,"similarGrammarPoints":3162,"tags":3196,"content":3164,"dependentGrammarPoints":3165,"language":22},[27,21],{"id":3198,"title":3199,"mod":3200,"grammarPoint":3201,"grammarPointTitle":3202,"grammarPointDescription":3203,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3204,"similarGrammarPoints":3205,"tags":3206,"content":3212,"dependentGrammarPoints":3213,"language":22,"similarPoints":3214,"prereqPoints":3215},20463397960115,"The numbers 1–10",1769139126607,"the-numbers-1","[JLPT N5] | The Numbers 1–10 | Japanese Grammar","In Japanese, counting from 1 to 10 is one of the first steps toward understanding the language’s rhythm and sound. Let’s take a look at the basic numbers from 1 to 10 and build a foundation you’ll use throughout your Japanese learning journey.",[],[],[23,17,3207],{"id":3208,"title":3209,"description":3210,"slug":3211,"language":22},"1741861144144","Numbers And Counters","Lesson teaches about numbers and counters","japanese-numbers-and-counters","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiAudioTap, UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiImage, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiAudioTap) _missingMdxReference(\"UiAudioTap\", true);\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiImage) _missingMdxReference(\"UiImage\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The numbers 1–10\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It may seem like overkill to dedicate a whole lesson to the numbers 1-10, but Japanese numbers can be overwhelming, so it's best to approach them in manageable chunks.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kanji\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Reading\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n 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rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"二[に]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.174-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"2\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"三[さん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.174-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"さん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"3\"\n 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\"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"5\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"六[ろく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.174-7-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ろく\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"6\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"七[なな]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.174-8-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"7\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"八[はち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.174-9-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"はち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"8\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"九[きゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.174-10-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"きゅう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"9\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"十[じゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.174-11-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゅう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"10\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"四\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"七\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are both a bit unusual, especially when counting, since the way they are read changes when counting up versus counting down.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When counting up, they are read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", respectively.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When counting down, on the other hand, they are read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", respectively.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"So, the Chinese reading is used when counting up, and the Japanese reading is used when counting down.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"However,\"\n }), \" in almost all numbers above ten and in most other cases, you will find \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"四\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"七\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for 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Because of this, we will be using these two readings here at first, as they are the ones that will help you the most when memorizing.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When representing the Arabic numeral \\\"0\\\" in kanji, the common character used is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"零[!れい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"However, in some cases, it is replaced with \\\"〇\\\". For example, 100% may be written as 一〇〇％. 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_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"二[に]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"三[さん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", are collectively called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"小字[!しょうじ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"small characters\"\n }), \", while the second set is called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"大字[!だいじ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"large characters\"\n }), \" and consists of characters like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"壱[!いち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"弐[!に]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"参[!さん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Both sets of characters have the exact same meaning, so you might wonder why both exist in the first place. You will understand in a moment, it is actually quite logical.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Normally, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"小字[しょうじ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are used, but because they contain fewer strokes, they can be more easily tampered with. For example, if you have a ledger that says \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一万円[いちまんえん,円*えん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"10.000 yen\"\n }), \", you could simply add a 丨 to turn it into \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"十万円[じゅうまんえん,円*えん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"100.000 yen\"\n }), \", add 乚 to turn it into \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"七万円[ななまんえん,円*えん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"70.000 yen\"\n }), \", or add multiple strokes to turn it into \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"廿万円[にじゅうまんえん,円*えん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"200.000 yen\"\n }), \". As you can see, this drastically changes the amount.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To avoid this, the character \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"壱[!いち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" was used instead, as it cannot be easily altered.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"These \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"大字[だいじ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" were often used for important legal documents and accounting records (for example, in family registries, receipts, and registrations) until Arabic numerals became widely adopted. In the past, large characters were even used up to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"万[まん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"ten-thousand\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here you can see and example of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"大字[だいじ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" being used in the modern day, with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"壱[!いち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in the top left.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F10000yen.webp\",\n alt: \"10.000 yen\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here is the full list of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"大字[だいじ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Don't worry about the numbers above 10 for now, as well will introduce them later in this course!\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Numeral\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"小字[しょうじ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"大字[だいじ]\",\n typoProps: {\n 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\"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"五[ご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"伍[ご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"6\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"六[ろく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n 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true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"質[しち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"8\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"八[はち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"捌[はち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", 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1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"萬[まん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Note that the chracters shown here are their \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"新字体[!しんじたい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"new\u002Fsimplified kanji\"\n }), \" form and in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"旧字体[!きゅうじたい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"traditional kanji\"\n }), \" form they do look a bit different.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":3217,"title":3218,"mod":3219,"grammarPoint":3220,"grammarPointTitle":3221,"grammarPointDescription":3222,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3223,"similarGrammarPoints":3224,"tags":3225,"content":3226,"dependentGrammarPoints":3227,"language":22,"similarPoints":3228,"prereqPoints":3229},20463397960116,"The numbers 11–100",1769138706927,"the-numbers-2","[JLPT N5] | The Numbers 11–100 | Japanese Grammar","Japanese numbers are simple and logical. Once you learn 1–10, you can combine them to form any number up to 99. For example, 11 is “10 + 1,” and 34 is “3 × 10 + 4.”",[3198],[],[23,17,3207],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiAudioTap, UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiAudioTap) _missingMdxReference(\"UiAudioTap\", true);\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The numbers 11–100\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Compared to the numbers 1 to 10, the numbers up to 100 are pretty easy, as they are pretty consistent. You just need to stick the numbers together and read them in order. For example, 11 is \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"juuichi\"\n }), \", which is the word for 10 and 1 read one after the other.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kanji\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Reading\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"十一[じゅういち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.175-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゅういち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"11\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"十二[じゅうに]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.175-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゅうに\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"12\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"十三[じゅうさん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.175-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゅうさん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: 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_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"15\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"十六[じゅうろく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.175-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: 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\"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゅうなな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"17\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"十八[じゅうはち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.175-8-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゅうはち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"18\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"十九[じゅうきゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.175-9-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゅうきゅう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"19\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"二十[にじゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.175-10-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"にじゅう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"20\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, the pattern continues. To go up to 20, you just put \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in front of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゅう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and you are done. For 30 you put \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"さん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in front, for 40, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and so on. Here are some examples up to 99.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kanji\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Reading\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"二十八[にじゅうはち]\",\n 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\"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"81\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"九十九[きゅうじゅうきゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.175-17-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"きゅうじゅうきゅう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"99\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3230],{"id":3198,"title":3199,"mod":3200,"grammarPoint":3201,"grammarPointTitle":3202,"grammarPointDescription":3203,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3204,"similarGrammarPoints":3205,"tags":3231,"content":3212,"dependentGrammarPoints":3213,"language":22},[27,21,3211],{"id":3233,"title":3234,"mod":3235,"grammarPoint":3236,"grammarPointTitle":3237,"grammarPointDescription":3238,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3239,"similarGrammarPoints":3240,"tags":3241,"content":3242,"dependentGrammarPoints":3243,"language":22,"similarPoints":3244,"prereqPoints":3245},20463397960117,"The months of the year",1763639260465,"the-months-year","[JLPT N5] | Japanese Months of the Year | Japanese Grammar","Learning the months in Japanese is easier than you might expect. Unlike English, Japanese names for the months follow a simple number-based system: “1st month,” “2nd month,” “3rd month,” and so on.",[3198,3217],[],[23,17,3207],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiAudioTap, UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiAudioTap) _missingMdxReference(\"UiAudioTap\", true);\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The months of the year\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Learning the months in Japanese is easier than you might expect. Unlike English, Japanese names for the months follow a simple number-based system: “1st month,” “2nd month,” “3rd month,” and so on.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Luckily, the months of the year all follow the same pattern: the Sino-Japanese readings are combined with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"月[つき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"month\"\n }), \". The only thing you have to remember is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"月\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is not read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"つき\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", as it usually is when written on its own, but rather \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"がつ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Month\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n 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[_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"February\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"2月[!にがつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.176-7-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"March\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"3月[!さんがつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.176-8-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"April\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"4月[!しがつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.176-9-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"May\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"5月[!ごがつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.176-10-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"June\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"6月[!ろくがつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.176-11-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"July\"\n })\n }), 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\"8月[!はちがつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.176-13-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"September\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"9月[!くがつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.176-14-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"October\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"10月[!じゅうがつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.176-15-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"November\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"11月[!じゅういちがつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.176-16-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"December\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"12月[!じゅうにがつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.176-17-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">四月[しがつ]\u003C\u002Fstrong> から 日本[にほん] で 働[はたら,はたらく]く こと[,事*こと] に な[,成る*なる]りました 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’m going to start working in Japan from April.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.176-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">７月[しちがつ]\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 祭[まつ]り は とても にぎやか でした 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The July festival was very lively.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.176-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As you can see, it's pretty straightforward. Also, I wrote the numbers in Arabic numerals, but they can just as well be written in kanji. Although the Arabic writing is more common, which makes it easier for us.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here are three other useful month terms:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先月[!せんげつ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"last month\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.176-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今月[!こんげつ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"this month\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.176-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"来月[!らいげつ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"next month\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.176-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Be careful not to make broad assumptions about how the months are read. 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Words morphed, were replaced, or completely new words were created, and the months are no exception.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The form that is used today mostly uses the Sino-Japanese readings of the numbers, but there also exist old Japanese words. These native Japanese words are called Yamato kotoba (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"大和言葉[やまとことば]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"). For numbers and many counters, they often follow relatively easy-to-remember rules. However, when it comes to months, it's a bit more complicated, as there is no coherent system; instead, a specific word was used for each month.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"But remember, what follows is merely a \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"cool to know\"\n }), \" kind of thing and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"not something you need to remember\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Month\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Current Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n 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\"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"3月[!さんがつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"弥生[!やよい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"April\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"4月[!しがつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: 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3\n },\n syntax: \"12月[!じゅうにがつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"師走[!しわす]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are also explanations as to why these specific kanji were used to write these specific months and what they mean. However, going into that would lead us a bit too far, so I will stop here. If you are curious, you can google \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"和風月名[!わふうげつめい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to find these explanations.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"We will talk more about Yamato kotoba in other numbers and counters lessons.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3230,3246],{"id":3217,"title":3218,"mod":3219,"grammarPoint":3220,"grammarPointTitle":3221,"grammarPointDescription":3222,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3223,"similarGrammarPoints":3224,"tags":3247,"content":3226,"dependentGrammarPoints":3227,"language":22},[27,21,3211],{"id":2579,"title":3249,"mod":3250,"grammarPoint":3251,"grammarPointTitle":3252,"grammarPointDescription":3253,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3254,"similarGrammarPoints":3255,"tags":3256,"content":3257,"dependentGrammarPoints":3258,"language":22,"similarPoints":3259,"prereqPoints":3260},"Telling time",1769139126608,"time","[JLPT N5] | Telling Time In Japanese | Japanese Grammar","Expressing time in Japanese is pretty straightforward. All you have to do is combine a number with 時. There are just a few things to watch out for, since the readings can change a bit here and there. So keep an eye on it!",[3198,3217],[],[23,17,3207],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiAudioTap, UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiAudioTap) _missingMdxReference(\"UiAudioTap\", true);\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Telling time\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Hours, minutes, and seconds\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It's time to talk about time in Japanese! Luckily, expressing the time of day is not too bad and similar to the months of the year; to form them you attach the Sino-Japanese readings to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"時[!じ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"hour\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Hours of the day:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kanji\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: 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{})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いちじ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"1 o'clock\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"２時[にじ,時*じ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.177-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": 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{\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">５時[ごじ,時*じ]\u003C\u002Fstrong> まで に この レポート を 完成[かんせい] させ[,させる]たい です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to finish this report by five o’clock.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.177-15-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, we have a small sound shift in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"４時[よじ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as it is read よじ instead of よんじ as one would expect. Changes like this are pretty common when it comes to numbers and counters.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For minutes, Sino-Japanese readings are combined with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"分[!ふん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"minute\"\n }), \", though here we have more novel readings.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kanji\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Reading\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１分[いっぷん,分*ふん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.177-16-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いっぷん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"one minute\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"２分[にふん,分*ふん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.177-17-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"にふん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"two minutes\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"３分[さんぷん,分*ふん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.177-18-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"さんぷん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"three minutes\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"４分[よんぷん,分*ふん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.177-19-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よんぷん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"four minutes\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"５分[ごふん,分*ふん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.177-20-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ごふん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"five minutes\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"６分[ろっぷん,分*ふん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.177-21-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ろっぷん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"six minutes\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"７分[ななふん,分*ふん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.177-22-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ななふん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"seven minutes\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"８分[はっぷん,分*ふん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.177-23-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"はっぷん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"eight minutes\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"９分[きゅうふん,分*ふん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.177-24-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"きゅうふん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"nine minutes\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１０分[じゅっぷん,分*ふん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.177-25-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {})\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゅっぷん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ten minutes\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To form all other readings, you simply combine the tens place word with the single digit readings above. For example, 23 minutes is read \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"にじゅうさんぷん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is the word for \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"twenty\"\n }), \" plus the word for \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"three minutes\"\n }), \". So once you know the readings above, you can express any minute mark.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この ケーキ 、焼き上[やきあ,やきあがる]がる まで あと \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">２５分[にじゅうごふん,分*ふん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> だ よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This cake has 25 minutes left until it’s done baking.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.177-26-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">４９分[よんじゅうきゅうふん,分*ふん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 歩[ある,あるく]いて、ようやく 山頂[さんちょう] に 着[つ,つく]いた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"After walking for 49 minutes, I finally reached the summit.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.177-27-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To count seconds, the Sino-Japanese readings are combined with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"秒[!びょう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"second\"\n }), \". Luckily there are no special readings involved.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"アラーム が 鳴[な,なる]る まで あと \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">５７秒[ごじゅうななびょう,秒*びょう]\u003C\u002Fstrong> だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are 57 seconds left until the alarm goes off.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.177-28-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3230,3246],{"id":3262,"title":3263,"mod":3264,"grammarPoint":3265,"grammarPointTitle":3266,"grammarPointDescription":3267,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3268,"similarGrammarPoints":3269,"tags":3270,"content":3271,"dependentGrammarPoints":3272,"language":22,"similarPoints":3273,"prereqPoints":3274},20463397960119,"「で」(2) Indicate a time",1763638776783,"de-2-indicate-time","[JLPT N5] 「で」 (de) | Indicate a Specific Time | Japanese Grammar","で can be used to indicate a point in time similar to \"in,\" \"on,\" or \"at\" in English. This usage of で is attached directly to the noun that indicates the time.",[2579],[],[23,17,137,567],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「で」(2) Indicate a time\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"On, at, in\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to indicate a point in time similar to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"on\"\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"at\"\n }), \" in English. This usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is attached directly to the noun that indicates the time.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] の 子供[こども] は 今日[きょう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で\u003C\u002Fstrong> この 学校[がっこう] を 卒業[そつぎょう] する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) child is graduating from this school today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.178-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今夜[こんや] の ２１時[にじゅういちじ,時*じ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で\u003C\u002Fstrong> 先生[せんせい] と さよなら だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tonight at 9 o'clock, (we'll) say goodbye to the teacher.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.178-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You may be thinking, \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Now, this sounds exactly like using に\"\n }), \". And you would be right, but there is a nuance to keep in mind.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"夜[よる] の ８時[はちじ,時*じ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で \u002F に\u003C\u002Fstrong>、あの ピザ 屋[や] が 閉[し,しまる]まる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That pizza shop closes at 8 pm.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.178-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The difference between using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is that using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has the nuance that the store is open until 8 pm. While \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" just shows the time at which it closes. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" puts a target \", _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"🎯\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f3af.png\"\n }), \" on the point in time at which the store closes.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Making a time the topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, each element of a sentence can represent a case, which tells us the function an element has in the sentence. As we learned in this lesson, the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case can indicate a point in time at which something takes place.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"9時[くじ,時*じ] で 仕事[しごと] は 終[お,おわる]わらない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"By 9 o'clock, work won't be finished.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this sentence our case \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"9時[くじ] で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", tells us that work won't be finished by 9 pm. Each case like this in a Japanese sentence can be turned into the topic of the sentence using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Depending on the particle the element uses, the change to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" looks a bit different.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Below you can see an overview of the changes that happen when turning a case into our topic.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Case\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"には\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"では\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へは\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"とは\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, when our \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case is turned into the topic with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", they are combined to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\\nLet's now take our example from above and turn our \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case into the topic.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"9時[くじ,時*じ] で は、仕事[しごと] は 終[お,おわる]わらない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"As for 9 o'clock, the work won't be finished (by then).\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So, what is different from the first version of this sentence? The most likely interpretation is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to add contrast. It implies that work won't be finished by 9 pm, but it might be finished at another time. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nWithout the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", our sentence just makes a neutral statement.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3275],{"id":2579,"title":3249,"mod":3250,"grammarPoint":3251,"grammarPointTitle":3252,"grammarPointDescription":3253,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3254,"similarGrammarPoints":3255,"tags":3276,"content":3257,"dependentGrammarPoints":3258,"language":22},[27,21,3211],{"id":3278,"title":3279,"mod":3280,"grammarPoint":3281,"grammarPointTitle":3282,"grammarPointDescription":3283,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3284,"similarGrammarPoints":3285,"tags":3286,"content":3287,"dependentGrammarPoints":3288,"language":22,"similarPoints":3289,"prereqPoints":3290},20463397960120,"The native Japanese numbers",1763640616148,"the-native-japanese-numbers","[JLPT N5] | Native Japanese Numbers | Japanese Grammar","One of the difficulties of numbers in Japanese is that they can be read in two ways: the Sino-Japanese way and the native Japanese way. Both are used depending on the word and what you want to express.",[],[],[23,17,3207],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const _components = {\n p: \"p\",\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n }, {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = _components;\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The native Japanese numbers\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"One of the difficulties of numbers in Japanese is that they can be read in two ways: the Sino-Japanese way and the native Japanese way. Both are used depending on the word and what you want to express.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"While Sino-Japanese readings are used when numbers are pronounced alone, native Japanese readings are used depending on the counter used with the numbers. Here are the native Japanese readings for numbers up to 10:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"なし\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Zero\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.179-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"一[!ひと] ・ 一[!ひ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"One\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.179-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"二[!ふた] ・ 二[!ふ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Two\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.179-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"三[!み]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Three\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.179-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"四[!よ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Four\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.179-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"五[!いつ] ・ 五[!い]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Five\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.179-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"六[!む]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Six\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.179-7-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"七[!なな] ・ 七[!な]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Seven\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.179-8-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"八[!や]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Eight\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.179-9-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"九[!ここの] ・ 九[!こ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Nine\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.179-10-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"十[!とお] ・ 十[!と]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Ten\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.179-11-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"These readings are rarely used on their own and mostly appear when a number is combined with a counter. One of the most frequently used counters is つ, which combined with a number, is used as a generic counter for things.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">１つ[ひとつ]\u003C\u002Fstrong> だけ 質問[しつもん] し[,為る*する]て も いい[,良い*いい] です か 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"May I ask just one question?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.179-12-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"そっち に 卵[たまご] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">3つ[みっつ]\u003C\u002Fstrong> ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are three eggs over there.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.179-13-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The reading とお for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"十[とお]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is rarely used. One of the most common places that it does actually occur is in the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１０日[!とおか]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"ten days\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"10th day of the month\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you ever plan to live in Japan, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１１０番[!ひゃくとおばん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also a word that you should remember, as it is the police emergency telephone number. Usually, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１１０[ひゃくじゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" would be read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ひゃくじゅう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but in this specific case it is read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ひゃくとお\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The reason this reading became widely used is because of a line spoken by a police officer in the opening of Japan's first detective drama series, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ダイヤル １１０番[ひゃくとおばん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". 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}), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Obviously the rest of the numbers also have native Japanese readings, but those are, with the exception of some rare occurrences, almost never used. If you are curious, read on, but what follows is merely a \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"cool to know\"\n }), \" kind of thing and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"not something you need to remember\"\n }), \". But hey, it may help you make sense of the rare words that do use those readings, so here we go.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The first difference is in how the numbers up to 10 were counted. Today you would count as follows: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いち・に・さん・よん・ご・ろく・なな・はち・きゅう・じゅう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In native Japanese words, or Yamato kotoba (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"大和言葉[やまとことば]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") as they are called, you would count the same numbers as:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ひい・ふう・みい・よう・いつ・むう・なな・やあ・ここ・とお\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(_components.p, {\n children: \"or\"\n }), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ひー・ふー・みー・よー・いー・むー・なー・やー・こー・とー\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Now let's look over some general rules when it comes to counting over 10:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For the ten's, the \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"one\"\n }), \"-column is used and そ is added.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For hundred's the \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"one\"\n }), \"-column is used again, with ほ being added. In modern Japanese the pronunciation of ほ shifted to お.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For thousand's, the stem plus ち is used.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For ten thousand's the Japanese reading is よろづ. For everything over 10.000 you just attach this reading to the stem of the \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"one\"\n }), \"-column again. In modern Japanese づ shifted to ず.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Readings that do not follow the above rules are bolded.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"#\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Ten's\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Hundred's\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Thousand's\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Ten Thousand's\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"1\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"とお\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"もも\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ち\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"よろ(づ\u002Fず)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"2\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"はた\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ふた(ほ\u002Fお)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ふたち\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ふたよろ(づ\u002Fず)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"3\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"みそ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"み(ほ\u002Fお)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"みち\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"みよろ(づ\u002Fず)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"4\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"よそ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"よ(ほ\u002Fお)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"よち\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"よよろ(づ\u002Fず)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"5\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"いそ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"い(ほ\u002Fお)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"いち\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"いよろ(づ\u002Fず)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"6\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"むそ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"む(ほ\u002Fお)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"むち\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"むよろ(づ\u002Fず)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"7\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ななそ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"なな(ほ\u002Fお)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ななち\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ななよろ(づ\u002Fず)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"8\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"やそ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"や(ほ\u002Fお)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"やち\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"やよろ(づ\u002Fず)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"9\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ここのそ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ここの(ほ\u002Fお)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ここのち\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ここのよろ(づ\u002Fず)\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When counting above 10, two things must be kept in mind:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Numbers up to 9 are put into their つ-form, which is slightly different from today's form.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For numbers with multiple digits, each digit is followed by あまり or まり.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"First, here is the つ-form for all numbers up to 9, with their current form in brackets:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"#\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Reading\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"1\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ひとつ\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"2\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ふたつ\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"3\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"みつ (みっつ)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"4\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"よつ (よっつ)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"5\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"いつつ\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"6\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"むつ (むっつ)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"7\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ななつ\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"8\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"やつ (やっつ)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"9\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ここのつ\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here are some examples of numbers with multiple digits above ten:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"#\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Reading\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"13\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"とお あまり みつ\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"14\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"とを あまり よつ\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"25\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"はた あまり いつつ\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"101\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"もも あまり ひとつ\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here are some words in modern Japanese that still use these old readings.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Example Word\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"二十歳[!はたち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Used to refer to someone at the age of 20. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" Can also be read as にじゅっさい.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"三十路[!みそじ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Used to refer to someone at the age of 30. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" Usually carries a negative nuance that you are getting old.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"四十路[!よそじ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Used to refer to someone at the age of 40. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" Not as common as the other two.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"八百屋[!やおや]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Greengrocer\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"大晦日[!おおみそか]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"The last day of december, which in the lunar calender had 29 to 30 days. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" みそか means 30 days, with か being the counter for days.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"万屋[!よろずや]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Refers to a general store that sells all kinds of goods.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"八百万[!やおよろず]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"myriad\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" but is also used in the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"八百万[!やおよろず] の 神[!かみ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" which refers to all the gods and goddesses.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":2439,"title":2573,"mod":2574,"grammarPoint":2575,"grammarPointTitle":2576,"grammarPointDescription":2577,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2578,"similarGrammarPoints":2580,"tags":3292,"content":2583,"dependentGrammarPoints":2584,"language":22,"similarPoints":3297,"prereqPoints":3298},[23,17,137,3293],{"id":3294,"title":3295,"description":3296,"slug":2582,"language":22},"1744427793150","から Series","Lesson uses から in some way",[],[3275],{"id":3300,"title":3301,"mod":3302,"grammarPoint":3303,"grammarPointTitle":3304,"grammarPointDescription":3305,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3306,"similarGrammarPoints":3307,"tags":3308,"content":3309,"dependentGrammarPoints":3310,"language":22,"similarPoints":3311,"prereqPoints":3312},20463397960122,"Express a duration of time",1769138934361,"express-time-durations","[JLPT N5] | Express Time Durations | Japanese Grammar","Expressing a specific time and expressing a duration are a bit different in Japanese. Now, let's learn how to express a time frame instead of a single point in time or month.",[3198,3217,3278],[],[23,17,3207],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiAudioTap, UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiAudioTap) _missingMdxReference(\"UiAudioTap\", true);\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Express a duration of time\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Expressing a specific time and expressing a duration are a bit different in Japanese. Now, let's learn how to express a time frame instead of a single point in time or month. For all of them \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"間[かん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is necessary, but this time it is not read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あいだ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" but as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's start with time. Simply add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"間[かん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" after the time duration.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"２時間[!にじかん,時間*じかん]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Two hours\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.181-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"３０時間[!さんじゅうじかん,時間*じかん]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Thirty hours\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.181-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"２時間[!にじかん,時間*じかん] 半[!はん]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Two and a half hours\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.181-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 毎日[まいにち] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">１時間[いちじかん,時間*じかん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> ジョギング を し[,為る*する]ます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I jog for one hour every day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.181-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 昨日[きのう] 、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">８時間[はちじかん,時間*じかん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> ぶっ通[ぶっとお]し で 働[はたら,はたらく]きました 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I worked straight for eight hours yesterday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.181-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"半[はん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be added to turn it into X + half an hour.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here are the other frequently used duration words, using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"間[かん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Number + \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"分間[!ふんかん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nNumber + \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"年間[!ねんかん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nNumber + \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"週間[!しゅうかん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For months it's a bit more complicated; instead of only adding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"間[かん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the month, you have to add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ヶ月[かげつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かげつ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It seems easy enough. The problem is that it changes the readings of some numbers. I will specifically list the months where the reading changes from what we learned before. All other ones have the same reading as the regular months.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.181-12-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１ヶ月[!いっかげつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.181-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"６ヶ月[!ろっかげつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.181-7-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"７ヶ月[!ななかげつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.181-8-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"９ヶ月[!きゅうかげつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.181-10-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１０ヶ月[!じゅっかげつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.181-11-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１ヶ月半[!いっかげつはん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can also add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"間[かん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" here, but it changes the nuance slightly. For example, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１ヶ月[いっかげつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" simply expresses the duration of one month. However, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１ヶ月間[いっかげつかん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to express that something takes place (or not) continuously during the period of one month. You can also rewrite this as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１ヶ月[いっかげつ] の 間[あいだ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Finally, just like with time, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"半[はん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be added to indicate X and half.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Note that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ヶ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ヶ月[かげつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is just one of several variants that express the same meaning. In addition to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ヶ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you might also see \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"カ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ケ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"箇[か]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"個[か]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Some variants are used more frequently than others, but they all express the same thing.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For example, the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Nihon Keizai Shimbun\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"日本経済新聞[にほんけいざいしんぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", an economic newspaper) tends to prefer \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"カ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", while \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"NHK News\"\n }), \" typically uses \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiMigachuToggle, 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(component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3230,3246,3313],{"id":3278,"title":3279,"mod":3280,"grammarPoint":3281,"grammarPointTitle":3282,"grammarPointDescription":3283,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3284,"similarGrammarPoints":3285,"tags":3314,"content":3287,"dependentGrammarPoints":3288,"language":22},[27,21,3211],{"id":3316,"title":3317,"mod":3318,"grammarPoint":3319,"grammarPointTitle":3320,"grammarPointDescription":3321,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3322,"similarGrammarPoints":3325,"tags":3326,"content":3327,"dependentGrammarPoints":3328,"language":22,"similarPoints":3329,"prereqPoints":3330},20463397960123,"「で」(3) Indicate the means by which something is done",1769138957843,"de-3-the-tools-trade","[JLPT N5] 「で」 (de) | Indicate the Means By Which Something Is Done | Japanese Grammar","で can be used to show that something is used for a particular purpose. In most cases, thinking of it as \"with\" will help you understand its usage.",[3323,3324],20463397960124,20463397960166,[],[23,17,567],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「で」(3) Indicate the means by which something is done\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Using, with, by, for\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to show that something is used for a particular purpose. In most cases, thinking of it as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"with\"\n }), \" will help you understand its usage.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The first usage identifies the means or tool \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"with\"\n }), \" which something is accomplished.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"バス \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で\u003C\u002Fstrong> 街[まち] の 中心[ちゅうしん] まで 行[い,いく]けます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You can get to the city center by bus.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.182-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"箸[はし] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で\u003C\u002Fstrong> ケーキ を 食[た,たべる]べる の は 少[すこ]し 難[むずか,むずかしい]しい です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Eating cake with chopsticks is a bit difficult.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.182-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" that falls under the same category is when it is used to indicate a cost, whether in terms of time or money.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"一日[いちにち] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で\u003C\u002Fstrong> この 本[ほん] を 読[よ,よむ]み 終[お,おえる]えた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I finished reading this book in one day\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.182-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 野菜[やさい] は ５０円[ごじゅうえん,円*えん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で\u003C\u002Fstrong> 買[か,かう]った 。とても 安[やす,やすい]くて 嬉[うれ,うれしい]しかった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) bought this vegetable for 50 yen. (I) was happy because (it) was very cheap.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.182-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You may have seen the phrase \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何 で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It has two possible readings. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なんで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なにで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with the former meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"why\"\n }), \" and the latter meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"with what\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Combining で with は to mark the topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, each element of a sentence can represent a case, which tells us the function an element has in the sentence. As we learned in this lesson, the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case can indicate a thing that is used for a specific purpose.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"箸[はし] で ケーキ を 食[た,たべる]べない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) don't eat cake with chopsticks.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this sentence the case \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"箸[はし] で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", tells us that chopsticks are the tool they don't eat with. Each case like this in a Japanese sentence can be turned into the topic of the sentence using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Depending on the particle the element uses, the change to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" looks a bit different.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Below you can see an overview of the changes that happen when turning a case into the topic.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Case\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"には\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"では\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へは\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"とは\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, when our \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case is turned into the topic with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", they are combined to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\\nLet's now take our example from above and turn our \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case into the topic.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"箸[はし] で は 、ケーキ を 食[た,たべる]べない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"As for chopsticks, (you) don't eat cake (with them).\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So, what is different from the first version of this sentence?\\nThe first sentence suggests that supposing one had chopsticks, the speaker would not eat cake with them, but perhaps they would with other tools. It could imply that using chopsticks is not suitable for eating cake. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nWithout the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the sentence just makes a neutral statement that the speaker does not eat cake with chopsticks.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"ToolでAction\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"バス で 行く[いく] ・ 箸[はし] で 食[た,たべる]べる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3331,3342],{"id":3323,"title":3332,"mod":3333,"grammarPoint":3334,"grammarPointTitle":3335,"grammarPointDescription":3336,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3337,"similarGrammarPoints":3338,"tags":3339,"content":3340,"dependentGrammarPoints":3341,"language":22},"Days of the month",1763697821864,"days-month","[JLPT N5] | Japanese Days of the Month | Japanese Grammar","The days in Japanese are one of the more difficult parts of the language to remember, which is due to the fact that a lot of counters use the Sino-Japanese numbers, but not days.",[3198,3217,3278],[],[27,21,3211],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiAudioTap, UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiAudioTap) _missingMdxReference(\"UiAudioTap\", true);\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Days of the month\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The days in Japanese are one of the more difficult parts of the language to remember, which is due to the fact that a lot of counters use the Sino-Japanese numbers, but not days. Days of the month are the special kid on the block. They use a mix of Sino-Japanese and native Japanese readings. You should also pay attention to the days from 2 to 10, 14, 19, 20, 24 and 29, as these are read a bit different than one might expect.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kanji\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Reading\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiAudioTap, {\n input: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.183-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n },\n children: _jsx(\"span\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"1日[ついたち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ついたち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"First day of the month\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n 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{\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"最近[さいきん] 事故[じこ] に 遭[あ,あう]って 足[あし] を 怪我[けが] し[,為る*する]て 、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">3日間[みっかかん,三日間*みっかかん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、病院[びょういん] に 入院[にゅういん] し[,為る*する]て い[,居る*いる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) recently had an accident, injured (my) leg, and was admitted to the hospital for three days.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.183-19-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The native Japanese readings from one to ten are used in other places as well, but \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"20日[はつか]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" stands out a bit, as this is a reading you almost never see. The native Japanese reading for 20 is はた, which undergoes a slight soundshift here, so we end up with はつ. One of the few other places where you will encounter this is in the counter for years of age, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"歳[さい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Here 20 years, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"二十歳[はたち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"はたち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一日[ついたち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also a bit of a special case, as it can be read as either \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ついたち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いちにち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" depending on context or intended meaning. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ついたち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the first day of the month\"\n }), \", while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いちにち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"one day\"\n }), \".\\nAll other days not listed just use the Sino-Japanese reading, followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"にち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"11日[!じゅういちにち]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"11th day of the month \u002F 11 days\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.183-20-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"25日[!にじゅうごにち]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"25th day of the month \u002F 25 days\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.183-21-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The 17th and the 27th are a bit special, as they can be read in two different ways. In both cases, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"七\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and there isn’t really a correct answer as to which one you should use. Regional differences, age, and company policy can influence how these two are pronounced, especially in professional settings.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In business phone calls, it’s relatively common to say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to avoid misunderstandings. Additionally, in the old Edo dialect, distinguishing between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ひ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" was difficult. Because of this, people used to pronounce it as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to avoid accidentally saying \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゅうひちにち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゅうしちにち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \").\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"NHK news stations are instructed to use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゅうしちにち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"にじゅうしちにち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", so you might occasionally hear this pronunciation there as well.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"So for you, it’s important to know that both of these variants exist, and as a learner, you can default to whichever you find easier to remember or pronounce.\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":3324,"title":3343,"mod":3344,"grammarPoint":3345,"grammarPointTitle":3346,"grammarPointDescription":3347,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3348,"similarGrammarPoints":3349,"tags":3350,"content":3351,"dependentGrammarPoints":3352,"language":22},"How to count things in Japanese",1769141024104,"the-counters","[JLPT N5] | 10 Common Japanese Counters | Japanese Grammar","Counters are an integral part of the Japanese language and learning when to use which counter is an important skill. In this article we go over the most important counters, their meaning and readings you should know.",[3198,3217,3278],[],[27,21,3211],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"How to count things in Japanese\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Japanese counters can be a challenge for many learners, but it's important to keep in mind that English also has a similar system. For example, \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"a school of fish\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"a slice of pizza\"\n }), \" serve the same function as counters by indicating what is being counted. Fortunately, there are only a few counters that are commonly used, so let's review them together. In the first example, we will provide all the readings up to 10, and for the following counters, we will only highlight the readings that differ from the standard Sino-Japanese readings.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To complicate things a bit, some counters use a combination of Sino-Japanese readings and native Japanese readings for numbers. Here are the most commonly used counters:\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"人[!ひと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used as a counter for people. As you can see, only the first two numbers use the native Japanese reading, and after that, it switches to the Sino-Japanese readings.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一人[!ひとり]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"one person\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"二人[!ふたり]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"two people\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"三人[!さんにん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"three people\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"四人[!よにん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"four people\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"五人[!ごにん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"five people\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"六人[!ろくにん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"six people\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"七人[!しちにん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"seven people\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"八人[!はちにん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eight people\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"九人[!きゅうにん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"nine people\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"十人[!じゅうにん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"ten people\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"本[!ほん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used as a counter for long and round objects such as pencils or umbrellas.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一本[!いっぽん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"one long round object\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"三本[!さんぼん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"three long round objects\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"六本[!ろっぽん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"six long round objects\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"八本[!はっぽん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eight long round objects\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"十本[!じゅっぽん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"ten long round objects\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see here, there are some sound changes that occur. For example for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"六本[ろっぽん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" instead of being pronounced as ろくほん is pronounced as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ろっぽん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Now we know how they change, it's tempting to want to know why. In this case, the rules behind these sound shifts are pretty complicated, so you will be much better off accepting that they are unique and just getting used to them with exposure. If you are still curious, you can look for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"半濁音化[はんだくおんか]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"連濁[れんだく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"促音便[そくおんびん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" online, and you will find articles discussing these sound shifts.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"台[!だい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used as a counter for vehicles and large machines or appliances. This counter only uses Sino-Japanese readings, and there are no surprises.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"４台[!よんだい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"four\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"７台[!ななだい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"seven\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"冊[!さつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used as a counter for books. All other numbers use the standard Sino-Japanese readings with no sound shifts.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１冊[!いっさつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"one book\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"８冊[!はっさつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eight books\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１０冊[!じゅっさつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"ten books\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 5\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"回[!かい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used for occurrences.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１回[!いっかい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"one time\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"６回[!ろっかい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"six times\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１０回[!じゅっかい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"ten times\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 6\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"階[!かい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used for floors in a building.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１階[!いっかい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"ground floor\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"３階[!さんがい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"third floor\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"６階[!ろっかい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"sixth floor\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１０階[!じゅっかい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"tenth floor\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, the ground floor is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１階[いっかい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and there is no alternative name for it. Thus, the first floor is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"２階[にかい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You may notice that the readings for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"回[かい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"階[かい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are mostly identical, except for the pitch. While \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"階[かい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" stays flat, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"回[かい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has a drop in pitch after か. If you want to learn more about pitch in Japanese, you can try out our Migaku Pitch Trainer.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 7\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"個[!こ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as a counter for small objects.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１個[!いっこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"one object\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"６個[!ろっこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"six objects\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"８個[!はっこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eight objects\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１０個[!じゅっこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"ten objects\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 8\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"枚[!まい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for flat and thin objects.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１枚[!いちまい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"one sheet\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"２枚[!にまい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n 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children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"８匹[!はっぴき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eight animals\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１０匹[!じゅっぴき]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"ten animals\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 10\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"And last but not least, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"歳[!さい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), 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children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here are two examples.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To count people, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to the number.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一人[!ひとり]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"one person\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"二人[!ふたり]\",\n typoProps: 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translation: \"five people\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, even though the rule is to add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the number, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一人[ひとり]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is not read \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ひとたり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"二人[ふたり]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is not read \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n 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Both of these undergo a shortening, while the rest stay consistent. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nFurthermore, if you go back to the beginning of this lesson, you can see that both of these old readings are still used today, while for all the others after \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"two people\"\n }), \", the readings have changed.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Age is a little bit more complicated. From one to nine years of age, the つ-form is used.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"１歳[!ひとつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"one year old\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"８歳[!やつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eight years old\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"９歳[!ここのつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"nine years old\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For ten years of age up to nineteen years of age, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"とお\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used as the reading for ten. 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For the second digit, the rule is the same as above.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"２０歳[!はたち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"twenty years old\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"２３歳[!はたちあまりみつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"twenty-three years old\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"３０歳[!みそぢ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"thirty years old\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"４０歳[!よそぢ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"fourty years old\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you may remember from the beginning of this lesson, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"２０歳[はたち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the only one of these readings that is still used in its old form today.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":3323,"title":3332,"mod":3333,"grammarPoint":3334,"grammarPointTitle":3335,"grammarPointDescription":3336,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3337,"similarGrammarPoints":3338,"tags":3354,"content":3340,"dependentGrammarPoints":3341,"language":22,"similarPoints":3355,"prereqPoints":3356},[23,17,3207],[],[3230,3246,3313],{"id":3358,"title":3359,"mod":3250,"grammarPoint":3360,"grammarPointTitle":3361,"grammarPointDescription":3362,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3363,"similarGrammarPoints":3364,"tags":3365,"content":3366,"dependentGrammarPoints":3367,"language":22,"similarPoints":3368,"prereqPoints":3369},20463397960125,"Expressing distances","expressing-distances","[JLPT N5] | Expressing Distances | Japanese Grammar","In addition to time, knowing distances is also important. There are many possible units of measure, such as miles, kilometers, meters, and millimeters, but we will focus on the most commonly used ones.",[3198,3217,3278],[],[23,17,3207],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Expressing distances\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Centimeters, meters, and kilometers\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In addition to time, knowing distances is also important. There are many possible units of measure, such as miles, kilometers, meters, and millimeters, but we will focus on the most commonly used ones. Unfortunately for Americans, Japan uses the metric system, so those familiar with it will have an easier time.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's first cover centimeters, meters and kilometers. We will focus on the readings that are not just combinations of the Sino-Japanese reading followed by a counter. So if it's not listed here, you can safely assume that it follows that pattern.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"First up, centimeters:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"１センチメートル[いっせんちめーとる,センチメートル*せんちめーとる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"1 centimeter (0.39 inches)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.184-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"７センチメートル[ななせんちめーとる,センチメートル*せんちめーとる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"7 centimeters (2.75 inches)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.184-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"８センチメートル[はっせんちめーとる,センチメートル*せんちめーとる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"8 centimeters (3.14 inches)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.184-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"９センチメートル[きゅうせんちめーとる,センチメートル*せんちめーとる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"9 centimeters (3.54 inches)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.184-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"１０センチメートル[じゅっせんちめーとる,センチメートル*せんちめーとる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"10 centimeters (3.93 inches)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.184-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 靴[くつ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">26センチ[にじゅうろくせんち,せんち]\u003C\u002Fstrong> で、私[わたし] の 足[あし] に ぴったり 合[あ,あう]います 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"These shoes are 26 centimeters and fit my feet perfectly.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.184-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"センチメートル\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can, and often is, abbreviated to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"センチ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Now for meters:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"７メートル[ななめーとる,メートル*めーとる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"7 meters (22 feet 11.59 inches)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.184-7-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"９メートル[きゅうめーとる,メートル*めーとる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"9 meters (29 feet 6.33 inches)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.184-8-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"１０メートル[じゅうめーとる,メートル*めーとる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"10 meters (32 feet 9.70 inches)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.184-9-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">三メートル[さんめーとる,メートル]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 先[さき] の 的[まと] を 簡単[かんたん] に 当[あ,あてる]てた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He easily hit the target three meters away.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.184-10-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"And lastly, kilometers:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"６キロメートル[ろっきろめーとる,キロメートル*きろめーとる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"6 kilometers (3.72 miles)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.184-11-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"７キロメートル[ななきろめーとる,キロメートル*きろめーとる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"7 kilometers (4.34 miles)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.184-12-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"９キロメートル[きゅうきろめーとる,キロメートル*きろめーとる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"9 kilometers (5.59 miles)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.184-13-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"１０キロメートル[じゅっきろめーとる,キロメートル*きろめーとる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"10 kilometers (6.21 miles)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.184-14-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] の 好[す]き な ピザ 屋[や] は 、ここ[,此処*ここ] から \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">12キロ[じゅうにきろ,キロ*きろ]\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 所[ところ] に ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The pizza shop I like is at a place 12 kilometers from here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.184-15-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"キロメートル\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can, and often is, abbreviated to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"キロ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here context makes it clear whether the meaning is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"kilometer\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"kilo\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3230,3246,3313],{"id":3371,"title":3372,"mod":3373,"grammarPoint":3374,"grammarPointTitle":3375,"grammarPointDescription":3376,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3377,"similarGrammarPoints":3378,"tags":3379,"content":3385,"dependentGrammarPoints":3386,"language":22,"similarPoints":3387,"prereqPoints":3388},20463397960126,"「まで」Expressing “until\" or “to\"",1769139014313,"made-expressing-until-to","[JLPT N5] 「まで」 (made) | Expressing \"Until\" or \"To\" | Japanese Grammar","まで can be used to express a meaning similar to the English \"until\" or \"up to.\" It can refer to physical distance or time, and it can also be used in a more metaphorical way.",[2579,3324],[],[23,17,3380],{"id":3381,"title":3382,"description":3383,"slug":3384,"language":22},"1744427813409","まで Series","Lesson uses まで in some way","japanese-made-series","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「まで」Expressing “until\\\" or “to\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Until, to, up to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's say you want to walk to the next station. Before going, you tell your friends that it will take you around 10 minutes to get there. How would you express this? This is where the grammar point for this lesson comes in, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"until\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"up to\"\n }), \" in most cases.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used in a physical or temporal sense, but also metaphorically. It's simply attached to a noun that represents a time or place.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"２時[にじ,時*じ] まで\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Until 2 o'clock\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another frequent structure is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> から \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> まで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" which expresses \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"from \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> to \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"朝[あさ] から 晩[ばん] まで\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"From morning to night\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"会社[かいしゃ] から 私[わたし] の 家[いえ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">まで\u003C\u002Fstrong> 車[くるま] で １時間[いちじかん,時間*じかん] かかる[,掛かる*かかる] 。遠[とお,とおい]い けど １年[いちねん,年*ねん] 経[た,たつ]って 慣[な,なれる]れた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"From the office to my home, it takes one hour by car. It's far, but (I) got used to (it) after 1 year.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.185-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can also think of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"until\"\n }), \" in a situation like this.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"８時[はちじ,時*じ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">まで\u003C\u002Fstrong> 友達[ともだち] と 話[はな,はなす]した 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I spoke with a friend until 8.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.185-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Even by itself, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses that the action started at an unspecified time before, and continued until 8 o'clock. This is important to keep in mind for the next lesson.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + まで\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる まで\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + まで\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学校[がっこう] まで\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Number-Counter + まで\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"五人[ごにん,人*にん] まで\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Goal-Place\u002FTimeまで\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] の 家[いえ] まで\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3275,3342],{"id":3390,"title":3391,"mod":3392,"grammarPoint":3393,"grammarPointTitle":3394,"grammarPointDescription":3395,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3396,"similarGrammarPoints":3397,"tags":3398,"content":3399,"dependentGrammarPoints":3400,"language":22,"similarPoints":3401,"prereqPoints":3402},20463397960127,"「までに」Set a deadline",1769139036065,"madeni-set-time-limit","[JLPT N5] 「までに」 (madeni) | Set a Deadline | Japanese Grammar","までに is used to mark the time limit for an action. You can think of it as setting a deadline, and it’s often translated as \"by,\" \"before,\" or \"not later than.\"",[3371],[],[1034,17,3380],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「までに」Set a deadline\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"By, not later than, before\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まで に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"by then\"\n }), \" is a good way to think about its meaning. As we've mentioned time and again, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" puts a target on the goal of an action. With this in mind, it's helpful to think of the target in this case as being a deadline.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"サッカー の 試合[しあい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">まで に\u003C\u002Fstrong> いっぱい 練習[れんしゅう] する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Before the soccer game, (I) will have practiced a lot.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.186-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"アメリカ に 行[い,いく]く \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">まで に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、いっぱい 英語[えいご] を 勉強[べんきょう] する[,為る*する] 予定[よてい] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"By the time I go to the US, (I) plan to have studied a lot of English.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.186-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 宿題[しゅくだい] は 金曜日[きんようび] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">まで に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 終[お,おわる]わらせて ください 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please finish this homework by Friday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.186-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"upper-latin\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" indicates that an action continues until a certain time. [Continuous action]\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まで に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with our target marker \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" on the other hand, tells us at what time the deadline for an action is. [Action has to occur by the designated time\u002Fdate]\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Therefore, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まで に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" cannot be used when the action that follows it is something continuous. In the following example, only \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is correct.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"８時[はちじ,時*じ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">まで\u003C\u002Fstrong> ここ で 待[ま,まつ]って る[,居る*いる] 。[Continuous]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’ll be waiting here until 8.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + までに\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"終[お,おわる]わる まで に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3403],{"id":3371,"title":3372,"mod":3373,"grammarPoint":3374,"grammarPointTitle":3375,"grammarPointDescription":3376,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3377,"similarGrammarPoints":3378,"tags":3404,"content":3385,"dependentGrammarPoints":3386,"language":22},[27,21,3384],{"id":3406,"title":3407,"mod":3408,"grammarPoint":3409,"grammarPointTitle":3410,"grammarPointDescription":3411,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3412,"similarGrammarPoints":3413,"tags":3414,"content":3415,"dependentGrammarPoints":3416,"language":22,"similarPoints":3417,"prereqPoints":3418},20463397960128,"「ていく」(2) An action or state keeps changing",1763702768533,"teiku-2-an-action-state-keeps-changing","[JLPT N5] 「ていく」 (teiku) | An Action or State Keeps Changing | Japanese Grammar","The て-form of a verb can be combined with 行く to convey the idea that the verb or state mentioned in the sentence keeps on changing or moving forward in time.",[756,757,758],[],[1034,17,1998],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiImage, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiImage) _missingMdxReference(\"UiImage\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ていく」(2) An action or state keeps changing\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"To continue ..., to go on ..., to steadily, to gradually ..., to progressively\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The て-form of a verb can be combined with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to convey the idea that the verb or state mentioned in the sentence keeps on changing or moving forward in time. The exact meaning of this combination depends on the point in time being talked about.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The following image is an overview of the meaning that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"て いく[,行く*いく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses, depending on the starting point.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002FTekuru.webp\",\n alt: \"Teiku Timeline\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As for the present, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いく[,行く*いく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" implies that the verb or state will continue to keep going or changing into the future.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"これから この 子供達[こどもたち] に たくさん の 事[こと] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">教[おし,おしえる]えて いく[,行く*いく]\u003C\u002Fstrong> つもり だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) intend to teach these children a lot of things from now on.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.187-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When talking about the future, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いく[,行く*いく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" implies that the verb or state will start somewhere in the future and keep going from there.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"来週[らいしゅう] から は 、金[かね] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">貯[た,ためる]めて いく[,いく]\u003C\u002Fstrong> から 大丈夫[だいじょうぶ] だ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I'm) going to save money from next week on, so (it'll) be fine!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.187-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Lastly, you can place yourself in a past frame of reference, where you had started doing something that continued on. Also note, here \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いく[,行く*いく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has to be in past tense, so \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"い[,行く*いく]った\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"飼[か,かう]って いる[,居る*いる] 猫[ねこ] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">弱[よわ,よわる]って いっ[,行く*いく]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The cat (I'm) raising had gotten weaker.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.187-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + いく\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"勉強[べんきょう] し[,為る*する]て いく[,行く*いく]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[2113,2115,2117],{"id":3420,"title":3421,"mod":3422,"grammarPoint":3423,"grammarPointTitle":3424,"grammarPointDescription":3425,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3426,"similarGrammarPoints":3427,"tags":3428,"content":3429,"dependentGrammarPoints":3430,"language":22,"similarPoints":3431,"prereqPoints":3432},20463397960129,"「てくる」(2) An action or state keeps changing",1765767141423,"tekuru-2-an-action-state-keeps-changing","[JLPT N5] 「てくる」 (tekuru) | An Action or State Keeps Changing | Japanese Grammar","The て-form of verbs can be combined with 来る to indicate a state or action that started in the past and continued up to the present time.",[756,757,758],[],[1034,17,1998],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiImage, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiImage) _missingMdxReference(\"UiImage\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「てくる」(2) An action or state keeps changing\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"To come to be, to become, to get, to grow, to continue\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The て-form of verbs can be combined with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[く,くる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to indicate a state or action that started in the past and continued up to the present time. However, the meaning of this construction can vary depending on the time frame.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The following image is an overview of the meaning that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"て くる[,来る*くる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses, depending on the starting point.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002FTekita.webp\",\n alt: \"Tekuru Timeline\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When we talk about something from the present point of view, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くる[,来る*くる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has to be in past tense because, as mentioned before, the action originated in the past and continues until the present.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"1年[いちねん,年*ねん] 前[まえ] から 今日[きょう] まで 、たくさん 勉強[べんきょう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]て き[,来る*くる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> から 今日[きょう] の テスト は 上手[うま,うまい]く 行[い,いく]く はず だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) have studied a lot from a year ago to today, so today's test should go well.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.188-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As for the future, there's a slight change in perspective. This time \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くる[,来る*くる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" must be in present tense, as the action is yet to come.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"運動[うんどう] し[,為る*する]たら 、冷[ひ,ひえる]えた 体[からだ] も 段々[だんだん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">暑[あつ,あつい]く なっ[,成る*なる]て くる[,来る*くる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> はず だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you exercise, (your) cold body should gradually get hotter.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.188-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For prolonged actions in the past \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くる[,来る*くる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" changes to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"き[,来る*くる]て い[,いる]た\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". In this case, there was a period of time over which something took place, but this concluded before the present day.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あの[,彼の*あの] 勉強[べんきょう] 嫌[きら]い な 雅[!みやび] が 今日[きょう] の 授業[じゅぎょう] の 予習[よしゅう] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]て き[,来る*くる]て い[,居る*いる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。今日[きょう] は 、雨[あめ] が 降[ふ,ふる]る かも しれない ・・・\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That study-phobic Miyabi, was preparing for today's class. It might rain today ...\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.188-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"At some point in the past, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"雅[!みやび]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" started studying a lot, and that studying stopped some time before today.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + くる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"勉強[べんきょう] し[,為る*する]て き[,来る*くる]た\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[2113,2115,2117],{"id":3434,"title":3435,"mod":3436,"grammarPoint":3437,"grammarPointTitle":3438,"grammarPointDescription":3439,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3440,"similarGrammarPoints":3441,"tags":3442,"content":3443,"dependentGrammarPoints":3444,"language":22,"similarPoints":3445,"prereqPoints":3446},20463397960130,"「より」(2) Indicate a boundary",1769139092420,"yori-2-indicate-set-point","[JLPT N4] 「より」 (yori) | Indicate a Boundary | Japanese Grammar","The meaning of this usage of より can be a little hard to explain, but you can think of it as marking a set point in time or space. Then, once you’ve marked your set point with より, you can describe how something differs from it.",[1192],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「より」(2) Indicate a boundary\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Outside, inside, before, after\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The meaning of this usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"より\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be a little hard to explain, but you can think of it as marking a set point in time or space. Then, once you’ve marked your set point with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"より\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you can describe how something differs from it. For example, you can say that something is before it, after it, inside it, or outside it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 赤[あか,あかい]い 線[せん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">より\u003C\u002Fstrong> 中[なか] に 入[はい,はいる]る こと[,事*こと] は 禁止[きんし] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Entering inside of this red line is prohibited.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.189-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you want to see it in a similar light as the usual meaning of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"より\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you can think of this sentence as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"compared to this line, you cannot go further inside\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When referring to a place, you can freely substitute \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"より\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When referring to time, however, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"より\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is only interchangeable with regards to a starting point. For example, in the following sentence, only \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"より\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is acceptable.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 朝[あさ] ５時[ごじ,時*じ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">より\u003C\u002Fstrong> 早[はや,はやい]く 起[お,おきる]きた から 、犬[いぬ] の 散歩[さんぽ] を し[,為る*する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Today, (I) got up earlier than 5 a.m. so (I) walked the dog.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.189-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this sentence \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"５時[ごじ] より\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is not marking the starting point of the action, but rather a point subsequent to it. In other words, the person did not get up at 5 a.m. but before that point in time.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Set-Pointより\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"線[せん] より\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1243],{"id":3448,"title":3449,"mod":3250,"grammarPoint":3450,"grammarPointTitle":3451,"grammarPointDescription":3452,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3453,"similarGrammarPoints":3454,"tags":3455,"content":3456,"dependentGrammarPoints":3457,"language":22,"similarPoints":3458,"prereqPoints":3459},20463397960131,"「どこ」”Where\"","doko-asking-where","[JLPT N5] 「どこ」 (doko) | ”Where\" | Japanese Grammar","どこ is similar to ここ, そこ, and あそこ. But unlike those three, it's used to ask about an unknown location and can simply be translated as \"where.\"",[285],[],[23,17,292],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「どこ」”Where\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You probably allready know that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ここ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そこ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あそこ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to refer to places near the speaker, near the listener, and distant from both, respectively.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"However, in the case of an unknown location, you need to use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This falls under the ど in our こそあど series, which deals with referring to places.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あっち に 今[いま] い[,居る*いる]た 猫[ねこ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どこ\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 行[い,いく]った ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Where did that cat that was just over there go?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.190-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どこ\u003C\u002Fstrong> で 日本語[にほんご] を 勉強[べんきょう] し[,為る*する]ました か 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Where did you study Japanese?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.190-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[321],{"id":3461,"title":3462,"mod":3250,"grammarPoint":3463,"grammarPointTitle":3464,"grammarPointDescription":3465,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3466,"similarGrammarPoints":3467,"tags":3468,"content":3469,"dependentGrammarPoints":3470,"language":22,"similarPoints":3471,"prereqPoints":3472},20463397960132,"「後」”After\"","go-after","[JLPT N3] 「後」 (go) | \"After\" | Japanese Grammar","後 can be attached to nouns or number–counter combinations to express the idea of \"after x.\" In this combination, it’s always read as ご.",[3300],[],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「後」”After\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be written as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"後[あと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The same kanji can also be attached to nouns or counters to express the idea of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"after X\"\n }), \". You have to be careful though, as in such instances \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"後[ご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is read as ご.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"父[ちち] が ２０分[にじゅっぷん,分*ふん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">後[ご]\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 帰[かえ,かえる]って くる[,来る*くる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) father will come home in 20 minutes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.191-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"二日[ふつか,日*にち] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">後[ご]\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 結果[けっか] が 発表[はっぴょう] され[,される]ます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The results will be announced two days later.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.191-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When attached to nouns like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"勉強[べんきょう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"後[ご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の 後[あと]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", in which case it is again read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Number-Counter + 後\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"十日[とおか,日*にち] 後[ご]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 後\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"手術[しゅじゅつ] 後[ご]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3473],{"id":3300,"title":3301,"mod":3302,"grammarPoint":3303,"grammarPointTitle":3304,"grammarPointDescription":3305,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3306,"similarGrammarPoints":3307,"tags":3474,"content":3309,"dependentGrammarPoints":3310,"language":22},[27,21,3211],{"id":814,"title":833,"mod":834,"grammarPoint":835,"grammarPointTitle":836,"grammarPointDescription":837,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":838,"similarGrammarPoints":839,"tags":3476,"content":841,"dependentGrammarPoints":842,"language":22,"similarPoints":3477,"prereqPoints":3478},[23,17],[],[],{"id":3480,"title":3481,"mod":3482,"grammarPoint":3483,"grammarPointTitle":3484,"grammarPointDescription":3485,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3486,"similarGrammarPoints":3487,"tags":3488,"content":3489,"dependentGrammarPoints":3490,"language":22,"similarPoints":3491,"prereqPoints":3492},20463397960134,"「か」(3) \"Something, someone, somewhere, sometime\"",1769140038316,"ka-3-making-question-words-unspecific","[JLPT N5] 「か」 (ka) | \"Something, Someone, Somewhere, Sometime\" | Japanese Grammar","Adding か to any question word in Japanese can change its meaning quite a bit. For example, if you add it to 誰 \"who,\" the meaning becomes \"someone.\"",[],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「か」(3) \\\"Something, someone, somewhere, sometime\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Question words in Japanese can be combined with the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to change their meaning. Normally when using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"what\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"who\"\n }), \" , \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"where\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"when\"\n }), \" you are asking for something specific, i.e. one specific thing, person, place, or time.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Appending \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to this makes them unspecific, that is, they become indefinite pronouns. This results in the terms \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"something\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"someone\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"somewhere\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"some time\"\n }), \", respectively.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：弟[おとうと] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">何[なに] か\u003C\u002Fstrong> し[,為る*する]た の か ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：何[なに] も し[,為る*する]て ない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Did (you) do something to (your) brother? \u003Cbr> B: (I) didn't do anything.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.193-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">誰[だれ] か\u003C\u002Fstrong> が 私[わたし] の 家[いえ] に 侵入[しんにゅう] し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] ！　泥棒[どろぼう] だろう か ・・・・\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Someone is trespassing in (my) house! Could it be a thief...\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.193-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">何処[どこ] か\u003C\u002Fstrong> で 見[み,みる]た こと[,事*こと] が ある[,有る*ある] 気[き] が する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I feel like I’ve seen this somewhere.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.193-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">いつか\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、札幌[さっぽろ] に 旅行[りょこう] に 行[い,いく]く 事[こと] に し[,為る*する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I've) decided to someday travel to Sapporo.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.193-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Question-Word + か\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"何[なに] か\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":3494,"title":3495,"mod":3482,"grammarPoint":3496,"grammarPointTitle":3497,"grammarPointDescription":3498,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3499,"similarGrammarPoints":3500,"tags":3501,"content":3502,"dependentGrammarPoints":3503,"language":22,"similarPoints":3504,"prereqPoints":3505},20463397960135,"「も」(2) \"Everything, everyone, everywhere, everytime\"","mo-2-question-words-encompass-everything-nothing","[JLPT N5] 「も」 (mo) | \"Everything, Everyone, Everywhere, Everytime\" | Japanese Grammar","Adding も to any of the question words in Japanese can change their meaning a lot. For example, if you add it to 誰 \"who,\" the meaning becomes either \"everyone\" or \"no one,\" depending on the sentence.",[],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「も」(2) \\\"Everything, everyone, everywhere, everytime\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Question words in Japanese can be combined with the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to change their meaning. Normally when using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"what\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"who\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"where\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"when\"\n }), \", you are asking for a single, specific piece of information. Appending \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is kind of like attaching the word \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"every\"\n }), \" to the question word. That is, it makes the word refer to the entirety of its class.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To make this more concrete, in English if you want to refer to all the \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"whos\"\n }), \", we use the word \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"everyone\"\n }), \". However, when we want to say the opposite, or in other words, negate the sentence, we use an entirely different word. To refer to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"none of the whos\"\n }), \" we use the word \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"nobody\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In Japanese, there is no alternative form of the word to account for whether it is affirmative or negative, that is, whether it refers to all or none. You have to see if the sentence itself is affirmative or negative to understand which meaning is intended.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To further complicate matters, not every question word appears equally in both an affirmative and a negative case. That is why we are going organize them according to their tendencies.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつも\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is exclusively used in affirmative sentences to mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"always\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"at all times\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"サンタ さん は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">いつも\u003C\u002Fstrong> クリスマス に だけ 、僕[ぼく] の 家[いえ] に 来[く,くる]る 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Santa always only comes to my house on Christmas.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.194-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこ も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a hybrid that is often used in both affirmative and negative sentences.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どこ も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 混[こ,こむ]んで いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Everywhere is crowded today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.194-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 家[いえ] は 一体[いったい] どう なっ[,成る*なる]て いる[,居る*いる]ん だ ？ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どこ も\u003C\u002Fstrong> かしこ も 汚[きたな,きたない]い 服[ふく] で いっぱい じゃない か ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What the heck is going on in this house? Isn't absolutely everywhere full of dirty clothes!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.194-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこ も かしこ も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is stronger expression of the regular \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこ も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but also expresses \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"all over the place\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in every nook and cranny\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are pretty much exclusively used in negative sentences as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"Q も ～ ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", where they mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"nothing\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"no one\"\n }), \", respectively.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">何[なに] も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 言[い,いう]わないで 出[で,でる]て いっ[,行く*いく]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He left without saying anything.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.194-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] が この 宗教[しゅうきょう] に 入[はい,はいる]って いる[,居る*いる] 事[こと] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">誰[だれ] も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 知[し,しる]らない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"No one knows that I am in this religion.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.194-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In the following table you can find an overview of all possible combinations and their most frequent usage.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"QW\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"も\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"にも\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"でも\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"これ は 何[なに] ？\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Negative \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに] も ない[,ない] 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Negative \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに] に も 覚[おぼ,おぼえる]えて い[,居る*いる]ない 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに] で も できる[,できる] 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あなた は 誰[だれ] ？\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Negative \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ] も い[,居る*いる]ない 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Negative \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ] に も わから[,わかる]ない 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ] で も わかる 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ここ は どこ ？\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Negative\u002F\", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこも 面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]い 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Negative \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこ に も 行[い,いく]かない 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこ で も 買[か,かう]える 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつ に する[,する] ？\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつも 忙[いそが,いそがしい]しい 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつでも いい[,いい] よ 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Out of these 4 question words, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are the ones that are used with a negative expression most frequently. For \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" it is nigh exclusively used with negative expressions. J-E dictionaries will tell you that it can mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"everything\"\n }), \", but in reality it is pretty much never used that way.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Question Word + も\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"何[なに] も\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":3507,"title":3508,"mod":3509,"grammarPoint":3510,"grammarPointTitle":3511,"grammarPointDescription":3512,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3513,"similarGrammarPoints":3514,"tags":3515,"content":3516,"dependentGrammarPoints":3517,"language":22,"similarPoints":3518,"prereqPoints":3519},20463397960136,"「でも」(2) “Anything, anyone, anywhere, anytime\"",1769139929713,"demo-question-words","[JLPT N5] 「でも」 (demo) | \"Anything, Anyone, Anywhere, Anytime\" | Japanese Grammar","Adding でも to any of the question words in Japanese can change their meaning quite a bit. For example, if you add it to 誰 \"who,\" the meaning becomes \"anyone.\"",[],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「でも」(2) “Anything, anyone, anywhere, anytime\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Any~\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Adding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"what\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"who\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"where\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"when\"\n }), \" results in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに] で も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"anything\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ] で も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"anyone\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこ で も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"anywhere\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつでも\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"anytime\"\n }), \".\\nIn contrast to question word plus \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", question word plus \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is only used in affirmative sentences.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 犬[いぬ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">何[なん]でも\u003C\u002Fstrong> 直[す]ぐ に 食[た,たべる]べて しまう 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This dog eats anything immediately.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.195-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この アプリ は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">誰[だれ] で も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 簡単[かんたん] に 使[つか,つかえる]える 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Anyone can use this app easily.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.195-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 店[みせ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">いつ で も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 混[こ,こむ]んで いる[.居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This store is always crowded.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.195-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Sometimes other particles or nouns may be inserted between the question word and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"でも\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which you can see in the example below.\\nAs \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこ の X でも\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" it expresses \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"In\u002Fat every X\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"閉店[へいてん] 前[まえ] は 、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">何処[どこ]\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 店[みせ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 物[もの] が 安[やす,やすい]く なる[,成る*なる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Before closing, things get cheaper in every store.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.195-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In the following table you can find an overview of all possible combinations and their most frequent usage.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"QW\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"も\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"にも\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"でも\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"これ は 何[なに] ？\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Negative \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに] も ない[,ない] 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Negative \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに] に も 覚[おぼ,おぼえる]えて い[,居る*いる]ない 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに] で も できる[,できる] 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あなた は 誰[だれ] ？\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Negative \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ] も い[,居る*いる]ない 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Negative \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ] に も わから[,わかる]ない 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ] で も わかる 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ここ は どこ ？\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Negative\u002F\", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこも 面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]い 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Negative \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこ に も 行[い,いく]かない[いかない] 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこ で も 買[か,かう]える 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつ に する[,為る*する] ？\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつも 忙[いそが,いそがしい]しい 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつでも いい[,良い*いい] よ 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Question-Word + でも\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"何[なん] で も ・ 誰[だれ] で も ・ どこ で も ・ いつでも\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":3521,"title":3522,"mod":3523,"grammarPoint":3524,"grammarPointTitle":3525,"grammarPointDescription":3526,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3527,"similarGrammarPoints":3528,"tags":3529,"content":3530,"dependentGrammarPoints":3531,"language":22,"similarPoints":3532,"prereqPoints":3533},20463397960137,"「にも」”Nobody, nowhere, nothing\"",1769140019133,"nimo-question-words","[JLPT N5] 「にも」 (nimo) | \"Nobody, Nowhere, Nothing\" | Japanese Grammar","にも can be combined with any of the Japanese question words to change their meaning. This combination is almost exclusively used with a negative expression to express \"nobody\", \"nowhere\", and \"nothing.\"",[3448],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「にも」”Nobody, nowhere, nothing\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"No~\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be combined with any of the Japanese question words to change their meaning. This combination is almost exclusively used with a negative expression to express \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"nobody\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"nowhere\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"nothing\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 秘密[ひみつ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">誰[だれ] に も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 言[い,いう]わないで ください 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please don’t tell this secret to anyone.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.196-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どこ に も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 開[あ,あく]いて いる[,居る*いる] 店[みせ] が ない[,無い*ない] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are no stores open anywhere.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.196-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">何[なん] に も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 持[も,もつ]たないで 遊[あそ]び に 行[い,いく]ったら 、雨[あめ] が 降[ふ,ふる]って き[,来る*くる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went to hang out without taking anything and it started to rain.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.196-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに] に も 勝[まさ,まさる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is one of the exceptions where the construct is used in an affirmative sentence and therefore takes on the opposite meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"anything\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] の 誕生[たんじょう] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">何[なに] に も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 勝[まさ,まさる]る 喜び[よろこび] だった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The birth of a child was a joy that surpasses anything.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.196-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In the following table you can find an overview of all possible combinations and their most frequent usage.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"QW\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"も\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"にも\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"でも\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"これ は 何[なに] ？\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Negative \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに] も ない[,ない] 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Negative \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに] に も 覚[おぼ,おぼえる]えて い[,居る*いる]ない 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何[なに] で も できる[,できる] 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あなた は 誰[だれ] ？\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Negative \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ] も い[,居る*いる]ない 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Negative \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ] に も わから[,わかる]ない 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誰[だれ] で も わかる[,わかる] 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ここ は どこ ？\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Negative\u002F\", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこも 面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]い 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Negative \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこ に も 行[い,いく]かない 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どこ で も 買[か,かう]える 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつ に する[,為る*する] ？\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつも 忙[いそが,いそがしい]しい 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Positive \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつでも いい[,良い*いい] よ 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつ に も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is only really used in the set phrase \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いつ に も 増して[まして]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"more than usual\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Question-Word + にも\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"何[なに] に も ・ 誰[だれ] に も ・ どこ に も ・ いつ に も\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3534],{"id":3448,"title":3449,"mod":3250,"grammarPoint":3450,"grammarPointTitle":3451,"grammarPointDescription":3452,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3453,"similarGrammarPoints":3454,"tags":3535,"content":3456,"dependentGrammarPoints":3457,"language":22},[27,21,296],{"id":3537,"title":3538,"mod":3539,"grammarPoint":3540,"grammarPointTitle":3541,"grammarPointDescription":3542,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3543,"similarGrammarPoints":3544,"tags":3545,"content":3546,"dependentGrammarPoints":3547,"language":22,"similarPoints":3548,"prereqPoints":3549},20463397960138,"「する」(5) Indicate a cost",1769140156186,"suru-5-indicate-cost","[JLPT N5] 「する」 (suru) | Indicate a Cost | Japanese Grammar","する can be used to express a duration of time or a cost of money. To use it, simply attach it to the noun that expresses a cost in time or money.",[3300],[],[23,17,970],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「する」(5) Indicate a cost\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In addition to indicating an action, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used to express a duration of time or a cost of money. To use it, simply attach it to the noun that expresses a cost in time or money.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"１０円[じゅうえん,円*えん] する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Costs 10 yen.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この パン は コンビニ で 99円[きゅうじゅうきゅうえん,円*えん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">する[,為る*する]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This bread costs 99 yen at the convenience store.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.197-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"後[あと] 一年[いちねん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]たら\u003C\u002Fstrong> 大学[だいがく] を 出[で,でる]る 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"In another year I'll graduate from college.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.197-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3473],{"id":3551,"title":3552,"mod":3553,"grammarPoint":3554,"grammarPointTitle":3555,"grammarPointDescription":3556,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3557,"similarGrammarPoints":3558,"tags":3560,"content":3566,"dependentGrammarPoints":3567,"language":22,"similarPoints":3568,"prereqPoints":3580},20463397960139,"「かな」”I wonder\"",1769140156187,"kana-you-can-start-wondering","[JLPT N4] 「かな」 (kana) | ”I Wonder\" | Japanese Grammar","かな can be used at the end of a sentence to convey a sense of curiosity or wonder, much like saying \"I wonder.\" This particular ender is frequently used by male speakers, while for female speakers it's still common in informal contexts.",[],[3559],20463397960185,[1034,17,3561],{"id":3562,"title":3563,"description":3564,"slug":3565,"language":22},"1741860920036","Sentence Enders","Lesson introduces a sentence ender","japanese-sentence-enders","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「かな」”I wonder\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As their name suggests, sentence enders are used at the end of sentences to give them a little extra character. Let's briefly touch on one of the more common ones: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This ender conveys a sense of curiosity or wonder, much like saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I wonder\"\n }), \". This particular ender is frequently used by male speakers, while for female speakers it's still common in informal contexts.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"寒[さむ,さむい]い から、マフラー 持[も,もつ]って 行[い,いく]った ほう が いい[,良い*いい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">かな\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's cold, so I should maybe bring a scarf.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.198-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"もう 暑[あつ,あつい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">か な\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？扇風機[せんぷうき] を 回[まわ,まわす]す か ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Is is already hot? (Should we) turn on the fan?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.198-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is pretty simple as it just gets attached to the end of a sentence.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + かな\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる かな ・ 食[た,たべる]べた かな\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + かな\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い かな ・ 高[たか,たかい]かった かな\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + かな\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か だった かな\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + かな\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] かな ・ 学生[がくせい] だった かな\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Sentenceかな\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今週末[こんしゅうまつ] に は 何[なに] を し[,為る*する]よう かな\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[3569],{"id":3559,"title":3570,"mod":3571,"grammarPoint":3572,"grammarPointTitle":3573,"grammarPointDescription":3574,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3575,"similarGrammarPoints":3576,"tags":3577,"content":3578,"dependentGrammarPoints":3579,"language":22},"「かしら」”I wonder...\"",1769141948164,"kashira-wondering","[JLPT N4] 「かしら」 (kashira) | ”I Wonder...\" | Japanese Grammar","Expresses \"I wonder\" using the sentence-ending particle かしら, typically by women, often with a soft or elegant nuance. Similar in meaning to かな.",[],[],[52,21,3565],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「かしら」”I wonder...\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"I wonder what the sentence-ending particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かしら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used for? Well, exactly for something like this. 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Given that it means about or approximately, you can often find it attached to counters.",[],[1402,1421,3590],20463397960142,[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「くらい・ぐらい」Make approximations\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"About, approximately\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くらい ・ ぐらい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a very useful word that you should become familiar with as it is used all the time. Given that it means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"about\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"approximately\"\n }), \", you can often find it attached to counters.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It can be attached to counters to express approximation.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本[にほん] を 出[で,でる]て 、もう １年[いちねん,年*ねん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ぐらい\u003C\u002Fstrong> 経[た,たつ]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's been about a year since (I) left Japan.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.199-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう] の 夕食[ゆうしょく] は 二人[ふたり] で ５０ドル[ごじゅうどる,ドル*どる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ぐらい\u003C\u002Fstrong> でした 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yesterday’s dinner for two cost about 50 dollars.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.199-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When combined with question words, it can also help you ask for approximate quantities.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"何時間[なんじかん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ぐらい\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"About how many hours?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.199-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"いくら \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ぐらい\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"About how much?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.199-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It is a very versatile word, and there are many combinations. However, if you keep the basic meaning in mind, it will be easy to understand the rest when you encounter it.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くらい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ぐらい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used interchangeably without any change in meaning.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Number-Counter + くらい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"二時間[にじかん] くらい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Question-Word + くらい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"いくら くらい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Demonstrative + くらい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"これ[,此れ*これ] くらい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[3595,3597,3599],{"id":1402,"title":1403,"mod":1404,"grammarPoint":1405,"grammarPointTitle":1406,"grammarPointDescription":1407,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1408,"similarGrammarPoints":1409,"tags":3596,"content":1416,"dependentGrammarPoints":1417,"language":22},[83,21,1415,141],{"id":1421,"title":1422,"mod":1423,"grammarPoint":1424,"grammarPointTitle":1425,"grammarPointDescription":1426,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1427,"similarGrammarPoints":1428,"tags":3598,"content":1430,"dependentGrammarPoints":1431,"language":22},[83,21,1415,141],{"id":3590,"title":3600,"mod":3601,"grammarPoint":3602,"grammarPointTitle":3603,"grammarPointDescription":3604,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3605,"similarGrammarPoints":3606,"tags":3607,"content":3608,"dependentGrammarPoints":3609,"language":22},"「ごろ」Indicating an approximate point in time",1764128324617,"goro-indicating-approximate-point-time","[JLPT N4] 「ごろ」 (goro) | Indicating an Approximate Point In Time | Japanese Grammar","ごろ is used with the meaning of \"around\" or \"about\" when referring to a point in time. It has a similar meaning to くらい, but with a few differences.",[],[3582],[52,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ごろ」Indicating an approximate point in time\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Around, about\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ころ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ごろ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used with the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"around\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"about\"\n }), \" when referring to a point in time. It has a similar meaning to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くらい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but with a few differences. We will go a bit more into the differences between the two later.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ごろ ・ ころ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you need to attach it to a noun as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> ごろ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The meaning here is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"around \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"１時[いちじ,時*じ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ごろ\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 友達[ともだち] と カフェ で 会[あ,あう]う 予定[よてい] です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’m planning to meet a friend at a café around 1 o’clock.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.201-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] は 何時[なんじ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ごろ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 学校[がっこう] に 着[つ,つく]きます か 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Around what time does the teacher arrive at school?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.201-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another usage is to attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ごろ ・ ころ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to nouns to refer to a bit broader time range.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 子供[こども] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ごろ\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 弱[よわ,よわい]かった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When I was a child, I was weak.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.201-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + ごろ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"８時[はちじ,時*じ] ごろ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + のごろ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] の ごろ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now, let's take a look at the differences between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ごろ ・ ころ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くらい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One difference is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くらい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used with specific quantities, while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ごろ ・ ころ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can not.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"4時間[よじかん,時間*じかん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">くらい\u003C\u002Fstrong> 寝[ね,ねる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I slept about 4 hours.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"4時[よじ,時*じ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ごろ\u003C\u002Fstrong>に 寝[ね,ねる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went to sleep at about 4 o’clock.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The first example here would not work with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ごろ ・ ころ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", as it expresses an exact amount.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The second difference is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ごろ ・ ころ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" cannot be used with distances or lengths.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"2メートル[にめーとる,メートル*めーとる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">くらい\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Around 2 meters.\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":3612,"title":3613,"mod":3553,"grammarPoint":3614,"grammarPointTitle":3615,"grammarPointDescription":3616,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3617,"similarGrammarPoints":3618,"tags":3620,"content":3621,"dependentGrammarPoints":3622,"language":22,"similarPoints":3623,"prereqPoints":3636},20463397960141,"「毎」Something repeats “every (period of time)\"","mai-something-repeats-every","[JLPT N5] 「毎」 (mai) | Something Repeats \"Every (Period of Time)\" | Japanese Grammar","毎 is a prefix that you can attach to a lot of words to turn them into every. For example, attaching it to 日 \"day\" gives you 毎日, which means \"every day.\"",[],[3619],20463397960143,[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「毎」Something repeats “every (period of time)\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"毎[まい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a prefix that can be attached to a lot of things to turn them into \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"every\"\n }), \". For example attaching it to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"日[にち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" gives you \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"毎日[まいにち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"every day\"\n }), \", or attached to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"晩[ばん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"evening\"\n }), \" results in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"毎晩[まいばん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"every evening\"\n }), \". Although there are some uncommon uses, we will focus on the commonly used ones.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">毎朝[まいあさ]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、パン を 口[くち] に 入[い,いれる]れた まま 家[いえ] を 出[で,でる]て、 走[はし,はしる]って 学校[がっこう] に 行[い,いく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Every morning, I leave the house with bread still in my mouth and run to school.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.200-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">毎回[まいかい]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 新[あたら,あたらしい]しい 料理[りょうり] に 挑戦[ちょうせん] し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She tries a new dish every time.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.200-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"僕[ぼく] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">毎月[まいつき]\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 給料[きゅうりょう] は 、上司[じょうし] として は 安[やす,やすい]い に 違[ちが]い ない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My monthly salary must be low for a supervisor.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.200-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"毎度[まいど]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" may mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"each time\"\n }), \", but most often you will hear it as a form of greeting in shops, when a customer leaves. In this case the meaning is close to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"thank you for your continued patronage\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"毎 + Noun\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"毎月[まいつき]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[3624],{"id":3619,"title":3625,"mod":3626,"grammarPoint":3627,"grammarPointTitle":3628,"grammarPointDescription":3629,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3630,"similarGrammarPoints":3631,"tags":3633,"content":3634,"dependentGrammarPoints":3635,"language":22},"「ごとに」Another way to say “every (period of time)\"",1769140150955,"gotoni-another-way-say-every","[JLPT N4] 「ごとに」 (gotoni) | Another Way to Say \"Every\" | Japanese Grammar","ごとに can be attached to nouns or verbs and means \"every.\" In the pattern AごとにB, it means \"every A, B happens.\"",[],[3612,3632],20463397960144,[52,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ごとに」Another way to say “every (period of time)\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Every\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"While both \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ごと に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"毎[まい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"every\"\n }), \", there are some differences that we will get into later. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ごと に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used in the structure \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> ごと に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"every \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> occurs\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"授業[じゅぎょう] は 50分[ごじゅっぷん,分*ふん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ごと に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 休憩[きゅうけい] が ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The class has a break every 50 minutes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.202-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"赤[あか]ちゃん は ３時間[さんじかん,時間*じかん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ごと に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 泣き出[なきだ,なきだす]す 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The baby starts crying every three hours.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.202-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"So what are those differences?\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The first difference is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ごと に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used with a much broader range of words than \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"毎[まい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The below example is only possible with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ごと に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Furthermore, not only can it be attached to counters, but nouns as well, without a change in the previous meaning, \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"every \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"部屋[へや] ごと に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"every room\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この ホテル は 各[かく] 部屋[へや] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ごと に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、素敵[すてき] な トイレ と 大[おお]きな ベッド が ある[,有る*ある] らしい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I heard that each room in this hotel has a nice bathroom and a big bed.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.202-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ごとに\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"見[み,みる]る ごと に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + ごとに\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"会[あ,あう]う 人[ひと] ごと に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"IntervalごとにOccurrence\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"三日[みっか,日*にち] ごと に 筋トレ[きんとれ] を する[,為る*する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":3590,"title":3600,"mod":3601,"grammarPoint":3602,"grammarPointTitle":3603,"grammarPointDescription":3604,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3605,"similarGrammarPoints":3606,"tags":3638,"content":3608,"dependentGrammarPoints":3609,"language":22,"similarPoints":3639,"prereqPoints":3642},[1034,17],[3640],{"id":3582,"title":3583,"mod":3584,"grammarPoint":3585,"grammarPointTitle":3586,"grammarPointDescription":3587,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3588,"similarGrammarPoints":3589,"tags":3641,"content":3592,"dependentGrammarPoints":3593,"language":22},[27,21],[],{"id":3619,"title":3625,"mod":3626,"grammarPoint":3627,"grammarPointTitle":3628,"grammarPointDescription":3629,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3630,"similarGrammarPoints":3631,"tags":3644,"content":3634,"dependentGrammarPoints":3635,"language":22,"similarPoints":3645,"prereqPoints":3659},[1034,17],[3646,3648],{"id":3612,"title":3613,"mod":3553,"grammarPoint":3614,"grammarPointTitle":3615,"grammarPointDescription":3616,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3617,"similarGrammarPoints":3618,"tags":3647,"content":3621,"dependentGrammarPoints":3622,"language":22},[27,21],{"id":3632,"title":3649,"mod":3650,"grammarPoint":3651,"grammarPointTitle":3652,"grammarPointDescription":3653,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3654,"similarGrammarPoints":3655,"tags":3656,"content":3657,"dependentGrammarPoints":3658,"language":22},"「おきに」Indicate the time between two events",1764126924464,"okini-indicate-time-between-two-events","[JLPT N3] 「おきに」 (okini) | Indicate the Time Between Two Events | Japanese Grammar","The grammar point おきに is used to express the time or distance between two events and can be translated as \"every,\" \"every other\" or \"with X in between.\"",[],[3612,3619],[83,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「おきに」Indicate the time between two events\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Every\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The grammar point \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おき に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to express the time or distance between two events and can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"every\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"every other\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"with X in between\"\n }), \". In the construction \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> おき に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" represents a time or distance between two events, and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" expresses what happens at those points.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"１日[いちにち,日*か] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">おき に\u003C\u002Fstrong> ジョギング する[,為る*する] よう に し[,為る*する]て い[,居る*いる]ます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I try to go jogging every other day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.203-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"父[ちち] は 、３０分[さんじゅっぷん,分*ふん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">おき に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 病気[びょうき] の 母[はは] を 介護[かいご] し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) father cares for (my) sick mother every 30 minutes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.203-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: 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Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now, let's compare \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ごと に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おき に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". While both express the idea of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"every\"\n }), \", there are some differences.\\nLuckily the difference is pretty clear. Let’s look at this with the example of a payment that you have to make every 3 months. This means you have to pay in January, April, next in July, and so on.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"With \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ごと に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" you would express this interval as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"３ヶ月[さんかげつ,ヶ月*かげつ] ごと に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"every three months\"\n }), \".\\nWith \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おき に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" on the other hand you would express it as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"２ヶ月[にかげつ,ヶ月*かげつ] おき に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"with 2 months in between\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おき に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" focuses on the time\u002Fdistance between two events. With the given example you have to pay every 3 months, which means that there are two months in between where you don’t have to pay and those are the two months expressed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おき に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This comes from the fact that the base verb being used here is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"置[お,おく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to put\"\n }), \". Due to this you could look at this grammar point as meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"with putting X time\u002Fdistance between two events\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"1年[いちねん,年*ねん] ごと に 祭り[まつり] が 開催[かいさい] さ[,為る*する]れて いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A festival is held each year.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"1年[いちねん,年*ねん] おき に 祭り[まつり] が 開催[かいさい] さ[,為る*する]れて いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A festival is held every other year.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おき に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to express a point in time or space, then it can be freely replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ごと に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" without needing to change anything.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":3632,"title":3649,"mod":3650,"grammarPoint":3651,"grammarPointTitle":3652,"grammarPointDescription":3653,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3654,"similarGrammarPoints":3655,"tags":3661,"content":3657,"dependentGrammarPoints":3658,"language":22,"similarPoints":3662,"prereqPoints":3663},[1054,17],[3646,3624],[],{"id":3665,"title":3666,"mod":3667,"grammarPoint":3668,"grammarPointTitle":3669,"grammarPointDescription":3670,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3671,"similarGrammarPoints":3672,"tags":3673,"content":3674,"dependentGrammarPoints":3675,"language":22,"similarPoints":3676,"prereqPoints":3677},20463397960145,"「ところだ」(3) Express that it takes a certain time from A to B",1764127234347,"tokoroda-express-that-it-takes-certain-time-from-a-b","[JLPT N3] 「ところだ」 (tokoroda) | Express That It Takes a Certain Time From A to B | Japanese Grammar","ところだ can be used to say how long it takes to get to a certain place. For example, 30分のところだ can be understood as meaning \"it's 30 minutes from here.\"",[],[],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ところだ」(3) Express that it takes a certain time from A to B\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"It takes around X to get to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ところ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is to indicate that something is located in a place that takes a certain amount of time to reach.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"３０分[さんじゅっぷん,分*ふん] の ところ[,所*ところ] だ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"is 30 minutes from here \u003Cbr> (Literally: is in 30 minutes place)\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"その 店[みせ] は 駅[えき] から 30分[さんじゅっぷん,分*ふん] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ところ[,所*ところ] だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That shop is about 30 minutes from the station.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.204-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"1時間[いちじかん,時間*じかん] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ところ[,所*ところ] だった\u003C\u002Fstrong> けど、渋滞[じゅうたい] で 結局[けっきょく] 2時間[にじかん,時間*じかん] かかっ[,かかる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It should’ve taken one hour, but because of traffic it ended up taking two.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.204-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ところ だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a shortened version of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ところ に ある\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"is in a place\"\n }), \". If you shorten it even more you can use the following form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"鈴木[!すずき] さん の 家[いえ] は 、ここ[,此処*ここ] から 歩[ある,あるく]いて ３０分[さんじゅっぷん,分*ふん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mr. Suzuki's house is a 30-minute walk from here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.204-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":2727,"title":3679,"mod":3680,"grammarPoint":3681,"grammarPointTitle":3682,"grammarPointDescription":3683,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3684,"similarGrammarPoints":3687,"tags":3690,"content":3695,"dependentGrammarPoints":3696,"language":22,"similarPoints":3697,"prereqPoints":3722},"う verbs + はじめる ",1769140201524,"verb-hajimeru-u","[JLPT N4] 「U Verb + Hajimeru」| Start an action | Japanese Grammar","始める, when attached to the i-stem of a verb, expresses that you’re starting to do that action. For example, 読み始める is used to mean “to start reading.”",[3685,3686],20463397960164,20463397960291,[2101,3688,3689],20463397960153,20463397960154,[1034,17,468,3691],{"id":3692,"title":3693,"description":3694,"slug":53,"language":22},"1741860946511","Stem-Form Series","Lesson uses the verb stem in some way","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"う verbs + はじめる \"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Begin verb\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this structure, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"はじめる[,はじめる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has to be attached to the i-stem of a verb. Therefore, the formation is rather straightforward: just replace the last character that ends in an \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" sound with the equivalent \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"i\"\n }), \" sound. For example く \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ku\"\n }), \" turns into き \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ki\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kana Shift\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Verb Stem\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"take out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"す \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"su\"\n }), \" → し \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"shi\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]し\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"write\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"く \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ku\"\n }), \" → き \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ki\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]き\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]ぐ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"swim\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぐ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"gu\"\n }), \" → ぎ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"gi\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]ぎ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"read\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"む \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"mu\"\n }), \" → み \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"mi\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]み\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]ぬ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"die\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぬ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"nu\"\n }), \" → に \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ni\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]ぶ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"fly\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぶ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"bu\"\n }), \" → び \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"bi\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]び\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"return\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"る \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ru\"\n }), \" → り \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ri\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]り\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]つ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"stand\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"つ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"tu\"\n }), \" → ち \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ti\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]ち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"buy\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"う \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" → い \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"i\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now that this is out of the way, we can get to the main lesson. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"始める[はじめる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a verb that means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to start\"\n }), \", and it can be used on its own or attached to the stem of a verb to express the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"start X'ing\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 朝日[あさひ] が 昇[のぼ,のぼる]る 前[まえ] に、静[しず]か な 森[もり] の 道[みち] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">登り始[のぼりはじ,のぼりはじめる]めた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He began climbing the quiet forest trail before sunrise.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.205-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あの[,彼の*あの] 子供[こども] が 自分[じぶん] の 弟[おとうと] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">たたき[,たたく] 始[はじ,はじめる]めた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。止[と,とめる]めた 方[ほう] が いい[,良い*いい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That kid started beating his own younger brother. (You) better stop him.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.205-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 本[ほん] を 読み始[よみはじ,よみはじめる]めて、すぐ に 物語[ものがたり] の 世界[せかい] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">引き込[ひきこ,ひきこむ]まれた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"After I started reading this book, I was immediately drawn into its world.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.205-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"始める[はじめる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in this construction can be conjugated like any other verb. Luckily, it is a ru-verb, so you only need to remove the る and add whatever ending you need.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-i-Stem + はじめる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"読み始[よみはじ,よみはじめる]める\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[3698,3700,3712],{"id":2101,"title":2102,"mod":2074,"grammarPoint":2103,"grammarPointTitle":2104,"grammarPointDescription":2105,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2106,"similarGrammarPoints":2107,"tags":3699,"content":2109,"dependentGrammarPoints":2110,"language":22},[52,21,1898],{"id":3688,"title":3701,"mod":3702,"grammarPoint":3703,"grammarPointTitle":3704,"grammarPointDescription":3705,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3706,"similarGrammarPoints":3708,"tags":3709,"content":3710,"dependentGrammarPoints":3711,"language":22},"「上がる」Upward motion, completion, or “welling up\"",1769140923231,"agaru-something-extreme-finished","[JLPT N3] 「上がる」 (agaru) | Upward Motion, Completion, or Welling Up | Japanese Grammar","上がる can be attached to the stem of verbs to add a few different meanings. It often indicates upward movement, the completion of an action, or it can work as an intensifier.",[2727,2728,2729,3707],20463397960156,[],[83,21,53],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「上がる」Upward motion, completion, or “welling up\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"上[あ,あがる]がる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a verb that on its own means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to rise up\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to go up\"\n }), \". However, it can also be attached to the stem of other verbs. When used in conjunction with other verbs, its meaning varies depending on the verb to which it is joined. Generally speaking, there are three possible meanings when combined.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For u-verbs the stem of the verb is the form that ends in i.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"First, when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"上[あ,あがる]がる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to some verbs, it simply indicates an action or motion in an upward direction. This meaning can also sometimes be figurative.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 雷[かみなり] の 音[おと] に 驚[おどろ,おどろく]いて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">飛び上[とびあ,とびあがる]がった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He jumped up in surprise at the sound of thunder.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.212-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Second, with other verbs it expresses the completion of that action. This is usually the case with a class of verbs known as \\\"other-moving\\\" (see note below), such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"焼[や,やく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to bake\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"茹[ゆ,ゆでる]でる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to boil\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出来[でき,できる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to can do\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"すで に 原稿[げんこう] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">書き上[かきあ,かきあがる]がって\u003C\u002Fstrong> いる[,居る*いる] こと[,事*こと] を 明[あき]らか に し[,為る*する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(He\u002FShe\u002FThey) revealed that the manuscript had already been completed.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.212-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"兄[あに] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">出来上[できあ,できあがる]がった\u003C\u002Fstrong> コロッケ を 手[て] に 取[と,とる]って 食[た,たべる]べ 始[はじ,はじめる]めた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) older brother picked up the finished croquettes in (his) hands and began to eat them.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.212-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Third, with some verbs it intensifies the sentiment of the expression.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the following example, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"湧[わ,わく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can already be used to express a welling up of emotions on its own, but \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"湧[わ,わく]き 上[あ,あがる]がる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is simply a stronger way to express the same idea.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"頭[あたま] で は どう する[,為る*する] 事[こと] も 出来[でき,できる]ない ほど の 嬉[うれ,うれしい]し さ が 、胸[むね] の 中[なか] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">湧[わ,わく]き 上[あ,あがる]がって\u003C\u002Fstrong> き[,来る*くる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A sense of joy (so strong) that (my) head could not handle welled up in (my) chest.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.212-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Other-moving\"\n }), \" verbs are directed toward a receiver, which is the object. An example is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to eat\"\n }), \", as there must be an object that is being eaten.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Self-moving\"\n }), \" verbs express an action or state that does not transfer to an object. An example is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go\"\n }), \", as the doer is moving themselves and not another object.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"U-Verb-i-Stem + あがる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"焼[や,やきあがる]きあがる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Ru-Verb-Stem + あがる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"出来上[できあ,できあがる]がる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":3689,"title":3713,"mod":3702,"grammarPoint":3714,"grammarPointTitle":3715,"grammarPointDescription":3716,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3717,"similarGrammarPoints":3718,"tags":3719,"content":3720,"dependentGrammarPoints":3721,"language":22},"「上げる」Something is finished","ageru-something-finished","[JLPT N3] 「上げる」 (ageru) | Indicate That Something Is Finished | Japanese Grammar","上げる can be attached to the stem of verbs to add a variety of meanings to them. Often it either adds the meaning of an upward motion, or the completion of an action. ",[2727,2728,2729],[],[83,21,53],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「上げる」Something is finished\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"To finish ~ing\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Similar to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"上[あ,あがる]がる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"上[あ,あげる]げる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be attached to the stem of another verb to express that an action has been completed, or a literal upward motion.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For u-verbs this means we have to use the i-stem.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"First, when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"上[あ,あげる]げる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to some verbs, it simply indicates an action or motion in an upward direction. This meaning can also sometimes be figurative.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] は 学生[がくせい] の スマホ を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">取り上[とりあ,とりあげる]げた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The teacher confiscated the student’s smartphone.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.213-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Second, with other verbs it expresses that an action is completed.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"１週間[いっしゅうかん,週間*しゅうかん] ほとんど 寝[ね,ねる]ないで 、この 絵[え] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">描[か,かく]き 上[あ,あげる]げた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) barely slept for a week and finished drawing this picture\u002Fpainting this painting.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.213-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The decision whether to use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"上[あ,あげる]げる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"上[あ,あがる]がる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" depends on who the subject of the sentence is. Let’s take a look at some examples.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"パン が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">焼[や,やきあがる]きあがった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The bread is baked.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.213-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"娘[むすめ] は パン を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">焼[や,やきあげる]きあげた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) daughter baked the bread.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.213-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, in the first example the focus is on the bread and that it is baked, without specifying who performed the action. In the second example the daughter is the one that baked the bread. Another example would be \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the door closed\"\n }), \", versus \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"he closed the door\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"U-Verb-i-Stem + あげる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"焼き上[やきあ,やきあげる]げる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[3723,3734],{"id":3685,"title":3724,"mod":3725,"grammarPoint":3726,"grammarPointTitle":3727,"grammarPointDescription":3728,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3729,"similarGrammarPoints":3730,"tags":3731,"content":3732,"dependentGrammarPoints":3733,"language":22},"「出す」Something that was dormant started or occurred ",1769140992473,"dasu-something-that-was-dormant-started","[JLPT N4] 「出す」 (dasu) | Something Started From a Dormant State | Japanese Grammar","出す can be attached to the (i-)stem of other verbs to give them the additional meaning of starting an action. For example, as 走り出す it means \"to start running\u002Fmoving.\"",[2727,2728,2729],[2727,2728,2729,3686],[52,21,53],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「出す」Something that was dormant started or occurred \"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Begin to, start to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another auxiliary verb in Japanese is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which can be attached to the stem of another verb to indicate the start of an action.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"走[はし,はしる]る　→　走り出[はしりだ,はしりだす]す\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Run → Start running\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"電車[でんしゃ] が ゆっくり と \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">走[はし,はしる]り 出[だ,だす]した\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The train slowly started to move.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.223-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"However, in some cases, the meaning can be ambiguous, as with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"洗い出[あらいだ,あらいだす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which can mean either \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to reveal by washing the surface\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to start washing\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Other common words that do not have the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"begin to\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"start to\"\n }), \" are \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"思い出[おもいだ,おもいだす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to remember\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"考え出[かんがえだ,かんがえだす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to come up with\"\n }), \". However, they do evoke the idea of something emerging.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You might be wondering about the difference between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"始める[はじめる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is more abrupt and not volitional (i.e. stemming from one's will). That's why when talking about rain, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used, as its start is not a volitional action done by the speaker.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"雨[あめ] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">降り出[ふりだ,ふりだす]した\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It began to rain.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.223-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Generally, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" isn't used when talking about your own actions. But when you're talking about someone else's actions, which you obviously can't control, using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is fine.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は ゴール に 向[む,むかう]かって 急[きゅう] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">走[はし,はしる]り 出[だ,だす]した\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He suddenly started running toward the finish line.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.223-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" conjugates like a u-verb.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"U-Verb-i-Stem + 出す\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"降り出[ふりだ,ふりだす]す\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Ru-Verb-Stem + 出す\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"考え出[かんがえだ,かんがえだす]す\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":3686,"title":3735,"mod":3736,"grammarPoint":3737,"grammarPointTitle":3738,"grammarPointDescription":3739,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3740,"similarGrammarPoints":3742,"tags":3743,"content":3744,"dependentGrammarPoints":3745,"language":22},"「かけ」Indicate that something is in progress",1769240922713,"かけ","[JLPT N5] 「かけ」 (kake) | Indicate That Something Is In Progress | Japanese Grammar","Learn how to use かけ with verb stems to express that something is half-done or in progress, like unfinished tasks or nearly spoiled food.",[2727,2728,2729,3741],20463397960288,[1594,3685],[83,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「かけ」Indicate that something is in progress\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"An event or action has started and is still in progress\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かける[,かける]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used in its stem form and attached to the stem of another verb. This construct is often found as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> かけ の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\\nThe meaning here is that an action has started and is still in progress, an event has started and is still in progress, or something is half-done.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"やりかけ の 仕事[しごと]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"unfinished work\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"腐りかけ[くさりかけ] の パン\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"bread that is about to spoil\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"テーブル に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べ かけ[,かける]\u003C\u002Fstrong> の パン が 置[お,おく]いて あ[,有る*ある]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There was a half-eaten piece of bread on the table.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.350-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] 、会社[かいしゃ] の 同僚[どうりょう] が 風邪[かぜ] で 休[やす]み だった 。それで 、奴[やつ] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">やり[,やる] かけ[,かける]\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 仕事[しごと] を やらされて 大変[たいへん] だった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Today, a colleague took off work with a cold. Because of that, (I) was made to do her partly-finished work and had a hard time .\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.350-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-(i-)Stem + かけの + Noun\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た]べかけ の パン\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":2728,"title":3747,"mod":3748,"grammarPoint":3749,"grammarPointTitle":3750,"grammarPointDescription":3751,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3752,"similarGrammarPoints":3753,"tags":3754,"content":3755,"dependentGrammarPoints":3756,"language":22,"similarPoints":3757,"prereqPoints":3758},"る verb + はじめる",1769140223524,"verb-hajimeru-ru","[JLPT N4] 「Ru Verb + Hajimeru」| Start an action | Japanese Grammar","はじめる can be attached to the i-stem of a verb to add the meaning of starting a certain action. For example, 食べはじめる means \"start eating.\"",[],[3685,3686],[1034,17,3691],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"る verb + はじめる\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Begin verb\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"はじめる[,はじめる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be attached to the i-stem of a verb to add the meaning of starting a certain action. For example, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べはじめる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"start eating\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Fortunately, the verb-stem of ru-verbs can be formed really eaasily, as you only have to remove the る, that's it.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Verb Stem\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 黙[だま,だまる]った まま 夕食[ゆうしょく] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食べ始[たべはじ,たべはじめる]めた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He started eating dinner without saying a word.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.206-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] の 犬[いぬ] は 注射[ちゅうしゃ] を 見[み,みる]た 時[とき] 、目[め] を 大[おお,おおきい]きく 開[ひら,ひらく]いて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">逃[に,にげる]げ 始[はじ,はじめる]めた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When my dog saw the syringe, (she) opened (her) eyes wide and started to run away.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.206-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This construction of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"始[は,はじめる]める\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be conjugated just like any other verb. Fortunately, it is a ru-verb, so all you have to do is remove the る and add the ending you need.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Stem + 始める\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食べ始[たべはじ,たべはじめる]める\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[3723,3734],[],{"id":2729,"title":3760,"mod":3761,"grammarPoint":3762,"grammarPointTitle":3763,"grammarPointDescription":3764,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3765,"similarGrammarPoints":3766,"tags":3767,"content":3768,"dependentGrammarPoints":3769,"language":22,"similarPoints":3770,"prereqPoints":3771},"Irregular verbs + はじめる",1769140236609,"verb-hajimeru-irregulars","[JLPT N4] 「vはじめる」 (hajimeru) | Start an action (irregular verbs) | Japanese Grammar","はじめる can be attached to the i-stem of a verb to add the meaning of starting a certain action. For example, しはじめる means \"start doing.\"",[],[3685,3686],[1034,17,3691],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Irregular verbs + はじめる\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Begin verb\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"はじめる[,はじめる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be attached to the i-stem of a verb to add the meaning of starting a certain action. For example, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し[,為る*する]はじめる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"start doing\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Since irregular verbs are, well, irregular, you just have to memorize the stem for each one.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Verb Stem\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to do\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[く,くる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to come\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"き[,来る*くる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いき[,行く*いく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"And now for some examples:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 会社[かいしゃ] は 去年[きょねん] から 新[あたら,あたらしい]しい サービス を 提供[ていきょう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する] 始[はじ,はじめる]めて い[,居る*いる]ます\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This company began offering a new service last year.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.207-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"大量[たいりょう] の 虫[むし] が 家[いえ] の 中[なか] に 入[はい,はいる]って \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">来[き,くる] 始[はじ,はじめる]めた\u003C\u002Fstrong> ！気持[きも]ち 悪[わる,わるい]い ～！！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A large number of insects started coming into the house! Disgusting~!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.207-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"始[はじ,はじめる]める\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in this construction can be conjugated like any other verb. Fortunately, it is a ru-verb, so you just need to remove the る and add whatever ending you need.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Stem + 始める\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"し始[しはじ,しはじめる]める\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[3723,3734],[],{"id":15,"title":44,"mod":45,"grammarPoint":46,"grammarPointTitle":47,"grammarPointDescription":48,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":49,"similarGrammarPoints":50,"tags":3773,"content":54,"dependentGrammarPoints":55,"language":22,"similarPoints":3774,"prereqPoints":3775},[1034,17,3691],[],[],{"id":3777,"title":3778,"mod":3779,"grammarPoint":3780,"grammarPointTitle":3781,"grammarPointDescription":3782,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3783,"similarGrammarPoints":3784,"tags":3785,"content":3786,"dependentGrammarPoints":3787,"language":22,"similarPoints":3788,"prereqPoints":3789},20463397960150,"Compound verbs",1769140365081,"compound-verbs","[JLPT N4] | Compound Verbs | Japanese Grammar","The so-called compound verbs are an essential aspect of the Japanese language. Compound verbs are created by combining two verbs to form a new meaning. These verbs are combined by adding one verb to the stem of the other verb.",[],[],[1034,17,3691],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Compound verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The so-called compound verbs are an essential aspect of the Japanese language. So, what exactly are they? Let's take a look.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Compound verbs are created by combining two verbs to form a new meaning. These verbs are combined by adding one verb to the stem of the other verb.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"走[はし,はしる]る　+　回[まわ,まわる]る　=　走り回[はしりまわ,はしりまわる]る\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to run + to revolve = to run around\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The meaning of a compound verb can vary; some just involve a logical combination of both meanings as seen above, while others have entirely new meanings.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Compound verbs in Japanese are called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"複合動詞[!ふくごうどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Verb + Verb-Combinations [VV]:\"\n }), \" These verbs express states, sequences of actions, or simultaneous actions.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"一日[いちにち] 中[じゅう] 観光[かんこう] し[,為る*する]て、すっかり \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">歩き疲[あるきつか,あるきつかれる]れて\u003C\u002Fstrong> しま[,しまう]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"After sightseeing all day, I ended up completely exhausted from walking.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.209-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"歩[ある,あるく]く　+　疲[つか,つかれる]れる　=　歩き疲[あるきつか,あるきつかれる]れる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to walk + get tired = to walk around and get tired\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"プール に 思[おも,おもいきる]いきって \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">飛び込[とびこ,とびこむ]んだ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I gathered my courage and dove into the pool.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.209-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"飛[と,とぶ]ぶ　+　込[こ,こむ]む　=　飛び込[とびこ,とびこむ]む\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to fly + to go into = to jump into\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Verb + Helping Verb-Combinations [Vs]:\"\n }), \" Here, the helping verb adds additional meaning to the main verb, similar to how adverbs modify verbs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] 、会社[かいしゃ] に 行[い,いく]く 時[とき] 、電車[でんしゃ] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">乗り遅[のりおく,のりおくれる]れた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) missed my train when going to work today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.209-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"乗[の,のる]る　+　遅[おく,おくれる]れる　=　乗り遅[のりおく,のりおくれる]れる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to get on + to be late = to miss\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] たち は 公園[こうえん] で 元気[げんき] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">走り回[はしりまわ,はしりまわる]って い[,居る*いる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The children were running around energetically in the park.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.209-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"走[はし,はしる]る　+　回[まわ,まわる]る　=　走り回[はしりまわ,はしりまわる]る\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to run + to revolve = to run around\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Prefix + Verb-Combinations [pV]:\"\n }), \" Similar to section \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"2\"\n }), \", the prefix modifies the main verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] が 私[わたし] の ケータイ を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ぶち壊[ぶちこわ,ぶちこわす]した\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She broke my cell phone.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.209-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ぶつ[,ぶつ]　+　壊[こわ,こわす]す　=　ぶち壊[ぶちこわ,ぶちこわす]す\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to hit + to destroy = to destroy\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This group is easy to recognize, as the sentence works even after removing the prefix of the compound verb. The prefixes are mostly used to create a more detailed or stronger meaning.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Verb-Combination [V]:\"\n }), \" Two verbs can also combine into one word to create a completely new meaning.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"少[すこ]し \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">落ち着[おちつ,おちつく]いて\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Calm down a bit.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.209-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"落[お,おちる]ちる　+　着[つ,つく]く　=　落ち着[おちつ,おちつく]く\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to fall + to arrive at = to calm down\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Category 1 compound verbs are by far the most frequent, followed by category 2, 3 and 4. In total, there are around \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"2700\"\n }), \" such \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"compound verbs\"\n }), \" in Japanese.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"However, it's \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"not crucial\"\n }), \" to be able to categorize a compound verb accurately. These groups can be helpful to keep in mind when you are confused about the meaning of a compound verb, but don't worry too much about it.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb1-Stem + Verb2\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"乗り遅[のりおく,のりおくれる]れる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":3791,"title":3792,"mod":3793,"grammarPoint":3794,"grammarPointTitle":3795,"grammarPointDescription":3796,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3797,"similarGrammarPoints":3798,"tags":3799,"content":3800,"dependentGrammarPoints":3801,"language":22,"similarPoints":3802,"prereqPoints":3803},20463397960151,"「に」(6) Go somewhere to do something",1769140587350,"ni-go-somewhere-do-something","[JLPT N4] 「に」 (ni) | Go Somewhere to Do Something | Japanese Grammar","に also has another use when it’s attached to a verb in its stem form and then followed by a movement verb. In this pattern, it expresses the idea of going somewhere to do something. For example, 飲みに行く means \"to go drinking.\"",[2727,2728,2729],[],[1034,17,587],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「に」(6) Go somewhere to do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Yes, another lesson on \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" again, but we promise this will be the last time. In this case, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" attaches to the stem of a verb, which is then followed by a verb of motion, such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[く,くる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"come\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go home\"\n }), \", and so on.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For example, if you take the verb stem of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飲[の,のむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which are \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飲[の,のむ]み\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", respectively, and attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に 行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to them, you get the following meaning.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"飲[の,のむ]み に 行[い,いく]く\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Go drinking\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べ に 行[い,いく]く\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Go eating\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"仕事[しごと] が 終[お,おわる]わったら 、一緒[いっしょ] に 飲[の,のむ]み \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 行[い,いく]かない ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Want to go out for a drink after work?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.210-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 友達[ともだち] と ラーメン を 食[た,たべる]べ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 行[い,いく]く 予定[よてい] です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I plan to go eat ramen with my friend today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.210-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see the meaning is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"go somewhere to do something\"\n }), \". The location does not have to be specified.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]ぐ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"swim\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"走[はし,はしる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"run\"\n }), \", and similar verbs are not considered verbs of motion here, as they describe the way someone moves, rather than movement from one place to another.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Combining に with は to mark the topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, each element of a sentence can represent a case, which tells us the function an element has in the sentence. As we learned in this lesson, this usage of the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case can tell us that someone goes somewhere for the purpose of doing something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 店[みせ] に もう 食[た,たべる]べ に 来[こ,くる]ない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(We) won't come to this store to eat anymore.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this sentence the case \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べ に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", tells us that the purpose is to eat. Each case like this in a Japanese sentence can be turned into the topic of the sentence using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Depending on the particle the element uses, the change to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" looks a bit different.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Below you can see an overview of the changes that happen when turning a case into the topic.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Case\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"が\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"を\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"に\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"で\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"と\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Topic\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"には\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"では\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"へは\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"とは\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, when our \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case is turned into the topic with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", they are combined to form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\\nLet's now take our example from above and turn the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" case into the topic.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 店[みせ] に もう 食[た,たべる]べ に は、来[こ,くる]ない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"As for coming to eat at this shop again, (we) won't come anymore.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So, what is different from the first version of this sentence?\\nHere the position of our 'は' adds a sense of contrast to the sentence. It implies that though they might not come to the shop again to eat, they might come for other activities. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nWithout the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", our sentence just makes a neutral statement: the people involved won't come anymore to eat at the store.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-i-Stem + に + Motion-Verb\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"飲[の,のむ]み に 行[い,いく]く\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3804,3806,3808],{"id":2727,"title":3679,"mod":3680,"grammarPoint":3681,"grammarPointTitle":3682,"grammarPointDescription":3683,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3684,"similarGrammarPoints":3687,"tags":3805,"content":3695,"dependentGrammarPoints":3696,"language":22},[52,21,472,53],{"id":2728,"title":3747,"mod":3748,"grammarPoint":3749,"grammarPointTitle":3750,"grammarPointDescription":3751,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3752,"similarGrammarPoints":3753,"tags":3807,"content":3755,"dependentGrammarPoints":3756,"language":22},[52,21,53],{"id":2729,"title":3760,"mod":3761,"grammarPoint":3762,"grammarPointTitle":3763,"grammarPointDescription":3764,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3765,"similarGrammarPoints":3766,"tags":3809,"content":3768,"dependentGrammarPoints":3769,"language":22},[52,21,53],{"id":2858,"title":3811,"mod":3812,"grammarPoint":3813,"grammarPointTitle":3814,"grammarPointDescription":3815,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3816,"similarGrammarPoints":3817,"tags":3818,"content":3819,"dependentGrammarPoints":3820,"language":22,"similarPoints":3821,"prereqPoints":3822},"「ために」Indicate a benefit",1764159292721,"tameni-indicate-benefit","[JLPT N3] 「ために」 (tameni) | Indicate a Benefit | Japanese Grammar","ため(に) can express a reason for something, a cause or purpose of something or that something is done for the benefit of something\u002Fsomeone.",[753,754,755,1085,1086],[],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ために」Indicate a benefit\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"For, for the sake of, in favor of, because of\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ため (に)\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can express a reason for something, a cause or purpose of something or that something is done for the benefit of something\u002Fsomeone.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ため (に)\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" follows an adjective, when the main clause describes a noncontrollable situation, or when the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ため (に)\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" clause is in the past tense, it expresses the reason or cause of something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"事故[じこ] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ため\u003C\u002Fstrong>、電車[でんしゃ] が 遅[おく,おくれる]れて い[,居る*いる]ます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Due to an accident, the train is delayed.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.211-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"雨[あめ] が 降[ふ,ふる]った \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ため\u003C\u002Fstrong>、試合[しあい] は 中止[ちゅうし] に な[,成る*なる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Because it rained, the game was canceled.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.211-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When indicating cause or reason, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ため\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" alone is often used without the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" particle.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ため (に)\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is to express the purpose of something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"鈴木[!すずき] さん は 自分[じぶん] の 借金[しゃっきん] を 返[かえ,かえす]す \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ため に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、よく 働[はたら,はたらく]いて いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mr. Suzuki is working a lot to pay his debts. \u003Cbr> (Literally: to return the borrowed money)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.211-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"良[よ,いい]く 働[はたら,はたらく]いて いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"working a lot\"\n }), \" is an action that is done for the purpose of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自分[じぶん] の 借金[しゃっきん] を 返[かえ,かえす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"pay his debts\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"集中[しゅうちゅう] する[,為る*する] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ため\u003C\u002Fstrong>、携帯[けいたい] の 電源[でんげん] を 切[き,きる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To concentrate, I turned off my phone.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.211-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When expressing purpose or benefit, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ため に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is often used, but the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" particle can be omitted. If omitted, the expression becomes slightly formal.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ために\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる ため に ・ 食[た,たべる]べた ため に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + ために\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"安[やす,やすい]い ため に ・ 安[やす,やすい]かった ため に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + なために\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か な ため に ・ 静[しず]か だった ため に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + のために\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] の ため に ・ 学生[がくせい] だった ため に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Demonstrative + ために\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"その ため に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: 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_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ため\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"upper-latin\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The first one is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", can only be followed by a verb of movement. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ため\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" on the other hand can be used with any verb or construct following it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The second difference is that Verb-stem\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used without specifying a place, whereas for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ため\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the place has to be specified.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The last difference is that using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ため\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with a verb of motion implies an important purpose as to why you are going somewhere.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1824,1826,1828,1766,1795],{"id":3688,"title":3701,"mod":3702,"grammarPoint":3703,"grammarPointTitle":3704,"grammarPointDescription":3705,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3706,"similarGrammarPoints":3708,"tags":3824,"content":3710,"dependentGrammarPoints":3711,"language":22,"similarPoints":3825,"prereqPoints":3826},[1054,17,3691],[],[3804,3806,3808,3827],{"id":3707,"title":3828,"mod":3829,"grammarPoint":3830,"grammarPointTitle":3831,"grammarPointDescription":3832,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3833,"similarGrammarPoints":3834,"tags":3835,"content":3836,"dependentGrammarPoints":3837,"language":22},"「おわる」Finish doing something",1765768659892,"owaru-finish-doing-something","[JLPT N4] 「おわる」 (owaru) | Finish Doing Something | Japanese Grammar","With the verb 終わる you can express \"to end X'ing\", meaning you can use it to express the idea of finishing an action. All you need to do is attach 終わる to the stem of a verb, just like with 始める and 続ける.",[2727,2728,2729],[],[52,21,53],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「おわる」Finish doing something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"End, Finish\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"With the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"終[お,おわる]わる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" you can express \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to end X'ing\"\n }), \", meaning you can use it to express the idea of finishing an action. All you need to do is attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"終[お,おわる]わる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the stem of a verb, just like with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"始[はじ,はじめる]める\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"続[つづ,つづける]ける\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For u-verbs this means we have to use the i-stem.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる　+　終[お,おわる]わる　=　食べ終[たべお,たべおわる]わる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To eat + to end = To end eating\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ご飯[ごはん] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べ 終[お,おわる]わったら\u003C\u002Fstrong>、宿題[しゅくだい] を 始[はじ,はじめる]める つもり です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Once I finish eating, I plan to start my homework.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.215-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 本[ほん] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">読[よ,よむ]み 終[お,おわる]わった\u003C\u002Fstrong> けど、結構[けっこう] 、思[おも,おもう]った より 面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]かった 。あなた も どう ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) finished reading this book and it was quite a bit more interesting than (I) thought (it would be). How about you also (read it)?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.215-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"終[お,おわる]わる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" conjugates as a u-verb, so its past form is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"終[お,おわる]わった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and its stem is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"終[お]わり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"終[お,おわる]わる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be substituted with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"終[お,おえる]える\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". In contrast to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"終[お,おわる]わる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"終[お,おえる]える\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" conjugates as a ru-verb, which means that for \\\"conjugation\\\" you simply drop the る and add the ending you need.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昼ご飯[ひるごはん] の 前[まえ] に、今日[きょう] の 宿題[しゅくだい] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する] 終[お,おえる]えた\u003C\u002Fstrong> ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I finished my homework before lunch!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.215-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"U-Verb-i-Stem + 終わる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"読み終[よみお,よみおわる]わる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Ru-Verb-Stem + 終わる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食べ終[たべお,たべおわる]わる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":3689,"title":3713,"mod":3702,"grammarPoint":3714,"grammarPointTitle":3715,"grammarPointDescription":3716,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3717,"similarGrammarPoints":3718,"tags":3839,"content":3720,"dependentGrammarPoints":3721,"language":22,"similarPoints":3840,"prereqPoints":3841},[1054,17,3691],[],[3804,3806,3808],{"id":3843,"title":3844,"mod":3845,"grammarPoint":3846,"grammarPointTitle":3847,"grammarPointDescription":3848,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3849,"similarGrammarPoints":3850,"tags":3851,"content":3852,"dependentGrammarPoints":3853,"language":22,"similarPoints":3854,"prereqPoints":3855},20463397960155,"「つづける」Continue doing something",1769140923232,"tsudzukeru-continue-doing-something","[JLPT N4] 「つづける」 (tsudukeru) | Continue Doing Something | Japanese Grammar","You can express the continuation an action with the verb 続ける, which simply needs to be attached to the stem of other verbs to indicate that a particular movement, action, or practice continues. ",[2727,2728,2729],[],[1034,17,3691],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「つづける」Continue doing something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can express the continuation an action with the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"続[つづ,つづける]ける\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which simply needs to be attached to the stem of other verbs to indicate that a particular movement, action, or practice continues.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To create the stem of u-verbs, you should change the last character, which ends in an \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" sound, into the equivalent \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"i\"\n }), \" sound.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"出[だ,だす]す ・ す　→　し ・ 出[だ,だす]し\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To take out\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For ru-verbs, simply remove the る.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる ・ る　→　食[た,たべる]べ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To eat\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The stem of irregulars is し and き, for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", respectively.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 会社[かいしゃ] で 定年[ていねん] まで \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">働き続[はたらきつづ,はたらきつづける]けたい\u003C\u002Fstrong> と 思[おも,おもう]って いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to keep working at this company until retirement.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.214-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"メロス は 友[とも] を 助[たす,たすける]ける ため に 、朝[あさ] も 昼[ひる] も \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">走[はし,はしる]り 続[つづ,つづける]けた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Melos ran continuously the (whole) morning and afternoon in order to save (his) friend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.214-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"U-Verb-i-Stem + 続ける\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"使い続[つかいつづ,つかいつづける]ける\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Ru-Verb-Stem + 続ける\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食べ続[たべつづ,たべつづける]ける\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3804,3806,3808],{"id":3707,"title":3828,"mod":3829,"grammarPoint":3830,"grammarPointTitle":3831,"grammarPointDescription":3832,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3833,"similarGrammarPoints":3834,"tags":3857,"content":3836,"dependentGrammarPoints":3837,"language":22,"similarPoints":3858,"prereqPoints":3859},[1034,17,3691],[],[3804,3806,3808],{"id":3861,"title":3862,"mod":3845,"grammarPoint":3863,"grammarPointTitle":3864,"grammarPointDescription":3865,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3866,"similarGrammarPoints":3867,"tags":3868,"content":3869,"dependentGrammarPoints":3870,"language":22,"similarPoints":3871,"prereqPoints":3872},20463397960157,"「方・かた」The way of doing something","kata-the-way-doing-something","[JLPT N4] 「方」 (kata) | The Way of Doing Something | Japanese Grammar","かた can be attached to the stem of verbs to express the meaning of \"way of doing X.\" For example, 使い方 means \"way of using {something).\"",[2727,2728,2729],[],[1034,17,3691],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「方・かた」The way of doing something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"方[かた]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be pronounced in two ways, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほう[,方*ほう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かた\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It is the same \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほう[,方*ほう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" you can use for comparisons as in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほう[,方*ほう] が いい[,いい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"way of X is comparatively good\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When read as かた, it can be attached to the stem of verbs to express the idea of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"way of doing X\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For example, attached to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"使[つか,つかう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"使い方[つかいかた]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"way of using (something)\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"how to use\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For u-verbs, we have to use the i-stem.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 魚[さかな] の 正[ただ,ただしい]しい \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食べ方[たべかた]\u003C\u002Fstrong> を 教[おし,おしえる]えて ください 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please teach me the correct way to eat this fish.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.216-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A slightly different construction is needed for suru-verbs such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"勉強[べんきょう] する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"電話[でんわ] する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". In this case, you attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の 仕方[しかた]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", pronounced as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の しかた\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] の 勉強[べんきょう] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">仕方[しかた]\u003C\u002Fstrong> が おかしい[,おかしい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The way he studies is strange.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.216-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As a reminder, Japanese-English dictionaries refer to nouns that can be attached to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to turn them into verbs as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"suru verbs\"\n }), \", and in Japanese-Japanese dictionaries, \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"スル\"\n }), \" is added to the header of the noun.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"U-Verb-i-Stem + 方\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"読み方[よみかた]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Ru-Verb-Stem + 方\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食べ方[たべかた]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Suru-Verb + の仕方\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"勉強[べんきょう] の 仕方[しかた]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3804,3806,3808],{"id":3874,"title":3875,"mod":3876,"grammarPoint":3877,"grammarPointTitle":3878,"grammarPointDescription":3879,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3880,"similarGrammarPoints":3881,"tags":3883,"content":3884,"dependentGrammarPoints":3885,"language":22,"similarPoints":3886,"prereqPoints":3897},20463397960158,"「難い」Something is hard to do",1764155178597,"nikui-something-hard-do","[JLPT N4] 「難い」 (nikui) | Something Is Hard to Do | Japanese Grammar","Attaching 難い to a verb’s stem can add the meaning of \"it is difficult to do.\"",[2727,2728,2729],[3882],20463397960159,[1034,17,3691],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「難い」Something is hard to do\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Its hard to, difficult to, not easy to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Attaching \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"難[!にく,にくい]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to a verb’s stem can add the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it is difficult to do\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べ 難[にく,にくい]い\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"difficult to eat; unpalatable\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For u-verbs, we have to use the i-stem.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"読[よ,よむ]む　+　難[にく,にくい]い　=　読み難[よみにく,よみにくい]い\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To read + difficult = difficult to read.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 本[ほん] は 字[じ] が 小[ちい,ちいさい]さ すぎ[,過ぎる*すぎる]て \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">読[よ,よむ]み にくい[,難い*にくい]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This book is hard to read because the print is too small.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.217-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 靴[くつ] は 重[おも,おもい]くて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">歩[ある,あるく]き にく[,難い*にくい]い\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"These shoes are heavy and difficult to walk in.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.217-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"難[にく,にくい]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" itself conjugates like an い-adjective. It is usually written in hiragana when used this way.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"難[にく,にくい]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" uses the same kanji as the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"難[むずか,むずかしい]しい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"difficult\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Ru-Verb-i-Stem + 難い\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"読み難[よみにく,よみにくい]い\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"U-Verb-Stem + 難い\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食べ難[たべにく,たべにくい]い\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[3887],{"id":3882,"title":3888,"mod":3845,"grammarPoint":3889,"grammarPointTitle":3890,"grammarPointDescription":3891,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3892,"similarGrammarPoints":3893,"tags":3894,"content":3895,"dependentGrammarPoints":3896,"language":22},"「易い」Something is easy to do","yasui-something-easy-do","[JLPT N4] 「易い」 (yasui) | Something Is Easy to Do | Japanese Grammar","易い can simply be attached to the (i-)stem of verbs to give the meaning that a certain action is easy to do.",[2727,2728,2729],[3874],[52,21,53],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「易い」Something is easy to do\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The antonym of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"難[にく,にくい]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"difficult (to do)\"\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"易[やす,やすい]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"easy (to do)\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"易[やす,やすい]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can simply be attached to the (i-)stem of verbs to give the meaning that a certain action is easy to do.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For example, attached to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べ やすい[,易い*やすい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" it simply means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"(something is) easy to eat\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Remember, for u-verbs we have to use the i-stem.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"読[よ,よむ]む　+　易[やす,やすい]い　=　読み易[よみやす,よみやすい]い\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Read + easy = easy to read\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友達[ともだち] の 家[いえ] の パン屋[ぱんや] は とても \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">行[い,いく]き やす[,易い*やすい]い\u003C\u002Fstrong> 所[ところ] に ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The bakery at my friend's house is in a place that's very easy to get to.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.218-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"辛[から,からい]さ を 控[ひか]えめ に し[,為る*する]て、誰[だれ] で も \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べ やすい[,易い*やすい]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 味[あじ] に し[,為る*する]ました 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I toned down the spiciness to make it a flavor anyone can enjoy easily.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.218-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"易[やす,やすい]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" itself conjugates like an い-adjective. It is typically written in hiragana when used this way.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"U-Verb-i-Stem + 易い\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"行き易[いきやす,いきやすい]い\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Ru-Verb-Stem + 易い\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食べ易[たべやす,たべやすい]い\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[3804,3806,3808],{"id":3882,"title":3888,"mod":3845,"grammarPoint":3889,"grammarPointTitle":3890,"grammarPointDescription":3891,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3892,"similarGrammarPoints":3893,"tags":3899,"content":3895,"dependentGrammarPoints":3896,"language":22,"similarPoints":3900,"prereqPoints":3903},[1034,17,3691],[3901],{"id":3874,"title":3875,"mod":3876,"grammarPoint":3877,"grammarPointTitle":3878,"grammarPointDescription":3879,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3880,"similarGrammarPoints":3881,"tags":3902,"content":3884,"dependentGrammarPoints":3885,"language":22},[52,21,53],[3804,3806,3808],{"id":3905,"title":3906,"mod":3907,"grammarPoint":3908,"grammarPointTitle":3909,"grammarPointDescription":3910,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3911,"similarGrammarPoints":3912,"tags":3913,"content":3914,"dependentGrammarPoints":3915,"language":22,"similarPoints":3916,"prereqPoints":3917},20463397960160,"「過ぎる」Something is excessive",1769238413498,"sugiru-something-excessive","[JLPT N5] 「過ぎる」 (sugiru) | Something is Excessive | Japanese Grammar","過ぎる is a very useful auxiliary verb that is added to the stem of another verb or adjective to convey that it goes beyond a desired level.",[2727,2728,2729],[],[23,17,3691],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「過ぎる」Something is excessive\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"To be excessive, to be too much, to be too ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"過[す,すぎる]ぎる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a very useful auxiliary verb that is added to the stem of another verb or adjective to convey that it goes beyond a desired level. Note that this has a broader range of usage than \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"難[にく,にくい]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"易[やす,やすい]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which are limited to verbs.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For u-verbs we have to use the i-stem.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To use it with verbs, simply attach it to the (i-)stem of the verb to add the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"too much X\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる　+　過[す,すぎる]ぎる　=　食べ過[たべす,たべすぎる]ぎる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To eat + too much = eat too much\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"悲[かな,かなしい]しくて 、涙[なみだ] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">出[で,でる] すぎ[,過ぎる*すぎる]て\u003C\u002Fstrong> 止[と,とまる]まらなかった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(In my) sadness, I cried too much and (my) tears didn't stop.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.219-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When attached to adjectives, it gives the meaning that whatever the adjective expresses is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"too\"\n }), \" something. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nFor い-adjectives, remove the い and add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"過[す,すぎる]ぎる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"大[おお,おおきい]きい　+　過[す,すぎる]ぎる　=　大き過[おおきす,おおきすぎる]ぎる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Big + too much = too big\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 箱[はこ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">大[おお,おおきい]き すぎる[,過ぎる*すぎる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> から、車[くるま] に 入[はい,はいる]りません 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This box is too big, so it won’t fit in the car.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.219-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For な-adjectives, simply add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"過[す,すぎる]ぎる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か　+　過[す,すぎる]ぎる　=　静[しず]か 過ぎ[すぎ,過ぎる*すぎる]る\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Quiet + too much = too quiet\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 森[もり] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">静[しず]か すぎ[,過ぎる*すぎる]る\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。虫[むし] も 鳥[とり] も い[,居る*いる]ない 。どこ へ 行[い,いく]った ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This forest is too quiet. There are no insects, as well as no birds. Where did (they) go?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.219-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As always, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いい[,良い*いい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a bit different, and we have to use the stem of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よい[,良い*いい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is よ. So here we get \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よすぎる[,良い*いい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another special case is when using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"過[す,すぎる]ぎる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with negatives. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" turns to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"過[す,すぎる]ぎる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" added, we get \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ過[なさす,なさすぎる]ぎる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This is also used when creating the negative of verbs or adjectives. Therefore, the negative of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべすぎる]べすぎる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" would be \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべなさすぎる]べなさすぎる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The negative form emphasizes having done too little of the action.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ベン は 力[ちから] が\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">な[,ない]さ すぎる[,過ぎる*すぎる]\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Ben has too little power.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.219-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This also means there are three ways we can use the negative form here: we can either negate \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"すぎる[,過ぎる*すぎる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", negate \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" before attaching \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"すぎる[,過ぎる*すぎる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or negate \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"すぎる[,過ぎる*すぎる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and then negate that too.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べ すぎる[,過ぎる*すぎる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat too much\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べ すぎ[,過ぎる*すぎる]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't eat too much\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べなさ すぎる[,過ぎる*すぎる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat too little\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べなさ すぎ[,過ぎる*すぎる]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"don't eat too little\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"すぎる[,過ぎる*すぎる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" luckily conjugates like a ru-verb.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"U-Verb-i-Stem + 過ぎる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"読み過[よみす,よみすぎる]ぎる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Ru-Verb-Stem + 過ぎる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食べ過[たべす,たべすぎる]ぎる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-Stem + 過ぎる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高過[たかす,たかすぎる]ぎる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + 過ぎる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しずか]か 過[す,すぎる]ぎる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3804,3806,3808],{"id":288,"title":355,"mod":356,"grammarPoint":357,"grammarPointTitle":358,"grammarPointDescription":359,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":360,"similarGrammarPoints":361,"tags":3919,"content":363,"dependentGrammarPoints":364,"language":22,"similarPoints":3920,"prereqPoints":3921},[23,17],[],[],{"id":289,"title":366,"mod":367,"grammarPoint":368,"grammarPointTitle":369,"grammarPointDescription":370,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":371,"similarGrammarPoints":372,"tags":3923,"content":374,"dependentGrammarPoints":375,"language":22,"similarPoints":3924,"prereqPoints":3925},[1054,17],[],[354],{"id":2705,"title":2722,"mod":356,"grammarPoint":2723,"grammarPointTitle":2724,"grammarPointDescription":2725,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2726,"similarGrammarPoints":2730,"tags":3927,"content":2732,"dependentGrammarPoints":2733,"language":22,"similarPoints":3928,"prereqPoints":3929},[1034,17,3691],[],[3804,3806,3808],{"id":3685,"title":3724,"mod":3725,"grammarPoint":3726,"grammarPointTitle":3727,"grammarPointDescription":3728,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3729,"similarGrammarPoints":3730,"tags":3931,"content":3732,"dependentGrammarPoints":3733,"language":22,"similarPoints":3932,"prereqPoints":3933},[1034,17,3691],[3804,3806,3808,3734],[3804,3806,3808],{"id":3935,"title":3936,"mod":3937,"grammarPoint":3938,"grammarPointTitle":3939,"grammarPointDescription":3940,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3941,"similarGrammarPoints":3942,"tags":3944,"content":3945,"dependentGrammarPoints":3946,"language":22,"similarPoints":3947,"prereqPoints":3963},20463397960165,"「そう」Something looks like it's about to do something",1764224417368,"sou-something-looks-like-its-about-do-something","[JLPT N4] 「そう」 (sou) | X Looks Like It's About to... | Japanese Grammar","When そう is attached to the (i-)stem or adjective, it gives the meaning that something \"seems like\" or \"feels like\" something. For example, 速そう means \"seems to be fast.\"",[2727,2728,2729],[2265,2305,3943],20463397960286,[1034,17,3691],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「そう」Something looks like it's about to do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Look like, seem, feel like\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As a reminder, last time we used \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used to indicate \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I heard\"\n }), \". However, this time, when attached to a verb's or adjective's stem, it means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"looks like\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"seems like\"\n }), \". Compare the following:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 車[くるま] が、 速[はや,はやい]い そう だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I heard that this car is fast.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 車[くるま] が、 速[はや,はやい] そう だ。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This car seems to be fast.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To use it with a verb in its affirmative form, just attach そう to the (i-)stem. In this case it also frequently suggests that, based on visual evidence, there is a likelihood of something happening imminently.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あまり の 暑[あつ,あつい]さ で、立[た,たつ]って いる[,居る*いる] だけ で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">倒[たお,たおれる]れ そう\u003C\u002Fstrong> だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It’s so hot that I feel like I’m going to collapse just from standing.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.224-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It can also be used with adjectives in their affirmative form. To do this, just replace the い with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 何[なに] も 知[し,しる]らない の に、いつも \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">偉[えら,えらい] そう\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 話[はな,はなす]す 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He always talks like he’s important, even though he knows nothing.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.224-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Two exceptions in the adjective group are \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いい[,良い*いい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない[,ない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いい[,良い*いい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" changes to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よさ[,良い*いい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない[,ない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" changes to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,ない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and are then followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"よ[,良い*いい]さ そう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Seems to be good\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"な[,ない]さ そう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Seems not to be\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 車[くるま] は 乗[の,のる]り やす[,やすい]い けど 、質[しつ] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">良[よ,いい]さ そう\u003C\u002Fstrong> じゃない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This car is comfortable to ride\u002Fdrive, but doesn't seem to be of good quality.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.224-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この データ で レポート を 書[か,かく]く の は 問題[もんだい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">なさそう\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It looks like there won’t be any issues writing the report with this data.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.224-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You should especially remember \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", as it gets used in negative adjectives as well. Where normally there'd be \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない[,ない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", instead \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な[,ない]さ そう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" takes its place. In other words, to use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with negative adjectives, you turn them into their negative form, and replace \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な[,ない]さ そう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]く なさそう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(Something) doesn't seem expensive\u002Ftall\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あの[,彼の*あの] スープ は あまり \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">美味[おい,おいしい]しく なさ そう\u003C\u002Fstrong> だ ・・\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That soup doesn't seem very delicious...\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.224-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For negative verbs the change is a bit different. Here the verb is turned into its negative form, ending in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and then the い is replaced with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". 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Casual and similar to よう.",[],[2305,3935,3007],[52,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「みたいに・な」\\\"(Do\u002Fbe) like an X\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"-like, sort of, similar to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> みたい に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> みたい な \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are grammatical structures that are used when \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"giving examples\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"likening something to something else\"\n }), \". An English example of this could be \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"live like a rich person\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"金持ち[かねもち] みたい な 生活[せいかつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in Japanese.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"They are often used when choosing examples from a lot of options. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"みたい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is always attached to a noun.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"みたい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"without\"\n }), \" modifying a noun or a verb that follows. 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Let's add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"みたい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to this list.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Distance\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Certainty\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Soruce\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Notes\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"そう\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Direct\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"More uncertain information\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"👀\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f440.png\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Is used for conjecture based on visual information\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"よう\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Indirect・Direct\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"More certain first hand information\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"👀\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f440.png\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Used when judging something from what you are seeing\u002Fexperiencing and telling how it is now\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"みたい\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Indirect・Direct\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"More certain first hand information\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"👀\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f440.png\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Similar to ようだ, but more casual\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"らしい\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Somewhat indirect\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Uncertain information\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"👂\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f442.png\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"More frequently used when sources are unclear, and the information is more unreliable\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"そう\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Somewhat indirect\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Certain information\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(\"img\", {\n class: \"emoji\",\n draggable: \"false\",\n alt: \"👂\",\n src: \"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.jsdelivr.net\u002Fgh\u002Fjdecked\u002Ftwemoji@15.1.0\u002Fassets\u002F72x72\u002F1f442.png\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Reliable information that is delivered, without altering it\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"みたい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are extremely similar in their usage, with the only difference being that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is preferred in writing, while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"みたい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used more in casual settings.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[3804,3806,3808],{"id":3324,"title":3343,"mod":3344,"grammarPoint":3345,"grammarPointTitle":3346,"grammarPointDescription":3347,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3348,"similarGrammarPoints":3349,"tags":3965,"content":3351,"dependentGrammarPoints":3352,"language":22,"similarPoints":3966,"prereqPoints":3967},[23,17,3207],[],[3230,3246,3313],{"id":3969,"title":3970,"mod":3971,"grammarPoint":3972,"grammarPointTitle":3973,"grammarPointDescription":3974,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3975,"similarGrammarPoints":3976,"tags":3977,"content":3978,"dependentGrammarPoints":3979,"language":22,"similarPoints":3980,"prereqPoints":3981},20463397960167,"「あと」(3) Indicate a requirement for a condition to be fulfilled",1769141112678,"ato-3-requirement-fulfill-condition","[JLPT N2] 「あと」 (ato) | Indicate a Requirement For a Condition to bBe Fulfilled | Japanese Grammar","When あと is attached in front of a counter like time, duration, distance or similar, it indicates the amount of additional quantity needed for some event to occur. In other words, it indicates a quantity which is the requisite condition for something to be achieved.",[2579,3300,3323,3324],[],[1124,17,3207],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「あと」(3) Indicate a requirement for a condition to be fulfilled\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"More (e.g. 3 more days), left\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used in the construction \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> あと \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", where \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" is a quantifier, it indicates the amount of additional quantity needed for some event to occur. In other words, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" indicates a quantity which is the requisite condition for something to be achieved.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あと 1日[いちにち,一日*いちにち]\u003C\u002Fstrong> で この 小説[しょうせつ] を 読[よ,よむ]み 終[お,おわる]わる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"In one more day, (I) will finish reading this novel.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.226-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] が 戻[もど,もどる]って くる[,来る*くる] まで、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あと ２時間[にじかん,時間*じかん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> は かかる[,かかる] らしい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"In one more day, (I) will finish reading this novel.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.226-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"あと + Counter\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あと ３日[みっか,日*にち]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3275,3473,3331,3342],{"id":3983,"title":3984,"mod":3985,"grammarPoint":3986,"grammarPointTitle":3987,"grammarPointDescription":3988,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3989,"similarGrammarPoints":3990,"tags":3991,"content":3992,"dependentGrammarPoints":3993,"language":22,"similarPoints":3994,"prereqPoints":3995},20463397960168,"「中・じゅう」 (1) Indicate an entire place or space",1769141166330,"jyuu-1-the-whole-place-space","[JLPT N3] 「中・じゅう」 (jyuu) | Indicate an Entire Place or Space | Japanese Grammar","中, when read as じゅう, can be attached to nouns that refer to places or spaces, to give the meaning that something happens \"inside\" or \"throughout\" it.",[],[1811,2696,2704],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「中・じゅう」 (1) Indicate an entire place or space\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Inside, throughout, during, while\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The character \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"中[じゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be added to different words to give them the additional meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"inside\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"throughout\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"during\"\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"while\"\n }), \". The specific meaning used will depend on the word it is attached to.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For the reading \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゅう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the general meaning you should keep in mind is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the whole\"\n }), \". See below.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 家[いえ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">家中[いえじゅう]\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 罠[わな] が ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This house has traps all over the house.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.227-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">体中[からだじゅう]\u003C\u002Fstrong> が 筋肉痛[きんにくつう] で 、階段[かいだん] を 上[のぼ,のぼる]る の も つらい[,つらい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My whole body is sore, and even climbing the stairs is painful.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.227-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 中\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学校[がっこう] 中[ちゅう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[2993,2995,2710],[],{"id":3997,"title":3998,"mod":3999,"grammarPoint":4000,"grammarPointTitle":4001,"grammarPointDescription":4002,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4003,"similarGrammarPoints":4004,"tags":4005,"content":4006,"dependentGrammarPoints":4007,"language":22,"similarPoints":4008,"prereqPoints":4009},20463397960169,"「中・ちゅう」 (2) In the process of",1764225287381,"chyuu-2-in-process-of","[JLPT N3] 「中・ちゅう」 (chyuu) | In the Process Of | Japanese Grammar","When 中 is attached to nouns or number-counter combinations, it is often read as ちゅう and has the meaning of \"out of,\" \"inside\" or \"during.\"",[],[2704],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「中・ちゅう」 (2) In the process of\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Inside, out of, while\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"中[ちゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be attached to different kinds of words, and depending on what it's attached to, both the reading and the meaning change slightly.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this article we’ll talk about its meaning when it’s attached to a counter, an object, a noun that expresses a state, or a noun that expresses an action. In all of these cases, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"中[ちゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is pronounced \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちゅう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When attached to a numeral, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"中[ちゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"out of\"\n }), \", as in \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"8 out of 10 people were sick\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"６５人[ろくじゅうごにん,人*にん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">中[ちゅう]\u003C\u002Fstrong> ３５人[さんじゅうごにん,人*にん] が テスト に 合格[ごうかく] し[,為る*する]ました 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"35 out of 65 people passed the test.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.228-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When attached to a noun that expresses an object, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"中[ちゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses that something is contained within this object.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">土中[どちゅう]\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 水分量[すいぶんりょう] は 植物[しょくぶつ] の 成長[せいちょう] に 大[おお,おおきい]きく 影響[えいきょう] する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The amount of moisture in the soil greatly affects plant growth.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.228-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When attached to a noun that expresses a state, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"中[ちゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses that something happens while this state is upheld.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 道路[どうろ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">工事[こうじ] 中[ちゅう]\u003C\u002Fstrong> の ため、通行[つうこう] でき[,できる]ません 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This road is under construction, so it cannot be used.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.228-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When attached to a noun that expresses an action, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"中[ちゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses that someone is in the midst of doing that action. For example, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食事[しょくじ] 中[ちゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in the midst of a meal\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"while eating\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 今[いま]、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">入浴[にゅうよく] 中[ちゅう]\u003C\u002Fstrong> な の で 少[すこ]し 待[ま,まつ]って ください 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He is currently taking a bath, so please wait a moment.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.228-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 中\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"土中[どちゅう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Counter + 中\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"１５人[じゅうごにん,人*にん] 中[ちゅう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[2710],[],{"id":4011,"title":4012,"mod":4013,"grammarPoint":4014,"grammarPointTitle":4015,"grammarPointDescription":4016,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4017,"similarGrammarPoints":4018,"tags":4019,"content":4020,"dependentGrammarPoints":4021,"language":22,"similarPoints":4022,"prereqPoints":4023},20463397960170,"「中・ちゅう・じゅう」(3) Indicate an entire duration of time",1769141948161,"chyuu-jyuu-3-whole-part-time","[JLPT N3] 「中・ちゅう・じゅう」 (chyuu・jyuu) | Indicate an Entire Duration of Time | Japanese Grammar","When 中 is attached to expressions of time, it can be read as じゅう or ちゅう, depending on the word it is attached to. The meaning is that something happens during the whole duration or at one point during said duration.",[],[],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「中・ちゅう・じゅう」(3) Indicate an entire duration of time\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"中[ちゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can attach to different kinds of words, and depending on what it's attached to, both the reading and the meaning change a bit.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In this article, we'll look at what it means when it's attached to expressions of time.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> 中[じゅう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" it can express that an action \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" occurs for the whole duration of \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \". This usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"中[じゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is generally read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゅう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (more information below).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"家[いえ] に は 金[かね] が ない[,ない] から 、父[ちち] は 毎日[まいにち] １人[ひとり] で １日[いちにち,一日*いちにち] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">中[じゅう]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 休[やす]み なく[,ない] 働[はたら,はたらく]いて いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There is no money in the house, so my father works everyday, by himself, all day, without break.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.229-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> 中[ちゅう] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" it can express that an action \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" happened at a certain point during that period, but not for the whole duration \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \". This usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"中[ちゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is generally read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちゅう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (more information below).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"最近[さいきん] 疲[つか,つかれる]れて い[,居る*いる]た から 週末[しゅうまつ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">中[ちゅう]\u003C\u002Fstrong> どこ[,何処*どこ] に も 行[い,いく]かないで 、ほとんど 家[いえ] で 寝[ね,ねる]て い[,居る*いる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Because (I've) been so tired lately, (I) didn't go anywhere all weekend and was mostly sleeping at home.\",\n audio: 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}), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"upper-latin\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"At a basic level, when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"中\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is attached to a noun that expresses time or duration and the word is of Chinese origin (e.g.: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"今週[こんしゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") it is read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちゅう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but when the noun is of Japanese origin (e.g.: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"今日[きょう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"), it is read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゅう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"But the reading can also depend on the intended meaning. When read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゅう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" it expresses that something happened during the whole duration. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちゅう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", on the other hand, expresses that something happened at a certain point during that period, but not for the whole duration.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Sadly, both of these are just tendencies. Normally we identify the word's origin by the reading and assume that with the Chinese reading is of Chinese origin, while the Japanese reading implies a Japanese origin. 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Sometimes the intended meaning is that an action \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" occurs for the whole duration of \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \", which according to the rule would suggest that 中 be read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゅう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but it is read as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちゅう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" regardless.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"午前[ごぜん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">中[ちゅう]\u003C\u002Fstrong>は 家[えい] に い[,居る*いる]ません 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I am not at home in the morning.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.229-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The same applies in reverse, that is, to an action that takes place at a point within a duration.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"きのう の 宿題[しゅくだい] は 今日[きょう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">中[じゅう]\u003C\u002Fstrong>に 出して[だして] ください 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please hand in the homework today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.229-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":4025,"title":4026,"mod":4027,"grammarPoint":4028,"grammarPointTitle":4029,"grammarPointDescription":4030,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4031,"similarGrammarPoints":4032,"tags":4033,"content":4034,"dependentGrammarPoints":4035,"language":22,"similarPoints":4036,"prereqPoints":4037},20463397960171,"「ほど」(3) Make an approximation",1769141408224,"hodo-3-express-approximation","[JLPT N3] 「ほど」 (hodo) | Make an Approximation | Japanese Grammar","Similar to くらい, ほど as well can be used to express approximation. Simply add it after a word that expresses some kind of amount.",[],[3582],[1054,17,1411],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ほど」(3) Make an approximation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Approximately\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used is with a counter to express approximation. Simply attach it to the noun of the counter you want to show approximation for.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"５時間[ごじかん,時間*じかん] ほど\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"about 5 hours\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あの[,彼の*あの] 遊園地[ゆうえんち] まで ここ[,此処*ここ] から ２時間[にじかん,時間*じかん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ほど\u003C\u002Fstrong> かかる[,掛かる*かかる] らしい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I heard it takes around two hours from here to that amusement park.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.230-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"兄[にい]ちゃん の タバコ を ３本[さんぼん,本*ほん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ほど\u003C\u002Fstrong> 盗[ぬす,ぬすむ]んで き[,来る*くる]た ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) stole three of (my) older brother's cigarettes!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.230-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Also note that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" here does not mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"about\"\n }), \", instead it is used to emphasize the achievement of stealing that many cigarettes. It's like a boast about the extent of the amount stolen. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"３本[さんぼん,本*ほん] ほど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" therefore is equivalent to saying \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"３本[さんぼん,本*ほん] も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in this sentence.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A significant constraint is that when applied to time, it can only be utilized with durations, as opposed to specific times or dates. To express approximation for a point in time or a date, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ごろ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has to be used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"８時[はちじ,時*じ] ほど に 帰った[かえった] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went home at around 8 p.m.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"８時[はちじ,時*じ] ごろ に 帰った[かえった] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went home at around 8 p.m.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Counter + ほど\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"３時間[さんじかん,時間*じ] ほど\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[3640],[],{"id":4039,"title":4040,"mod":4041,"grammarPoint":4042,"grammarPointTitle":4043,"grammarPointDescription":4044,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4045,"similarGrammarPoints":4046,"tags":4047,"content":4048,"dependentGrammarPoints":4049,"language":22,"similarPoints":4050,"prereqPoints":4051},20463397960172,"「ずつ」Distribute something equally",1769141436859,"zutsu-distribute-quantity-equally","[JLPT N3] 「ずつ」 (zutsu) | Distribute Something Equally | Japanese Grammar","ずつ can be used after a quantifier to express the idea that something is done with equal distribution as in \"X at a time.\"",[3324],[3619,3632],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ずつ」Distribute something equally\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Apiece, each\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ずつ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used after a quantifier to express the idea that something is done with equal distribution as in \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"X at a time\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"写真[しゃしん] を １枚[いちまい,枚*まい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ずつ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 確認[かくにん] し[,為る*する]て 、いい[,良い*いい] もの[,物*もの] だけ を 選[えら,えらぶ]んで ください 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please check the photos one by one and choose only the good ones.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.231-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] たち に お菓子[おかし] を ４個[よんこ,個*こ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ずつ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 配[くば,くばる]った。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I handed out four pieces of candy to each child.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.231-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One of the most frequent ways you will see this word is in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"少し[すこし] ずつ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"little by little\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"女房[にょうぼう] と １つ[ひとつ] の 小[ちい]さな ケーキ を 分け合[わけあ,わけあう]って 、少[すこ]し \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ずつ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 食[た,たべる]べた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) split one small cake with my wife and (we) each ate a little bit.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.231-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Aside from this kind of set phrase, in other constructions dropping \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ずつ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" would result in almost the same meaning.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"毎日[まいにち] 十個[じゅっこ,個*こ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ずつ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 勉強[べんきょう] する[,為る*する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) learn ten (words) a day equally.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.231-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"毎日[まいにち] 十個[じゅっこ,個*こ] 勉強[べんきょう] する[,為る*する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) learn ten (words) a day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.231-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"But as mentioned before, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ずつ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" focuses more on the equal distribution than sentences without it.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[3624,3648],[3342],{"id":4053,"title":4054,"mod":162,"grammarPoint":4055,"grammarPointTitle":4056,"grammarPointDescription":4057,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4058,"similarGrammarPoints":4059,"tags":4060,"content":4061,"dependentGrammarPoints":4062,"language":22,"similarPoints":4063,"prereqPoints":4064},20463397960173,"Basic math in Japanese","basic-math-japanese","[JLPT N4] | Basic Math in Japanese | Japanese Grammar","Learn how to say basic math operations and read equations in Japanese, including how to express addition, subtraction, and use brackets in formulas.",[3198,3217],[],[1034,17,3207],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Basic math in Japanese\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, and Parentheses\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Even if you don’t plan on learning a lot about math in Japanese, learning some basics is definitely useful in everyday conversations. In this lesson, we will introduce the basic vocabulary and how to pronounce equations like (3x3)+1-2=8.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The most basic operations in math are expressed with the verbs \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"足[た,たす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to add\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"引[ひ,ひく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to subtract\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"掛[か,かける]ける\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to multiply\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"割[わ,わる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to divide\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"算[ざん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"calculate\"\n }), \" is attached to the stem of those four verbs, it gives us the noun forms of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"足し算[たしざん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"addition\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"引き算[ひきざん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"subtraction\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"掛け算[かけざん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"multiplication\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"割り算[わりざん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"division\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let’s take a look at some example sentences.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 算数[さんすう] が 得意[とくい] で、いつも 満点[まんてん] を 取[と,とる]る 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He’s good at arithmetic and always gets full marks.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.232-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"掛け算[かけざん] は 小学校[しょうがっこう] で 最初[さいしょ] に 習[なら,ならう]う 大切[たいせつ] な 計算[けいさん] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Multiplication is an important type of calculation first learned in elementary school.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.232-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"足し算[たしざん] が 苦手[にがて] だった けど 、毎日[まいにち] 練習[れんしゅう] し[,為る*する]たら すぐ に 上達[じょうたつ] し[,為る*する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was bad at addition, but I improved quickly after practicing every day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.232-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"There are multiple ways to express simple calculations and their results.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Number + Operation + NumberはResult\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"１[いち] 足[た,たす]す １[いち] は ２[に]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"1 plus 1 equals 2.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.232-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Number + OperationことのNumberはResult\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"１[いち] 足[た,たす]す こと の １[いち] は ２[に]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"1 plus 1 equals 2.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.232-7-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Instead of using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は Result\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to express the result of a calculation, it can also be expressed simply as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">イーコール Result\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". So in the end you have four options to choose from.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"１[いち] 足[た,たす]す １[いち] は ２[に]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"1 plus 1 equals 2.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.232-8-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"２０[にじゅう] 足[た,たす]す １５[じゅうご] 引[ひ,ひく]く こと の ８[はち] は ２７[にじゅうなな]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"20 plus 15 minus 8 equals 27.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.232-9-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"４０[よんじゅう] 引[ひ,ひく]く １[いち] イコール ３９[さんじゅうきゅう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"40 minus 1 equals 39\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.232-10-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Brackets in Japanese are called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"括弧[!かっこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"算数[さんすう] で 、括弧[かっこ] 「（　」を 使[つか,つかう]う 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(We) use the parentheses \\\"（\\\" in arithmetic.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.232-12-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"算数[さんすう] で 「（　」括弧[かっこ] を 使[つか,つかう]う 時[とき] 、括弧[かっこ] を 閉[と,とじる]じる 「　）」こと は 大切[たいせつ] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When using the parentheses \\\"（\\\" in arithmetic, it is important to close the parentheses \\\"）\\\".\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.232-13-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 5\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"An opening bracket in a formula is simply pronounced as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"括弧[!かっこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". When closing a bracket it is called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"括弧閉じ[!かっことじ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"括弧[かっこ] ３[さん] 掛[か,かける]ける ３[さん] 括弧[かっこ] 閉[と,とじる]じ 、足[た,たす]す １[いち] 引[ひ,ひく]く こと の ２[に] は ８[はち]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"3 times 3 plus 1 minus 2 equals 8.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.232-15-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"括弧[かっこ] ４[よん] 割[われ,われる]る ２[に] 括弧[かっこ] 閉[と,とじる]じ、掛[か,かける]ける 事[こと] の ４[よん] は ８[はち]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"4 divided by 3 times 4 equals 8.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.232-17-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3230,3246],{"id":4066,"title":4067,"mod":4068,"grammarPoint":4069,"grammarPointTitle":4070,"grammarPointDescription":4071,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4072,"similarGrammarPoints":4073,"tags":4074,"content":4075,"dependentGrammarPoints":4076,"language":22,"similarPoints":4077,"prereqPoints":4078},20463397960174,"Fractions and decimals in Japanese",1765769910801,"fractions-decimals-japanese","[JLPT N4] | Fractions and Decimals in Japanese | Japanese Grammar","How to say fractions, decimals, and remainders in Japanese, including examples like 1\u002F4, 0.14, and math terms used in everyday conversation.",[3198,3217],[],[1034,17,3207],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Fractions and decimals in Japanese\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Fractions and decimals are useful for everyday conversations in Japanese and are frequently used in Japanese content. Let's discuss both concepts and provide some examples.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Fractions in Japanese are expressed as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">Denominator 分[ぶん] の Numerator\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This means that \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"one fourth\"\n }), \" would be expressed as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"４分[よんぶん] の １[いち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is the opposite of how it is done in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本[にほん] の 面積[めんせき] は アメリカ の 約[やく] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">４分[よんぶん,分*ぶん] の １[いち]\u003C\u002Fstrong> しか ない[,無い*ない] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Japan’s land area is only about one-fourth that of the United States.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.233-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"君[きみ] が この 大学[だいがく] に 入[はい,はいる]る 確率[かくりつ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">１[いち] \u002F ９[きゅう]\u003C\u002Fstrong>しか ない[,ない] 。諦[あきら,あきらめる]めた 方[ほう] が 良[い,いい]い 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Your probability of getting into this college is only 1\u002F9 (one in nine). (You) should give up.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.233-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When pronouncing decimals, the readings of numbers change slightly. Normally, 14 would be pronounced as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゅうよん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". However, if 14 is used in a decimal, such as 0.14, each number is pronounced separately, and the decimal point \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \".\"\n }), \" is pronounced as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"てん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This concept is similar to English pronunciation. Therefore, 0.14 is pronounced as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"れい てん いちよん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"家[いえ] から 職場[しょくば] まで \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">５．５キロ[ごてんごきろ,キロ*きろ]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 離[はな,はなれる]れて いる[,いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's 5.5 kilometers from home to work. \u003Cbr> (Literally: 5.5 kilometers separated)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.233-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Perhaps you're already aware that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あまり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" translates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"remainder\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"rest\"\n }), \". It continues to find application in mathematics when there's a remainder involved. As an illustration, when dividing 7 by 5, you get 1 with a remainder of 2. This result would be expressed as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一[いち] あまり 二[に]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"one remaining two\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3230,3246],{"id":4080,"title":4081,"mod":4082,"grammarPoint":4083,"grammarPointTitle":4084,"grammarPointDescription":4085,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4086,"similarGrammarPoints":4087,"tags":4088,"content":4089,"dependentGrammarPoints":4090,"language":22,"similarPoints":4091,"prereqPoints":4092},20463397960175,"「も」(3) Emphasize something",1765769684449,"mo-3-emphasize-something","[JLPT N4] 「も」 (mo) | Emphasize Something | Japanese Grammar","も can be used to add emphasis to express “even” or “as much as” with nouns, counters, verb stems, and quantifiers in different sentence patterns.",[2727,2728,2729],[],[1034,17,137],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「も」(3) Emphasize something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"As much as, even that many\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's review another function of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This new usage has to do with emphasis. It can be attached to nouns, quantifiers, counters, verb stems, and question words to express \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"as many as\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"(not) even\"\n }), \". Let's go over each of them one by one.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" after a noun, as in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", to express the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"even \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"隣[となり] の 子供[こども] は １４歳[じゅうよんさい,歳*\\\\さい] に なっ[,なる]た ばかり だ けど 、数[かず] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 数[かぞ,かぞえる]える こと が 出来[でき,できる]る 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The kid next door just turned 14 but can even count.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.234-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" after counters to express the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"not even\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"as much as\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう] は 疲[つか,つかれる]れて い[,居る*いる]た の で、ビール を 一本[いっぽん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 飲[の,のむ]まなかった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was tired yesterday, so I didn't drink even one beer.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.234-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" after verb stems, often in the form of \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"verb-stem +\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">も\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"+\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">しない\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to not even do X\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"娘[むすめ] と 今朝[けさ] ケンカ し[,する]た 。それから 娘[むすめ] は 私[わたし] を 見[み,みる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">も\u003C\u002Fstrong> し[,する]ない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) fought with (my) daughter this morning. After that (my) daughter won't even look at me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.234-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Stem + も\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べ も\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + も\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"足し算[たしざん] も\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Quantifier + も\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"十冊[じゅっさつ] も\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3804,3806,3808],{"id":155,"title":161,"mod":162,"grammarPoint":163,"grammarPointTitle":164,"grammarPointDescription":165,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":166,"similarGrammarPoints":167,"tags":4094,"content":169,"dependentGrammarPoints":170,"language":22,"similarPoints":4095,"prereqPoints":4096},[1054,17,137],[527],[527],{"id":701,"title":2376,"mod":2377,"grammarPoint":2378,"grammarPointTitle":2379,"grammarPointDescription":2380,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2381,"similarGrammarPoints":2382,"tags":4098,"content":2384,"dependentGrammarPoints":2385,"language":22,"similarPoints":4099,"prereqPoints":4104},[1034,17,137],[679,4100,4102,691],{"id":699,"title":2351,"mod":2352,"grammarPoint":2353,"grammarPointTitle":2354,"grammarPointDescription":2355,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2356,"similarGrammarPoints":2357,"tags":4101,"content":2359,"dependentGrammarPoints":2360,"language":22},[52,21,141],{"id":700,"title":2364,"mod":2365,"grammarPoint":2366,"grammarPointTitle":2367,"grammarPointDescription":2368,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2369,"similarGrammarPoints":2370,"tags":4103,"content":2372,"dependentGrammarPoints":2373,"language":22},[27,21,141],[],{"id":669,"title":692,"mod":693,"grammarPoint":694,"grammarPointTitle":695,"grammarPointDescription":696,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":697,"similarGrammarPoints":698,"tags":4106,"content":703,"dependentGrammarPoints":704,"language":22,"similarPoints":4107,"prereqPoints":4108},[23,17,137],[679,4100,4102,2375],[],{"id":687,"title":1374,"mod":1375,"grammarPoint":1376,"grammarPointTitle":1377,"grammarPointDescription":1378,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1379,"similarGrammarPoints":1380,"tags":4110,"content":1382,"dependentGrammarPoints":1383,"language":22,"similarPoints":4111,"prereqPoints":4112},[1054,17,137],[679,160,2375],[],{"id":4114,"title":4115,"mod":4116,"grammarPoint":4117,"grammarPointTitle":4118,"grammarPointDescription":4119,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4120,"similarGrammarPoints":4121,"tags":4123,"content":4124,"dependentGrammarPoints":4125,"language":22,"similarPoints":4126,"prereqPoints":4138},20463397960180,"「ね」Question tags",1769141670819,"ne-ask-for-confirmation-isnt-it","[JLPT N5] 「ね」 (ne) | Question Tags | Japanese Grammar","The sentence ender ね adds a sense of confirmation or shared understanding, like saying “right?” or “isn’t it?”—intonation changes its nuance.",[],[4122],20463397960181,[23,17,3561],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ね」Question tags\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Isn't it?\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ね\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a sentence ender that is used to ask for confirmation from the listener. It can be translated to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"right?\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"isn't it?\"\n }), \". And as the name implies, sentence enders are simply added to the end of sentences.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Please note that even if it can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"right?\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"isn't it?\"\n }), \", it is not necessarily a question that you expect an answer to.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"その 映画[えいが]、すご[,すごい]く よ[,良い*いい]かった \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ね\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That movie was really good, wasn’t it?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.239-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：今[いま] から そっち に 行[い,いく]く \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ね\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。車[くるま] で 行[い,いく]く から 、５分[ごふん,分*ふん] くらい で 着[つ,つく]く はず だ 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：分[わ,わかる]かった 。家[いえ] の 門[もん] の 前[まえ] で 待[ま,まつ]って いる[,いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ね\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: (I'm) on my way there now, so you know. I will go by car, so (I) should arrive in about 5 minutes. \u003Cbr> B: Understood. (I) will be waiting for you in front of the house gate.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.239-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ね\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used in two ways - to ask for confirmation and to express agreement. It's important to note that the two uses have slightly different intonations. When used to ask for confirmation, it's pronounced with a rising tone. When used to express agreement, it's pronounced with a falling tone.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：車[くるま] が 全然[ぜんぜん] 、前[まえ] に 進[すす,すすむ]まない \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ね\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：今[いま] は 昼ご飯[ひるごはん] の 時間[じかん] だ から \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ね\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: The cars aren't moving (forward) at all, huh. [Asking for confirmation] \u003Cbr> B: It's because it's lunch time right now, so you know. [Agreement]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.239-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"If you want to learn more about pitch in Japanese, you can check out our Migaku Pitch Trainer, which teaches you all you need to know.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Sentence + ね\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"朝ご飯[あさごはん] を 食[た,たべる]べた ね\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[4127],{"id":4122,"title":4128,"mod":4129,"grammarPoint":4130,"grammarPointTitle":4131,"grammarPointDescription":4132,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4133,"similarGrammarPoints":4134,"tags":4135,"content":4136,"dependentGrammarPoints":4137,"language":22},"「よ」Inform someone of something new",1764306791286,"yo-inform-someone-something-new","[JLPT N5] 「よ」 (ne) | Inform Someone of Something New | Japanese Grammar","The sentence-ending particle よ adds force, emotion, or urgency to statements, with meaning shaped by changes in tone and context.",[],[58,4114],[27,21,3565],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「よ」Inform someone of something new\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"You know, for your information, I'm telling you\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a sentence ender that can be used at the end of a sentence to express emphasis, contempt, request, or warning.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"窓[まど] を 閉[し,しめる]めた ほう[,方*ほう] が いい[,良い*いい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">よ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You should close the window.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.240-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：あんた 、なんか 臭[くさ,くさい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">よ\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？　最近[さいきん] 、風呂[ふろ] に 入[はい,はいる]ってる ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：近[ちか]く の 銭湯[せんとう] が 閉[し,しまる]まってて 、もう １週間[いっしゅうかん,週間*しゅうかん] も 風呂[ふろ] に 入[はい,はいる]ってない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: You're kinda stinky? 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x2=\\\"61.676\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".008\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".585\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003ClinearGradient id=\\\"Diamond_svg__g\\\" x1=\\\"52.269\\\" x2=\\\"80.492\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF0\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".583\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"わ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" exclusively used by women? The answer is no. Although watching a lot of anime might give you that impression. This is due to a concept called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"役割語[やくわりご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"role language\"\n }), \", where different words, word endings, and expressions are attributed to characters based on their archetype. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nFor instance, characters who are considered \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お 嬢様[じょうさま]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"princess\"\n }), \" often use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"わ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" at the end of their sentences, while other characters rarely use it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"female わ\"\n }), \" mentioned above is not commonly used in real life, but there is a male version of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"わ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" that is frequently used in everyday conversations, particularly in the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"関西[かんさい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Kansai\"\n }), \" region of Japan. There are two key differences between this \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"male わ\"\n }), \" and the \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"female わ\"\n }), \" mentioned earlier:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"upper-latin\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The intonation is different. The rising intonation of the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"わ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お 嬢様[じょうさま]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"princess\"\n }), \" use denotes emphasis, while the male version has a falling intonation and denotes surprise or emotion.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Women use it not only in plain speech, but also attached to polite forms. The male version is only used in informal situations and never with polite forms.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":4160,"title":4161,"mod":4162,"grammarPoint":4163,"grammarPointTitle":4164,"grammarPointDescription":4165,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4166,"similarGrammarPoints":4167,"tags":4168,"content":4169,"dependentGrammarPoints":4170,"language":22,"similarPoints":4171,"prereqPoints":4172},20463397960183,"「な」A masculine version of ね",1769141733254,"na-seek-confirmation-more","[JLPT N3] 「な」 (na) | A Masculine Version of ね | Japanese Grammar","The sentence-ending particle な adds emotion or seeks agreement, often used by men to express reflection, surprise, or a shared feeling.",[],[4114],[1054,3561,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「な」A masculine version of ね\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Isn't it?\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another important sentence-ending particle is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It is used similarly to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ね\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in that it is used to seek confirmation or agreement from the listener, and to show that something is being given consideration. The main difference is that it is used predominantly by male speakers.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 映画[えいが]、意外[いがい] と 面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]かった \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">な\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That movie was surprisingly good.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.242-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本[にほん] に また 行[い,いく]きたい \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">な\u003C\u002Fstrong> ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I really want to go to Japan again!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.242-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Sentenceな\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 寒[さむ,さむい]い な\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[4142],[],{"id":4174,"title":4175,"mod":4176,"grammarPoint":4177,"grammarPointTitle":4178,"grammarPointDescription":4179,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4180,"similarGrammarPoints":4181,"tags":4182,"content":4183,"dependentGrammarPoints":4184,"language":22,"similarPoints":4185,"prereqPoints":4186},20463397960184,"「さ」A sentence ending particle for getting attention",1769141774575,"sa-be-like-different","[JLPT N3] 「さ」 (sa) | Japanese's Equivalent of \"Like\" (As a Filler Word) | Japanese Grammar","The sentence-ending particle さ adds emphasis, emotion, or draws attention—similar to “like” in English—and is common in casual Tokyo speech.",[],[],[1054,17,3561],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「さ」A sentence ending particle for getting attention\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Like\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's move on to the sentence ender \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"さ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Sentence-ending particles can seem overwhelming, but don't worry too much. You will understand them better and better as you start listening to the language and hearing them being used in actual speech. However, having some basic knowledge is still helpful.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So, what's the deal with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"さ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"? It is often used to get someone's attention.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あの \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">さ\u003C\u002Fstrong>...\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"So hey...\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.243-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 前[まえ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">さ\u003C\u002Fstrong>...\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"So before...\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.243-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It can also be used to add emotional weight or emphasis.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"そんな の 当たり前[あたりまえ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">さ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That’s only natural.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.243-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] 授業[じゅぎょう] 中[ちゅう] に 弁当[べんとう] を 食[た,たべる]べた けど 、誰[だれ] も 気[き,きづく]づかなかった \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">さ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) ate my lunch during class today, but no one noticed.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.243-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"さ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is one of those words that tends to be overused, similar to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"like\"\n }), \" in English. It is important to mention that it should not be used in formal speech and is mostly used by young people in the Tokyo area.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Sentenceさ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう] は 行[い,いく]かなかった さ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":3559,"title":3570,"mod":3571,"grammarPoint":3572,"grammarPointTitle":3573,"grammarPointDescription":3574,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3575,"similarGrammarPoints":3576,"tags":4188,"content":3578,"dependentGrammarPoints":3579,"language":22,"similarPoints":4189,"prereqPoints":4190},[1034,17,3561],[],[],{"id":4192,"title":4193,"mod":3571,"grammarPoint":4194,"grammarPointTitle":4195,"grammarPointDescription":4196,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4197,"similarGrammarPoints":4198,"tags":4199,"content":4200,"dependentGrammarPoints":4201,"language":22,"similarPoints":4202,"prereqPoints":4203},20463397960186,"「だけでなく」\"Not only, but also\"","dakedenaku-not-only","[JLPT N4] 「だけでなく」 (dakedenaku) | \"Not Only X, But Also Y\" | Japanese Grammar","だけで(は)なく～も expresses “not only X but also Y” with verbs, adjectives, and nouns to show additional or unexpected qualities.",[],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「だけでなく」\\\"Not only, but also\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The expression \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だけ で (は) なく ～ も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"not only X but also Y\"\n }), \". It is formed by combining \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だけ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which we discussed earlier, and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で は ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"is not\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ピザ ５枚[ごまい] だけ で は なく ケーキ ３個[さんこ,個*こ] も\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"not only 5 slices of pizza, but also 3 cakes\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 日本語[にほんご] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だけ で は な[,ない]く\u003C\u002Fstrong>、韓国語[かんこくご] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">も\u003C\u002Fstrong> 話[はな,はなす]せます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He can speak not only Japanese but also Korean.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.245-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 頭[あたま] が いい[,良い*いい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だけ で は な[,ない]く\u003C\u002Fstrong>、努力家[どりょくか] で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">も\u003C\u002Fstrong> ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He’s not only smart but also hardworking.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.245-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is optional and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"も\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be dropped in some cases.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 書類[しょるい] は 、分[わ,わかる]かり 易[やす,やすい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だけ でなく\u003C\u002Fstrong> 字[じ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">も\u003C\u002Fstrong> とても きれい だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This document is not only easy to understand, but also has very nice handwriting. \u003Cbr> (Literally: the characters are very pretty)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.245-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + だけで(は)なく\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる だけ で (は) なく ・ 食[た,たべる]べた だけ で (は) なく\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + だけで(は)なく\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い だけ で (は) なく ・ 高[たか,たかい]かった だけ で (は) なく\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + なだけで(は)なく\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静か[しずか] な だけ で (は) なく ・ 静か[しずか] だった だけ で (は) なく\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + だけで(は)なく\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] だけ で (は) なく ・ 学生[がくせい] だっただ けで (は) なく\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":4205,"title":4206,"mod":4207,"grammarPoint":4208,"grammarPointTitle":4209,"grammarPointDescription":4210,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4211,"similarGrammarPoints":4212,"tags":4213,"content":4214,"dependentGrammarPoints":4215,"language":22,"similarPoints":4216,"prereqPoints":4219},20463397960187,"「で」(4) Express a reason",1764558880598,"de-4-express-reason","[JLPT N5] 「で」 (de) | Express a Reason | Japanese Grammar","で can also be used to express a cause or reason for something. In this usage it is similar to, but a bit looser than から.",[],[856,864],[23,17,567],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「で」(4) Express a reason\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Because of\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Finally, the last usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"! Or is it?\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In addition to marking the location of existence, the usage of something for something, and a time point or period, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used to indicate a reason or causal relationship, similar to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". In \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is the cause or reason for \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"最近[さいきん] 、毎日[まいにち] 仕事[しごと] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で\u003C\u002Fstrong> 疲[つか,つかれる]れて いる[,いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Lately, (I'm) tired because (I) have work everyday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.246-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"去年[きょねん] の 秋[あき] 、事故[じこ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で\u003C\u002Fstrong> 入院[にゅういん] し[,する]た 。入院[にゅういん] が 長[なが,ながい] すぎ[,すぎる]て 、友達[ともだち] の 名前[なまえ] と 顔[かお] を 忘[わす,わすれる]れて しまった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Last year's fall, (I) was hospitalized because of an accident. The hospitalization was so long that (I) ended up forgetting the names and faces of (my) friends.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.246-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + で\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"病気[びょうき] で\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General 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\"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a very loose marker for the cause of something. 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And then, a cat jumped out.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.252-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"道[みち] に 迷[まよ,まよう]って 立ち止[たちと,たちとまる]まった 。\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">する[,為る*する] と\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、親切[しんせつ] な 人[ひと] が 声[こえ] を かけ[,かける]て くれ[,くれる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I got lost and stopped walking. Then a kind person spoke to me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.252-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As always, for the grammatically uninitiated, a conjunction is a word used to connect clauses or sentences (e.g., and, but, if).\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"SentenceするとSentence\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静か[しずか] だった 。する[,する] と、騒[さわ,さわがしい]がしく な[,なる]った\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1091],{"id":4257,"title":4258,"mod":4259,"grammarPoint":4260,"grammarPointTitle":4261,"grammarPointDescription":4262,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4263,"similarGrammarPoints":4264,"tags":4265,"content":4266,"dependentGrammarPoints":4267,"language":22,"similarPoints":4268,"prereqPoints":4269},20463397960194,"「見える」Express that something is visible",1769229556058,"mieru-something-visible","[JLPT N4] 「見える」 (mieru) | Express that Something Is Visible | Japanese Grammar","見える is used to express that something is naturally or passively visible, while 見られる expresses that the subject of the sentence can see something actively.",[1543],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「見える」Express that something is visible\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Can see, be visible\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Although \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"見える[みえる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" shares a similar meaning with the potential form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"見られる[みられる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", there is a difference between them. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"見える[みえる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means that something is \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"naturally or passively visible\"\n }), \", while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"見られる[みられる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" indicates that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"the subject of the sentence can see something actively\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：ここ から 牛[うし] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">見[み,みえる]える\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。牛[うし] が 寝[ね,ねる] 始[はじ,はじめる]めた よ ！\u003Cbr>\\nB：どこ ？どこ ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: From here, I can see cows. The cows started to sleep! \u003Cbr> B: Where? Where?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.253-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this conversation, the object that is visible is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (not \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"), and the speaker is indicating that the cow is passively visible.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The difference between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"見える[みえる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"見られる[みられる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" lies in whether something is passively or actively visible. By passively visible, we mean that something has the general quality of being able to be seen, regardless of whether the speaker chooses to look or not. On the other hand, actively visible implies a speaker intentionally trying to see something and succeeding or failing depending on the circumstances.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"目[め] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">見[み,みえる]えない\u003C\u002Fstrong> の に、彼[かれ] は ピアノ を 完璧[かんぺき] に 弾[ひ,ひく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even though he is blind, he plays the piano perfectly. \u003Cbr> (Unable to see, regardless of my volition.)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.253-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 家[いえ] に 父[ちち] が 居[い,いる]る から 好[す]き な テレビ 番組[ばんぐみ] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">見[み,みる]られない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) dad is home today, so (I) can't watch the TV shows (I) like.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.253-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this case, the speaker wants to watch their favorite TV program but cannot because their father is at home. The use of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"見られる[みられる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in this context indicates that the speaker is actively trying to watch the program but is prevented from doing so by their father's presence.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Objectが見える\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"牛[うし] が 見[み,みえる]える\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1561],{"id":4271,"title":4272,"mod":4273,"grammarPoint":4274,"grammarPointTitle":4275,"grammarPointDescription":4276,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4277,"similarGrammarPoints":4278,"tags":4279,"content":4280,"dependentGrammarPoints":4281,"language":22,"similarPoints":4282,"prereqPoints":4283},20463397960195,"「聞こえる」Express that something is audible",1769229589119,"kikoeru-something-audiable","[JLPT N4] 「聞こえる」 (kikoeru) | Express That Something Is Audible | Japanese Grammar","聞こえる is used to express that something is naturally or passively audible, while 聞ける expresses that the subject of the sentence can hear something actively.",[1542],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「聞こえる」Express that something is audible\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Can hear, be audible\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"聞こえる[きこえる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means that something is spontaneously or passively audible.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"父[ちち] は 事故[じこ] に 遭[あ,あう]って から 耳[みみ] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">聞[き,きこえる]こえない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) father has been deaf since getting into an accident. \u003Cbr> (Literally: ears can't hear)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.254-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The difference between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"聞[き,きこえる]こえる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"聞[き,きく]ける\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (the potential form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"聞[き,きく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") lies in whether something is passively or actively audible. By passively audible, we mean that something has the general quality of being able to be heard, regardless of whether the speaker chooses to listen or not. On the other hand, actively audible implies a speaker intentionally trying to hear something and succeeding or failing depending on the circumstances.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"生[う]まれつき 耳[みみ] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">聞[き,きこえる]こえない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 人[ひと] も いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Some people are born unable to hear. \u003Cbr> (Not able to hear, regardless of volition.)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.254-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 私[わたし] の 好[す]き な 音楽番組[おんがくばんぐみ] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">聴[き,きく]ける\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Today (I) can listen to the music program (I) like.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.254-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Soundが聞こえる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"銃声[じゅうせい] が 聞[き,きこえる]こえた\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1550],{"id":3007,"title":3016,"mod":3017,"grammarPoint":3018,"grammarPointTitle":3019,"grammarPointDescription":3020,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3021,"similarGrammarPoints":3022,"tags":4285,"content":3024,"dependentGrammarPoints":3025,"language":22,"similarPoints":4286,"prereqPoints":4287},[1034,17,2274],[],[3948],{"id":4289,"title":4290,"mod":4291,"grammarPoint":4292,"grammarPointTitle":4293,"grammarPointDescription":4294,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4295,"similarGrammarPoints":4296,"tags":4297,"content":4298,"dependentGrammarPoints":4299,"language":22,"similarPoints":4300,"prereqPoints":4301},20463397960197,"「なくなる」”Cease to be\u002Foccur\"",1769230652483,"nakunaru-it-comes-undone","[JLPT N4] 「なくなる」 (nakunaru) | \"Cease to Be\u002FOccur\" | Japanese Grammar","なくなる is used to show that something no longer happens or is true—often paired with verbs or adjectives to express becoming unable or a state gradually ending.\n",[739,740,741],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「なくなる」”Cease to be\u002Foccur\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Not anymore\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な[,ない]く なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to express that an action or state does not take place anymore. It can be used on its own to express that something is missing or disappears, but it can also be used with verbs.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used with verbs, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な[,ない]く なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" replaces the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない[,ない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in a negative verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"書[か,かく]けない　→　書[か,かく]けなく なる[,成る*なる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Can't write → Become unable to write\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昔[むかし] は 長[なが,ながい]い 文章[ぶんしょう] も すらすら 書[か,かく]けた の に、最近[さいきん] は 全然[ぜんぜん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">書[か,かく]けなく な[,成る*なる]った\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I used to be able to write long passages easily, but lately I can’t write at all.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.256-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n 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It is often used with the potential form of a verb to express that someone has become unable to do something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本語[にほんご] が 話[はな,はなす]せなくなった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can no longer speak Japanese.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now, let's compare \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な[,ない]く なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as ways to express a change in a state.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本語[にほんご] が もう 話[はな,はなす]せない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can’t speak Japanese anymore.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" focuses only on the fact that you can’t speak the language anymore, placing emphasis on the result. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な[,ない]く なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" focuses more on the process. This also allows you to use time expressions with it, which is not possible with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"老犬[ろうけん] が 急[きゅう]に 立[た,たつ]てなくなった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My old dog suddenly couldn't stand up.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1347,1349,1351],{"id":4303,"title":4304,"mod":4305,"grammarPoint":4306,"grammarPointTitle":4307,"grammarPointDescription":4308,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4309,"similarGrammarPoints":4310,"tags":4311,"content":4312,"dependentGrammarPoints":4313,"language":22,"similarPoints":4314,"prereqPoints":4315},20463397960198,"「なくて」(3) “Because X isn’t\u002Fcan’t\u002Fdidn’t\"",1769230776323,"nakute-state-cause-reason","[JLPT N4] 「なくて」 (nakute) | \"Because X Didn't\u002FCan't\u002FIsn't\" | Japanese Grammar","Use なくて to express a reason or cause in a sentence’s first part when something doesn't happen or isn’t true. It’s the negative version of the て-form.\n",[739,740,741],[],[1034,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「なくて」(3) “Because X isn’t\u002Fcan’t\u002Fdidn’t\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Before getting into the formation of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", let's take a moment to understand its usage. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be considered the negative counterpart of the て-form and is commonly used to express a cause or reason in Japanese.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's quickly review the formation.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"なくて\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"take out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]さない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"do not take out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]さなくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"do not take out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"do not eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べなくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"do not eat\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"do\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し[,する]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"do not do\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"し[,する]なくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"do not do\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くる[,くる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"come\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こ[,くる]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"do not come\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こ[,くる]なくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"do not come\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いく[,いく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"い[,いく]かない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"do not go\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"い[,いく]かなくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"do not go\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"高[たか,たかい]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"expensive\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"高[たか,たかい]く ない[,ない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not expensive\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"高[たか,たかい]く な[,ない]くて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not expensive\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"静か[しずか]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"quiet\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"静か[しずか] じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not quiet\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"静か[しずか] じゃなくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not quiet\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"先生[せんせい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"teacher\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"先生[せんせい] じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not teacher\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"先生[せんせい] じゃなくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not teacher\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So what else is there to discuss? Besides being the negative て-form, this construction can be used to indicate a cause or reason for something. A common structure is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> なくて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", where the reason for what happens in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" is expressed in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"注射[ちゅうしゃ] は 思[おも,おもう]った より \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">痛[いた,いたい]くなくて\u003C\u002Fstrong> 安心[あんしん] し[,為る*する]ました 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The shot didn’t hurt as much as I thought, so I felt relieved.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.257-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"家[いえ] の 木[き] が 大[おお,おおきい]き 過[す,すぎる]ぎて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">切[き,きる]れなくて\u003C\u002Fstrong> 困[こま,こまる]って いる[,いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The tree at (my) house is too big to cut and (I'm) at a loss.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.257-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The cause-and-effect relationship in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is not as strong as in some other constructions. Sometimes, it is only weakly implied. Similar constructions, ordered from strongest (most causally linked) to weakest, are: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない[,ない] から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない[,ない] ので\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ないで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and lastly, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Negative-Stem + なくて\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"話[はな,はなす]さなくて ・ 話[はな,はなす]せなくて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-Stem + くなくて\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"安[やす,やすい]く なくて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + ではなくて・じゃなくて\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静か[しずか] で は なくて ・ 静か[しずか] じゃ なくて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + ではなくて・じゃなくて\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] で は なくて ・ 学生[がくせい] じゃ なくて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1347,1349,1351],{"id":1073,"title":1103,"mod":1104,"grammarPoint":1105,"grammarPointTitle":1106,"grammarPointDescription":1107,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1108,"similarGrammarPoints":1109,"tags":4317,"content":1111,"dependentGrammarPoints":1112,"language":22,"similarPoints":4318,"prereqPoints":4319},[1034,17,468],[],[],{"id":4321,"title":4322,"mod":1104,"grammarPoint":4323,"grammarPointTitle":4324,"grammarPointDescription":4325,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4326,"similarGrammarPoints":4327,"tags":4328,"content":4329,"dependentGrammarPoints":4330,"language":22,"similarPoints":4331,"prereqPoints":4332},20463397960200,"「ばよかった」\"If only I had…\"","bayokatta-express-regret","[JLPT N4] 「ばよかった」 (bayokatta) | Express Regret Over Something Not Done | Japanese Grammar","ばよかった can be used to express regret or relief about a past action. The meaning it expresses can be translatedd as “I wish I had...”",[1073],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ばよかった」\\\"If only I had…\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Express regret over something not done\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To construct this form, simply add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よかっ[,いい]た\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～ば\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" form of a verb. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> ば よかっ[,いい]た\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I wish I had done \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"雨[あめ] が 降[ふ,ふる]る 前[まえ] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">行[い,いく]けば よかっ[,良い*いい]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> の に 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You should have gone before it started raining.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.259-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">聞[き,きく]けば よかっ[,良い*いい]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> の に、自分[じぶん] で 調[しら,しらべる]べて 時間[じかん] が かかっ[,かかる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I should have asked the teacher, but I looked it up myself and it took forever.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.259-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よかっ[,いい]た\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is just the past form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いい[,いい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"good\"\n }), \", it should be easy to see where the meaning comes from. Given that this is a past tense form, it can only be used to express that someone wishes they had done something but didn't.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べれば よかっ[,いい]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I wish I had eaten.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To express the opposite, where someone is happy they did something, you simply attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to a verb in its て-form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べて よかっ[,いい]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm glad I ate.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ばよかった\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べれば よかっ[,いい]た\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1102],{"id":2762,"title":2851,"mod":2852,"grammarPoint":2853,"grammarPointTitle":2854,"grammarPointDescription":2855,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2856,"similarGrammarPoints":2857,"tags":4334,"content":2861,"dependentGrammarPoints":2862,"language":22,"similarPoints":4339,"prereqPoints":4342},[1054,17,4335],{"id":4336,"title":4337,"description":4338,"slug":2860,"language":22},"1744427751780","わけ Series","Lesson uses わけ in some way",[2754,4340],{"id":2858,"title":3811,"mod":3812,"grammarPoint":3813,"grammarPointTitle":3814,"grammarPointDescription":3815,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3816,"similarGrammarPoints":3817,"tags":4341,"content":3819,"dependentGrammarPoints":3820,"language":22},[83,21],[],{"id":4344,"title":4345,"mod":1104,"grammarPoint":4346,"grammarPointTitle":4347,"grammarPointDescription":4348,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4349,"similarGrammarPoints":4350,"tags":4351,"content":4352,"dependentGrammarPoints":4353,"language":22,"similarPoints":4354,"prereqPoints":4355},20463397960202,"「やはり・やっぱり」”As expected\"","yahari-yappari-something-expected","[JLPT N3] 「やはり・やっぱり」 (yahari・yappari) | \"As Expected\"| Japanese Grammar","やはり and やっぱり can be used to show something happened as expected based on experience or common sense.",[],[],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「やはり・やっぱり」”As expected\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"After all\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"やはり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"やっぱり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to express that a situation conforms to a standard based on the speaker's past experiences, common sense, or a comparison with others. A good way to understand this word is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"as expected\"\n }), \". Since this word is subjective, its meaning is shaped by the speaker's experiences, sense of normalcy, or common sense.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"雨[あめ] が 降[ふ,ふる]って き[,来る*くる]た ね 。\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">やはり\u003C\u002Fstrong> 傘[かさ] を 持[も,もつ]って く[,来る*くる]れば よかっ[,良い*いい]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It started raining. I should've brought an umbrella after all.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.261-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">やっぱり\u003C\u002Fstrong> 日本語[にほんご] の 勉強[べんきょう] は 毎日[まいにち] 続[つづ,つづける]けた ほう[,方*ほう] が いい[,良い*いい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"As expected, it's best to keep studying Japanese every day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.261-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The difference between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"やはり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"やっぱり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is that the latter sounds more emotional.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This is a common theme to keep in mind. When a word has two variants, one with a small \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"つ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and one without, the one with the small \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"つ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" tends to be more emotional or expressive.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":3008,"title":3027,"mod":3028,"grammarPoint":3029,"grammarPointTitle":3030,"grammarPointDescription":3031,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3032,"similarGrammarPoints":3033,"tags":4357,"content":3035,"dependentGrammarPoints":3036,"language":22,"similarPoints":4358,"prereqPoints":4359},[1034,17,2274],[1913,3015,3037],[1887,3015],{"id":3009,"title":3038,"mod":3039,"grammarPoint":3040,"grammarPointTitle":3041,"grammarPointDescription":3042,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3043,"similarGrammarPoints":3044,"tags":4361,"content":3046,"dependentGrammarPoints":3047,"language":22,"similarPoints":4362,"prereqPoints":4365},[1034,17,2274],[1916,4363,3026],{"id":1902,"title":1903,"mod":1847,"grammarPoint":1904,"grammarPointTitle":1905,"grammarPointDescription":1906,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1907,"similarGrammarPoints":1908,"tags":4364,"content":1910,"dependentGrammarPoints":1911,"language":22},[83,21,1526],[1887,3015],{"id":2485,"title":4367,"mod":4368,"grammarPoint":4369,"grammarPointTitle":4370,"grammarPointDescription":4371,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4372,"similarGrammarPoints":4373,"tags":4374,"content":4375,"dependentGrammarPoints":4376,"language":22,"similarPoints":4377,"prereqPoints":4378},"The imperative form of う verbs",1769231994116,"verb-imperatives-level-2-u","[JLPT N4] | U-verb Imperative Fom | Japanese Grammar","Learn how to form strong, direct commands in Japanese using level 2 imperatives.",[],[],[1034,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The imperative form of う verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Make commands\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For those of us who struggle with grammar, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"imperative\"\n }), \" means a word or structure used to influence people to do something. Imperative level 1 refers to being more polite in our requests or commands, as there is a difference between saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Could you give me that thing\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Give me that thing\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Level 2 imperative expresses a stronger request or command. In order to form this type of imperative, specific verb conjugations are used.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For u-verbs, the last \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" vowel is changed to an \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"e\"\n }), \" vowel.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kana Shift\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Imperative\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"take out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"す \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"su\"\n }), \" → せ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"se\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]せ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Take out!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"write\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"く \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ku\"\n }), \" → け \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ke\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]け\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Write!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]ぐ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"swim\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぐ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"gu\"\n }), \" → げ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ge\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]げ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Swim!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"read\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"む \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"mu\"\n }), \" → め \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"me\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]め\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Read!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]ぬ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"die\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぬ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"nu\"\n }), \" → ね \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ne\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]ね\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Die!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]ぶ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"fly\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぶ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"bu\"\n }), \" → べ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"be\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]べ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Fly!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"切[き,きる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"cut\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"る \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ru\"\n }), \" → れ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"re\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"切[き,きる]れ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Cut!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]つ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"stand\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"つ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"tu\"\n }), \" → て \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"te\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]て\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Stand!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"buy\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"う \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" → え \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"e\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]え\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Buy!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"危[あぶ,あぶない]ない から 道[みち] の 端[はし] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">歩[ある,あるく]け\u003C\u002Fstrong> ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It’s dangerous, so walk on the side of the road.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.264-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"説明書[せつめいしょ] を ちゃんと \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">読[よ,よむ]め\u003C\u002Fstrong>！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Read the instructions properly.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.264-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"That's it. There isn't much more to talk about.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":2486,"title":4380,"mod":4381,"grammarPoint":4382,"grammarPointTitle":4383,"grammarPointDescription":4371,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4384,"similarGrammarPoints":4385,"tags":4386,"content":4387,"dependentGrammarPoints":4388,"language":22,"similarPoints":4389,"prereqPoints":4390},"The imperative form of る verbs",1769232647551,"verb-imperatives-level-2-ru","[JLPT N4] | Ru-verb Imperative Form | Japanese Grammar",[],[],[1034,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The imperative form of る verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Make commands\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For those of us who struggle with grammar, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"imperative\"\n }), \" means a word or structure used to influence people to do something. Imperative level 1 refers to being more polite in our requests or commands, as there is a difference between saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Could you give me that thing\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Give me that thing\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To conjugate the imperative for ru-verbs, you need to change the る to a ろ.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Potential\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]ろ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Go out!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べろ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Eat!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"野菜[やさい] も しっかり \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べろ\u003C\u002Fstrong> ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Eat all the vegetables too!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.265-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 問題[もんだい] の 解き方[ときかた] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">教[おし,おしえる]えろ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Show me how to solve this problem.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.265-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For ru-verbs, there are two possible endings, ろ and よ. However, よ is mainly used in written Japanese and is often seen in written instructions, for example.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"次[つぎ] の 質問[しつもん] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">答[こた,こたえる]えよ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Answer the following questions.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.265-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":2487,"title":4392,"mod":4393,"grammarPoint":4394,"grammarPointTitle":4395,"grammarPointDescription":4396,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4397,"similarGrammarPoints":4398,"tags":4399,"content":4400,"dependentGrammarPoints":4401,"language":22,"similarPoints":4402,"prereqPoints":4403},"The imperative form of irregular verbs",1769232647553,"verb-imperatives-level-2-irregular","[JLPT N4] | Irregular Verbs, Imperative Form | Japanese Grammar","Learn how to form and use strong, direct commands in Japanese using imperative verbs like しろ, こい, and 行け, including special cases like せよ.",[],[],[1034,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The imperative form of irregular verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Make commands\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For those of us who struggle with grammar, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"imperative\"\n }), \" means a word or structure used to influence people to do something. Imperative level 1 refers to being more polite in our requests or commands, as there is a difference between saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Could you give me that thing\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Give me that thing\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As always, the irregular form are a bit special.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Imperative\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to do\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しろ[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Do!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[く,くる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to come\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[こ,くる]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Come!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]け\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Go!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"太[ふと,ふとる]りたくない なら、運動[うんどう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]ろ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you don’t want to gain weight, exercise.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.266-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"早[はや,はやい]く \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">来[こ,くる]い\u003C\u002Fstrong> って 言[い,いう]った だろ！何[なに] し[,為る*する]て る[,居る*いる] ん だ よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I told you to get here fast! What are you doing?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.266-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One special case is the imperative form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in written content, which can also be \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"せよ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しろ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"次[つぎ] の 文[ぶん] を 英訳[えいやく] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">せ[,為る*する]よ\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Translate the following sentences into English.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.266-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":4405,"title":4406,"mod":4407,"grammarPoint":4408,"grammarPointTitle":4409,"grammarPointDescription":4410,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4411,"similarGrammarPoints":4412,"tags":4416,"content":4417,"dependentGrammarPoints":4418,"language":22,"similarPoints":4419,"prereqPoints":4456},20463397960208,"「な」 Tell someone to not do something",1769232647554,"Do-Not-な","[JLPT N5] 「な」 (na) | Tell Someone to Not Do X | Japanese Grammar","な after a verb can be used to strongly say “don’t” in casual speech, often by men. Adding よ can soften the tone slightly.",[],[4413,4414,4415],20463397960210,20463397960304,20463397960309,[23,17,3561],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「な」 Tell someone to not do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Don't do X\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Adding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the end of a sentence is another way to express a negative imperative, meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"don't do\"\n }), \". This is mainly used by male speakers in informal and emotional settings, as it is quite strong.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"傷口[きずぐち] に 触[さわ,さわる]る \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">な\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。黴菌[ばいきん] が 入[はい,はいる]る 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don’t touch the wound. Germs will get in.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.267-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 線[せん] より 先[さき] は 俺[おれ] の 場所[ばしょ] だ ！絶対[ぜったい] に 入[はい,はいる]る \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">な\u003C\u002Fstrong> ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Anything beyond this line is my place! Don't ever come in (here)!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.267-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To soften the imperative a bit, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be added after the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"な\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"誰[だれ] に も 言[い,いう]う \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">な\u003C\u002Fstrong> よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don't tell anyone.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.267-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + な\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"話[はな,はなす]す な\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[4420,4431,4444],{"id":4413,"title":4421,"mod":4422,"grammarPoint":4423,"grammarPointTitle":4424,"grammarPointDescription":4425,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4426,"similarGrammarPoints":4427,"tags":4428,"content":4429,"dependentGrammarPoints":4430,"language":22},"「ないで」(2) \"Don't do X\"",1769232647555,"ないで-2","[JLPT N4] 「ないで」 (naide) | \"Don't Do X\" | Japanese Grammar","Use ～ないで to tell someone not to do something. Just attach で to a verb’s negative form to give a clear and direct “don’t” command.",[],[],[52,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ないで」(2) \\\"Don't do X\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Make negative commands\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～ないで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used as an imperative to mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"don’t do X\"\n }), \". It’s quite easy to form, as you simply need to attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the negative form of a verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ないで\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: 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want to receive that you don’t do it)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"However, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もらいたい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is usually used when someone is really angry or doesn’t care if they get into a fight with the other person. In everyday life, it’s not often heard.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":4414,"title":4432,"mod":4433,"grammarPoint":4434,"grammarPointTitle":4435,"grammarPointDescription":4436,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4437,"similarGrammarPoints":4438,"tags":4441,"content":4442,"dependentGrammarPoints":4443,"language":22},"「ください」Make polite requests",1769249553847,"kudasai-make-polite-request","[JLPT N5] 「ください」 (kudasai) | Make Polite Requests | Japanese Grammar","Learn how to make polite requests in Japanese using ください, from asking for items to requesting actions or asking someone not to do something.",[],[4439,4440],20463397960298,20463397960321,[27,21,1898],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ください」Make polite requests\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Please\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The most basic way to make a polite request in Japanese is to use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ください\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is the imperative form of the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くださる[,くださる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to give\"\n }), \". It serves as the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"敬語[けいご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"honorific language\"\n }), \" equivalent of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くれる[,くれる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Like all the giving and receiving verbs, there are two ways to use it.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To request someone to give you something, simply attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を ください[,くださる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the noun of the object you want to receive.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ビール を ください\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please give me (the\u002Fa) beer\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] 用[よう] の フォーク を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ください\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please give me a fork for a child.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.363-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you want to make your request more polite, you can use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くださいません か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ください\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"もう 一度[いちど] 説明[せつめい] し[,為る*する]て \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">くださいません か\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Could you explain it one more time?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.363-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another way to use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ください\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is in combination with the て-form of a verb. Simply attach it to the verb to ask for favors, make recommendations, or instruct someone.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"書[か,かく]いて ください\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please write (for me)\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ここ に 名前[なまえ] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">書[か,かく]いて ください\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please write your name here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.363-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you want to ask someone not to do something, simply attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ください[くださる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ないで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"-form of a verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べないで ください\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please don't eat (something)\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"図書館[としょかん] で は 食[た,たべる]べないで \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ください\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please don’t eat in the library.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.363-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + ください\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べて ください\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Negative + でください\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べないで ください\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + をください\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"水[みず] を ください\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":4415,"title":4445,"mod":4446,"grammarPoint":4447,"grammarPointTitle":4448,"grammarPointDescription":4449,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4450,"similarGrammarPoints":4451,"tags":4453,"content":4454,"dependentGrammarPoints":4455,"language":22},"「なさい」Make a polite command",1769249799653,"nasai-make-polite-command","[JLPT N4] 「なさい」 (nasai) | Make a Polite Command | Japanese Grammar","ChatGPT said:\nUse Verb stem + なさい to give polite commands—typically used by superiors like parents or teachers. Not for use when speaking to superiors.",[],[2485,2486,2487,4452],20463397960209,[52,21,53,96],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「なさい」Make a polite command\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be seen as a polite imperative, which is a politer way to give a command.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One important thing to note is that, even though \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" comes from the honorific verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" should never be used toward a superior. At the end of the day, it’s still a command. It’s generally used when speaking to peers, people of lower status, or children.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"And again, the formation is easy as we can just use the stem of a verb and attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"読[よ,よむ]む　→　読[よ,よむ]みなさい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To read → Read!\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる　→　食[た,たべる]べなさい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To eat → Eat!\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"する[,為る*する]　→　し[,為る*する]なさい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To do → Do!\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"宿題[しゅくだい] の プリント を よ[,良い*いい]く \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">読[よ,よむ]みなさい\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Read the homework handout carefully.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.368-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"冷[さ,さめる]めない うち に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べなさい\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Eat it before it gets cold.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.368-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"早[はや,はやい]く 宿題[しゅくだい] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]なさい\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Do your homework quickly.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.368-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Stem + なさい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"消[け,けす]しなさい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":4452,"title":4458,"mod":4422,"grammarPoint":4459,"grammarPointTitle":4460,"grammarPointDescription":4461,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4462,"similarGrammarPoints":4463,"tags":4464,"content":4465,"dependentGrammarPoints":4466,"language":22,"similarPoints":4467,"prereqPoints":4468},"Make Commands With て-form Verbs","imperative-level-1","[JLPT N4] | Make Commands With Te-form Verbs | Japanese Grammar","Use the て-form as a softer, more polite way to give commands—like telling someone to buy something or go play—by implying \"please\" without saying it.",[],[],[17,1034],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Make Commands With て-form Verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"A softer \u002F more polite imperative form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The て-form can also be used as an imperative to give someone a command. Compared to the usual imperative form, the て-form sounds a bit softer and more polite.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"それ、絶対[ぜったい] おいしい やつ だ から \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">買[か,かう]って\u003C\u002Fstrong>！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That's definitely going to be tasty! (So) buy it (for me)!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.268-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"もう ゲーム は お仕舞[おしま]い 。外[そと] で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">遊[あそ,あそぶ]んで\u003C\u002Fstrong>！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Games are over for now. Go play outside!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.268-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There is an implied \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ください\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" after the verb, which is simply dropped, but we will talk more about that later.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":4413,"title":4421,"mod":4422,"grammarPoint":4423,"grammarPointTitle":4424,"grammarPointDescription":4425,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4426,"similarGrammarPoints":4427,"tags":4470,"content":4429,"dependentGrammarPoints":4430,"language":22,"similarPoints":4471,"prereqPoints":4472},[1034,17],[],[],{"id":4474,"title":4475,"mod":4476,"grammarPoint":4477,"grammarPointTitle":4478,"grammarPointDescription":4479,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4480,"similarGrammarPoints":4481,"tags":4482,"content":4483,"dependentGrammarPoints":4484,"language":22,"similarPoints":4485,"prereqPoints":4490},20463397960211,"「くれ」”Give\" in imperative form",1769238770365,"kure-imperative-form","[JLPT N5] 「くれ」 (kure) | \"Do X For Me\" | Japanese Grammar","くれ is the imperative form of the verb くれる and can be used to give a command to someone.",[2205],[2189,2233],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「くれ」”Give\\\" in imperative form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Command people to do something (for you)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くれる[,くれる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to give\"\n }), \" has an imperative form just like any other verb as well.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"But, this verb is a bit of a special case when it comes to the imperative form. While in most cases it acts like a ru-verb, this is not the case for its imperative form. Instead of turning the る into ろ, the る simply gets dropped altogether.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"くれる[,くれる]　→　くれ[,くれる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To give → Give!\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ちょっと こっち に 来[き,くる]て \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">くれ[,くれる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Come here for a second.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.270-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"コーヒー を 飲[の,のむ]む から 、熱[あつ,あつい]い 湯[ゆ] を 持[も,もつ]って き[,くる]て \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">くれ[,くれる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I)'m going to drink coffee, so bring (me) hot water.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.270-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"少[すこ]し 黙[だま,だまる]ってて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">くれ[,くれる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> ！わがまま[] な 子[こ] は 嫌[きら]い だ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Be quiet for a bit! (I) hate selfish children!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.270-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[4486,4488],{"id":2189,"title":2190,"mod":2191,"grammarPoint":2192,"grammarPointTitle":2193,"grammarPointDescription":2194,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2195,"similarGrammarPoints":2196,"tags":4487,"content":2198,"dependentGrammarPoints":2199,"language":22},[52,21,1898],{"id":2233,"title":2234,"mod":2235,"grammarPoint":2236,"grammarPointTitle":2237,"grammarPointDescription":2238,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2239,"similarGrammarPoints":2240,"tags":4489,"content":2242,"dependentGrammarPoints":2243,"language":22},[27,21,1898],[4491],{"id":2205,"title":2206,"mod":2207,"grammarPoint":2208,"grammarPointTitle":2209,"grammarPointDescription":2210,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2211,"similarGrammarPoints":2212,"tags":4492,"content":2214,"dependentGrammarPoints":2215,"language":22},[52,21,1898],{"id":4494,"title":4495,"mod":4496,"grammarPoint":4497,"grammarPointTitle":4498,"grammarPointDescription":4499,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4500,"similarGrammarPoints":4501,"tags":4502,"content":4503,"dependentGrammarPoints":4504,"language":22,"similarPoints":4505,"prereqPoints":4506},20463397960212,"The numbers 100–9,999",1769232268574,"Numbers-100-9999","[JLPT N5] | The Numbers 100–9,999 | Japanese Grammar","Learn how to form Japanese numbers from 100 to 9,999, including key pronunciation exceptions and when to use 一千 instead of 千 for clarity or emphasis.",[3198,3217],[],[23,17,3207],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiList, UiListItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The numbers 100–9,999\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's take a look at how the numbers from 100 to 9,999 are formed in Japanese.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Fortunately, unlike the base numbers, there are no variations in pronunciation, so that's good. The formation is also relatively straightforward.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kanji\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Reading\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"100\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"百[ひゃく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ひゃく\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"101\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"百一[ひゃくいち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ひゃくいち\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"110\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"百十[ひゃくじゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ひゃくじゅう\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"199\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"百九十九[ひゃくきゅうじゅうきゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ひゃくきゅうじゅうきゅう\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So far, so good. All you have to do is add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"百[ひゃく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" before the desired number.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"There are a few exceptions to this rule, though.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kanji\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Reading\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"300\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"三百[さんびゃく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"さんびゃく\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"600\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"六百[ろっぴゃく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ろっぴゃく\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"800\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"八百[はっぴゃく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"はっぴゃく\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Next up are numbers in the thousands and beyond.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kanji\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Reading\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"1,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"千[せん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"せん\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"1,021\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"千二十一[せんにじゅういち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"せんにじゅういち\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"1,356\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"千三百五十六[せんさんびゃくごじゅうろく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"せんさんびゃくごじゅうろく\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Once again, the pattern is simple: stack the numbers to create a bigger one. The outliers in pronunciation for thousand and beyond are as follows:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kanji\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Reading\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"1,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一千[いっせん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"いっせん\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"3,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"三千[さんぜん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"さんぜん\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"8,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"八千[はっせん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"はっせん\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You may be wondering what the difference is between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"千[!せん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一千[!いっせん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", since they both mean 1,000.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The difference between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"千[せん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一千[いっせん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" mainly comes down to \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"clarity, emphasis, and context\"\n }), \" rather than meaning. Here’s how they are used:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Common Usage: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"千[せん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Standard and natural\"\n }), \" in everyday speech and writing.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Used in most situations where \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"1,000\"\n }), \" is mentioned.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Example: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"千円[!せんえん,円*えん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the normal way to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"1,000 yen\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Emphasized or Distinctive Usage: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一千[いっせん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Used for clarity\"\n }), \" when distinguishing from other numbers.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Often appears in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"formal, technical, or financial\"\n }), \" contexts.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Used in situations where \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"clear enunciation is needed to prevent confusion\"\n }), \", such as in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"abacus counting\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"算盤[!そろばん] 読[!よ]み\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") or \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"contracts\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Example: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一千万円[!いっせんまんえん,円*えん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"10 million yen\"\n }), \" is sometimes used instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"千万円[!せんまんえん,円*えん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to avoid mishearing it as a different amount.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3230,3246],{"id":4508,"title":4509,"mod":4510,"grammarPoint":4511,"grammarPointTitle":4512,"grammarPointDescription":4513,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4514,"similarGrammarPoints":4515,"tags":4516,"content":4517,"dependentGrammarPoints":4518,"language":22,"similarPoints":4519,"prereqPoints":4520},20463397960213,"Listing dates in Japanese",1769232315098,"Dates","[JLPT N5] | Listing Dates in Japanese | Japanese Grammar","Learn how to say dates in Japanese using the correct order: year → month → day, with examples for speaking naturally and clearly.",[3233,3323,4494],[],[23,17,3207],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Listing dates in Japanese\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To express a date, we need to combine the day, the month, and the year.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To express the year, you just take the number and add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"年[ねん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"２０２２年[にせんにじゅうにねん,年*せん]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Two thousand and twenty-two\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If we want to express today’s date, we also need to include the month, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"８月[はちがつ,月*がつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"August\"\n }), \", as well as the day, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"６日[むいか,日*か]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"6th\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">２０２２年[にせんにじゅうにねん,年*せん]、８月[はちがつ,月*がつ]、６日[むいか,日*か]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Today is August 6th, 2022.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.272-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here you can see another specialty, and that is that the order is reversed as compared to what you would find in Europe, for example. First the year, followed by the month, and the day.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Year → Month → Day\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">3月[さんがつ,月*がつ] ３日[みっか,日*か]\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 、おじ が アメリカ に 来[く,くる]る 予定[よてい] だ ！楽[たの,たのしい]しみ だ な ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) uncle plans to come to the US on March 3! (I'm) looking forward to it!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.272-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">1945年[せんきゅうひゃくよんじゅうごねん,年*ねん] 、9月[くがつ,月*がつ] 2日[ふつか,日*か]\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 戦争[せんそう] が 終[お,おわる]わった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"On September 2nd, 1945, the war ended.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.272-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[4521,3331,4523],{"id":3233,"title":3234,"mod":3235,"grammarPoint":3236,"grammarPointTitle":3237,"grammarPointDescription":3238,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3239,"similarGrammarPoints":3240,"tags":4522,"content":3242,"dependentGrammarPoints":3243,"language":22},[27,21,3211],{"id":4494,"title":4495,"mod":4496,"grammarPoint":4497,"grammarPointTitle":4498,"grammarPointDescription":4499,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4500,"similarGrammarPoints":4501,"tags":4524,"content":4503,"dependentGrammarPoints":4504,"language":22},[27,21,3211],{"id":4526,"title":4527,"mod":4528,"grammarPoint":4529,"grammarPointTitle":4530,"grammarPointDescription":4531,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4532,"similarGrammarPoints":4533,"tags":4535,"content":4536,"dependentGrammarPoints":4537,"language":22,"similarPoints":4538,"prereqPoints":4550},20463397960214,"The numbers 10,000–99,999,999",1769232335870,"Numbers-10000-99999999","[JLPT N5] | The Numbers 10,000–99,999,999 | Japanese Grammar","How to read, write, and pronounce large Japanese numbers using kanji, and when to use Arabic numerals instead for clarity and practicality.",[3198,3217,4494],[3198,3217,4494,4534],20463397960215,[23,17,3207],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The numbers 10,000–99,999,999\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Once you hit 9,999, the next step is ten thousand. However, the answer is \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"not\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"十千[!じゅうせん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kanji\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Reading\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"10,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一万[いちまん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"いちまん\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"10,100\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"一万百[いちまんひゃく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"いちまんひゃく\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"33,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"三万三千[さんまんさんぜん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"さんまんさんぜん\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"91,900\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"九万千九百[きゅうまんせんきゅうひゃく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"きゅうまんせんきゅうひゃく\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"There are no big surprises or special readings here, but it does get awfully long. You can see why, in most cases, Arabic numerals are used in Japanese writing.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"But what if we want to go higher? Well, here we go.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kanji\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Reading\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"100,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"十万[じゅうまん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"じゅうまん\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"111,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"十一万千[じゅういちまんせん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"じゅういちまんせん\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"424,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"四十二万四千[よんじゅうにまんよんせん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"よんじゅうにまんよんせん\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are no new counters introduced, and everything before \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"万[まん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" modifies it to make the number bigger. Let’s do the last two levels at once because there are no changes; we just keep stacking numbers.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kanji\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Reading\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"1,000,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"百万[ひゃくまん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ひゃくまん\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"2,340,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"二百三十四万[にひゃくさんじゅうよんまん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"にひゃくさんじゅうよんまん\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"10,000,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"千万[せんまん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"せんまん\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"56,000,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"五千六百万[ごせんろっぴゃくまん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ごせんろっぴゃくまん\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It can get rather complicated, but don’t worry, it’s not like this is something you will need that much. This is just so you have heard the concept before.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Although all numbers in Japanese can be written in kanji, they are rarely used that way in practice. Instead, larger numbers are typically written using a mix of Arabic numerals and kanji. In fact, this convention is common even for much smaller numbers than the ones we've introduced so far.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Up until now, we've written all numbers in kanji to give you practice reading them. However, since writing everything in kanji can be cumbersome to read, we'll now switch to the more practical and widely used combination of Arabic numerals and kanji, the way you'll typically see numbers written in real-world Japanese.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"If you're curious about how and when to use Arabic numerals or kanji, read the advanced section of this lesson.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here's a small tip for pronouncing large numbers: as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"万[まん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" stands for 10,000, you can make your life a bit easier when trying to pronounce it. Let’s say you have the following number:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"23,649,758\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Mentally remove the last four digits and pronounce what's left.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"二千三百六十四[にせんさんびゃくろくじゅうよん]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"2.364\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now just say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"万[まん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and pronounce the last numbers as well.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n 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\"文化庁[ぶんかちょう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") publishes guidelines for writers on how to write numbers in text.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"First, let’s cover how big numbers are usually written. There are other cases where you must choose between Arabic numerals and kanji, so I will provide a high-level summary afterward.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The general rules for big numbers are:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For numbers up to 1,000, Arabic numerals are used.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Ten thousand (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"万[!まん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"), one hundred million (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"億[!おく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"), and one trillion (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"兆[!ちょう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") are written in kanji.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Large numbers are separated by commas every three digits.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ジャケット が 2,500円[にせんえん,円*せん]、靴[くつ] が 1,000円[せんえん,円*せん] で 売[う,うる]れる と の 見積[みつ]もり が 出[で,でる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"An estimate was given that the jacket could be sold for 2,500 yen and the shoes for 1,000 yen.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本[にほん] の 人口[じんこう] は 1億[いちおく,億*おく] 2,330万[にせんさんびゃくさんじゅうまん,万*まん] 人[にん] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Japan's population is 123.3 million people.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another general rule is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"千[せん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" should only be used for rounded numbers. Therefore, writing \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"2万[にまん,万*まん] 5000[ごせん] 人[にん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"2万[にまん,万*まん] 5千[ごせん,千*せん] 人[にん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is correct. However, in the second example above, this substitution is not possible.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Besides big numbers, there are other situations where you must choose between Arabic numerals and kanji. Let’s look at the cases where Arabic numerals should be used and where kanji numerals are appropriate.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"When to Use Arabic Numerals\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"■\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Expressing an amount\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 水泳[!すいえい] の 授業[じゅぎょう] で 25m[にじゅうごめーとる] の タイム を 計[はか,はかる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Today, in swimming class, we measured the time for 25 meters.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: 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_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Proverbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"七[!なな] 転[!ころ,ころぶ]び 八[!や] 起[!お,おきる]き\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"falling seven times, getting up eight​\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"百聞[!ひゃくぶん] は 一見[!いっけん] に 如[!し]かず\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"one eye-witness is better than many hearsays\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Idiomatic expressions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, 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{\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"●\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"When Representing Proper Nouns or Place Names\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Proper nouns\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"赤十字社[!せきじゅうじしゃ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Red Cross\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"三田[!みた] 佳子[!よしこ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yoshiko Mita (actress)\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"八幡平[!はちまんたいら]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Hachimantaira (place\u002Fmountain)\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Place names\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"九州[!きゅうしゅう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Kyushu​ (Island of Japan)\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"八王子[!はちおうじ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Hachiōji (city)\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"八戸市[!はちのへし]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Hachinohe (city)\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[3230,3246,4523,4539],{"id":4534,"title":4540,"mod":4541,"grammarPoint":4542,"grammarPointTitle":4543,"grammarPointDescription":4544,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4545,"similarGrammarPoints":4546,"tags":4547,"content":4548,"dependentGrammarPoints":4549,"language":22},"Numbers bigger than 100 million",1769232351857,"Even-Bigger-Numbers","[JLPT N5] | Numbers Bigger Than 100,000,000 | Japanese Grammar","Learn how Japanese expresses massive numbers using kanji like 億, 兆, and beyond—with fun facts and real-world examples from news and culture.\n",[4526],[3198,3217,4494,4526],[27,21,3211],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n 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But don't worry, we're not going to delve into specific, individual numbers of this size. Let me just quickly mention the basics of what happens after you reach 99,999,999.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are three more counters we will talk about: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"億[!おく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"hundred million\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"兆[!ちょう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"trillion\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"京[!けい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"ten quadrillion\"\n }), \". Out of the three, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"億[おく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the most useful, as it's a word you'll hear from time to time when listening to Japanese news. Government spending and similar topics can reach numbers like this.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kanji\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"100.000.000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n 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stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here are the most important large numbers:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"百[ひゃく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"hundred\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"千[せん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"thousand\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"万[まん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"ten thousand\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"億[おく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"hundred million\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"兆[ちょう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"trillion\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"京[けい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"ten quadrillion\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"But that's not all, kanji can represent many more numbers. If you're not a math enthusiast or fascinated by enormous figures, you'll likely never come across these. But just for fun, here are a few more:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kanji\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number in Words\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"垓[!がい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"10²⁰\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"one hundred quintillion\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"穣[!じょう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"10²⁸\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ten octillion\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"溝[!こう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"10³²\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"one hundred nonillion\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"澗[!かん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"10³⁶\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"one undecillion\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"正[!せい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"10⁴⁰\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ten duodecillion\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"載[!さい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"10⁴⁴\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"one hundred tredecillion\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"極[!ごく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"10⁴⁸\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"one quindecillion\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Beyond this point, numbers are no longer represented by a single kanji character but instead by unique words. These words also often have additional meanings, beside simply expressing a number.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kanji\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number in Words\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Additional Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"恒河沙[!ごうがしゃ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"10⁵⁶\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"one hundred septendecillion\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"innumerable\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"阿僧祇[!あそうぎ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"10⁶⁴\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ten vigintillion\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"a number so great it can never be counted to\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"那由他[!なゆた]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"10⁷²\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"one trevigintillion\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"an extremely great number\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"不可思議[!ふかしぎ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"10⁸⁰\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"one hundred quinvigintillion\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"something inexplicable\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"無量大数[!むりょうたいすう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"10⁸⁸\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ten octovigintillion\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As a side note, the numerical notation we used in the \\\"Number\\\" column can also be expressed in Japanese. In Japanese, the expression \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"10[じゅう] の 何乗[なんじょう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" indicates how many zeros follow the \\\"1\\\". For example, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"無量大数[!むりょうたいすう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is written as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"10[じゅう] の 88乗[はちじゅうはちじょう,乗*じょう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"—a 1 followed by 88 zeros.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[3230,3246,4523],{"id":4534,"title":4540,"mod":4541,"grammarPoint":4542,"grammarPointTitle":4543,"grammarPointDescription":4544,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4545,"similarGrammarPoints":4546,"tags":4552,"content":4548,"dependentGrammarPoints":4549,"language":22,"similarPoints":4553,"prereqPoints":4556},[23,17,3207],[3230,3246,4523,4554],{"id":4526,"title":4527,"mod":4528,"grammarPoint":4529,"grammarPointTitle":4530,"grammarPointDescription":4531,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4532,"similarGrammarPoints":4533,"tags":4555,"content":4536,"dependentGrammarPoints":4537,"language":22},[27,21,3211],[4554],{"id":2644,"title":4558,"mod":4559,"grammarPoint":4560,"grammarPointTitle":4561,"grammarPointDescription":4562,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4563,"similarGrammarPoints":4564,"tags":4565,"content":4566,"dependentGrammarPoints":4567,"language":22,"similarPoints":4568,"prereqPoints":4569},"The volitional form of う verbs ",1769232433850,"verb-volitional-u","[JLPT N4] | U Verbs, Volitional Form | Japanese Grammar","Use the volitional form to show intent or suggest doing something together—like saying “let’s” or “shall we?”",[],[],[17,468,1034],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The volitional form of う verbs \"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Setting out to do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The volitional form can be used to express \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"shall we?\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"let's\"\n }), \" in English. It indicates that the speaker has the intention or will to do something. This can also be expressed in Japanese.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To create the volitional form with u-verbs, the last vowel sound has to be changed from \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" to \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"o\"\n }), \", and then う is added at the end.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kana Shift\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Potential\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"take out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"す \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"su\"\n }), \" → そ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"so\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]そう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Let's take out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"write\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"く \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ku\"\n }), \" → こ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ko\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]こう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Let's write\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]ぐ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"swim\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぐ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"gu\"\n }), \" → ご \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"go\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]ごう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Let's swim\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"read\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"む \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"mu\"\n }), \" → も \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"mo\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]もう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Let's read\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]ぬ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"die\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぬ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"nu\"\n }), \" → の \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"no\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]のう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Let's die\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]ぶ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"fly\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぶ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"bu\"\n }), \" → ぼ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"bo\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]ぼう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Let's fly\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"切[き,きる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"cut\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"る \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ru\"\n }), \" → ろ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ro\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"切[き,きる]ろう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Let's cut\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]つ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"stand\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"つ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"tu\"\n }), \" → と \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"to\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]とう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Let's stand\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"buy\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"う \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" → お \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"o\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]おう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Let's buy\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"新[あたら,あたらしい]しい 靴[くつ] を 試[ため,ためす]したい から、近[ちか,ちかい]く の 山[やま] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">登[のぼ,のぼる]ろう\u003C\u002Fstrong>！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to try my new shoes, so let’s climb a nearby mountain!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.275-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"可愛[かわい,かわいい]い 我[わ]が 子[こ] の 為[ため] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">働[はたら,はたらく]こう\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's work for (our) cute child.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.275-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"次[つぎ] の 授業[じゅぎょう] まで に、この 資料[しりょう] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">読[よ,よむ]もう\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let’s read these materials by the next class.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.275-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Given that this refers to setting out to do something (in the future), there is no past form for this conjugation.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-o-Stem + う\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"飛[と,とぶ]ぼう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":2645,"title":4571,"mod":4572,"grammarPoint":4573,"grammarPointTitle":4574,"grammarPointDescription":4562,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4575,"similarGrammarPoints":4576,"tags":4577,"content":4578,"dependentGrammarPoints":4579,"language":22,"similarPoints":4580,"prereqPoints":4581},"The volitional form of る verbs",1769232463700,"verb-volitional-ru","[JLPT N4] | Ru Verbs, Volitional Form | Japanese Grammar",[],[],[1034,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The volitional form of る verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Setting out to do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The volitional form can be used to express \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"shall we?\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"let's\"\n }), \" in English. It indicates that the speaker has the intention or will to do something. This can also be expressed in Japanese.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To create the volitional form with ru-verbs, simply remove the る and add よう.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Volitional\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]よう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"let's go out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べよう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"let's eat\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"よし ！明日[あした] は 息子[むすこ] の 誕生日[たんじょうび] だ から 、新[あたら,あたらしい]しい 車[くるま] を 息子[むすこ] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">与[あた,あたえる]えよう\u003C\u002Fstrong> ！絶対[ぜったい] 、喜[よろこ,よろこぶ]ぶ はず だ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"OK! Tomorrow is (my) son's birthday, so (I'll) give him a new car! (He'll) be happy for sure!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.276-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"もう 寒[さむ,さむい]い から、コート を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">着[き,きる]よう\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It’s already cold, so let’s put on a coat.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.276-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Given that this refers to setting out to do something (in the future), there is no past form for this conjugation.\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":2646,"title":4583,"mod":4584,"grammarPoint":4585,"grammarPointTitle":4586,"grammarPointDescription":4562,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4587,"similarGrammarPoints":4588,"tags":4589,"content":4590,"dependentGrammarPoints":4591,"language":22,"similarPoints":4592,"prereqPoints":4593},"The volitional form of irregular verbs",1769232546455,"verb-volitional-irregular","[JLPT N4] | Irregular Verbs, Volitional Form | Japanese Grammar",[],[],[1034,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The volitional form of irregular verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Setting out to do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The volitional form can be used to express \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"shall we?\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"let's\"\n }), \" in English. It indicates that the speaker has the intention or will to do something. This can also be expressed in Japanese.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As always, irregular verbs are a bit special and you just have to memorize them.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary From\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Volitional\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to do\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しよ[,為る*する]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"let's do\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[く,くる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to come\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[こ,くる]よう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"let's come\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]こう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"let's go\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この アプリ の 設定[せってい] を 変[か,かえる]えて、使[つか,つかう]い やす[,易い*やすい]く なる[,成る*なる] か 実験[じっけん] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]よう\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let’s experiment by changing the app settings and see if it becomes easier to use.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.277-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：こんな 所[ところ] に コーヒー 屋[や]さん が あっ[,ある]た ん だ ね ？今度[こんど] どう ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：早速[さっそく] 、明日[あした] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">こよ[,くる]う\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: (To think that) there was a coffee shop in a place like this? How about (we try it) next time? \u003Cbr> B: Let's not delay and come tomorrow!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.277-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Given that this refers to setting out to do something (in the future), there is no past form for this conjugation.\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":4595,"title":4596,"mod":4597,"grammarPoint":4598,"grammarPointTitle":4599,"grammarPointDescription":4600,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4601,"similarGrammarPoints":4602,"tags":4603,"content":4604,"dependentGrammarPoints":4605,"language":22,"similarPoints":4606,"prereqPoints":4607},20463397960219,"The causative form of う verbs",1769232558564,"verb-causative-u","[JLPT N4] | U-verbs, Causative Form | Japanese Grammar","Make or let someone do something using the causative form; learn key conjugations, particle rules, and how context determines permission or compulsion.",[],[],[1034,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The causative form of う verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Make or let someone do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One of the more complicated verb-form to understand is the so called causative form. It is more complicated because it has two possible meanings: it can mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to let someone do something\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to make someone do something\"\n }), \". But before we dive deeper, let's first look at the conjugation.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For u-verbs, change the last vowel sound from \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" to \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"a\"\n }), \" and add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"せる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kana Shift\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Causative\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"take out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"す \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"su\"\n }), \" → さ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"sa\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]させる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"make\u002Flet someone take out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"write\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"く \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ku\"\n }), \" → か \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ka\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]かせる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"make\u002Flet someone write\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]ぐ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"swim\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぐ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"gu\"\n }), \" → が \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ga\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]がせる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"make\u002Flet someone swim\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"read\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"む \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"mu\"\n }), \" → ま \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ma\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]ませる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"make\u002Flet someone read\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]ぬ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"die\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぬ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"nu\"\n }), \" → な \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"na*\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]なせる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"make\u002Flet someone die\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]ぶ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"fly\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぶ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"bu\"\n }), \" → ば \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ba\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]ばせる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"make\u002Flet someone fly\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"return\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"る \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ru\"\n }), \" → ら \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ra\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]らせる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"make\u002Flet someone return\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]つ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"stand\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"つ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"tu\"\n }), \" → た \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ta\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]たせる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"make\u002Flet someone stand\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"buy\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"う \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" → わ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"wa\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]わせる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"make\u002Flet someone buy\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The conjugated verb itself then conjugates as a ru-verb. So if you want to change \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]させる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the past or negative form, just replace \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"た\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When a sentence contains a verb that ends in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"せる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for u-verbs or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"させる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for ru-verbs, the person that is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"always\"\n }), \" the instigator or causer that brings about the action of someone\u002Fsomething else.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the following sentence, there can be no confusion as to who the instigator is; \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"私[わたし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and as such, is unambiguously the instigator of the action. Without more context, we simply don’t know who is the one that is made to do or allowed to do something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] が 書[か,かく]かせた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I made (someone) write.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The only thing that can be confusing about sentences with the causative form is that the person that is made to do something is sometimes marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The general rules for particle usage are as follows:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The causer is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The receiver is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": 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stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003ClinearGradient id=\\\"Diamond_svg__g\\\" x1=\\\"52.269\\\" x2=\\\"80.492\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF0\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".583\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here is a summary of the important points you have to remember with the causative form. You can find the long version further down below.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"upper-latin\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The causer is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Self-moving verb\"\n }), \": The receiver is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (forced to) or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (allowed to\u002Flet).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Other-moving verb\"\n }), \": The receiver is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The usage of giving or receiving verbs makes it clear that the meaning is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"allowed to\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"let\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"With verbs that express emotion, the receiver is always marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's start with general particle usage.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The causer is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the main verb is a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"self-moving verb\"\n }), \", the receiver is marked by either \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". In simple terms, you can remember that when the receiver is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", think permission, but for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", think compulsion. However, this is by no means a hard and fast rule!\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 息子[むすこ] に パーティー へ 行[い,いく]かせた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I let my son go to the party.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 息子[むすこ] を パーティー へ 行[い,いく]かせた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I made my son go to the party.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Technically speaking, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is ambiguous as to whether someone was made to or allowed to do something, but in most cases, context will clarify.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the main verb is an \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"other-moving verb\"\n }), \", the receiver can only be marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Here it's much more ambiguous whether the receiver was made to or allowed to do something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] に コーヒー を 飲[の,のむ]ませた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(Someone) made\u002Flet me drink coffee.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お父さん[おとうさん] は 私[わたし] に 宿題[しゅくだい] を させ[,させる]ました 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My father made me do my homework.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As already mentioned, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"context is king\"\n }), \". In the second example, it could be that the father made or let me do homework. But under normal circumstances, that would be rather strange as most people are not keen on doing homework, so \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"made\"\n }), \" is the much more likely interpretation.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"One thing that makes it immediately clear that the receiver was allowed to do something is if one of the giving and receiving verbs is used.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] に コーヒー を 飲[の,のむ]ませて くれ[,くれる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(Someone) let me drink coffee.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"宿題[しゅくだい] が 終[お,おわる]わる まで は ゲーム を やら[,やる]せて あげ[,あげる]ない よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Until homework is finished, I won’t let you play video games.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" also has to be used with verbs that express feelings, like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"困る[!こまる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be troubled\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"驚く[!おどろく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be surprised\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泣く[!なく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to cry\"\n }), \". This is because emotions are involuntary actions, so people have no choice but to feel a certain way, which is shown through the usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"僕[ぼく] は 花子[!はなこ] を 泣[な,なく]かせた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I made Hanako cry.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":4609,"title":4610,"mod":4611,"grammarPoint":4612,"grammarPointTitle":4613,"grammarPointDescription":4600,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4614,"similarGrammarPoints":4615,"tags":4616,"content":4617,"dependentGrammarPoints":4618,"language":22,"similarPoints":4619,"prereqPoints":4620},20463397960220,"The causative form of る verbs",1769232714376,"verb-causative-ru","[JLPT N4] | Ru-verbs, Causative Form | Japanese Grammar",[],[],[1034,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The causative form of る verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Make or let someone do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One of the more complicated verb-form to understand is the so called causative form. It is more complicated because it has two possible meanings: it can mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to let someone do something\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to make someone do something\"\n }), \". But before we dive deeper, let's first look at the conjugation.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For a ru-verb, simply remove る and add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"さ[,為る*する]せる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary From\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Causative\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]させる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"make someone go out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べさせる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"make someone eat\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 私[わたし] に 古[ふる,ふるい]い 雑誌[ざっし] を 全部[ぜんぶ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">捨[す,すてる]てさせた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He made me throw away all the old magazines.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.279-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"寒[さむ,さむい]い から、赤[あか]ちゃん に もう 一枚[いちまい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">着[き,きる]させよう\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It’s cold, so let’s have the baby put on one more layer.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.279-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The general rules for particle usage are as follows:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n 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You can find the long version further down below.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"upper-latin\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The causer is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Self-moving verb\"\n }), \": The receiver is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (forced to) or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (allowed to\u002Flet).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Other-moving verb\"\n }), \": The receiver is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The usage of giving or receiving verbs makes it clear that the meaning is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"allowed to\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"let\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"With verbs that express emotion, the receiver is always marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's start with general particle usage.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The causer is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the main verb is a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"self-moving verb\"\n }), \", the receiver is marked by either \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". In simple terms, you can remember that when the receiver is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", think permission, but for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", think compulsion. However, this is by no means a hard and fast rule!\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 息子[むすこ] に パーティー へ 行[い,いく]かせた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I let my son go to the party.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 息子[むすこ] を パーティー へ 行[い,いく]かせた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I made my son go to the party.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Technically speaking, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is ambiguous as to whether someone was made to or allowed to do something, but in most cases, context will clarify.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the main verb is an \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"other-moving verb\"\n }), \", the receiver can only be marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Here it's much more ambiguous whether the receiver was made to or allowed to do something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] に コーヒー を 飲[の,のむ]ませた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(Someone) made\u002Flet me drink coffee.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お父さん[おとうさん] は 私[わたし] に 宿題[しゅくだい] を させ[,させる]ました 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My father made me do my homework.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As already mentioned, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"context is king\"\n }), \". In the second example, it could be that the father made or let me do homework. But under normal circumstances, that would be rather strange as most people are not keen on doing homework, so \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"made\"\n }), \" is the much more likely interpretation.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"One thing that makes it immediately clear that the receiver was allowed to do something is if one of the giving and receiving verbs is used.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] に コーヒー を 飲[の,のむ]ませて くれ[,くれる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(Someone) let me drink coffee.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"宿題[しゅくだい] が 終[お,おわる]わる まで は ゲーム を やら[,やる]せて あげ[,あげる]ない よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Until homework is finished, I won’t let you play video games.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" also has to be used with verbs that express feelings, like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"困る[!こまる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be troubled\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"驚く[!おどろく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be surprised\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泣く[!なく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to cry\"\n }), \". This is because emotions are involuntary actions, so people have no choice but to feel a certain way, which is shown through the usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"僕[ぼく] は 花子[!はなこ] を 泣[な,なく]かせた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I made Hanako cry.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":4622,"title":4623,"mod":4624,"grammarPoint":4625,"grammarPointTitle":4626,"grammarPointDescription":4600,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4627,"similarGrammarPoints":4628,"tags":4629,"content":4630,"dependentGrammarPoints":4631,"language":22,"similarPoints":4632,"prereqPoints":4633},20463397960221,"The causative form of irregular verbs",1769232774710,"verb-causative-irregular","[JLPT N4] | Irregular Verbs, Causative Form | Japanese Grammar",[],[],[1034,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The causative form of irregular verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Make or let someone do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One of the more complicated verb-form to understand is the so called causative form. It is more complicated because it has two possible meanings: it can mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to let someone do something\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to make someone do something\"\n }), \". But before we dive deeper, let's first look at the conjugation.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As always for the irregulars, no rules, just memorization.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Causative\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to do\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"さ[,する]せる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"make\u002Flet someone do\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[く,くる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to come\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[こ,くる]させる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"made\u002Flet someone come\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]かせる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"made\u002Flet someone go\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"娘[むすめ] が 病気[びょうき] で もう ３日間[みっかかん,三日間*みっかかん] も ご飯[ごはん] を 食[た,たべる]べて い[,いる]ない から 、無理[むり]やり 少[すこ]し 食事[しょくじ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">さ[,する]せた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) daughter hadn't eaten for three days already because (she was) sick, so (I) forcibly had (her) eat a bit.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.280-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"やっぱり 、息子[むすこ] を 連[つ,つれる]れて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">来[こ,くる]させれば\u003C\u002Fstrong> よかっ[,いい]た 。今日[きょう] おば の 誕生日[たんじょうび] だった 事[こと] を 忘[わす,わすれる]れて い[,いる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I knew (I) should have brought (my) son. (I) had forgotten that it was (his) aunt's birthday today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.280-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The general rules for particle usage are as follows:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The causer is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": 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stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here is a summary of the important points you have to remember with the causative form. You can find the long version further down below.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"upper-latin\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The causer is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Self-moving verb\"\n }), \": The receiver is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (forced to) or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (allowed to\u002Flet).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Other-moving verb\"\n }), \": The receiver is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The usage of giving or receiving verbs makes it clear that the meaning is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"allowed to\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"let\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"With verbs that express emotion, the receiver is always marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's start with general particle usage.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The causer is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the main verb is a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"self-moving verb\"\n }), \", the receiver is marked by either \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". In simple terms, you can remember that when the receiver is marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", think permission, but for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", think compulsion. However, this is by no means a hard and fast rule!\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 息子[むすこ] に パーティー へ 行[い,いく]かせた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I let my son go to the party.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 息子[むすこ] を パーティー へ 行[い,いく]かせた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I made my son go to the party.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Technically speaking, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is ambiguous as to whether someone was made to or allowed to do something, but in most cases, context will clarify.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the main verb is an \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"other-moving verb\"\n }), \", the receiver can only be marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Here it's much more ambiguous whether the receiver was made to or allowed to do something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] に コーヒー を 飲[の,のむ]ませた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(Someone) made\u002Flet me drink coffee.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お父さん[おとうさん] は 私[わたし] に 宿題[しゅくだい] を させ[,させる]ました 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My father made me do my homework.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As already mentioned, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"context is king\"\n }), \". In the second example, it could be that the father made or let me do homework. But under normal circumstances, that would be rather strange as most people are not keen on doing homework, so \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"made\"\n }), \" is the much more likely interpretation.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"One thing that makes it immediately clear that the receiver was allowed to do something is if one of the giving and receiving verbs is used.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] に コーヒー を 飲[の,のむ]ませて くれ[,くれる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(Someone) let me drink coffee.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"宿題[しゅくだい] が 終[お,おわる]わる まで は ゲーム を やら[,やる]せて あげ[,あげる]ない よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Until homework is finished, I won’t let you play video games.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" also has to be used with verbs that express feelings, like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"困る[!こまる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be troubled\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"驚く[!おどろく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be surprised\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泣く[!なく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to cry\"\n }), \". This is because emotions are involuntary actions, so people have no choice but to feel a certain way, which is shown through the usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"僕[ぼく] は 花子[!はなこ] を 泣[な,なく]かせた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I made Hanako cry.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":4635,"title":4636,"mod":4637,"grammarPoint":4638,"grammarPointTitle":4639,"grammarPointDescription":4640,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4641,"similarGrammarPoints":4642,"tags":4643,"content":4644,"dependentGrammarPoints":4645,"language":22,"similarPoints":4646,"prereqPoints":4647},20463397960222,"The receptive form of う verbs",1769232822457,"verb-receptive-u","[JLPT N4] | U-verbs, Receptive Form | Japanese Grammar","The 受身 \"ukemi\" form shows that someone receives an action. It's like saying “I was affected by…” rather than using true English passive voice. Learn how to form and use it.",[],[],[1034,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The receptive form of う verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"An action is received\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The Japanese grammar structure known as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"受身[!うけみ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"receiving body\"\n }), \" is, in many grammar books, referred to as the \\\"passive form.\\\" However, it's essential to understand that it doesn't function exactly like the passive voice in English. Thinking of it as the equivalent of the English passive voice would lead to a lot of confusion and introduce more complexities than necessary.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"受身[うけみ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" form is better understood as the \\\"receptive form\\\" rather than a true passive construction. The crucial distinction lies in recognizing that it represents the receiving of an action rather than the conventional understanding of passivity. For example, the English sentence \\\"I was hit by Hanako\\\" is a true passive construction where Hanako is the actor, and the speaker is the receiver. Translating this sentence into Japanese would look as follows:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 花子[はなこ] に 殴られた[なぐられた] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was hit by Hanako. \u003Cbr> (Literally: I received a blow from Hanako.)\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"However, in Japanese, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"受身[うけみ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is more accurately translated as \\\"I received a blow from Hanako,\\\" where the focus is on the receiver of the action. This also means that there is no change in the usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", as they still mark the doer of the action; it's just that, in a receptive sentence, that action happens to be the very reception itself. This is clear in the literal translation \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I received\"\n }), \", i.e., I did the action of receiving, even though someone else did the hitting.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To form the receptive for u-verbs, change the last \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" vowel to \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"a\"\n }), \" and add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"れる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", as shown below.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Kana Shift\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Receptive\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"take out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"す \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"su\"\n }), \" → さ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"sa\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]される\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be taken out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"write\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"く \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ku\"\n }), \" → か \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ka\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]かれる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be written\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]ぐ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"swim\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぐ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"gu\"\n }), \" → が \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ga\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]がれる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be swum\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"read\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"む \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"mu\"\n }), \" → ま \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ma\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]まれる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be read\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]ぬ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"die\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぬ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"nu\"\n }), \" → な \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"na\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]なれる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be died on\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]ぶ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"fly\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"ぶ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"bu\"\n }), \" → ば \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ba\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]ばれる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be flown\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go back\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"る \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ru\"\n }), \" → ら \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ra\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰[かえ,かえる]られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be gone back\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]つ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"stand\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"つ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"tu\"\n }), \" → た \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"ta\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"立[た,たつ]たれる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be stood\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"buy\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"う \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" → わ \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"wa\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"買[か,かう]われる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be bought\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The receptive form of u-verbs conjugates itself like a ru-verb, which means that to change it into other forms, you only have to remove the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and attach whatever auxiliary you want.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"電車[でんしゃ] の 中[なか] で スマホ を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">盗[と,とる]られて\u003C\u002Fstrong> しま[,しまう]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My phone got stolen on the train.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.281-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"兄[あに] に 鍵[かぎ] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">閉[し,しめる]められて\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、自分[じぶん] の 家[いえ] に 入[はい,はいる]れない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The door was locked by (my) brother, (I) can't get into my own house.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.281-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"家[いえ] を 留守[るす] に し[,為る*する]て いる[,居る*いる] 間[まえ] に、荷物[にもつ] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">盗[ぬす,ぬすむ]まれた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"While I was out, my belongings were stolen.\",\n audio: 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stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It's also important to note the existence of the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"indirect receptive form\"\n }), \". It expresses an event where an action by an individual or entity impacts another person.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the following example, the first sentence is a regular active sentence, while the second sentence is its indirect receptive form, showing that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"木村[!きむら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" was affected by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"田中[たなか]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"'s drinking of beer. Using the receptive in this manner implies that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"木村[!きむら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" was bothered by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"田中[!たなか]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"'s action for some reason.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] は 木村[!きむら] の ビール を 飲[の,のむ]んだ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tanaka drank Kimura’s beer.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"木村[!きむら] は 田中[!たなか] に ビール を 飲[の,のむ]まれた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Kimura was annoyed by Tanaka’s drinking beer.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It is important to mention that it does not always imply that someone is negatively affected by someone's actions. But we will talk about this a bit more once we discuss politeness in Japanese.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The last thing to mention is that in some cases, the source in a receptive sentence can be marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"によって\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". However, you should be careful when using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"によって\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", as it puts a strong focus on what's before it, which may not be intended.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"修道士[しゅうどうし] によって 建[た,たてる]てられた 教会[きょうかい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The Church built by monks.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As previously mentioned, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can mark the source of something. Thus, when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used in a receptive sentence, the entity marked must be the source of something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the following example \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"みんな\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the source of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"尊敬[そんけい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"respect\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] さん は みんな から 尊敬[そんけい] さ[,する]れて いる[,いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tanaka-san is respected by everybody.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The following as a contrast is an example where \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" cannot be used, as the entity marked isn’t the source of anything.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] の 車[くるま] は 泥棒[どろぼう] から 盗[ぬす,ぬすむ]まれた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My car was stolen by a thief.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":4649,"title":4650,"mod":4651,"grammarPoint":4652,"grammarPointTitle":4653,"grammarPointDescription":4640,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4654,"similarGrammarPoints":4655,"tags":4656,"content":4657,"dependentGrammarPoints":4658,"language":22,"similarPoints":4659,"prereqPoints":4660},20463397960223,"The receptive form of る verbs",1769232864939,"verb-receptive-ru","[JLPT N4] | Ru-verbs, Receptive Form| Japanese Grammar",[],[],[1034,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The receptive form of る verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"An action is received\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The Japanese grammar structure known as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"受身[!うけみ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"receiving body\"\n }), \" is, in many grammar books, referred to as the \\\"passive form.\\\" However, it's essential to understand that it doesn't function exactly like the passive voice in English. Thinking of it as the equivalent of the English passive voice would lead to a lot of confusion and introduce more complexities than necessary.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"受身[うけみ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" form is better understood as the \\\"receptive form\\\" rather than a true passive construction. The crucial distinction lies in recognizing that it represents the receiving of an action rather than the conventional understanding of passivity. For example, the English sentence \\\"I was hit by Hanako\\\" is a true passive construction where Hanako is the actor, and the speaker is the receiver. Translating this sentence into Japanese would look as follows:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 花子[はなこ] に 殴られた[なぐられた] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was hit by Hanako. \u003Cbr> (Literally: I received a blow from Hanako.)\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"However, in Japanese, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"受身[うけみ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is more accurately translated as \\\"I received a blow from Hanako,\\\" where the focus is on the receiver of the action. This also means that there is no change in the usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", as they still mark the doer of the action; it's just that, in a receptive sentence, that action happens to be the very reception itself. This is clear in the literal translation \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I received\"\n }), \", i.e., I did the action of receiving, even though someone else did the hitting.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For ru-verbs, just remove the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Receptive\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"can go out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べられる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"can eat\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Yes, the receptive form of ru-verbs is the same as the potential form of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"can do\"\n }), \". However, there's no need to worry, as confusion over which form is being used in a sentence is a rare occurrence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"僕[ぼく] が 持[も,もつ]って いる[,いる] リンゴ の 数[かず] を 、母[はは] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">数[かぞ,かぞえる]えられた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The number of apples I am holding, was counted by (my) mother.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.282-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"うち の 犬[いぬ] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">逃[に,にげる]げられて\u003C\u002Fstrong>、朝[あさ] から 追[お,おいかける]いかけ 回[まわ,まわす]して いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My dog ran off on me, so I’ve been chasing after it since morning.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.282-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The key point to keep in mind is that the source of the action in a receptive sentence is marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". In our initial sentence, the mother is the one who counted the apples, so the mother is the source marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". While the doer, who receives the action of counting, is not mentioned, it can be understood from context.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Pay attention to our second example, as the receptive form is only used in the first sentence, while the second sentence contains the potential form twice.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"DoerはSourceに(Objectを)Verb-Receptive\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[たなか] さん は 木村[きむら] さん に 寿司[すし] を 食[た,たべる]べられた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiMigachuToggle, {\n text: \"Advanced Content\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: 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receptive form is influenced by the usage of particles.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] さん は 寿司[すし] が 食[た,たべる]べられる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tanaka-san can eat sushi.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Since an object here is marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", this sentence can only be the potential form. If you see a sentence that uses a verb in its \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" form where \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" marks an inanimate object, in most cases, the verb will express the potential and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"not\"\n }), \" the receptive form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] さん は 木村[!きむら] さん に 寿司[すし] を 食[た,たべる]べられた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tanaka-san had (his) sushi eaten by Kimura-san.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here we have a source marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and an inanimate object marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", so this can only be the indirect receptive.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The only instance where ambiguity may arise is when there is no source marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". For instance, if we take the last example and remove any mention of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"木村[!きむら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the sentence could have multiple interpretations.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] さん は 寿司[すし] を 食[た,たべる]べられた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tanaka-san ate sushi. [Polite] \u003Cbr> Tanaka-san could eat sushi. [Potential] \u003Cbr> (Someone) ate Tanaka-san’s sushi (and he is unhappy). [Indirect receptive]\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Luckily, this is something you will rarely, if ever, encounter. 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Thinking of it as the equivalent of the English passive voice would lead to a lot of confusion and introduce more complexities than necessary.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Japanese, the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"受身[うけみ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" form is better understood as the \\\"receptive form\\\" rather than a true passive construction. The crucial distinction lies in recognizing that it represents the receiving of an action rather than the conventional understanding of passivity. For example, the English sentence \\\"I was hit by Hanako\\\" is a true passive construction where Hanako is the actor, and the speaker is the receiver. Translating this sentence into Japanese would look as follows:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 花子[はなこ] に 殴られた[なぐられた] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was hit by Hanako. \u003Cbr> (Literally: I received a blow from Hanako.)\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"However, in Japanese, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"受身[うけみ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is more accurately translated as \\\"I received a blow from Hanako,\\\" where the focus is on the receiver of the action. This also means that there is no change in the usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", as they still mark the doer of the action; it's just that, in a receptive sentence, that action happens to be the very reception itself. This is clear in the literal translation \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I received\"\n }), \", i.e., I did the action of receiving, even though someone else did the hitting.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As always, for irregular forms, you mostly have to memorize them.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Receptive\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n 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translation: \"to come\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[こ,くる]られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"come\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]かれる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"go\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Fortunately, no new surprises here.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"まだ 店[みせ] が 開[あ,あく]いてない のに 、客[きゃく] に 入[はい,はいる]って \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">来[こ,くる]られて\u003C\u002Fstrong> しまった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The store wasn't open yet, but a customer came in (without permission).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.283-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"警察官[けいさつかん] が 来[き,くる]て 、兄[あに] が 何処[どこ] か に 連[つ,つれる]れて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">行[い,いく]かれた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A police officer came and (my) older brother was taken somewhere.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.283-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"遅刻[ちこく] し[,為る*する]て 先生[せんせい] に 注意[ちゅうい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">さ[,為る*する]れた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was reprimanded by the teacher for being late.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.283-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"DoerはSourceに(Objectを)Verb-Receptive\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 警察官[けいさつかん] に（部屋[へや] を）捜査[そうさ] さ[,為る*する]れた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":4675,"title":4676,"mod":4677,"grammarPoint":4678,"grammarPointTitle":4679,"grammarPointDescription":4680,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4681,"similarGrammarPoints":4682,"tags":4683,"content":4684,"dependentGrammarPoints":4685,"language":22,"similarPoints":4686,"prereqPoints":4687},20463397960225,"The causative-receptive verb form",1769233138988,"the-causative-receptive","[JLPT N4] | The Causative-Receptive Form of Verbs | Japanese Grammar","Be made to do something using the causative-receptive form, which combines causative and passive to express forced actions in Japanese.",[4595,4609,4622,4635,4649,4662],[],[1034,17,468],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The causative-receptive verb form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Someone is made to do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The causative-receptive is a fusion of the causative and receptive forms of verbs. Although it may sound complicated, there are no new conjugation rules. To form it, you just take the causative form, remove the る, and add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Causative\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Causative-receptive\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ.だす]させる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"make someone go out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ.だす]させられる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be made to go out\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"話[はな,はなす]させる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"make someone talk\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"話[はな,はなす]させられる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be made to talk\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The basic meaning of the causative-receptive is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"be made to do something\"\n }), \". Previously, we saw that the causative could imply compulsion or permission, but thankfully for this combined form, there is only a compulsory interpretation; the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"allowed to\"\n }), \" is not possible.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"親[おや] は 子供[こども] に 宿題[しゅくだい] を さ[,する]せる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The parents make the child do homework\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] は 親[おや] に 宿題[しゅくだい] を さ[,する]せられる 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The child is being made to do homework by it's parent.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, there is a shift in particle usage between the causative and causative-receptive forms. This occurs because the receptive form is being used, indicating that the person marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the one receiving an action. In this case, they are the doer in the sentence, and what they are doing is receiving the action of being made to do something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Although you won't encounter this form too often, it's good to make a mental note of its existence but not overly stress about mastering it from the get-go.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"何時間[なんじかん] も 上司[じょうし] の 自慢話[じまんばなし] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">聞[き,きく]かせられた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was forced to listen to my boss’s bragging for hours.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.284-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"母[はは] に ３日間[みっかかん,三日間*みっかかん] 、朝[あさ] から 夜[よる] まで の 間[あいだ] 数学[すうがく] の 勉強[べんきょう] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">さ[,する]せられた\u003C\u002Fstrong> けど 、テスト で 非常[ひじょう] に 悪[わる,わるい]い 点[てん] を 取[と,とる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) was made by (my) mother to study math, from morning to night for 3 days, but (I) got extremely bad marks on the test.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.284-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see in the example above, especially when the receiver of the action is the speaker, the phrase \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"私[わたし] が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is omitted. The omission of the receiver can also occur in other sentences if the recipient is clear from context.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"ReceiverはCauserに(Object・Suru-verbを)Action\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] は 親[おや] に 宿題[しゅくだい] を さ[,する]せられる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[4688,4690,4692,4694,4696,4698],{"id":4595,"title":4596,"mod":4597,"grammarPoint":4598,"grammarPointTitle":4599,"grammarPointDescription":4600,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4601,"similarGrammarPoints":4602,"tags":4689,"content":4604,"dependentGrammarPoints":4605,"language":22},[52,21,472],{"id":4609,"title":4610,"mod":4611,"grammarPoint":4612,"grammarPointTitle":4613,"grammarPointDescription":4600,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4614,"similarGrammarPoints":4615,"tags":4691,"content":4617,"dependentGrammarPoints":4618,"language":22},[52,21,472],{"id":4622,"title":4623,"mod":4624,"grammarPoint":4625,"grammarPointTitle":4626,"grammarPointDescription":4600,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4627,"similarGrammarPoints":4628,"tags":4693,"content":4630,"dependentGrammarPoints":4631,"language":22},[52,21,472],{"id":4635,"title":4636,"mod":4637,"grammarPoint":4638,"grammarPointTitle":4639,"grammarPointDescription":4640,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4641,"similarGrammarPoints":4642,"tags":4695,"content":4644,"dependentGrammarPoints":4645,"language":22},[52,21,472],{"id":4649,"title":4650,"mod":4651,"grammarPoint":4652,"grammarPointTitle":4653,"grammarPointDescription":4640,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4654,"similarGrammarPoints":4655,"tags":4697,"content":4657,"dependentGrammarPoints":4658,"language":22},[52,21,472],{"id":4662,"title":4663,"mod":4664,"grammarPoint":4665,"grammarPointTitle":4666,"grammarPointDescription":4640,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4667,"similarGrammarPoints":4668,"tags":4699,"content":4670,"dependentGrammarPoints":4671,"language":22},[52,21,472],{"id":4701,"title":4702,"mod":4703,"grammarPoint":4704,"grammarPointTitle":4705,"grammarPointDescription":4706,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4707,"similarGrammarPoints":4708,"tags":4709,"content":4710,"dependentGrammarPoints":4711,"language":22,"similarPoints":4712,"prereqPoints":4713},20463397960226,"「それで」 Connect two sentences by listing a reason",1769233189032,"sorede-give-reason-while-connecting-sentences","[JLPT N4] 「それで」 (sorede) | Connect Sentences by Giving a Reason| Japanese Grammar","Shows how to use それで to express cause and effect between sentences or prompt someone to continue a story or explanation.",[283,4205],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「それで」 Connect two sentences by listing a reason\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Because of that\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a conjunction used to connect sentences with a meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"so\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"therefore\"\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"and then\"\n }), \". It is used to express that the preceding sentence is the reason or cause for the following sentence.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Basic usage:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"電車[でんしゃ] が 遅[おく,おくれる]れて い[,居る*いる]た 。\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">それで\u003C\u002Fstrong>、会議[かいぎ] に 遅刻[ちこく] し[,為る*する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The train was delayed. Because of that I was late to the meeting.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.285-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The two sentences don’t have to be said by the same person, as you can see in the next example.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：今日[きょう] おじ が 事故[じこ] で 入院[にゅういん] し[,する]て 、１日[いちにち,一日*いちにち] 中[じゅう] 病院[びょういん] に い[,いる]た 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">それで\u003C\u002Fstrong> 昨日[きのう] 会社[かいしゃ] に い[,居る*いる]なかったん だ ね 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Today, (my) uncle was hospitalized because of an accident, and 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So, (I) only drink water.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[300,4714],{"id":4205,"title":4206,"mod":4207,"grammarPoint":4208,"grammarPointTitle":4209,"grammarPointDescription":4210,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4211,"similarGrammarPoints":4212,"tags":4715,"content":4214,"dependentGrammarPoints":4215,"language":22},[27,21,571],{"id":4717,"title":4718,"mod":4719,"grammarPoint":4720,"grammarPointTitle":4721,"grammarPointDescription":4722,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4723,"similarGrammarPoints":4724,"tags":4725,"content":4726,"dependentGrammarPoints":4727,"language":22,"similarPoints":4728,"prereqPoints":4729},20463397960227,"「それでは」\"If that is the case…\"",1769233252574,"soredeha-if-that-case","[JLPT N4] 「それでは」 (soredeha) | \"If That Is the Case...\" | Japanese Grammar","それでは (and its casual forms) can be used to mean “if so,” to change topics, or politely end a conversation.\n",[4701],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「それでは」\\\"If that is the case…\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Then, if so\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Adding a \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" gives us \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それでは\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means something along the lines of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"and with that\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if so\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"well then\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それでは\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can have multiple uses. Let’s go through them one by one.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The usual construct is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>。それでは \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". What is expressed in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is the reason or cause for \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：赤[あか]い 服[ふく] は 嫌[きら]い だ よ 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">それ じゃ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、こっち の 服[ふく] は どう ？\u003Cbr>\\nA：いい[,いい] ね ！それ を 買[か,かう]う 事[こと] に する[,する] よ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: I don't like red clothes. \u003Cbr> B: Then how about these clothes? \u003Cbr> A: (They're) nice! (I'll) buy those!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.286-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In casual conversations \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それでは\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" often gets shortened to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それじゃ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another variant is to just say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which can be shortened even further to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This can often be heard in something like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃ、また 今度[こんど]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"See you next time!\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It can be used to conclude the previous conversation and change the topic.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">それでは\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、次[つぎ] の 議題[ぎだい] に 移[うつ,うつる]りましょう 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Well then, let’s move on to the next agenda item.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.286-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It can be used as a way to say goodbye, similar to the English \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Well, I'll be off then\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">それでは\u003C\u002Fstrong>、失礼[しつれい] し[,為る*する]ます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Well then, excuse me (I’ll be going).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.286-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[4730],{"id":4701,"title":4702,"mod":4703,"grammarPoint":4704,"grammarPointTitle":4705,"grammarPointDescription":4706,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4707,"similarGrammarPoints":4708,"tags":4731,"content":4710,"dependentGrammarPoints":4711,"language":22},[52,21],{"id":2658,"title":4733,"mod":2639,"grammarPoint":4734,"grammarPointTitle":4735,"grammarPointDescription":4736,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4737,"similarGrammarPoints":4738,"tags":4740,"content":4741,"dependentGrammarPoints":4742,"language":22,"similarPoints":4743,"prereqPoints":4755},"「と」(4) Make direct quotations","to-quote-someone","[JLPT N5] 「と」 (to) | Make Direct Quotations | Japanese Grammar","Uses of と to quote speech, show thoughts, describe written text, or mimic sounds and actions through onomatopoeia and expressive adverbs.",[],[4739],20463397960229,[23,17,137,671],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「と」(4) Make direct quotations\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Can also be used to state what you think\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is to quote someone, and later, to describe the manner in which someone does something.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"First let's look at how it reports speech. This is especially common in the phrase \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と 言[い,いう]った\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"said X\"\n }), \". The standard structure is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> と 言[い,いう]った\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" being the person who is quoted and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \", the quote.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] は「宿題[しゅくだい] は 明日[あした] まで 」\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と\u003C\u002Fstrong> 言[い,いう]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The teacher said, “The homework is due by tomorrow.”\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.287-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another usage is with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と 書[か,かく]いて ある[,ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to express that something was or is written somewhere.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ドア に「関係者[かんけいしゃ] 以外[いがい] 立入[たちいり] 禁止[きんし]」\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と\u003C\u002Fstrong> 書[か,かく]いて ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It says “No entry except authorized personnel” on the door.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.287-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The next common usage is with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と 思[お,おもう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to express one's thoughts.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"その 映画[えいが] は 子供[こども] に も 分[わ,わかる]かり やす[,易い*やすい]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と\u003C\u002Fstrong> 思[おも,おもう]う 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think that movie is easy for kids to understand too.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.287-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Other verbs that you will see being used with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" include \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"考[かんが,かんがえる]える\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"think\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"聞[き,きく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"hear\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"説明[せつめい] する[,する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"explain\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The last usage here is with onomatopoeia to express that something was done \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"with the sound of\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"隣[となり] の 部屋[へや] で 、一日[いちにち,一日*いちにち] 中[じゅう] ゴンゴン \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と\u003C\u002Fstrong> なんか 聞[き,きこえる]こえて くる[,くる] 。うるさ[,うるさい] すぎ[,すぎる]て 全然[ぜんぜん] 勉強[べんきょう] でき[,できる]ない ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I've been) hearing some banging coming from the next room all day long. It's too noisy and (I'm) not able to study at all.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.287-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Quotation + と\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"漁師[りょうし] だ と\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Mime + と\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ゆっくり と ・ バタバタ と\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Quote + と言った\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"「おはよう！」と 言[い,いう]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Text + と書いてある\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"タバコ は 禁止[きんし] と 書[か,かく]いて ある[,ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Mime + と + Action\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"バタバタ と 走り回った[はしりまわった] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[4744],{"id":4739,"title":4745,"mod":4746,"grammarPoint":4747,"grammarPointTitle":4748,"grammarPointDescription":4749,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4750,"similarGrammarPoints":4751,"tags":4752,"content":4753,"dependentGrammarPoints":4754,"language":22},"「って」(2) Informally make direct quotations",1769233356067,"tte-quote-someone-colloquially","[JLPT N5] 「って」 (tte) | Informally Make Direct Quotations | Japanese Grammar","って is a casual, emotive way to quote speech or thoughts, often replacing と, and can imply “say” unless another verb like “think” is stated.",[],[2658],[27,21,141],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「って」(2) Informally make direct quotations\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"That\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"って\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a colloquial variant of the quoting particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and can be used in the same way.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：今回[こんかい] は 母[はは] が 「おごっ[,おごる]て あげる[,あげる] 」\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">って\u003C\u002Fstrong> 言[い,いう]ってる ！\u003Cbr>\\nB：よし 、それ じゃ ピザ を 買[か,かう]って もらう ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: (My) mother is saying (she'll) treat us this time! \u003Cbr> B: Cool, then (I'll) have (her) buy (me) pizza! \u003Cbr> (Literally: is saying \\\"will treat\\\")\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.288-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：それでは 、私[わたし] は 今[いま] から トイレ に 行[い,いく]く ね 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：えっ ？私[わたし] も 今[いま] 行[い,いく]こう \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">って\u003C\u002Fstrong> 思[おも,おもう]って い[,いる]た ところ だ よ 。一緒[いっしょ] に 行[い,いく]こう よ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Well, I'm going to the bathroom now. \u003Cbr> B: Oh? I was also just thinking of going too. Let's go together!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.288-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"って\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used alone, the meaning of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"言[い,いう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"say\"\n }), \" is assumed. If you want to express \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"思[お,おもう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"think\"\n }), \", then you have to include it explicitly. Unlike with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"って\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the verb that follows the quotation particle cannot be omitted with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another difference is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"って\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is more emotive and emphatic due to its glottal stop.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Quote + って\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"おご[,おごる]って あげ[,あげる]る って\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":4739,"title":4745,"mod":4746,"grammarPoint":4747,"grammarPointTitle":4748,"grammarPointDescription":4749,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4750,"similarGrammarPoints":4751,"tags":4757,"content":4753,"dependentGrammarPoints":4754,"language":22,"similarPoints":4758,"prereqPoints":4761},[23,17,137],[4759],{"id":2658,"title":4733,"mod":2639,"grammarPoint":4734,"grammarPointTitle":4735,"grammarPointDescription":4736,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4737,"similarGrammarPoints":4738,"tags":4760,"content":4741,"dependentGrammarPoints":4742,"language":22},[27,21,141,675],[],{"id":4763,"title":4764,"mod":2639,"grammarPoint":4765,"grammarPointTitle":4766,"grammarPointDescription":4767,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4768,"similarGrammarPoints":4769,"tags":4770,"content":4771,"dependentGrammarPoints":4772,"language":22,"similarPoints":4773,"prereqPoints":4774},20463397960230,"「といえば」”Speaking of which…\"","toieba-make-something-just-mentioned-topic","[JLPT N3] 「といえば」 (toieba) | \"Speaking of Which...\" | Japanese Grammar","Use といえば or っていえば to introduce a topic that was just mentioned, similar to saying “speaking of” in English.",[],[147,155],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「といえば」”Speaking of which…\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Make something just mentioned the topic of discussion\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's explore another grammar point using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と 言[い,いう]えば\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be translated literally as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if you say that\"\n }), \", but the meaning is closer to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"speaking of\"\n }), \", as you will see in the examples.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"週末[しゅうまつ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と 言[い,いう]えば\u003C\u002Fstrong>、家[いえ] で のんびり する[,為る*する] の が 最高[さいこう] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Speaking of weekends, relaxing at home is the best.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.289-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In informal speech, you can also change \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と 言[い,いう]えば\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"って 言[い,いう]えば\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本[にほん] 料理[りょうり] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">って い[,言う*いう]えば\u003C\u002Fstrong>、寿司[すし] を 思い浮[おもいう,おもいうかぶ]かべる 人[ひと] が 多[おお,おおい]い 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When you say Japanese food, many people picture sushi.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.289-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[527,160],[],{"id":4776,"title":4777,"mod":4778,"grammarPoint":4779,"grammarPointTitle":4780,"grammarPointDescription":4781,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4782,"similarGrammarPoints":4783,"tags":4784,"content":4785,"dependentGrammarPoints":4786,"language":22,"similarPoints":4787,"prereqPoints":4788},20463397960231,"「やる」Give or do something",1764917533213,"yaru-give-do-something","[JLPT N4] 「やる」 (yaru) | Give or Do Something | Japanese Grammar","Covers the many uses of やる, including give, send, do, and casual て-form actions—often with a bold or emotional nuance. Also contrasts やる vs. する.",[],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「やる」Give or do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Give, do\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"やる[,やる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a versatile verb with several meanings. Among these include \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"play\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"do\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"give\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"send\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"eat\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"drink\"\n }), \", but in practice, you will mostly see the first four.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The basic structures for expressing \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"send\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"give\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"play\"\n }), \" are:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] を 大学[だいがく] に やる[,やる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Object-To-SendをPlaceにやる \u003Cbr> [Send]\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"弟[おとうと] に 車[くるま] を やる[,やる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"ReceiverにObjectをやる \u003Cbr> [Give]\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"野球[やきゅう] を やる[,やる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Sport\u002FGameをやる \u003Cbr> [Play]\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The other uses of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"やる[,やる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"work as\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"eat\u002Fdrink\u002Fsmoke\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"hold (an event)\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"learn\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"suffer from (illness)\"\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"run (a business)\"\n }), \". These uses follow the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"Object を やる[,やる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" structure.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"息子[むすこ] を おじ の 所[ところ] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">やっ[,やる]て\u003C\u002Fstrong> 働[はたら,はたらかせる]かせて い[,いる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) sent (my) son to (his) uncle's place and was having (him) work (there).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.290-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"弟[おとうと] に 私[わたし] の 車[くるま] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">やる[,やる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I give my car to my brother.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.290-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"やる[,やる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be attached to the て-form of a verb with the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to do something for someone\"\n }), \". This usage is similar to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て あげる[,あげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but is mostly used in spoken casual language.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"僕[ぼく] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">や[,やる]って\u003C\u002Fstrong> やる[,やる] よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'll do it for you.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.290-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another difference from \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て あげる[,あげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て やる[,やる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used to express that the speaker does something that is undesirable to the person it is done for\u002Fto.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"何度[なんど] も 父[ちち] が 俺[おれ] の 弁当[べんとう] を 食[く,くう]って しまう から 、昨日[きのう] 、弁当[べんとう] に 大量[たいりょう] の 塩[しお] を 入[い,いれる]れて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">やっ[,やる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> さ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) father has eaten up my lunch so many times, so yesterday (I) put a ton of salt in (my) lunch (for him).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.290-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"兄[あに] が 俺[おれ] の ゲーム を 無理[むり]やり 取[と,とる]って 遊[あそ,あそぶ]んで いる[,いる] 。腹[はら] が 立[た,たつ]った から 殴[なぐ,なぐる]って \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">やっ[,やる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) older brother took (my) game forcibly and is playing it. (I) got angry so (I) hit (him)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.290-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-From + やる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"殴[なぐ,なぐる]って やる[,やる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiMigachuToggle, {\n text: \"Advanced Content\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsxs(UiCardItem, {\n children: [_jsx(UiSvg, {\n raw: \"\u003Csvg 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_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"やる[,やる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". For the most part, we recommend that you do not try to memorize these differences, but rather leave it up to immersion to slowly teach them to you over time. However, if you want to have a quick rundown, here it is.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"やる[,やる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" cannot be used for involuntary actions, such as the following:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"咳[せき] を する[,する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To cough\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"くしゃみ を する[,する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To sneeze\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"瞬[まばた]き を する[,する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To blink\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"やる[,やる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" shows willingness and is used when you want to emphasize your determination. In the following example, technically \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" would also work as an answer, but it would sound like person B is taking the job very lightly.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：この 仕事[しごと] は すご[,すごい]く 難[むず,むずかしい]しくて 大変[たいへん] だ よ？それでも やる[,やる] か？\u003Cbr>\\nB：はい、やり[,やる]ます。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: This job is very difficult and hard, okay? Will you still do it? \u003Cbr> B: Yes, I will do it!\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"やる[,やる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is generally not used for things that can be done instantly. Using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"やる[,やる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in the following example would sound \\\"off\\\", as it would make it seem like you are doing something meaningful or something that requires effort\u002Ftime.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"握手[あくしゅ] を する[,する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To shake hands\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another difference is that, as we learned in an earlier lesson, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to create suru-verbs like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"勉強[べんきょう] する[,する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The same cannot be done with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"やる[,やる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The following table shows more differences between the two verbs. Don't worry about memorizing all these differences. This table is merely to serve as reference for your studies.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Expressed Meaning\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"する\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"やる\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Send\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Give\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Play (a sport\u002Fgame)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Work as\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Eat \u002F drink \u002F smoke\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Play a role\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Do\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Hold (an event)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Learn\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Suffer from (disease)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Run (a business)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Make (a certain way)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Wear\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Have (e.g. long legs)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Perceive (a voice \u002F smell)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Cost (time \u002F money)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"✓\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":2631,"title":2638,"mod":2639,"grammarPoint":2640,"grammarPointTitle":2641,"grammarPointDescription":2642,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2643,"similarGrammarPoints":2647,"tags":4790,"content":2649,"dependentGrammarPoints":2650,"language":22,"similarPoints":4791,"prereqPoints":4792},[1054,17],[],[4793,4795,4797],{"id":2644,"title":4558,"mod":4559,"grammarPoint":4560,"grammarPointTitle":4561,"grammarPointDescription":4562,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4563,"similarGrammarPoints":4564,"tags":4794,"content":4566,"dependentGrammarPoints":4567,"language":22},[21,472,52],{"id":2645,"title":4571,"mod":4572,"grammarPoint":4573,"grammarPointTitle":4574,"grammarPointDescription":4562,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4575,"similarGrammarPoints":4576,"tags":4796,"content":4578,"dependentGrammarPoints":4579,"language":22},[52,21,472],{"id":2646,"title":4583,"mod":4584,"grammarPoint":4585,"grammarPointTitle":4586,"grammarPointDescription":4562,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4587,"similarGrammarPoints":4588,"tags":4798,"content":4590,"dependentGrammarPoints":4591,"language":22},[52,21,472],{"id":2632,"title":2652,"mod":2653,"grammarPoint":2654,"grammarPointTitle":2655,"grammarPointDescription":2656,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2657,"similarGrammarPoints":2659,"tags":4800,"content":2661,"dependentGrammarPoints":2662,"language":22,"similarPoints":4801,"prereqPoints":4802},[1034,17],[],[4793,4795,4797,4759],{"id":4804,"title":4805,"mod":2653,"grammarPoint":4806,"grammarPointTitle":4807,"grammarPointDescription":4808,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4809,"similarGrammarPoints":4810,"tags":4811,"content":4812,"dependentGrammarPoints":4813,"language":22,"similarPoints":4814,"prereqPoints":4815},20463397960234,"「まいと思う」Decide or desire to not do something","maitoomou-decide-desire-not-do-something","[JLPT N4] 「まいと思う」 (maitoomou) | Decide or Desire to Not Do Something | Japanese Grammar","まいと思う expresses a personal decision not to do something using the formal, old-fashioned negative volitional form まい. Often seen in written or literary contexts.",[2632],[2632],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「まいと思う」Decide or desire to not do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Can also mean \\\"I don't think I'll...\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> まい と 思[おも,おもう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the negative version of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よう と 思[おも,おもう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It is used to express the speaker's \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"decision or desire to not do something\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For u-verbs, you can attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the dictionary form of the verb, such as:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"飲[の,のむ]む　→　飲[の,のむ]む まい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Drink → Not drink\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For ru-verbs, you attach it to the stem of the verb, such as:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる　→　食[た,たべる]べまい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Eat → Not eat\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"もう 二度[にど] と 同[おな]じ 過[あやま]ち は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">繰り返[くりかえ,くりかえす]す まい と 思[おも,おもう]う\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’ve decided I won’t repeat the same mistake ever again.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.293-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は もう \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">飲[の,のむ]む まい と 思[おも,おもう]う\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think I would drink today anymore.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.293-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"最近[さいきん] 太[ふと,ふとる]って 来[き,くる]た から 、もう 甘[あま,あまい]い 物[もの] は 食[た,たべる]べ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">まい と 思[おも,おもう]う\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I've) started gaining weight lately, so (I) think (I) won't eat sweets anymore.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.293-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are a few irregularities to note when forming this structure. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くる[,くる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can both be transformed into \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する] まい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くる[,くる] まい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but there is also a second form for each of them, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"す[,為る*する]まい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こ[,くる]まい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This is also the case for some ru-verbs, and as a result, both \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる まい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べまい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are acceptable.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This negative version of the volitional form is not widely used and has a somewhat old-fashioned feel to it. However, you may come across it in books or manga that try to express this particular nuance.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verbまい + と思う\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べまい と 思[お,おもう]う\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[2651],[2651],{"id":4817,"title":4818,"mod":2653,"grammarPoint":4819,"grammarPointTitle":4820,"grammarPointDescription":4821,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4822,"similarGrammarPoints":4823,"tags":4824,"content":4825,"dependentGrammarPoints":4826,"language":22,"similarPoints":4827,"prereqPoints":4828},20463397960235,"「という」”An X that is called...\"","toiu-give-more-information","[JLPT N3] 「という」 (toiu) | \"An X That Is Called\" | Japanese Grammar","Use という to name things or describe info like rumors or articles—think “called A” or “a rumor that A.” Often shortened to っていう in casual speech.\n",[2658],[],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「という」”An X that is called...\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Can also be used to provide additional information about something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This grammar point has two main uses. It can be used to name people or things, or describe the content of a call, notice, article, or other piece of information. The general structure is always the same: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> と いう \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" being the name or information, and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \", the category of thing that encompasses it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"「侍[さむらい] 道[どう] 」\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">と いう[,いう]\u003C\u002Fstrong> ゲーム\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"a game called 侍道\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] に は 友達 が いない \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">と いう[,いう]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 噂[うわさ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"a rumor that he has no friends\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the first example, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is the name \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"侍[さむらい] 道[どう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" is the encompassing entity, \\\"game.\\\"\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the second example, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is the piece of information \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼には友達がいない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"he has no friends\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" is the entity, \\\"rumor.\\\"\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Now Let’s look at fully fleshed out examples for each.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To name people or things:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう] 友達[ともだち] の 家[いえ] で 「侍[さむらい] 道[どう] 」\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">という\u003C\u002Fstrong> ゲーム を 初[はじ]めて し[,する]た ！すごく[,すごい] 面白[おもしろ,おもしろい]かった よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yesterday at (my) friend's house, I played a game called \\\"The Way of the Samurai\\\" for the first time! It was a lot of fun. \u003Cbr> (literally: did for the first time)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.294-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Explaining the content of a piece of information:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：鈴木[!すずき] 君[くん] ハンサム で かっこう[,格好*かっこう] いい[,良い*いい] よ ね ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：最近[さいきん] 、彼[かれ] が 沢山[たくさん] の 女の子[おんなのこ] と 遊[あそ,あそぶ]ん でる[,でる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">という\u003C\u002Fstrong> 噂[うわさ] を 聞[き,きく]いた よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Suzuki-kun is handsome and good looking, isn't (he)? \u003Cbr> B: (I) recently heard a rumor that he's been having fun with a lot of girls.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.294-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In casual conversations, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と いう[,いう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"って いう[,いう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Name + という\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ヒメシャガ と いう[,いう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Content + という\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"アメリカ へ 来[く,くる]る と いう[,いう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[4759],{"id":3010,"title":3049,"mod":3050,"grammarPoint":3051,"grammarPointTitle":3052,"grammarPointDescription":3053,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3054,"similarGrammarPoints":3055,"tags":4830,"content":3057,"dependentGrammarPoints":3058,"language":22,"similarPoints":4831,"prereqPoints":4832},[1034,17,2274],[],[3948],{"id":2148,"title":4834,"mod":4835,"grammarPoint":4836,"grammarPointTitle":4837,"grammarPointDescription":4838,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4839,"similarGrammarPoints":4840,"tags":4841,"content":4842,"dependentGrammarPoints":4843,"language":22,"similarPoints":4844,"prereqPoints":4856},"「欲しい・ほしい」Express what you desire to have",1769233993218,"hoshii-express-your-desires","[JLPT N4] 「ほしい」 (hoshii) | \"I Want (Noun)\" | Japanese Grammar","You can use ほしい to express wanting something using the \"は〜が\" structure. Learn forms, negation, and how to refer to others’ desires with hearsay phrases.",[],[2127,2128,2129,2150],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「欲しい・ほしい」Express what you desire to have\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Want\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The い-adjective \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほしい[,ほしい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"wanting (to have)\"\n }), \" is used to express the desire of wanting to have something. It is often used in the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は ～ が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" construction, where the person who experiences the desire is marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and the desired object, with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This may sound confusing, as in English, the subject of the sentence is the person who wants something. This would mean that the desired object is exactly that—a grammatical object, which, in turn, would mean that it should be marked by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". However, this is not the case.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see in the example below, it is not \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"私[わたし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" that is being marked as the actor in the sentence with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it is the car. This is because \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほしい[,ほしい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is an い-adjective that expresses that an object \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"is wanted\"\n }), \". The object is expressing the quality of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"being wanted\"\n }), \", as opposed to the subject doing the action of wanting.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 車[くるま] が ほしい[,ほしい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want a car. \u003Cbr> (Literally: As for me, a car is wanted.)\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Fortunately, as an い-adjective, it is easily negated. You either replace the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for the negative form, or replace \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くなかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for the past-negative form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ほしい[,ほしい]　→　ほし[,ほしい]くない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Want → Don't want\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ほしい[,ほしい]　→　ほし[,ほしい]かった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Want → Wanted\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ほしい[,ほしい]　→　ほし[,ほしい]くなかった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Want → Didn't want\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n 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If you want to use it for others, you need to make sure to indicate that you are assuming their intent by adding phrases like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と 言[い,いう]って い[,いる]た\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"they were saying\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そう だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"I heard that\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"そう だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"it looks like\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"らしい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"it seems like\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] は 車[くるま] が ほしい[,ほしい] と 言[い,いう]って い[,いう]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tanaka said he wants a car.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] は 車[くるま] が ほしい[,ほしい] そう だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I heard Tanaka wants a car.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] は 車[くるま] が ほしい[,ほしい] らしい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It seems like Tanaka wants a car.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[2140,2154,2164,4845],{"id":2150,"title":4846,"mod":4847,"grammarPoint":4848,"grammarPointTitle":4849,"grammarPointDescription":4850,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4851,"similarGrammarPoints":4852,"tags":4853,"content":4854,"dependentGrammarPoints":4855,"language":22},"「がる」Someone shows signs of something",1765765837146,"garu-someone-shows-signs-something","[JLPT N4] 「がる」 (garu) | Someone Shows Signs of Something | Japanese Grammar","Use ～がる to describe how someone else seems to feel, want, or desire something—like showing signs of being happy, embarrassed, or wanting to do something.",[],[2148,2149,2127,2128,2129],[52,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiImage, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiImage) _missingMdxReference(\"UiImage\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「がる」Someone shows signs of something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"To show signs of being, to feel, to think\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are many structures in Japanese that cannot be used for other people, especially when it comes to emotions. However, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"がる[,がる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is an exception and is especially useful in situations like this. It expresses a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"third person's desires, wishes, emotions, or physical sensations\"\n }), \", or more precisely, it expresses the idea that someone shows signs of something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002FFirstSecondThirdPerson_1.webp\",\n alt: \"With i-adjectives\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002FFirstSecondThirdPerson_2.webp\",\n alt: \"With i-adjectives\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Both \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほしい[,ほしい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can only be used in the first person (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"私[わたし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") or second person (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"あなた\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \").\\nFor the third person \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"がる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has to be added to them.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used with い-adjectives, simply replace the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"がる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ほしい[,ほしい]　→　ほ[,ほしい]しがる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Want → Shows signs of wanting\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] が その おもちゃ を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">欲[ほ,ほしい]しがって いる[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The child wants that toy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.321-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the lesson on \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほしい[,ほしい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", we mentioned that it uses \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for the object that is desired. When changing it to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほ[,ほしい]しがる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the particle has to be changed to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This structure can only be used with verbs in their \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"-form. As \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is actually an auxiliary い-adjective, the formation with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"がる[,がる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is identical.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"姉[あね] が 、この 辺[へん] の 服[ふくや] 屋[や] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">行[い,いく]きたがって い[,いる]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> な 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) older sister seemed to be eager to go to a clothing store around here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.321-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"がる[,がる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" conjugates like a u-verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Writing\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"がる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Show signs of\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"がらない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Not show signs of\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Te-Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"がって\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Show signs of\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Past\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"がった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Showed signs of\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Remember, in the lesson on \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"屋[や]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", we mentioned that people who have a certain trait can have \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"屋[や]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" attached to the trait. We used the following example.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"恥ずかしがり屋[はずかしがりや]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A shy person\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.321-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now you know where the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"がり\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" part of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"恥ずかしい[はずかしい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" comes from. 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flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～が[,がる]って いる[,いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", on the other hand, expresses a person's current feelings.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"娘[むすめ] は 新[あたら,あたらしい]しい 服[ふく] を 買[か,かう]いたがって いる[,いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My daughter wants to buy new clothes. \u003Cbr> [Current Feelings]\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":2149,"title":4858,"mod":4859,"grammarPoint":4860,"grammarPointTitle":4861,"grammarPointDescription":4862,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4863,"similarGrammarPoints":4864,"tags":4865,"content":4866,"dependentGrammarPoints":4867,"language":22,"similarPoints":4868,"prereqPoints":4869},"「て欲しい・てほしい」”I want you to X\"",1769234515357,"tehoshii-when-you-want-someone-do-something","[JLPT N4] 「てほしい」 (tehoshii) | \"I Want You To X\" | Japanese Grammar","Use て-form + ほしい to express that you want someone else to do something; the doer is marked with に, and ほしい conjugates like an い-adjective.",[756,757,758,2148],[2205,2233,4414],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「て欲しい・てほしい」”I want you to X\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほしい[,ほしい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be added to the て-form of a verb. When combined, it creates the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"want someone to do something\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] に もう 一度[いちど] 説明[せつめい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]て ほしい[,欲しい*ほしい]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want the teacher to explain it one more time.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.297-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"欲[ほ,ほしい]しい もの が ある[,ある] から パパ に 東京[とうきょう] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">連[つ,つれる]れて 行[い,いく]って ほしい[,ほしい]\u003C\u002Fstrong> けど 、ここ 最近[さいきん] パパ は 忙[いそが,いそがしい]しい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There's something (I) want, so (I) want dad to take me to Tokyo, but dad's been busy these days.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.297-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, the person with the want is marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", while the person they want to do something is marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As mentioned in the last lesson, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ほしい[,ほしい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" conjugates as an i-adjective.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ほしい[,ほしい]　→　ほし[,ほしい]くない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Want → Don't want\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ほしい[,ほしい]　→　ほし[,ほしい]かった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Want → Wanted\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ほしい[,ほしい]　→　ほし[,ほしい]くなかった\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Want → Didn't want\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + ほしい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べて ほしい[,ほしい]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[4491,4488,4431],[2113,2115,2117,4870],{"id":2148,"title":4834,"mod":4835,"grammarPoint":4836,"grammarPointTitle":4837,"grammarPointDescription":4838,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4839,"similarGrammarPoints":4840,"tags":4871,"content":4842,"dependentGrammarPoints":4843,"language":22},[52,21],{"id":2127,"title":2141,"mod":2142,"grammarPoint":2143,"grammarPointTitle":2144,"grammarPointDescription":2145,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2146,"similarGrammarPoints":2147,"tags":4873,"content":2152,"dependentGrammarPoints":2153,"language":22,"similarPoints":4874,"prereqPoints":4877},[23,17,468],[4870,4875,4845],{"id":2149,"title":4858,"mod":4859,"grammarPoint":4860,"grammarPointTitle":4861,"grammarPointDescription":4862,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4863,"similarGrammarPoints":4864,"tags":4876,"content":4866,"dependentGrammarPoints":4867,"language":22},[52,21],[],{"id":2128,"title":2155,"mod":2156,"grammarPoint":2157,"grammarPointTitle":2158,"grammarPointDescription":2145,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2159,"similarGrammarPoints":2160,"tags":4879,"content":2162,"dependentGrammarPoints":2163,"language":22,"similarPoints":4880,"prereqPoints":4881},[23,17,468],[4870,4875,4845],[],{"id":2129,"title":2165,"mod":2166,"grammarPoint":2167,"grammarPointTitle":2168,"grammarPointDescription":2145,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2169,"similarGrammarPoints":2170,"tags":4883,"content":2172,"dependentGrammarPoints":2173,"language":22,"similarPoints":4884,"prereqPoints":4885},[23,17,468],[4870,4875,4845],[],{"id":4887,"title":4888,"mod":4889,"grammarPoint":4890,"grammarPointTitle":4891,"grammarPointDescription":4892,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4893,"similarGrammarPoints":4894,"tags":4896,"content":4897,"dependentGrammarPoints":4898,"language":22,"similarPoints":4899,"prereqPoints":4911},20463397960242,"「どれ」”Which one?\"",1769239014632,"dore-ask-for-decision-between-things","[JLPT N5] 「どれ」 (dore) | \"Which One?\" | Japanese Grammar","どれ can be used to ask “which one” when choosing from three or more options. It acts like a noun and can also mean “whichever” in certain contexts.",[],[4895],20463397960243,[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTableRowHeader, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「どれ」”Which one?\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Which (of 3 or more)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When asking “which” in Japanese, you have several options. The choice depends on whether you want to attach the question word directly to a noun, and whether you are choosing between two options or three or more options.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here is a list of all our choice-question words and when they can be used.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Word\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Attached to a noun\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number of choices\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どれ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"No\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"3+\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どの\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Yes\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"3+\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どちら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"No\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"2\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どっち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"No\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"2\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this article, we will focus on \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どれ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"can only be used when you have the choice between three or more options.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can think of it as a kind of stand-in when the “thing” you’re talking about is already understood from context. For example, imagine you’re standing at the car dealer and you ask your partner which of the many cars they like the most. In this situation, it’s clear that you’re talking about the cars, so you can simply say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どれ が いい[,良い*いい]？\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"which one do you like (among all of these)?\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どれ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a pronoun, so you can treat it like a noun and attach particles to it as needed.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どれ\u003C\u002Fstrong> に する[,為る*する]？\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Which one will you choose? (Lit.: Towards which will you do)\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どれ\u003C\u002Fstrong> が いい[,良い*いい]？\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Which one do you like? (Lit.: Which is good)\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どれ\u003C\u002Fstrong> が 一番[いちばん] 好[す]き？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Which one do you like the most?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.301-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"三つ[みっつ] の 大学[だいがく] の 中[なか] で、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どれ\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 行[い,いく]く か もう 決[き,きめる]めた？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Among the three universities, have you decided which one to go to?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.301-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...れ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...(そ)こ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...の\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"こ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此れ[!これ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此処[!ここ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此の[!この]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"そ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其れ[!それ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其処[!そこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n 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With \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どれ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the listener has to rely on context to figure out what they’re choosing from. When you use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どの\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" followed by a noun, you limit the choices to the items that belong to the group indicated by that noun.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どの 車[くるま]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"which car\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どの 花[はな]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"which flower\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どの 本[ほん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"which book\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"レンタカー なら、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どの\u003C\u002Fstrong> 車[くるま] が 一番[いちばん] 安[やす,やすい]い です か 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"For rental cars, which one is the cheapest?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.302-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どの\u003C\u002Fstrong> 本[ほん] を 買[か,かう]う か、まだ 決[き,きめる]めて い[,居る*いる]ない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I still haven’t decided which book to buy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.302-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you have the choice between only two options you can use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どちら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どっち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to ask for \\\"which.\\\"\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"コーヒー と 紅茶[こうちゃ]、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どっち\u003C\u002Fstrong> が いい[,良い*いい]？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Coffee or tea, which do you want?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.302-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"駅[えき] に 行[い,いく]く に は、バス と 電車[でんしゃ] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どちら\u003C\u002Fstrong> が 便利[べんり] です か 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Which is more convenient to get to the station, the bus or the train?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.302-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どっち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is simply the casual version of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どちら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", so there is nothing new to remember here. Yay!\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...れ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...(そ)こ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...の\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"...ちら\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"こ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此れ[!これ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此処[!ここ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"此の[!この]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"そ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其れ[!それ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其処[!そこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"其の[!その]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"あ...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼れ[!あれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼処[!あそこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼の[!あの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ど...\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何れ[!どれ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何処[!どこ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何の[!どの]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"何方[!どちら]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":4895,"title":4901,"mod":4902,"grammarPoint":4903,"grammarPointTitle":4904,"grammarPointDescription":4905,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4906,"similarGrammarPoints":4907,"tags":4913,"content":4909,"dependentGrammarPoints":4910,"language":22,"similarPoints":4914,"prereqPoints":4917},[23,17],[4915],{"id":4887,"title":4888,"mod":4889,"grammarPoint":4890,"grammarPointTitle":4891,"grammarPointDescription":4892,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4893,"similarGrammarPoints":4894,"tags":4916,"content":4897,"dependentGrammarPoints":4898,"language":22},[27,21],[4915],{"id":4919,"title":4920,"mod":4921,"grammarPoint":4922,"grammarPointTitle":4923,"grammarPointDescription":4924,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4925,"similarGrammarPoints":4926,"tags":4927,"content":4928,"dependentGrammarPoints":4929,"language":22,"similarPoints":4930,"prereqPoints":4931},20463397960244,"「に」(7) Indicate on what an action occurs",1769239114906,"ni-express-action-on-surface","[JLPT N5] 「に」 (ni) | Indicate \"On What\" an Action Occurs | Japanese Grammar","Marks the surface where an action happens, like writing on paper. Don’t confuse it with で, which shows where the action takes place, not onto.",[],[],[23,17,137,587],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「に」(7) Indicate on what an action occurs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Onto, on\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" indicates an action being done \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"on\"\n }), \" something, such as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"draw on paper\"\n }), \". In this usage \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is attached to the surface on which the action takes place.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 本[ほん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 書[か,かく]いて ある[,有る*ある] レシピ を 試[ため,ためす]して みたい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to try the recipe written in this book.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.303-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"その 箱[はこ] を 棚[たな] の 上[うえ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 置[お,おく]いて も いい[,良い*いい]？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Is it okay if I put that box on the top shelf?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.303-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Just be careful not to confuse it with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which marks the location where an action takes place. Compare the following.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] は 道[みち] に 絵[え] を 描[か,かく]いた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A child drew a picture on the street.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In this sentence, the child drew a picture on the surface of the street.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] は 道[みち] で 絵[え] を 描[か,かく]いた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A child drew a picture in the street.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here, on the other hand, the child drew a picture while in the street. Here it is not specified what the child drew the picture on.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"SurfaceにAction\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"道[みち] に 絵[え] を 描[か,かく]いた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":4933,"title":4934,"mod":4935,"grammarPoint":4936,"grammarPointTitle":4937,"grammarPointDescription":4938,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4939,"similarGrammarPoints":4940,"tags":4941,"content":4942,"dependentGrammarPoints":4943,"language":22,"similarPoints":4944,"prereqPoints":4945},20463397960245,"「～てある」”X is (in a state)\"",1769239157599,"tearu-something-current-state","[JLPT N4] 「～てある」 (tearu) | \"X Is (In a State)\" | Japanese Grammar","～てある can be used to describe a state resulting from an intentional action, often with transitive verbs, and how it differs from ～ている.",[],[],[1034,17,1998],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「～てある」”X is (in a state)\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Has been done\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be attached to the て-form of a verb to give it a special meaning. It’s used when expressing the state of an object that has changed as a result of an intentional action\u002Fintervention.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This combination is only used with other-moving verbs, like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"開[あ,あける]ける\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to open\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"消[け,けす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to erase\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"切[き,きる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to cut\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The general structure here is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> (は・が) \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> ～て ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" being the object that is in a new state after an action, and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" being the action that was done to it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"窓[まど] が 開[あ,あける]けて ある[,ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The window is open.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"玄関[げんかん] の 電気[でんき] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">消[け,けす]して ある[,有る*ある]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The light at the entrance has been turned off (on purpose).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.304-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another usage is when you want to say that, for some purpose, something has already been completed. In this case, the object takes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"!\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"窓[まど] を 開[あ,あける]けて ある[,ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) opened the window (for some specific reason)\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] に 明日[あした] 出[で,でる]る テスト の 内容[ないよう] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">確認[かくにん] し[,する]て ある[,ある]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。勉強[べんきょう] し[,する]て いい[,いい] 点[てん] を 取[と,とる]ろう ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I've) confirmed with the teacher the contents of the test being given tomorrow. (I'll) study and get good marks!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.304-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + ある\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"開[あ,あける]けて ある[,ある]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiMigachuToggle, {\n text: \"Advanced Content\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsxs(UiCardItem, {\n children: [_jsx(UiSvg, {\n raw: \"\u003Csvg 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x2=\\\"61.676\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".008\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".585\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003ClinearGradient id=\\\"Diamond_svg__g\\\" x1=\\\"52.269\\\" x2=\\\"80.492\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF0\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".583\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"What is the difference between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て いる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て ある\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"?\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"窓[まど] が 開[あ,あける]いて いる[,いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The window is open.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"窓[まど] が 開[あ,あける]けて ある[,ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The window is open.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The translation of both might be the same, but there is a slight difference in meaning. Using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て いる[,いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" just explains the situation without any implied meaning. Using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て ある[,ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", on the other hand, indicates that someone opened the window and it still is in this state. This means that it implies intent.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":4947,"title":4948,"mod":4949,"grammarPoint":4950,"grammarPointTitle":4951,"grammarPointDescription":4952,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4953,"similarGrammarPoints":4954,"tags":4955,"content":4956,"dependentGrammarPoints":4957,"language":22,"similarPoints":4958,"prereqPoints":4961},20463397960246,"「～ておく」Do something in advance",1765430270637,"teoku-do-something-advance","[JLPT N4] 「～ておく」 (teoku) | Do Something In Advance | Japanese Grammar","Use ～ておく to show doing something in advance or leaving it as is for convenience; often shortened to ～とく／～どく in casual speech.",[],[4933],[1034,17,1998],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「～ておく」Do something in advance\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Do something in advance\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's now discuss the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て おく[,おく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" construct, which involves attaching a verb to the て-form of another verb. The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おく[,おく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to place\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to put\"\n }), \", and when it's attached to the て-form of another verb, it implies that something has been done in advance for future convenience.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"台風[たいふう] が 来[く,くる]る らしい から、水[みず] を 多[おお,おおい]め に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">買[か,かう]って お[,置く*おく]いた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I bought extra water ahead of time because a typhoon is coming.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.305-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In casual speech, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て おく[,おく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is often contracted to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～とく\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～どく\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べて おく[,おく]　→　食[た,たべる]べとく\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Eat → Eat\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"読[よ,よむ]んで おく[,おく]　→　読[よ,よむ]んどく\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Read → Read\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"明日[あした] の 会議[かいぎ] まで に、この 資料[しりょう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">読[よ,よむ]ん ど[,置く*おく]く ね\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’ll read these materials by tomorrow’s meeting.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.305-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This construct can also be used to express the idea of letting someone or something remain in a particular state. This is achieved by combining the causative form of a verb, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"させる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て おく[,おく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"子供[こども] たち は 疲[つか,つかれる]れて いる[,いる] から 、しばらく \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">寝[ね,ねる]させて お[,おく]こう\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Since the children are tired, let's let them sleep for a while.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.305-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + おく\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"開[あ,あける]けて おく[,おく]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[4959],{"id":4933,"title":4934,"mod":4935,"grammarPoint":4936,"grammarPointTitle":4937,"grammarPointDescription":4938,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4939,"similarGrammarPoints":4940,"tags":4960,"content":4942,"dependentGrammarPoints":4943,"language":22},[52,21,1898],[],{"id":4963,"title":4964,"mod":4965,"grammarPoint":4966,"grammarPointTitle":4967,"grammarPointDescription":4968,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4969,"similarGrammarPoints":4970,"tags":4971,"content":4972,"dependentGrammarPoints":4973,"language":22,"similarPoints":4974,"prereqPoints":4975},20463397960247,"「のに」(1) Something is contrary to expectations",1769239230050,"noni-something-contrary-what-one-would-expect","[JLPT N4] 「のに」 (noni) | Indicate That Something Is Contrary to Expectations | Japanese Grammar","Expresses disappointment or frustration when something unexpected happens despite a certain situation, using the grammar pattern A のに B.",[],[882],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「のに」(1) Something is contrary to expectations\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Although, despite, even though, and yet\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This is one of those really useful grammar points, as it can be used rather frequently to express emotion. The meaning is that something happened that was contrary to the expected outcome which leaves you kinda bummed.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the general structure of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> のに \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" is something contrary to expectation given \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お 金[かえ] が ない \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">のに\u003C\u002Fstrong>、また ゲーム を 買[か,かう]って しま[,しまう]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Although I don’t have money, I ended up buying another game.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.306-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] は 約束[やくそく] し[,する]た \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">のに\u003C\u002Fstrong>、連絡[れんらく] を くれ[,くれる]なかった 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Although he promised, he didn’t contact me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.306-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In casual speech, what follows \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"のに\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is often omitted, and the unexpected result is just implied.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"俺[おれ] も 、お前[おまえ] の 実家[じっか] に 行[い,いく]って み[,みる]たかった \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">のに\u003C\u002Fstrong> ・・・\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I also wanted to go to your parent's house...(but it's just not possible).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.306-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is important to note that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"のに\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a speaker-oriented construction and cannot be used when the clause following it is a question, suggestion, request, or command.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 本[ほん] は 難[むずか,むずかしい]しい のに 読[よ,よむ]んで み[,みる]て ください 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This book is difficult, but please try and read it.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In cases like this, you can use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"けれども\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"けれど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"けども\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"けど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 本[ほん] は 難[むずか,むずかしい]しい けど 読[よ,よむ]んで み[,みる]て ください 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This book is difficult, but please try and read it.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + のに\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる のに ・ 食[た,たべる]べた のに\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + のに\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い のに ・ 高[たか,たかい]かった のに\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + なのに\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静か[しずか] な のに ・ 静か[しずか] だった のに\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + なのに\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] な のに ・ 学生[がくせい] だった のに\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"SituationのにUnexpected-Result\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"勉強[べんきょう] し[,する]て る[,いる] のに、数学[すうがく] が 全然[ぜんぜん] 分[わ,わかる]からない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[934],[],{"id":4977,"title":4978,"mod":4979,"grammarPoint":4980,"grammarPointTitle":4981,"grammarPointDescription":4982,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4983,"similarGrammarPoints":4984,"tags":4985,"content":4986,"dependentGrammarPoints":4987,"language":22,"similarPoints":4988,"prereqPoints":4989},20463397960248,"「せっかく」”Since we’re (in a rare situation)\"",1769239260066,"sekkaku-when-you-have-rare-chance","[JLPT N2] 「せっかく」 (sekkaku) | ”Since We’re (In a Rare Situation)\" | Japanese Grammar","Used to show appreciation for effort or a rare chance, せっかく expresses regret when wasted or gratitude when accepted. 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stop-color=\\\"#FF0\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".583\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In formal speech, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"せっかく です が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"appreciate your offer, but\"\n }), \" can be used to decline someone's offer, or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"せっかく だ から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"\\nbecause it is troublesome\"\n }), \" can be used to accept it. Keep in mind that these phrases are difficult to translate, and should just give you a rough idea as to what these phrases express.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">せっかくですが\u003C\u002Fstrong>、この日はすでに予定があり、参加がかないません。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I appreciate your most kind offer, but I already have plans for this day and will not be able to attend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.307-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：今日、いっぱい酒買ってきたんだ。一杯どうだ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">せっかくだから\u003C\u002Fstrong>、頂くよ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: I bought a lot of alcohol today. Would you like a drink? \u003Cbr> B: Since you've gone to all the trouble, I'll have one!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.307-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":4991,"title":4992,"mod":4993,"grammarPoint":4994,"grammarPointTitle":4995,"grammarPointDescription":4996,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4997,"similarGrammarPoints":4998,"tags":4999,"content":5000,"dependentGrammarPoints":5001,"language":22,"similarPoints":5002,"prereqPoints":5003},20463397960249,"「目」Indicate the order of something",1769239313383,"me-show-order","[JLPT N5] 「目」 (me) | Indicate the Order of SOm | Japanese Grammar","Learn how to use the suffix 目(め) with counters to form ordinal numbers like \"first\" or \"second\" in Japanese, as in “first time” or “second row.”",[3324],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「目」Indicate the order of something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"first, second, third, nth\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The kanji \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"目[め]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used as a suffix and attached to counters to turn it into an ordinal number noun phrase. An ordinal number simply indicates the order of a sequence, e.g. \\\"first\\\". This construct is used to create noun phrases with an ordinal number, e.g. \\\"first page.\\\" All you have to do is take your counter of choice and attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"目[め]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to it and you're good to go.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"コーヒー の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">２杯[にはい,杯*はい] 目[め]\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 無料[むりょう] な ん です か ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Is the second cup of coffee free?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.308-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">２列[にれつ,列*れつ] 目[め]\u003C\u002Fstrong> の 奴[やつ] 、前[まえ] へ 進[すす,すすめる]め ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The guy in the second row, move forward!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.308-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Counter + 目\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"一回[いっかい] 目[め]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3342],{"id":5005,"title":5006,"mod":5007,"grammarPoint":5008,"grammarPointTitle":5009,"grammarPointDescription":5010,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5011,"similarGrammarPoints":5012,"tags":5013,"content":5014,"dependentGrammarPoints":5015,"language":22,"similarPoints":5016,"prereqPoints":5017},20463397960250,"How to describe locations",1765770841958,"how-describe-locations","[JLPT N4] | How to Describe Locations | Japanese Grammar","Learn key structures and words to describe where things are in Japanese, including directions, positions, and how to say where something is relative to something else.",[608,2439],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiImage, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiImage) _missingMdxReference(\"UiImage\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"How to describe locations\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Describing the location or direction of something is a valuable skill in language learning. In our previous lessons, we learned all the necessary grammar points for describing the location of things, and now it's time to introduce you to the necessary vocabulary and some basic structures that you will encounter frequently.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here are some of the most important words in Japanese used to describe locations and directions:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002FLocation.webp\",\n alt: \"Location words in Japanese\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The most basic way to describe the location of something is to use the following structure.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">DirectionにBeing・Objectが いる ・ ある\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">横[よこ] に 牛[うし] が い[,居る*いる]て\u003C\u002Fstrong> ビックリ し[,する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There was a cow to (my) side and (I) was surprised (by it).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.309-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Remember that living things use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いる[,いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" while non-living things take \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to denote existence.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Another way to describe the location of something is in relation to something else using this structure:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">ObjectのDirectionにBeing・Objectが いる ・ ある\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"テーブル の 下[した] に 猫[ねこ] が いる[,いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There is a cat under the table.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.309-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"家[いえ] の 前[まえ] に 銀行[ぎんこう] が ある[,ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There is bank in front of the house.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.309-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"母[はは] の 隣[となり] に 大[おお]きな 蜘蛛[くも] が いる[,いる] ！！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There is a big spider next to (my) mother!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.309-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To explain that something is in a certain place after you go somewhere, this general structure is used:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">PlaceをDirectionに 曲[ま,まがる]がった 所[ところ] に ある[,ある] ・ いる[,いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 公園[こうえん] は 、パン屋[ぱんや] を 右[みぎ] に 曲[ま,まがる]がった 所[ところ] に ある[,ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This park is located after turning right at the bakery. \u003Cbr> (Literally: This park is, at the place after turning right at the bakery)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.309-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"から\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used when the place it is attached to is the starting point.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">山[やま] から\u003C\u002Fstrong> 左下[ひだりした] に 見[み,みえる]えて いる[,いる] の は 海[うみ] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What can be seen from this mountain to the bottom left is the ocean.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.309-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本語[にほんご] は 、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">右[みぎ] から\u003C\u002Fstrong> 始[はじ,はじまる]まって 縦[たて] に 書[か,かく]かれて いる[,いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Japanese is written vertically, starting from the right.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.309-7-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 5\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"目[め]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", when used to show order, can also be used to describe a location, such as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the second from behind\"\n }), \", or similar sentences. The general structure here is:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">DirectionからOrder\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">前[まえ] から 2番[にばん,番*ばん] 目[め]\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 座[すわ,すわる]って いる[,いる] 人[ひと] は 、私[わたし] の 祖母[そぼ] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The person sitting second from the front is my grandmother.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.309-8-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"DirectionにBeing・Objectがいる・ある\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"前[まえ] に 犬[いぬ] が いる[,いる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"ObjectのDirectionにBeing・Objectがいる・ある\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"犬[いぬ] の 前[まえ] に 私[わたし] が いる[,いる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"PlaceをDirectionに曲がった所にある・いる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"家[いえ] を 右[みぎ] に 曲[ま,まがる]がった 所[ところ] に ある[,ある]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"DirectionからOrder\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"後ろ[うしろ] から ２番[にばん,番*ばん] 目[め]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[2457,2572],{"id":5019,"title":5020,"mod":5021,"grammarPoint":5022,"grammarPointTitle":5023,"grammarPointDescription":5024,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5025,"similarGrammarPoints":5026,"tags":5027,"content":5028,"dependentGrammarPoints":5029,"language":22,"similarPoints":5030,"prereqPoints":5031},20463397960251,"“Self-moving” and “other-moving” verbs",1769239379366,"self-moving-and-other-moving-verbs","[JLPT N4] | Self-Moving And Other-Moving Verbs | Japanese Grammar","Learn to tell apart transitive (他動詞) and intransitive (自動詞) verbs in Japanese, how they affect particles like を and が, and why it matters for sentence structure.",[457,465,466],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTableRowHeader, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"“Self-moving” and “other-moving” verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Transitive and intransitive verbs - those are words that you don’t hear too often and frankly, even though they are used, many people have a hard time remembering them. This is one of those cases where the Japanese names are just much easier than the English counterpart. The Japanese words for them are \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"他動詞[!たどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自動詞[!じどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which can be directly translated as other-moving verb and self-moving verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To take out \u003Cbr> [Other-Moving]\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"出[で,でる]る\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To go out \u003Cbr> [Self-Moving]\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"By \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"take out\"\n }), \" we mean to extract or pull something out of something else. By \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"go out\"\n }), \" we mean to exit or remove oneself from a given location. See the examples below.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"母[はは] は 卵[たまご] を 箱[はこ] から \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">出[だ,だす]して\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、料理[りょうり] し[,する] 始[はじ,はじめる]めた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) mother took the eggs out of the box and began to cooking them.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.310-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"箱[はこ] から 鳩[はと] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">出[で,でる]て\u003C\u002Fstrong> き[,くる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A pigeon came out of the box.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.310-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, the other-moving word is in the first sentence. So why other-moving? Because the egg is the object and someone is doing the \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"taking out\"\n }), \". Or put differently, an entity \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"other\"\n }), \" than the egg is doing the moving, hence \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"other\"\n }), \"-moving.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"By contrast, the action of the self-moving verb only involves the subject; they explicitly do \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"not\"\n }), \" act on objects. You can see this is true because you can remove all objects in a sentence and have it still make sense if the verb is self-moving. See below.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"鳩[はと] が 出[で,でる]て き[,くる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A pigeon came out.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Other examples of self-moving in English are \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the door closed\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the plane flew\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the flower bloomed\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"寒[さむ,さむい]く な[成る*なる]って き[,来る*くる]た の で、暖炉[だんろ] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">火[ひ] を 点[つ,つける]けた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It’s getting cold, so I lit the fireplace.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.310-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先週[せんしゅう] 買[か,かう]った ばかり の 携帯電話[けいたいでんわ] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">火[ひ] が 点[つ,つく]いて\u003C\u002Fstrong> 壊[こわ,こわれる]れた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The cell phone, which (I) just bought last week, caught fire and broke.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.310-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Knowing which word is other- or self-moving has influence on which particle has to be used with it, as you can see in the examples above.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"With other-moving verbs, the object that is being acted upon is marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and the entity that does the action is often marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"母[はは] が 卵[たまご] を 出[だ,だす]す 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mother takes out the eggs. \u003Cbr> [Other-Moving]\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"With self-moving verbs on the other hand, the entity that does an action is marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"が\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", while there is no direct object marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"を\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"箱[はこ] から 鳩[はと] が 出[で,でる]る 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A dove comes out of the box. \u003Cbr> [Self-Moving]\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can either look it up, or rely on absorbing it through enough contact with the language, which works quite well, I might add.\\nBe aware that in Japanese-English dictionaries you will still find the terms transitive and intransitive to mark verbs as such. In Japanese-Japanese dictionaries these words are often marked with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"他[た]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自[じ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which makes them easily recognizable.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here are some more examples of other-moving and self-moving verbs in Japanese.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Other-moving\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Self-moving\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"落[お,おとす]とす\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to drop\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"落[お,おちる]ちる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to fall\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to take out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to come out; to leave\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"入[い,いれる]れる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to insert\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"入[はい,はいる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to enter\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"開[あ,あける]ける\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to open\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"開[あ,あく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to open\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"閉[し,しめる]める\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to close\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"閉[し,しまる]まる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to close\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"付[つ,つける]ける\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to attach\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"付[つ,つく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be attached\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"消[け,けす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to erase\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"消[き,きえる]える\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to disappear\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"抜[ぬ,ぬく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to extract\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n 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stop-color=\\\"#FF0\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".583\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As always, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"the advanced content section will introduce topics that are not necessary for learning Japanese\"\n }), \" but may be interesting, clarify certain points further, answer some questions you may have, or simply delve deeper than what has already been discussed. The next section is rather advanced, and most native speakers probably wouldn’t be able to explain all of this; but because that’s how we roll at Migaku, let’s dive in anyway.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"We will cover quite a bit here, so let’s look at the topics first.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"upper-latin\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another way to think about self- and other-moving verbs\", _jsx(\"br\", {})]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Exceptions to self-moving verbs\", _jsx(\"br\", {})]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are more than two groups\", _jsx(\"br\", {})]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"A)\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Another way to think about self- and other-moving verbs\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Besides what we mentioned at the beginning of the lesson, there is another way to look at self- and other-moving verbs that can help you view them in a different light:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"nature focus\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自然中心[!しぜんちゅうしん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nversus \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"human focus\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"人間中心[!にんげんちゅうしん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") \", _jsx(\"br\", {})]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Below, you can see two examples that show a self- and other-moving pair of verbs. You might realize that with these kinds of self-\u002Fother-moving pairs, the self-moving verb describes the occurrence of a phenomenon, while the other-moving verb describes a human causing a phenomenon. This is what is meant by a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"nature focus\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"self-moving\"\n }), \") versus a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"human focus\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"other-moving\"\n }), \").\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"電気[でんき] が 消[き,きえる]える 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The light goes out.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] が 電気[でんき] を 消[け,けす]す 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He turns off the light.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To further refine this, when a phenomenon occurs, some kind of change will take place. Thus, self-moving verbs express a change, while other-moving verbs express an action that causes that change.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In other words, when describing a phenomenon, if the focus is on the change (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"変化[へんか]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"), a self-moving verb is used; if the focus is on the action (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"動作[どうさ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"), an other-moving verb is used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B)\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Exceptions to self-moving verbs\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In the beginning of this lesson, I mentioned that when other-moving verbs are used, there is an object that is being acted upon, and it is marked by を. This is not the case for self-moving verbs.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Well, this is not 100% true. Liar liar, pants on fire.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let me explain.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Although it is true that self-moving verbs do not require an object, the presence or absence of a noun marked by を is no surefire way to determine whether a verb is self- or other-moving.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are two situations in which a sentence will contain a noun marked by を, while the verb being used is still self-moving. These two exceptions specifically apply to the so-called verbs of movement (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"移動動詞[!いどうどうし]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \").\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Case 1: Moving through\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"通過点[!つうかてん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \")\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Verbs like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"歩[ある,あるく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"走[はし,はしる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"通[とお,とおる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]ぶ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are all classified as self-moving verbs, but they often occur with a noun marked by を. In this case, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"the marked noun does not represent a direct object being acted upon\"\n }), \", but rather a space through or upon which someone or something moves. In the following example, the person is walking through the park.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] が 公園[こうえん] を 歩[ある,あるく]く 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He walks through the park.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Case 2: Starting point\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"起点[!きてん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \")\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Verbs like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出発[しゅっぱつ] する\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"離[はな,はなれる]れる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛び立[とびた,とびたつ]つ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are all classified as self-moving, but they can also appear in sentences that include a noun marked by を. In this case, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"the を does not mark an object being acted upon\"\n }), \"; rather, it indicates the starting point of an action. In the example below, the house is not the direct object, but the starting point of his departure.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] が 家[いえ] を 出[で,でる]る 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He leaves the house.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"C)\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"There are more than two groups\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The two groups we have used so far are more than enough—there’s no need to know more. However, if we want to be really specific, in actuality, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Japanese verbs can be divided into four groups\"\n }), \". This grouping might help you in cases where you have a self- or other-moving verb but can’t find its pair. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nThis may be because there is no pair, as the self-\u002Fother-moving verb pairs we have shown so far are just one of the four groups. They are the largest group, but not the only one.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's take a look at the rest:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"1) Self-other-moving pairs (\"\n }), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">自他[じた] の ペア\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"):\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nThese are the verbs we have shown you so far. They use the same kanji with only a slight change in the okurigana (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"送り仮名[おくりがな]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \").\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Examples include \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"落[お,おとす]とす\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to drop\"\n }), \" versus \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"落[お,おちる]ちる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to fall\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to put out\"\n }), \" versus \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go out\"\n }), \". Out of the four groups, this one is the largest.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"2) Pairless self-moving (\"\n }), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">無対[むたい] 自動詞[じどうし]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"):\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nThese are verbs that exist only as self-moving verbs and do not have an other-moving partner.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Examples include \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"茂[しげ,しげる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to grow thickly\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"死[し,しぬ]ぬ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to die\"\n }), \". For both, there is no other-moving partner that uses the same kanji. What stands out with these verbs is that they often describe a phenomenon or change that occurs naturally, without human interference being necessary.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"3) Pairless other-moving (\"\n }), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">無対[むたい] 他動詞[たどうし]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"):\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nThis group of verbs is the opposite of the last one: they are all other-moving verbs and have no self-moving partner.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Examples include \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"叩[たた,たたく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to knock\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"読[よ,よむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to read\"\n }), \". Similar to our last group, there is a common trend: they all focus on actions directed toward something, without causing any change. One could argue that they do cause a change, but generally, when knocking on a door, the door remains unchanged. Similarly, when reading a book and then putting it down, the act of reading does not cause any physical change to the book.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"4) Self-other-moving verbs (\"\n }), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">自他動詞[じたどうし]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"):\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nOur final group consists of verbs that can be used both as self-moving verbs and as other-moving verbs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"An example is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"実現[じつげん] する\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be realized\"\n }), \". You can look at the table below to see it used in an example sentence. What these words share is that they are all two-kanji compound nouns followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", derived from Chinese. In Chinese, there is no differentiation between self- and other-moving verbs, which explains why these words can be used in both ways.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Group\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Self-moving\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Other-moving\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"1\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"電気[でんき] が 消[き,きえる]える\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"電気[でんき] を 消[け,けす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"2\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"木[き] が 茂[しげ,しげる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"(\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"木[き] を 茂[しげ,しげる]らせる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \")\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"3\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"(\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"本[ほん] が 読[よ,よむ]まれる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \")\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"本[ほん] を 読[よ,よむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"4\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"夢[ゆめ] が 実現[じつげん] する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼[かれ] が 夢[ゆめ] を 実現[じつげん] する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you look at the table above carefully, you can see that groups \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"2\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"3\"\n }), \" still have entries in the other- and self-moving fields, but they are written in brackets. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nThis is because the causative (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"使役形[しえきけい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") and receptive (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"受身形[うけみけい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") forms can be used to create the other- and self-moving equivalents of these verbs, which do not normally exist.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[502,476,487],{"id":5033,"title":5034,"mod":5035,"grammarPoint":5036,"grammarPointTitle":5037,"grammarPointDescription":5038,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5039,"similarGrammarPoints":5040,"tags":5041,"content":5042,"dependentGrammarPoints":5043,"language":22,"similarPoints":5044,"prereqPoints":5045},20463397960252,"「のに」(2) “In order to X\"",1769239393390,"noni-in-order-do-something","[JLPT N3] 「のに」 (noni) | \"In Order to X\" | Japanese Grammar","Used after verbs, のに means \"in order to\" or \"for the purpose of\" and often appears before phrases like \"necessary\" or \"used.\"",[1136,1277],[],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「のに」(2) “In order to X\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"In order to, for the purpose of\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This is a different use of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which can sometimes be confusing at first. However, it is simply the nominalizing \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" combined with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in order to do\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"for the purpose of\"\n }), \", but instead of preceding the reason, e.g. \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in order to \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \", it comes after, e.g. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> の に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] の 夜ご飯[よるごはん] を 作[つく,つくる]る \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">のに\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、卵[たまご] と 肉[にく] が 必要[ひつよう] だ 。今[いま] から 店[みせ] に 買[か,かう]い に 行[い,いく]こう 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Eggs and meat are needed to make today's dinner. (I'll) go buy them at the store now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.311-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's do a literal breakdown. First, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" nominalizes the phrase \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"今日[きょう] の 夜ご飯[よるごはん] を 作[つく,つくる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" which becomes \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the making of today's dinner\"\n }), \" followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"for the purpose of\"\n }), \", followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"卵[たまご] と 肉[にく] が 必要[ひつよう] だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"eggs and meat is needed\"\n }), \". Putting it all together we have: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"For the purpose of making today's dinner, eggs and meat are needed.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 書類[しょるい] を 整理[せいり] する[,為る*する] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">のに\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、３日間[みっかかん,三日間*みっかかん] も 掛[か,かかる]かった よ 。箱[はこ] に 書類[しょるい] を 入[い,いれる]れて 運[はこ,はこぶ]んで い[,いる]たら 、転[ころ,ころぶ]んで 大変[たいへん] な 事[こと] に なっ[,なる]た よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Organizing these documents took 3 whole days. (I) put the documents in a box and was carrying (them) and fell, and (found myself in) a tough situation.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.311-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + のに\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる の に ・ 食[た,たべる]べた の に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n 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The expressions that follow \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are limited to phrases like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"使[つか,つかう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"use\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"必要[ひつよう] だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"necessary\"\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"不可欠[ふかけつ] だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"indispensable\"\n }), \". 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_jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[5061,5072],{"id":5055,"title":5062,"mod":5063,"grammarPoint":5064,"grammarPointTitle":5065,"grammarPointDescription":5066,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5067,"similarGrammarPoints":5068,"tags":5069,"content":5070,"dependentGrammarPoints":5071,"language":22},"「ならない」Prohibit someone from doing something",1769239449967,"naranai-prohibit-something-stronger","[JLPT N5] 「ならない」 (naranai) | Prohibit Someone From Doing Something | Japanese Grammar","Used to express prohibition or moral obligation, ～てはならない means “must not do” and is formed by adding はならない to a verb in て-form.",[],[5047,5056],[27,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ならない」Prohibit someone from doing something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Must not do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て は ならない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to prohibit someone from doing something. 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\"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なら[,なる]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to express that something is required or necessary based on social norms or the inherent nature of the thing in question. 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Something just \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"becomes\"\n }), \" something, and there is no changing that fact.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"On the other hand, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いけ[,いく]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to indicate that a specific action is required or necessary due to particular circumstances.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":5056,"title":5073,"mod":5074,"grammarPoint":5075,"grammarPointTitle":5076,"grammarPointDescription":5077,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5078,"similarGrammarPoints":5079,"tags":5080,"content":5081,"dependentGrammarPoints":5082,"language":22},"「だめ」Casually prohibit something",1769239479953,"dame-prohibit-something-casually","[JLPT N3] 「だめ」 (dame) | Casually Prohibit Something | Japanese Grammar","Use ～てはダメ after a verb in て-form to say someone must not do something. It's a casual way to prohibit actions, like \"don’t\" or \"shouldn’t.\"",[],[5047,5055],[83,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「だめ」Casually prohibit something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Must not do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て は ダメ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to prohibit someone from doing something. To form it, take a verb in its て-form and add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は ダメ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"must not do\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"should not\"\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"ought not to\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The main difference being \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いけない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ならない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だめ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is that the latter is a more casual way to prohibit someone from doing something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"知[し,しる]らない 人[ひと] の 車[くるま] に 絶対[ぜったい] 乗[の,のる]って は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だめ\u003C\u002Fstrong> だ よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Never get into a car of someone (you) don't know.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.314-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"川[かわ] へ 一人[ひとり] で 行[い,いく]って は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ダメ\u003C\u002Fstrong> よ 。滑[すべ,すべる]る から 危[あぶ,あぶない]ない よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don't go to the river alone. It's slippery so it's dangerous.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.314-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + はだめ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べて は だめ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":5055,"title":5062,"mod":5063,"grammarPoint":5064,"grammarPointTitle":5065,"grammarPointDescription":5066,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5067,"similarGrammarPoints":5068,"tags":5085,"content":5070,"dependentGrammarPoints":5071,"language":22,"similarPoints":5086,"prereqPoints":5089},[23,17],[5087,5072],{"id":5047,"title":5048,"mod":5049,"grammarPoint":5050,"grammarPointTitle":5051,"grammarPointDescription":5052,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5053,"similarGrammarPoints":5054,"tags":5088,"content":5058,"dependentGrammarPoints":5059,"language":22},[27,21],[],{"id":5056,"title":5073,"mod":5074,"grammarPoint":5075,"grammarPointTitle":5076,"grammarPointDescription":5077,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5078,"similarGrammarPoints":5079,"tags":5091,"content":5081,"dependentGrammarPoints":5082,"language":22,"similarPoints":5092,"prereqPoints":5093},[1054,17],[5087,5061],[],{"id":5095,"title":5096,"mod":5097,"grammarPoint":5098,"grammarPointTitle":5099,"grammarPointDescription":5100,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5101,"similarGrammarPoints":5102,"tags":5103,"content":5104,"dependentGrammarPoints":5105,"language":22,"similarPoints":5106,"prereqPoints":5107},20463397960256,"「ちゃ・じゃ」Casual abbreviations of ては・では",1769239565717,"cha-ja-casual-abbreviation-for-teha-deha","[JLPT N5] 「ちゃ・じゃ」 (cha・ja) | Casual Abbreviations Of ては・では | Japanese Grammar","Casual contractions of ては and では into ちゃ and じゃ, often used with negatives like いけない, だめ, and ならない to express prohibition.",[5047,5055,5056],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ちゃ・じゃ」Casual abbreviations of ては・では\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Abbreviation of ては・では\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In casual speech, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～で は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are often contracted to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちゃ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". After contraction, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いけ[,いく]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なら[,なる]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だめ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can simply be attached.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Which of the two (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちゃ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") is used depends on the verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Verbs that end in て\"\n }), \" in their て-form turn into ちゃ when は is attached and contracted\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Verbs that end in で\"\n }), \" in their て-form turn into じゃ when は is attached and contracted\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"て-form + は\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Abbreviation\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"take out\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]しては\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[だ,だす]しちゃ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"write\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]いては\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"書[か,かく]いちゃ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]ぐ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"swim\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]いでは\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"泳[およ,およぐ]いじゃ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]ぶ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"fly\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]んでは\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛[と,とぶ]んじゃ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"起[お,おきる]きる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"wake up\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"起[お,おきる]きては\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"起[お,おきる]きちゃ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"eat\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べては\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べちゃ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"薬[くすり] と 一緒[いっしょ] に グレープフルーツ は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べちゃ\u003C\u002Fstrong> ダメ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You shouldn’t eat grapefruit with this medicine.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.315-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 川[かわ] は 流[なが,ながれ]れ が 速[はや,はやい]い から、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">泳[およ,およぐ]いじゃ\u003C\u002Fstrong> いけない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The current is fast, so you mustn’t swim in this river.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.315-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The same is happening with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is a contraction of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で は ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[5087,5061,5072],{"id":5109,"title":5110,"mod":5111,"grammarPoint":5112,"grammarPointTitle":5113,"grammarPointDescription":5114,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5115,"similarGrammarPoints":5116,"tags":5117,"content":5123,"dependentGrammarPoints":5124,"language":22,"similarPoints":5125,"prereqPoints":5126},20463397960257,"「ちまう・じまう」Casual abbreviations of てしまう",1769239558050,"chimau-jimau-finish-doing-something","[JLPT N4] 「ちまう・じまう」 (chimau・jimau) | Casual Abbreviations of てしまう | Japanese Grammar","ちまう and じまう are casual contractions of 〜てしまう showing something is done completely, accidentally, or without meaning to—often with emotional or unintended nuance.",[2101],[],[1034,17,5118],{"id":5119,"title":5120,"description":5121,"slug":5122,"language":22},"1741861179136","Spoken Language","Grammar point is mainly used in spoken language","japanese-spoken-language","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ちまう・じまう」Casual abbreviations of てしまう\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"To do completely, to do accidentally, to do without meaning to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちまう・じまう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are often used in spoken Japanese, with the same meaning as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しまう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"What is happening here is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て しまう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is being contracted to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちまう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じまう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", depending on which verb it is used with.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Verbs that end in て\"\n }), \" in their て-form turn into \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちまう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" when contracted\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Verbs that end in で\"\n }), \" in their て-form turn into \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じまう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" when contracted\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる　→　食[た,たべる]べて しまう　→　食[た,たべる]べちまう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"eat → eat completely → eat completely\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"呼[よ,よぶ]ぶ　→　呼[よ,よぶ]んで しまう　→　呼[よ,よぶ]んじまう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"call → call accidentally → call accidentally\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"風邪[かぜ] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">引[ひ,ひく]いちまう\u003C\u002Fstrong> から 、暖[あった,あったかい]かい 服[ふく] 着[き,きる]て 寝[ね,ねる]ろ よ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(You'll) end up catching a cold, so put on warm clothes before (you) sleep!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1591.316-1-AI9.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"おら、 この まま だ と 、出血[しゅっけつ] し[,する] 過[す]ぎて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">死[し,しぬ]んじまう\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If (I) stay this way, (I) will end up dying from bleeding too much.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.316-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Note that although this word can imply that something bad happened, it's not always the case. The core meaning is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to finish\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to complete\"\n }), \" something. Whether they have a negative connotation or not depends on the context.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"すっかり 話[はな,はなす]しちまおう 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's talk thoroughly.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちまう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じまう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" conjugate like u-verbs.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[3698],{"id":5128,"title":5129,"mod":5130,"grammarPoint":5131,"grammarPointTitle":5132,"grammarPointDescription":5133,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5134,"similarGrammarPoints":5135,"tags":5136,"content":5137,"dependentGrammarPoints":5138,"language":22,"similarPoints":5139,"prereqPoints":5142},20463397960258,"「ちゃう・じゃう」Casual abbreviations of てしまう",1769239591450,"chau-jau-finish-doing-something","[JLPT N4] 「ちゃう・じゃう」 (chau・jau) | Casual Abbreviations of てしまう | Japanese Grammar","Expresses casual, spoken contractions of 〜てしまう and 〜でしまう into ちゃう and じゃう, meaning to do something completely or unintentionally.",[5109],[2101,5109],[1034,17,5118,2614],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ちゃう・じゃう」Casual abbreviations of てしまう\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"To do completely, to do accidentally, to do without meaning to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちゃう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is similar to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちまう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じまう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in that they indicate the completion of an action. However, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちゃう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are more casual and commonly used in spoken language.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"What is happening here is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て しまう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is being contracted to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちゃう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", depending on which verb it is used with.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Verbs that end in て\"\n }), \" in their て-form turn into \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちゃう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" when contracted\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Verbs that end in で\"\n }), \" in their て-form turn into \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" when contracted\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる　→　食[た,たべる]べて しまう　→　食[た,たべる]べちゃう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to eat → to eat completely → to eat completely\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"呼[よ,よぶ]ぶ　→　呼[よ,よぶ]んで しまう　→　呼[よ,よぶ]んじゃう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to call → to call completely → to call accidentally\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ケーキ、もう \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べちゃった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I already ate the cake (I couldn't wait).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.317-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 勉強[べんきょう] する[,為る*する] つもり だった のに、ゲーム で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">遊[あそ,あそぶ]んじゃった\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I meant to study today, but I ended up playing games.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.317-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Note that although this is one usage, the words do not necessarily imply that something bad happened. They just mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to finish\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to complete\"\n }), \" something. Whether they have a negative connotation or not depends on the context.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：プール の 周[まわ]り を 綺麗[きれい] に し[,する]て いる[,いる] 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：それ 終[お,おわる]わったら 、プール で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">泳[およ,およぐ]いじゃおう\u003C\u002Fstrong> よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: (I'm) cleaning up around the pool. \u003Cbr> B: After (you) finished that, let's swim in the pool.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.317-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちゃう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" conjugate like u-verbs.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[3698,5140],{"id":5109,"title":5110,"mod":5111,"grammarPoint":5112,"grammarPointTitle":5113,"grammarPointDescription":5114,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5115,"similarGrammarPoints":5116,"tags":5141,"content":5123,"dependentGrammarPoints":5124,"language":22},[52,21,5122],[5140],{"id":5144,"title":5145,"mod":5146,"grammarPoint":5147,"grammarPointTitle":5148,"grammarPointDescription":5149,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5150,"similarGrammarPoints":5151,"tags":5152,"content":5153,"dependentGrammarPoints":5154,"language":22,"similarPoints":5155,"prereqPoints":5156},20463397960259,"「なくては」”Can’t Y Without X\"",1769239776541,"nakuteha-something-necessary","[JLPT N4] 「なくては」 (nakuteha) | \"Can't Y Unless X\" | Japanese Grammar","なくては can be used to express \"you must do A or B won’t happen.\" It is used with verbs, adjectives, or nouns to express necessity or undesirable outcomes if A doesn't occur.",[],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「なくては」”Can’t Y Without X\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Without A, B is impossible\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the て-form is followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it creates a supposition, usually with an undesirable outcome, e.g. \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"If I don't study, I will fail.\"\n }), \" Typically a negative て-form is used, but the affirmative is possible too. Furthermore, this construct can be used with nouns, な-adjectives, い-adjectives, and verbs, which leads to many structural possiblities:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"without \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">X\u003C\u002Fstrong>, then \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">Y\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"X\"\n }), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"でなくて は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Y\"\n }), \" (nouns and な-adjectives)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"X\"\n }), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくて は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Y\"\n }), \" (verbs and い-adjectives)\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">X\u003C\u002Fstrong>, then \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">Y\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"X\"\n }), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Y\"\n }), \" (nouns and な-adjectives)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"X\"\n }), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"て は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Y\"\n }), \" (verbs)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"X\"\n }), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くて は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Y\"\n }), \" (い-adjectives)\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When attached to nouns or な-adjectives, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で なくて は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静か[しずか]　→　静か[しずか] で なくて は\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Without being quiet\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] は 凄[すご,すごい]く 綺麗好[きれいず]き だ から 、結婚[けっこん] する[,する] 人[ひと] も 綺麗好[きれいず]き \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">でなくて は\u003C\u002Fstrong> 結婚[けっこん] でき[,できる]ない だろう な 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She's someone that extremely likes cleanliness, so the person (she) marries has to be someone that really likes cleanliness too, or (she) probably won't be able to marry (them).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.318-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used with verbs or い-adjectives, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"て は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くて は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are possible for the affirmative, whereas \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくて は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used for the negative.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"安[やす,やすい]い　→　安[やす,やすい]くなくて は\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Without being cheap\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"死体[したい] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">隠[かく,かくす]さなくて は\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、誰[だれ] か に 見[み,みつかる]つかって しまう ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If (I) don't hide the dead body, (it) will be found by someone.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.318-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"レストラン は シェフ が 命[いのち] ！料理[りょうり] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">不味[まず,まずい]くて は\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、客[きゃく] は 来[こ,くる]ない ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"For a restaurant, the chef is the lifeblood! If the food is bad, customers won't come! \u003Cbr> (Literally: the chef is the life)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.318-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Often \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくて は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なかったら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なければ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ないと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In spoken Japanese, Noun\u002Fな-Adjective\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"でなくちゃ\"\n }), \", い-Adjective-Stem\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"くなくちゃ\"\n }), \" or Verb-(a-)Stem\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"なくちゃ\"\n }), \", are often used instead.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-(a-)Stem + なくては\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べなくて は\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-Negative-Stem + なくては\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"よ[,いい]くなくて は\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + でなくては\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"健康[けんこう] で なくて は\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + でなくては\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"人[ひと] で なくて は\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"XなくてはY\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食べなくて[たべなくて] は 大きく ならない よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":5158,"title":5159,"mod":5160,"grammarPoint":5161,"grammarPointTitle":5162,"grammarPointDescription":5163,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5164,"similarGrammarPoints":5165,"tags":5166,"content":5167,"dependentGrammarPoints":5168,"language":22,"similarPoints":5169,"prereqPoints":5170},20463397960260,"「なくてはいけない・ならない・だめ」”X must be done\"",1769239776543,"nakutehaikenai-naranai-dame-something-must-be-done","[JLPT N5] 「なくてはいけない」 (nakutehaikenai) | ”X Must Be Done\" | Japanese Grammar","なくてはいけない・ならない・ダメ can be used to express \"must \u002F have to.\" It is used to show obligation with verbs, adjectives, nouns, and casual contractions.",[5047,5055,5056],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「なくてはいけない・ならない・だめ」”X must be done\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくては\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (used with verbs and い-adjectives) and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で なくて は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (used with nouns and な-adjectives) can be combined with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いけない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ならない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だめ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to express that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"someone must do something or that something has to be the case\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Because the word before \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いけない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ならない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だめ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is in the negative form, and these words already have a negative meaning, the whole expression becomes a double negative. This double negative flips the meaning into a positive \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"must \u002F have to\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When this pattern is used with verbs or い-adjectives, first change them into their negative form, then replace \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくて は ならない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくて は いけない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくて は ダメ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べない　→　食[た,たべる]べなくて は ダメ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to not eat → must eat\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"軽[かる,かるい]くない　→　軽[かる,かるい]くなくて は ダメ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"not light → must be light\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"試験[しけん] の 前[まえ] は、ちゃんと \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べなくて は ダメ\u003C\u002Fstrong> だ よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Before an exam, you have to eat properly.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.319-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"靴[くつ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">軽[かる,かるい]く な[,ない]くて は ダメ\u003C\u002Fstrong> だ 。長時間[ちょうじかん] 歩[ある,あるく]く から 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Shoes have to be light since I’ll be walking for a long time.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.319-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For nouns and な-adjectives, simply attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で なくて は ならない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で なくて は いけない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で なくて は ダメ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か　→　静[しず]か で なくて は ダメ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"quiet → must be quiet\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい]　→　学生[がくせい] で なくて は ダメ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"student → must be a student\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"図書館[としょかん] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">静[しず]か で な[,ない]くて は いけない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You have to be quiet in the library.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.319-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 奨学金[しょうがくきん] を 申請[しんせい] する[,為る*する] に は、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">学生[がくせい] で な[,ない]くて は ならない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"To apply for this scholarship, you must be a student.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.319-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This construct also has a contracted form in casual Japanese. Here \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくて は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" changes to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくちゃ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いけない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ならない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だめ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The rest of the formation stays the same.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この どれ か を 選択[せんたく] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,する]なくちゃ いけ[,いける]ない\u003C\u002Fstrong> の か ！困[こま,こまる]った な 、どれ に しよ[,する]う か な ・・・\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) have to choose one of these? Shucks, which one should (I) choose...\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.319-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The difference between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いけ[,いく]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なら[,なる]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だめ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the same as we already discussed in the previous lessons.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-(a-)Stem + なくては + いけない・ならない・だめ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"し[,する]なくて は いけない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective-Stem + くなくては + いけない・ならない・だめ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"軽[かる,かるい]くなくて は ならない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + でなくては + いけない・ならない・だめ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か で なくて は だめ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + でなくては + いけない・ならない・だめ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"もの で なくて は いけない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[5087,5061,5072],{"id":5172,"title":5173,"mod":5174,"grammarPoint":5175,"grammarPointTitle":5176,"grammarPointDescription":5177,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5178,"similarGrammarPoints":5179,"tags":5180,"content":5181,"dependentGrammarPoints":5182,"language":22,"similarPoints":5183,"prereqPoints":5186},20463397960261,"「ではなくて」\"It isn't X, but Y\"",1769239776544,"dehanakute-correct-information","[JLPT N3] 「ではなくて」 (dehanakute) | \"It Isn't X, But Y\" | Japanese Grammar","Use ではなくて to say “not A, but B” by correcting mistaken info. In speech, じゃなくて is common. Works with nouns, adjectives, and verbs.",[],[2086],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ではなくて」\\\"It isn't X, but Y\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で は なくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to negate and correct information.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で は なくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">X\u003C\u002Fstrong> で は なくて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">Y\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", where \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"X\"\n }), \" is the information that is negated, and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Y\"\n }), \" is the correct information.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For nouns or な-adjectives it attaches as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(なの) で は なくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：これ は 、兄[あに] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で は なく[,ない]て\u003C\u002Fstrong> 私[わたし] の おじ だ よ 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：凄[すご,すごい]い 若[わか,わかい]い おじさん だ ね 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: This is (my) uncle, not (my) older brother. \u003Cbr> B: (He) is an extremely young uncle.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.320-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In conversation, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃなくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is often used instead.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For い-adjectives and verbs it attaches as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の で は なくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". In conversation, it is especially common for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to be reduced to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ん\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ここ に 来[く,くる]る \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ん じゃなくて\u003C\u002Fstrong>、駅[えき] で 待[ま,まつ]ってて 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don’t come here, wait at the station.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.320-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + のではなくて\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"行[い,いく]く の で は なくて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + のではなくて\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"早[はや,はやい]い の で は なくて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + (なの)ではなくて\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静か[しずか] で は なくて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + (なの)ではなくて\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"恋人[こいびと] で は なくて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Wrong-InformationではなくてCorrect-Information\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"貧乏[びんぼう] で は なくて、裕福[ゆうふく] な の だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[5184],{"id":2086,"title":2087,"mod":2074,"grammarPoint":2088,"grammarPointTitle":2089,"grammarPointDescription":2090,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2091,"similarGrammarPoints":2092,"tags":5185,"content":2094,"dependentGrammarPoints":2095,"language":22},[52,21,412],[],{"id":2150,"title":4846,"mod":4847,"grammarPoint":4848,"grammarPointTitle":4849,"grammarPointDescription":4850,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4851,"similarGrammarPoints":4852,"tags":5188,"content":4854,"dependentGrammarPoints":4855,"language":22,"similarPoints":5189,"prereqPoints":5190},[1034,17],[4870,4875,2140,2154,2164],[],{"id":5192,"title":5193,"mod":5194,"grammarPoint":5195,"grammarPointTitle":5196,"grammarPointDescription":5197,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5198,"similarGrammarPoints":5199,"tags":5200,"content":5201,"dependentGrammarPoints":5202,"language":22,"similarPoints":5203,"prereqPoints":5204},20463397960263,"「かい」Ask a yes-or-no question",1765761369313,"kai-ask-yes-or-no-question","[JLPT N4] 「かい」 (kai) | Ask a Yes-or-No Question | Japanese Grammar","Used in informal male speech, かい is a casual way to ask yes-or-no questions with verbs, adjectives, and nouns in both present and past tense.",[],[805],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「かい」Ask a yes-or-no question\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"While \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" isn't the most commonly used word to ask a question, it is still worth discussing so that you can understand it when you hear it. Luckily, it's not too difficult to use.\\nThe most important difference between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and other ways of asking a question is that it can only be used for yes-or-no questions. Additionally, it is mostly used in informal male speech.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with verbs and い-adjectives in the present or past tense, simply attach it to the end of the word.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：ご飯[ごはん] 、冷[さ,さめる]め ちゃった \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">かい\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：いいえ 。大丈夫[だいじょうぶ] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Is the food cold? \u003Cbr> B: No. It's fine. \u003Cbr> (Literally: Did the food get cold?)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.322-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used with nouns or な-adjectives in the present tense, simply attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the end. When used in the past tense, you must add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in between the noun or な-adjective and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 元気[げんき] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">かい\u003C\u002Fstrong>？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Are you feeling well today?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.322-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Optionally, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"の\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be added between a verb or an い-adjective and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". For な-adjectives, it would be \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なの\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The meaning remains the same.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"これ で いい[,良い*いい] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">かい\u003C\u002Fstrong>？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Is this okay?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.322-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + かい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる かい ・ 食[た,たべる]べた かい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + かい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い かい ・ 高[たか,たかい]かった かい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + かい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静か[しずか] かい ・ 静か[しずか] だった かい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + かい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] かい ・ 学生[がくせい] だった かい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[1331],[],{"id":5206,"title":5207,"mod":5208,"grammarPoint":5209,"grammarPointTitle":5210,"grammarPointDescription":5211,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5212,"similarGrammarPoints":5213,"tags":5214,"content":5215,"dependentGrammarPoints":5216,"language":22,"similarPoints":5217,"prereqPoints":5218},20463397960264,"「だい」Casually make an interrogative question",1769239828660,"dai-make-interrogative-question","[JLPT N4] 「だい」 (dai) | Casually Make an Interrogative Question | Japanese Grammar","Used in casual male speech, だい adds a questioning tone. It attaches to verbs, adjectives, and nouns—with ん added before it in many cases.",[],[805],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「だい」Casually make an interrogative question\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to form an interrogative questions in informal male speech.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When attaching \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to verbs or い-adjectives, ん must be inserted between them.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"行く[いく] ん だい ?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Are you going?\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：君[きみ] は こんな 時間[じかん] に 、一体[いったい] どこ に 行[い,いく]く \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ん だい\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：ちょっと 隣[となり] 町[まち] まで 買い物[かいもの] に 行[い,いく]って くる[,くる] よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Where on earth are you going at this hour? \u003Cbr> B: (I'm) going up to the next town to shop (and then I'll be back).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.323-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When attaching it to nouns or な-adjectives, it can be simply attached to them. In the past tense, ん must be inserted again as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だった ん だい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：今朝[けさ] 、外[そと] で 誰[だれ] か が 叫[さけ,さけぶ]んで い[,いる]た の が 聞[き,きこえる]こえた ん だ けど 、あれ は 何[なん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">だった ん だい\u003C\u002Fstrong> ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：危[あぶ,あぶない]ない 薬[くすり] を やっ[,やる]た 人[ひと] が 町[まち] を 徘徊[はいかい] し[,する]て い[,いる]た らしい よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: (I) heard someone yelling outside this morning, what was that? \u003Cbr> B: It seems someone who did a dangerous drug was wandering around the town..\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.323-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + んだい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる ん だい ・ 食[た,たべる]べた ん だい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + んだい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"高[たか,たかい]い ん だい ・ 高[たか,たかい]かった ん だい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + だい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静か[しずか] だい ・ 静か[しずか] だった ん だい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + だい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"学生[がくせい] だい ・ 学生[がくせい] だった ん だい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[1331],[],{"id":5220,"title":5221,"mod":5222,"grammarPoint":5223,"grammarPointTitle":5224,"grammarPointDescription":5225,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5226,"similarGrammarPoints":5227,"tags":5228,"content":5229,"dependentGrammarPoints":5230,"language":22,"similarPoints":5231,"prereqPoints":5232},20463397960265,"「以外」\"Except (something)\"",1769239848551,"igai-except-something","[JLPT N4] 「以外」 (igai) | \"Except (Something)\" | Japanese Grammar","Use 以外 to say \"except\" or \"besides\" by attaching it to nouns or verbs to show what's excluded or the only thing included in a situation.",[],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「以外」\\\"Except (something)\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Except, besides\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The noun \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"以外[いがい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"except\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"besides\"\n }), \". The general structure used here is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> 以外[いがい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", where \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is that which is excluded from \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \". The meaning here is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"except \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"以外[いがい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" gets simply attached to a noun or a verb in its dictionary form or past tense.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日曜日[にちようび] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">以外[いがい]\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 毎日[まいにち] 働[はたら,はたらく]いて い[,居る*いる]ます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I work every day except Sunday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.324-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the construct \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> 以外[いがい] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the meaning is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"apart from \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, there is nothing else that \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"僕[ぼく] に は カメラ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">以外[いがい] に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、何[なに] も 得意[とくい] な 物[もの] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ない[,ない]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Besides cameras, there is nothing I am good at.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.324-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + 以外\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"する[,する] 以外[いがい]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 以外\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] 以外[いがい]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":5234,"title":5235,"mod":5236,"grammarPoint":5237,"grammarPointTitle":5238,"grammarPointDescription":5239,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5240,"similarGrammarPoints":5241,"tags":5242,"content":5243,"dependentGrammarPoints":5244,"language":22,"similarPoints":5245,"prereqPoints":5246},20463397960266,"「以内」Inside something",1765761708417,"inai-inside-something","[JLPT N4] 「以内」 (inai) | Inside something | Japanese Grammar","Expresses that something is within a limit or does not exceed it, like time or money (e.g., “within 30 minutes,” “500 yen or less”).",[],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「以内」Inside something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Within, inside of, less than\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"以内[いない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a Japanese noun that can be translated to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"within\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"inside of\"\n }), \". When used after a counter, it expresses the idea that something is within a specific range and does not exceed it. For example, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"５００円[ごひゃくえん,円*えん] 以内[いない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means that the amount is up to and including 500 yen.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 薬[くすり] は 食後[しょくご] 30分[さんじゅっぷん,分*ふん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">以内[いない]\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 飲[の,のむ]んで ください 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please take this medicine within 30 minutes after eating.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.325-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"５万円[ごまんえん,円*えん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">以内[いない]\u003C\u002Fstrong> なら 、この 壺[つぼ] を 買[か,かう]って やっ[,やる]て も いい[,いい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If it's 50,000 yen or less, then (I'll) but this pot (for you).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.325-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Counter + 以内\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"５００円[ごひゃくえん,円*えん] 以内[いない]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":5248,"title":5249,"mod":5250,"grammarPoint":5251,"grammarPointTitle":5252,"grammarPointDescription":5253,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5254,"similarGrammarPoints":5255,"tags":5256,"content":5257,"dependentGrammarPoints":5258,"language":22,"similarPoints":5259,"prereqPoints":5260},20463397960267,"「大変」Indicate that something is extreme",1769239878302,"taihen-something-pretty-extreme","[JLPT N5] 「大変」 (taihen) | \"Very; Greatly; Gravely\" | Japanese Grammar","Expresses extreme degree or seriousness; used as an adverb, exclamation, or な-adjective to describe tough, intense, or surprising situations.",[],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「大変」Indicate that something is extreme\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Very, greatly, immense, enormous, serious, grave\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"大変[たいへん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is composed of the kanji \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"大[だい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"big\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"変[へん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"change\"\n }), \". If you keep in mind \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"big change\"\n }), \", perhaps it will help you make sense of the various uses of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"大変[たいへん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It can be used to make both positive and negative evaluations.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used as an adverb to modify a verb or adjective, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"大変[たいへん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses that the degree of something is extreme.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 外[そと] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">大変[たいへん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 騒[さわ,さわがしい]がしい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's crazy noisy outside today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.326-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In spoken Japanese, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"とても\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"すご[,すごい]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are used more frequently, as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"大変[たいへん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has a slightly formal tone.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"大変[たいへん] だ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a phrase that is used to express surprise, sympathy, or deep emotions regarding something unusual or unexpected. It can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it's tough\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it's a big deal\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"宿題[しゅくだい] が 多[おお,おおい]すぎて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">大変[たいへん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I have so much homework, it’s tough.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.326-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Lastly, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"大変[たいへん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used as a な-adjective to modify nouns. Here as well it expresses something unusual or unexpected.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"台風[たいふう] で 町[まち] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">大変[たいへん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> な 被害[ひがい] を 受[う,うける]けた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The town suffered heavy damage from the typhoon.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.326-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"大変 + Verb\u002FAdjective\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"大変[たいへん] 疲[つか,つかれる]れた\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"大変な + Noun\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"大変[たいへん] な 雨[あめ]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":5262,"title":5263,"mod":5264,"grammarPoint":5265,"grammarPointTitle":5266,"grammarPointDescription":5267,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5268,"similarGrammarPoints":5269,"tags":5270,"content":5271,"dependentGrammarPoints":5272,"language":22,"similarPoints":5273,"prereqPoints":5274},20463397960268,"「しょうがない」”It can’t be helped\"",1769240574395,"shouganai-nothing-you-can-do","[JLPT N2] 「しょうがない」 (shouganai) | ”It Can’t Be Helped\" | Japanese Grammar","しょうがない is used to express resignation or acceptance when something can't be helped or there's no other option. Often shows frustration or reluctant understanding.",[],[],[1124,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「しょうがない」”It can’t be helped\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"There's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しょうがない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a phrase that is used to express the idea of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it cannot be helped\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"there is no way\"\n }), \". It is often used to show feelings of resignation or acceptance in a difficult or unfortunate situation. It can also be used as an expression of consternation or frustration when something is out of one's control and there is no alternative option.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"電車[でんしゃ] が 遅[おく,おくれる]れて る[,居る*いる] 。\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">しょうがない\u003C\u002Fstrong> から、少[すこ]し 待[ま,まつ]とう 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The train’s delayed. Nothing we can do, so let’s wait a bit.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.327-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"醤油[しょうゆ] が ない[,ない] ？ない[,ない] なら \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">しょうがない\u003C\u002Fstrong> な 、醤油[しょうゆ] を 掛[か,かける]けないで コロッケ 食[た,たべる]べる か 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There's no soy sauce? If not then (I) have no choice huh, (I guess I'll) eat croquettes without putting soy sauce on (them).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.327-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"しょうがない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is an abbreviated version of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"仕様[!しよう] が ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which can literally can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"there is no method\u002Fmeans\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":5276,"title":5277,"mod":5278,"grammarPoint":5279,"grammarPointTitle":5280,"grammarPointDescription":5281,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5282,"similarGrammarPoints":5283,"tags":5286,"content":5287,"dependentGrammarPoints":5288,"language":22,"similarPoints":5289,"prereqPoints":5314},20463397960269,"「多分」Express a high probablility",1765763834959,"tabun-express-high-probablility","[JLPT N5] 「多分」 (tabun) | Express That Something Will Likely Happen | Japanese Grammar","Use 多分 to express \"probably\" or \"perhaps\" when making a guess. It’s flexible in placement and distinct from the word for \"many\" by pitch accent.",[],[2554,5284,5285],20463397960270,20463397960275,[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「多分」Express a high probablility\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Perhaps, probably\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"多分[たぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as an adverb is used by the speaker to express supposition. The position of it in the sentence is very flexible.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">多分[たぶん]\u003C\u002Fstrong>、明日[あした] は 雨[あめ] が 降[ふ,ふる]る 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Probably, it’ll rain tomorrow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.328-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">多分[たぶん]\u003C\u002Fstrong>、これ が 一番[いちばん] いい[,良い*いい] 方法[ほうほう] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This is probably the best way.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.328-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"多分[たぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can have two meanings, \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"probably\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"many\"\n }), \", with both of them having a different pitch accent. \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Probably\"\n }), \" starts high and goes low, while \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"many\"\n }), \" is pronounced flat. If you want to learn more about pitch accent in Japanese, you should check out our Migaku Pitch Trainer.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[5290,5292,5303],{"id":2554,"title":2555,"mod":2556,"grammarPoint":2557,"grammarPointTitle":2558,"grammarPointDescription":2559,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2560,"similarGrammarPoints":2561,"tags":5291,"content":2563,"dependentGrammarPoints":2564,"language":22},[83,21],{"id":5284,"title":5293,"mod":5294,"grammarPoint":5295,"grammarPointTitle":5296,"grammarPointDescription":5297,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5298,"similarGrammarPoints":5299,"tags":5300,"content":5301,"dependentGrammarPoints":5302,"language":22},"「きっと」”Surely; undoubtedly\"",1769239989568,"kitto-express-that-something-will-surely-happen","[JLPT N4] 「きっと」 (kitto) | ”Surely; Undoubtedly\" | Japanese Grammar","きっと expresses an even higher probability and is often translated as \"surely\" or \"certainly.\"",[],[2554,5276,5285],[52,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「きっと」”Surely; undoubtedly\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Surely, undoubtedly, almost certainly, most likely\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"多分[たぶん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to express a supposition with a high probability. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"きっと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses an even higher probability and is often translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"surely\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"certainly\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"君[きみ] の 夢[ゆめ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">きっと\u003C\u002Fstrong> いつ か 叶[かな,かなう]う だろう 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Your dream will surely come true one day, (I bet).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.329-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼女[かのじょ] なら \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">きっと\u003C\u002Fstrong> わか[,分かる*わかる]って くれる[,くれる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If it’s her, she’ll surely understand.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.329-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":5285,"title":5304,"mod":5305,"grammarPoint":5306,"grammarPointTitle":5307,"grammarPointDescription":5308,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5309,"similarGrammarPoints":5310,"tags":5311,"content":5312,"dependentGrammarPoints":5313,"language":22},"「に決まっている」Express that you’re certain of something",1769240184530,"nikimatteiru-when-you-are-certain-something","[JLPT N2] 「に決まっている」 (nikimatteiru) | Express That You're Certain of Something | Japanese Grammar","に決まっている expresses strong conviction that something is obvious or certain, often used to assert or contradict with confidence.",[],[1873,2554],[1128,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「に決まっている」Express that you’re certain of something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Sure to, certain to, bound to, it's natural that\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 決[き,きまる]まって いる[,いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" comes from the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"決まる[きまる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be decided\"\n }), \" and can basically be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> is certain\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it's bound to be \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"俺[おれ] の 大切[たいせつ] な カメラ を 壊[こわ,こわす]した の は 、きっと あの 野郎[やろう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に 決[き,きまる]まってる\u003C\u002Fstrong> ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It, for sure, must have been that bastard who broke my precious camera!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.334-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"こんな 安[やす,やすい]い 店[みせ]、味[あじ] は 微妙[びみょう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">に 決[き,きまる]まって る[,居る*いる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If it’s this cheap, the taste is bound to be meh.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.334-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に 決[き,きまる]まって いる[,いる] じゃない (か・の)\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to contradict something someone said. It shows that the speaker is convinced that their statement is correct.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + に決まっている\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"し[,する]た に 決[き,きまる]まって いる[,いる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + に決まっている\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"軽[かる,かるい]い に 決[き,きまる]まって いる[,いる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + に決まっている\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静か[しずか] に 決[き,きまる]まって いる[,いる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + に決まっている\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あいつ に 決[き,きまる]まって いる[,いる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":5284,"title":5293,"mod":5294,"grammarPoint":5295,"grammarPointTitle":5296,"grammarPointDescription":5297,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5298,"similarGrammarPoints":5299,"tags":5316,"content":5301,"dependentGrammarPoints":5302,"language":22,"similarPoints":5317,"prereqPoints":5320},[1034,17],[5290,5318,5303],{"id":5276,"title":5277,"mod":5278,"grammarPoint":5279,"grammarPointTitle":5280,"grammarPointDescription":5281,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5282,"similarGrammarPoints":5283,"tags":5319,"content":5287,"dependentGrammarPoints":5288,"language":22},[27,21],[],{"id":5322,"title":5323,"mod":5324,"grammarPoint":5325,"grammarPointTitle":5326,"grammarPointDescription":5327,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5328,"similarGrammarPoints":5329,"tags":5330,"content":5331,"dependentGrammarPoints":5332,"language":22,"similarPoints":5333,"prereqPoints":5334},20463397960271,"「ちゃんと」Indicate that something is proper\u002Fappropriate",1769240037358,"chanto-something-appropriate","[JLPT N3] 「ちゃんと」 (kitto) | Indicate That Something Is Proper\u002FAppropriate | Japanese Grammar","ちゃんと is used to show something is done properly, seriously, or follows rules—like behaving, dressing, or completing tasks as expected.",[],[],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ちゃんと」Indicate that something is proper\u002Fappropriate\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Appropriate, sufficient, orderly, earnest, serious\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちゃんと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has many possible translations, but the exact meaning depends on the context of the sentence it is used in. It is mostly used to express that something is appropriate or correct.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It is used to express that something is orderly, follows rules or expectations, or that it is done sufficiently.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"優子[!ゆうこ] ちゃん 、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ちゃんと\u003C\u002Fstrong> 先生[せんせい] の 言[い,いう]う 事[こと] を 聞[き,きく]いて ね 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yuko-chan, make sure listen to what the teacher says (and not slack off).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.330-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ちゃんと\u003C\u002Fstrong> 説明[せつめい] す[,為る*する]れば、わか[,分かる*わかる]って もら[,もらう]える よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you explain it clearly, they’ll understand.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.330-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the construct \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ちゃんと した\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it is used to modify a noun and express that something or someone is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"serious\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"earnest\"\n }), \" or socially acceptable.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"正式[せいしき] な 場所[ばしょ] で は 、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ちゃんと し[,する]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 服[ふく] を 着[き,きる]る もの だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"In formal settings, (one) should wear proper clothes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.330-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":5336,"title":5337,"mod":5338,"grammarPoint":5339,"grammarPointTitle":5340,"grammarPointDescription":5341,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5342,"similarGrammarPoints":5343,"tags":5344,"content":5345,"dependentGrammarPoints":5346,"language":22,"similarPoints":5347,"prereqPoints":5348},20463397960272,"「で」(5) “So?” \u002F “Well?” \u002F “And then?\"",1769240091652,"de-so","[JLPT N5] 「で」 (de) | \"So?\" \u002F \"Well?\" \u002F \"And Then?\" | Japanese Grammar","で can be used to continue a conversation, and links to a previous statement and adds a reason, result, or request—common in casual spoken Japanese.",[],[4701],[23,17,567,137],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「で」(5) “So?” \u002F “Well?” \u002F “And then?\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"And then, so, and, then\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used at the beginning of a sentence when continuing a conversation or providing additional information following an earlier statement made by the speaker or the listener. It is commonly used in spoken language. It serves as a connector between two statements, often used to provide an explanation or reason for something previously mentioned.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：昨日[きのう] 、面接[めんせつ] が あっ[,ある]たん だ 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、どう だった ？　受[う,うかる]かり そう ？\u003Cbr>\\nA：多分[たぶん] 無理[むり] ・・・\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: (I) had an interview yesterday. \u003Cbr> B: So how did (it) go? Does it seem like (you'll) pass?? \u003Cbr> A: That's likely impossible...\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.331-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"明日[あした] 、友達[ともだち] と ドライブ 行[い,いく]く ん だ 。\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">で\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、お願[おねが]い が ある[,ある] ん だ けど １万円[いちまんえん,円*えん] 貸[か,かす]して ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I'm) going for a drive tomorrow with a friend. So, (I) have a favor (to ask), lend (me) 10,000 yen!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.331-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is the contracted form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and is normally used in spoken language. In most cases, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"それで\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"で、Sentence\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"で、実[じつ] は 先生[せんせい] に お願い[おねがい] が ある[,ある] の です が 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[4730],[],{"id":5350,"title":5351,"mod":5352,"grammarPoint":5353,"grammarPointTitle":5354,"grammarPointDescription":5355,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5356,"similarGrammarPoints":5357,"tags":5358,"content":5359,"dependentGrammarPoints":5360,"language":22,"similarPoints":5361,"prereqPoints":5362},20463397960273,"「時には」\"Not always, but sometimes\"",1769240110236,"tokiniha-not-always-but-sometimes","[JLPT N4] 「時には」 (tokiniha) | \"Not Always, But Sometimes\" | Japanese Grammar","時には expresses that something happens only occasionally or in certain situations, even if it's not typical or expected. Slightly formal, but useful to know.",[1811],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「時には」\\\"Not always, but sometimes\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"At times, occasionally\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"時[とき]には\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"sometimes\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"depending on the situation\"\n }), \". The construct \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"時[とき]には \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" signifies that \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I don't always do \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, but sometimes I do\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I don't usually do \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, but sometimes I do, depending on the situation\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">時[とき] に は\u003C\u002Fstrong> 立ち止[たちど,たちどまる]まる こと[,事*こと] も 大切[たいせつ] だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Sometimes it’s important to stop and pause.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.332-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"いつも 本気[ほんき] じゃない 俺[おれ] で も 、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">時[とき]には\u003C\u002Fstrong> 本気[ほんき] を 出[だ,だす]す 事[こと] も ある[,ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are also times occasionally that even I, who is always not serious, sometimes gets serious.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.332-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"時[とき]には\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be omitted.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"時[とき]には\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is slightly formal sounding, so there may not be many opportunities to use it in conversation, but it is still useful to remember.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[2993],{"id":5364,"title":5365,"mod":5366,"grammarPoint":5367,"grammarPointTitle":5368,"grammarPointDescription":5369,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5370,"similarGrammarPoints":5371,"tags":5372,"content":5373,"dependentGrammarPoints":5374,"language":22,"similarPoints":5375,"prereqPoints":5376},20463397960274,"「途中」”To be in the middle of X\"",1769240136094,"tochu-something-happens-during-another-action","[JLPT N2] 「途中」 (tochu) | ”To Be In the Middle of X\" | Japanese Grammar","Describes how to use 途中 to express that something happened during or before finishing another action, often while traveling or in transit.",[],[],[1124,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「途中」”To be in the middle of X\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"On the way, in the middle of\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The noun \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"途中[とちゅう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"on the way\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"in the middle of\"\n }), \" has a few different uses that all express the general idea that while in the middle of something, something else happened.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> 途中[とちゅう] で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" it stands at the beginning of a clause, meaning before \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is finished, it is interrupted by \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] の 昼頃[ひるごろ] に 買い物[かいもの] に 出[で,でかける]かけた けど 、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">途中[とちゅう] で\u003C\u002Fstrong> 財布[さいふ] が ない[,ない] の に 気[き,きづく]づいて 一度[いちど] 家[いえ] に 戻[もど,もどる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) went out shopping around noon today, but on the way (I) realized (I) didn't have (my) wallet, so (I) returned home once.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.333-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When it follows a noun that describes an action or verb, the form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> 途中[とちゅう] で ・ に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to express that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" occurred before \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" ended. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to indicate the point at which \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" occurs, while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" indicates the location at which \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" occurs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"家[いえ] に 帰[かえ,かえる]る \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">途中[とちゅう] に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、西洋風[せいようふう] の 人形[にんぎょう] 屋[や] さん に 入[はい,はいる]って み[,みる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) entered and checked out a western-style doll shop on the way home.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.333-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"電車[でんしゃ] の 乗り換[のりか]え \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">途中[とちゅう] で\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、新聞[しんぶん] と 今日[きょう] の 弁当[べんとう] を 買[か,かう]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"As (I) was changing trains, (I) bought a newspaper and today's boxed lunch.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.333-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で ・ に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are sometimes dropped.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> 途中[とちゅう] (は) \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" follows a noun or verb that express a movement from one place to another, it shows that the action \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" continues over the duration of the movement.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"会社[かいしゃ] に 来[く,くる]る \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">途中[とちゅう]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、電車[でんしゃ] の 中[なか] で 勉強[べんきょう] し[,する]て いる[,いる] 子[こ] が い[,いる]た 。今時[いまどき] 、真面目[まじめ] な 子[こ] も いる[,いる] ん だ な 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"On (my) way (here) to the office, there was a kid studying in the train. (I guess) there are also some hard-working kids nowadays.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.333-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":5285,"title":5304,"mod":5305,"grammarPoint":5306,"grammarPointTitle":5307,"grammarPointDescription":5308,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5309,"similarGrammarPoints":5310,"tags":5378,"content":5312,"dependentGrammarPoints":5313,"language":22,"similarPoints":5379,"prereqPoints":5380},[1124,17],[1913,5290],[],{"id":5382,"title":5383,"mod":5384,"grammarPoint":5385,"grammarPointTitle":5386,"grammarPointDescription":5387,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5388,"similarGrammarPoints":5389,"tags":5390,"content":5391,"dependentGrammarPoints":5392,"language":22,"similarPoints":5393,"prereqPoints":5394},20463397960276,"「場合」(1) “In the case of…\"",1769240296498,"baai-in-this-situation","[JLPT N4] 「場合」 (baai) | \"In the Case Of...\" | Japanese Grammar","Used to describe specific or possible situations, 場合 means “case” or “situation” and often appears with verbs, adjectives, or nouns to set conditions.",[],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「場合」(1) “In the case of…\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Case, situation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The noun \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"場合[ばあい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"case\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"situation\"\n }), \" and is used in a few different constructs.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"場合[ばあい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to specifically refer to a single situation among many other possible ones.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"雨[あめ] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">場合[ばあい]\u003C\u002Fstrong> は、試合[しあい] は 中止[ちゅうし] です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If it rains, the game will be canceled.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.335-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> 場合[ばあい] も ・ が ある\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" it can be used to express that a certain situation may arise. Often it connotes that such a situation would be unlikely, but the possiblity certainly exists.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 薬[くすり] を 飲[の,のむ]んだら 、頭[あたま] の 毛[け] が 抜[ぬ,ぬける]けて しまう \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">場合[ばあい] が ある[,ある]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you take this medicine, there are situations where (one) loses (their) hair.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.335-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + 場合\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"戻[もど,もどる]らない 場合[ばあい]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + 場合\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"重[おも,おもい]い 場合[ばあい]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + な場合\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"困難[こんなん] な 場合[ばあい]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + の場合\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"雨天[うてん] の 場合[ばあい]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":5396,"title":5397,"mod":5398,"grammarPoint":5399,"grammarPointTitle":5400,"grammarPointDescription":5401,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5402,"similarGrammarPoints":5403,"tags":5404,"content":5405,"dependentGrammarPoints":5406,"language":22,"similarPoints":5407,"prereqPoints":5408},20463397960277,"「場合」(2) Express exceptions, condemn actions",1769240287222,"場合-ばあい-2","[JLPT N4] 「場合」 (baai) | Express Exceptions, Condemn Actions | Japanese Grammar","場合 can be used to express exceptions and urgency, like “except in case of...” and “this is no time for...” with common verbs and adjectives.",[5382],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「場合」(2) Express exceptions, condemn actions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Case, situation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The noun \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"場合[ばあい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"case\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"situation\"\n }), \" and is used in a few different constructs.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> 場合[ばあい] を 除[のぞ,のぞく]いて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" it means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"With the exception of \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \". Or to phrase it differently, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" normally is the rule or standard, but the situation \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is exempt from this.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"緊急[きんきゅう] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">場合[ばあい] を 除[のぞ,のぞく]いて\u003C\u002Fstrong>、午後[ごご] 6時[ろくじ,時*じ] 以降[いこう] は 入館[にゅうかん] でき[,できる]ません 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Except in emergencies, you can’t enter the building after 6 p.m.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.336-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Following a verb in its progressive form as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> て いる 場合[ばあい] で は ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it is used to convey that the action expressed in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" is not appropriate for the current situation.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"もう こんな 時間[じかん] ！こんな 所[ところ] で 油[あぶら] を 売[う,うる]って いる[,いる] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">場合[ばあい] じゃない\u003C\u002Fstrong> ！早[はや,はやい]く 帰[かえ,かえる]って 、夕飯[ゆうはん] の 用意[ようい] し[,する]なくちゃ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's already this late! This is no time to dawdle about at a place like this! (I) have to hurry home and prepare dinner. \u003Cbr> (Literally: It's already this time)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.336-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As already mentioned before, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"じゃ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a contraction of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Therefore, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> て いる[,いる] 場合[ばあい] で は ない[,ない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also sometimes used as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"A て いる[,いる] 場合[ばあい] じゃない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + 場合を除いて\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"戻[もど,もどる]らない 場合[ばあい] を 除[のぞ,のぞく]いて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + いる場合ではない\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"泣[な,なく]いて いる[,いる] 場合 で は ない[,ない]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective + 場合を除いて\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"重[おも,おもい]い 場合[ばあい] を 除[のぞ,のぞく]いて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + な場合を除いて\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"特別[とくべつ] な 場合[ばあい] を 除[のぞ,のぞく]いて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + の場合を除いて\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"非常[ひじょう] の 場合[ばあい] を 除[のぞ,のぞく]いて\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[5409],{"id":5382,"title":5383,"mod":5384,"grammarPoint":5385,"grammarPointTitle":5386,"grammarPointDescription":5387,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5388,"similarGrammarPoints":5389,"tags":5410,"content":5391,"dependentGrammarPoints":5392,"language":22},[52,21],{"id":5412,"title":5413,"mod":5414,"grammarPoint":5415,"grammarPointTitle":5416,"grammarPointDescription":5417,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5418,"similarGrammarPoints":5419,"tags":5420,"content":5421,"dependentGrammarPoints":5422,"language":22,"similarPoints":5423,"prereqPoints":5424},20463397960278,"「別に」(1) \"Not particularly\"",1769240340902,"別に-べつに-1","[JLPT N3] 「別に」 (betsuni) | \"Not Particularly\" | Japanese Grammar","Used to say “not particularly” or “not especially,” 別に〜ない shows indifference. In casual speech, the “ない” can be dropped for brevity.",[],[],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「別に」(1) \\\"Not particularly\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"(Not) particularly, (not) especially ​\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"別[べつ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" on its own is a word that can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"difference\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"separate\"\n }), \". In the construct \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"別[べつ] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> ない[,ない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" it is used to express that the idea of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"not particularly \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"not especially\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Standard usage as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"別[べつ] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \":\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">別[べつ] に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 欲[ほ,ほしい]しく \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ない[,ない]\u003C\u002Fstrong> けど、もら[,もらう]える なら もらう[,もらう] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don’t really want it, but I’ll take it if you’re giving it to me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.337-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"かおり ちゃん の 事[こと] 、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">別[べつ]に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 嫌[きら]い \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">じゃない\u003C\u002Fstrong> けど 好[す]き でも ない 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) don't particularly dislike Kaoru-chan, but (I) don't like (her) either.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.337-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In casual conversations \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ない[,ない]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" may also be omitted.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：どう か し[,する]た の 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：いや、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">別[べつ] に\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Is something wrong? \u003Cbr> B: No, not particularly.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.337-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":5426,"title":5427,"mod":5428,"grammarPoint":5429,"grammarPointTitle":5430,"grammarPointDescription":5431,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5432,"similarGrammarPoints":5433,"tags":5434,"content":5435,"dependentGrammarPoints":5436,"language":22,"similarPoints":5437,"prereqPoints":5438},20463397960279,"「とは別に」Explicitly state an exception",1769240357402,"とは別に-とはべつに","[JLPT N3] 「とは別に」 (tohabetsuni) | \"Except for (something)\" | Japanese Grammar","Expresses doing or having something in addition to or separately from something else, using A とは別に for contrast or distinction.",[5412],[],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「とは別に」Explicitly state an exception\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Except, apart from, away from, different from\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> と は 別[べつ]に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a sentence pattern that means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"other than \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"apart from \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"separately from \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \". It can be used when there is something else needed, or when you are not taking action together.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 家[いえ] を 借[か,かりる]りる に は 、４００００円[よんまんえん,円*\\\\えん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と は 別[べつ]に\u003C\u002Fstrong> あと ４２００円[よんせんにひゃくえん,円*えん] も かかる[,かかる] そう だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It seems that to rent this house, that apart from the 40,000 yen, it will cost another 4,200 yen.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.338-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"授業[じゅぎょう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と は 別[べつ] に\u003C\u002Fstrong>、毎日[まいにち] 30分[さんじゅっぷん,分*ふん] 復習[ふくしゅう] し[,する]て いる[,居る*いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Apart from class, I review for 30 minutes every day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.338-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"家賃[やちん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">と は 別[べつ] に\u003C\u002Fstrong>、管理費[かんりひ] が 毎月[まいつき] かかる[,掛かる*かかる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Separate from rent, there’s a monthly management fee.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.338-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + の + とは別に\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"来[き,くる]た の と は 別[べつ]に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + とは別に\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私達[わたしたち] と は 別[べつ] に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[5439],{"id":5412,"title":5413,"mod":5414,"grammarPoint":5415,"grammarPointTitle":5416,"grammarPointDescription":5417,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5418,"similarGrammarPoints":5419,"tags":5440,"content":5421,"dependentGrammarPoints":5422,"language":22},[83,21],{"id":5442,"title":5443,"mod":5444,"grammarPoint":5445,"grammarPointTitle":5446,"grammarPointDescription":5447,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5448,"similarGrammarPoints":5449,"tags":5450,"content":5451,"dependentGrammarPoints":5452,"language":22,"similarPoints":5453,"prereqPoints":5454},20463397960280,"「別に」(2) “On the basis of…\"",1769240389702,"別に-べつに-2","[JLPT N3] 「別に」 (betsuni) | \"On the Basis Of...: | Japanese Grammar","Used to show actions or things done separately by group, like \"by class\" or \"by region\"; simply attach 別に to a noun.",[5412],[],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「別に」(2) “On the basis of…\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"A as the basis, each\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> 別[べつ] に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a sentence pattern that means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"each \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"based on \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \". It is used when doing something based on size, color, properties, etc.\\nIt is used by simply attaching \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"別[べつ] に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to a noun.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"採[と,とる]った りんご を 大[おお,おおきい]きさ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">別[べつ] に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 分[わ,わける]ける 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Sort the picked apples by size.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.339-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"毎年[まいとし] 夏[なつ] に なっ[,なる]たら 、地域[ちいき] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">別[べつ] に\u003C\u002Fstrong> 海[うみ] の ゴミ拾[ごみひろ]い を する[,する] 事[こと] に なっ[,なる]て いる[,いる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Every year, when it becomes summer, it is customary to do a coastal trash cleanup of each region.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.339-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 別に\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"クラス 別[べつ]に\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[5439],{"id":5456,"title":5457,"mod":5458,"grammarPoint":5459,"grammarPointTitle":5460,"grammarPointDescription":5461,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5462,"similarGrammarPoints":5463,"tags":5464,"content":5465,"dependentGrammarPoints":5466,"language":22,"similarPoints":5467,"prereqPoints":5468},20463397960281,"「なるほど」”I see” \u002F “indeed\"",1769240469385,"なるほど","[JLPT N4] 「なるほど」 (naruhodo) | \"I See\" \u002F \"Indeed\"| Japanese Grammar","Used to show understanding or agreement, なるほど expresses realization, satisfaction, or being convinced by new or reaffirmed information.",[],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「なるほど」”I see” \u002F “indeed\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"I see, that's right, indeed\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The expression \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なるほど\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to show that the speaker has understood something with a sense of satisfaction, either because they agree with new information they have received or because they accept what the listener is saying. It can also be used when the speaker is reaffirming their own knowledge or when they are convinced by the response to a question they have asked. It is often translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I see\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that's right\"\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"indeed\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：１週間[いっしゅうかん,週間*しゅうかん] 前[まえ] に 太郎[!たろう] 君[くん] の 犬[いぬ] 逃[に,にげる]げ ちゃって 、まだ 見[み,みつかる]つかってない ん だ って 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">なるほど\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、それで 寂[さみ,さみしい]し そう だった ん だ ね 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Taro-kun's dog ran away a week ago, and (he) says (she) hasn't been found yet. \u003Cbr> B: I see, that's why (he) looked so lonely.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.340-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ここ の ホテル ５つ[いつつ] 星[ぼし] と は 聞[き,きく]いて い[,いる]た けど \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">なるほど\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、品[ひん] が ある[,ある] 素敵[すてき] な ホテル だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) had heard that this hotel was a five-star, and indeed it is a refined and nice hotel.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.340-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":5470,"title":5471,"mod":5472,"grammarPoint":5473,"grammarPointTitle":5474,"grammarPointDescription":5475,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5476,"similarGrammarPoints":5477,"tags":5478,"content":5479,"dependentGrammarPoints":5480,"language":22,"similarPoints":5481,"prereqPoints":5482},20463397960282,"「まず」(1) “First” or “For Now\"",1769240530737,"mazu-at-first","[JLPT N4] 「まず」 (mazu) | State What You'll Do First | Japanese Grammar","まず means “first” or “before anything else,” and can also express “for now” or “in any case” depending on the context.",[],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「まず」(1) “First” or “For Now\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"First, to begin with, for now, anyhow, in any case\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The adverb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まず\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is generally translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"first\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to begin with\"\n }), \", but the exact meaning can change with the sentence it is being used in. Let’s start with the easier use cases.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The most basic usage means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"before anything else\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"first\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">まず\u003C\u002Fstrong> は コーヒー で も 飲[の,のむ]もう 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"First, let’s have some coffee.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.341-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Alternatively, it can mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"for now\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"anyhow\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in any case\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"離婚[りこん] し[,する] そう だった 両親[りょうしん] が 、ようやく 仲直[なかなお]り し[,する]た 。これ で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">まず\u003C\u002Fstrong> 二人[ふたり] の 離婚[りこん] の 危機[きき] は 去[さ,さる]った な ・・・\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) parents, who seemed about to divorce, finally reconciled. With this, for now the danger of their divorce is gone...\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.341-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":5484,"title":5485,"mod":5486,"grammarPoint":5487,"grammarPointTitle":5488,"grammarPointDescription":5489,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5490,"similarGrammarPoints":5491,"tags":5492,"content":5493,"dependentGrammarPoints":5494,"language":22,"similarPoints":5495,"prereqPoints":5498},20463397960283,"「まず」(2) “Probably” ",1769240575742,"mazu-probably","[JLPT N4] 「まず」 (mazu) | \"Probably\" (Special Usage) | Japanese Grammar","Expresses strong certainty or likelihood using *まず*, often meaning “probably” or “almost certainly” in context.\n",[5470],[5470],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「まず」(2) “Probably” \"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Probably, most likely, in any case\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The adverb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まず\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is generally translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"first\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to begin with\"\n }), \", but the exact meaning can change with the sentence it is being used in. Let’s start with the easier use cases.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used in a sentence that ends with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だろう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まず\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses relative certainty of the speaker’s conjecture. Here it can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"probably\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"most likely\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"almost certainly\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"彼[かれ] が そんな ミス を する[,為る*する] こと[,事*こと] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">まず\u003C\u002Fstrong> ない だろう 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There’s almost no chance he’d make that kind of mistake.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.342-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used in a sentence that does not use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"だろう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it shows an even stronger conviction that the speaker's assertion is true.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お前[おまえ] の 事[こと] を 、天才[てんさい] じゃない と 否定[ひてい] する[,する] 奴[やつ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">まず\u003C\u002Fstrong> 誰[だれ] も い[,いる]ない よ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There is probably nobody that would deny that you are a genius. \u003Cbr> (Literally: saying not a genius deny)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.342-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[5496],{"id":5470,"title":5471,"mod":5472,"grammarPoint":5473,"grammarPointTitle":5474,"grammarPointDescription":5475,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5476,"similarGrammarPoints":5477,"tags":5497,"content":5479,"dependentGrammarPoints":5480,"language":22},[52,21],[5496],{"id":5500,"title":5501,"mod":5502,"grammarPoint":5503,"grammarPointTitle":5504,"grammarPointDescription":5505,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5506,"similarGrammarPoints":5507,"tags":5509,"content":5514,"dependentGrammarPoints":5515,"language":22,"similarPoints":5516,"prereqPoints":5528},20463397960284,"「すぐ」Express a short distance or time",1765879974986,"sugu-express-short-distance-time","[JLPT N1]「すぐ」 (sugu) | Express a Short Distance or Time | Japanese Grammar","The adverb すぐ shows that something happens right away, soon, or is nearby—whether in time, space, or right after something else happens.",[],[5508],20463397960285,[5510,17],{"id":5511,"title":5512,"description":5513,"slug":264,"language":22},"1741860462988","JLPT N1","Appears in the JLPT N1","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「すぐ」Express a short distance or time\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Soon, right away, immediately\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The adverb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"すぐ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" signifies that there isn’t much distance between things. This distance can be temporal or physical. It can be translated to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"soon\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"right away\"\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"immediately\"\n }), \" in most cases.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Usage for close temporal or physical distance:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">すぐ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 近[ちか]く に コンビニ が ある[,有る*ある] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There’s a convenience store very close by.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.343-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">すぐ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 電車[でんしゃ] が 来[く,くる]る から 、白[しろ,しろい]い 線[せん] より 離[はな,はなれる]れて 立[た,たつ]って ね 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The train will come soon, so stand away from the white line.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.343-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can also find \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"すぐ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in combination with the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"たら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"-form of a verb to express \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"as soon as\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"出前[でまえ] が 来[き,くる]たら \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">すぐ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 教[おし,おしえる]えて くれ[,くれる] ！腹[はら] が 減[へ,へる]って 死[し,しぬ]に そう だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let (me) know as soon as the delivery comes! (I feel) like (I'm) dying of hunger.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.343-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[5517],{"id":5508,"title":5518,"mod":5519,"grammarPoint":5520,"grammarPointTitle":5521,"grammarPointDescription":5522,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5523,"similarGrammarPoints":5524,"tags":5525,"content":5526,"dependentGrammarPoints":5527,"language":22},"「もうすぐ」”Pretty soon\"",1769240613936,"mousugu-pretty-soon","[JLPT N4] 「もうすぐ」 (mousugu) | \"Pretty soon\" | Japanese Grammar","Use もうすぐ to expresses that something will happen soon or shortly, but not right away—used for events expected in the near future, like arrivals or changes.",[5500],[5500],[52,21],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「もうすぐ」”Pretty soon\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Soon, shortly, before long, nearly, almost\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もうすぐ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to express that there is not much time from the present until a certain event or action occurs. It is often translated to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"soon\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"shortly\"\n }), \" which suggest that the event is going to happen in a short period of time but not immediately. It could be used to express that something will happen in the near future, such as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"The train will arrive soon\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"The meeting is about to start\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">もう すぐ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 終[お,おわる]わる から、ちょっと 待[ま,まつ]って ね 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’m almost done, so wait a moment.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.344-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"きっと \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">もう 直[す]ぐ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、俺[おれ] の 弟子[でし] が 助[たす]け を 呼[よ,よぶ]んで くる[,くる] はず だ 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) expect that, surely before long, my apprentice will come calling for help.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.344-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もうすぐ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" refers to a longer period of time than that referred to by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"すぐ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"soon\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"immediately\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":5508,"title":5518,"mod":5519,"grammarPoint":5520,"grammarPointTitle":5521,"grammarPointDescription":5522,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5523,"similarGrammarPoints":5524,"tags":5530,"content":5526,"dependentGrammarPoints":5527,"language":22,"similarPoints":5531,"prereqPoints":5534},[1034,17],[5532],{"id":5500,"title":5501,"mod":5502,"grammarPoint":5503,"grammarPointTitle":5504,"grammarPointDescription":5505,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5506,"similarGrammarPoints":5507,"tags":5533,"content":5514,"dependentGrammarPoints":5515,"language":22},[264,21],[5532],{"id":3943,"title":3953,"mod":3954,"grammarPoint":3955,"grammarPointTitle":3956,"grammarPointDescription":3957,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3958,"similarGrammarPoints":3959,"tags":5536,"content":3961,"dependentGrammarPoints":3962,"language":22,"similarPoints":5537,"prereqPoints":5540},[1034,17],[3950,5538,3015],{"id":3935,"title":3936,"mod":3937,"grammarPoint":3938,"grammarPointTitle":3939,"grammarPointDescription":3940,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3941,"similarGrammarPoints":3942,"tags":5539,"content":3945,"dependentGrammarPoints":3946,"language":22},[52,21,53],[],{"id":5542,"title":5543,"mod":5544,"grammarPoint":5545,"grammarPointTitle":5546,"grammarPointDescription":5547,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5548,"similarGrammarPoints":5549,"tags":5550,"content":5551,"dependentGrammarPoints":5552,"language":22,"similarPoints":5553,"prereqPoints":5554},20463397960287,"「v込む」Something nters or is put into",1769240689103,"komu-something-enters-put-into","[JLPT N3] 「v込む」 (verb + komu) | Something Enters or Is Put Into | Japanese Grammar","Explains how the verb 込む adds meanings like “into,” “thoroughly,” or “deeply” when attached to other verbs, depending on their type and context.",[],[],[1054,17,3691],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiList, UiListItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「v込む」Something nters or is put into\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"込[こ,こむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be crowded\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be packed\"\n }), \". It can be attached to the stem of other verbs to create a variety of meanings. The exact meaning largely depends on the verb it is combined with.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The four meaning are:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To put something inside; to insert. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" Example: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"詰め込[つめこ,つめこむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to cram; to stuff\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To go inside; to enter. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" Example: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飛び込[とびこ,とびこむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to jump into\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To do something thoroughly or fully. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" Example: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"教え込[おしえこ,おしえこむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to teach thoroughly\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To do something completely and remain in that state; or to enter and stay in that state. \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" Example: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"座り込[すわりこ,すわりこむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to sit down and stay seated\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When combined with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"other-moving verbs\"\n }), \", it expresses that something is put into something else.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"スーツケース に 服[ふく] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">詰め込[つめこ,つめこむ]んだ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I crammed clothes into my suitcase.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.346-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When combined with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"self-moving verbs\"\n }), \", it expresses that something enters something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"プール に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">飛び込[とびこ,とびこむ]む\u003C\u002Fstrong> 前[まえ] に、深[ふか,ふかい]さ を 確認[かくにん] し[,為る*する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Before diving into the pool, I checked the depth.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.346-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For a few select verbs the assumed meaning is that something is done thoroughly.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先生[せんせい] は 生徒[せいと] に 基礎[きそ] 文法[ぶんぽう] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">教え込[おしえこ,おしえこむ]んだ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The teacher drilled basic grammar into the students.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.346-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The last meaning it can assume it the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to remain\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to stay\"\n }), \", as in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"座り込[すわりこ,すわりこむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to remain seated\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"疲[つか,つかれる]れすぎて、駅[えき] の ホーム で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">座り込[すわりこ,すわりこむ]んだ\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was so exhausted that I sat down on the station platform (and remained).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.346-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Stem + 込む\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"書き込[かきこ,かきこむ]む\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":3741,"title":5556,"mod":5557,"grammarPoint":5558,"grammarPointTitle":5559,"grammarPointDescription":5560,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5561,"similarGrammarPoints":5562,"tags":5563,"content":5564,"dependentGrammarPoints":5565,"language":22,"similarPoints":5566,"prereqPoints":5567},"An introduction to「かける・かかる」",1769240739620,"kakeru-kakaru-general-overview","[JLPT N5] 「かける・かかる」 (kakeru・kakaru) | Basic Usages | Japanese Grammar","Learn how the verbs かける and かかる express actions like spending time\u002Fmoney or making phone calls, depending on who initiates the action.",[],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"An introduction to「かける・かかる」\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かける[,かける]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かかる[,かかる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are some of the most versatile and frequently used words in Japanese. Here we will introduce just some of their functions. Because of this wide variety of uses, it is \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"impossible to give a single reliable translation\"\n }), \", as it highly depends on the context. You will understand what this means after this article.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The main difference between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かける[,かける]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かかる[,かかる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is that one is an other-moving verb, while the other one is a self-moving verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かける[,かける]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used when someone exerts influence on something else, while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かかる[,かかる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses that the action is only expressed on the subject, without being extended to others.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's first turn to a common usage that expresses that time or money is spent on someone or something. The general structure here is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> を かける[,かける]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> が かかる[,かかる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" being the action or thing that requires time\u002Fmoney and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \", the expense in terms of time or money.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この レポート は 時間[じかん] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">かけ[,かける]て\u003C\u002Fstrong> 書[か,かく]いた 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I wrote this report taking my time \u002F with care.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.347-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この アプリ の 設定[せってい] に は 時間[じかん] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">かかる[,かかる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Setting up this app takes time.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.347-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"その ゲーム に 金[かね] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">かける[,かける]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 価値[かち] は ある[,有る*ある] と 思[おも,おもう]う ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Do you think it’s worth spending money on that game?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.347-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 趣味[しゅみ]、思[おも,おもう]った より 金[かね] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">かかる[,かかる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> ん だ よ ね 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This hobby costs more money than I expected.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.347-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The second most common usage is to say that one calls someone or that a call is is coming in. The general structure is here \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 電話[でんわ] を かける[,かける]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 電話[でんわ] が かかる[,かかる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" being the target of the call.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"先[さき] に 店[みせ] に 電話[でんわ] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">かけ[,かける]て\u003C\u002Fstrong> 営業[えいぎょう] 時間[じかん] を 確認[かくにん] し[,為る*する]よう 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let’s call the shop first and check their business hours.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.347-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"詐欺[さぎ] の 電話[でんわ] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">掛[か,かかる]かって\u003C\u002Fstrong> き[,くる]た から 、直[す]ぐ に 切[き,きる]った 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A scam call came in, so (I) hung up right away.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.347-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"These are only two of the most common usages. If you want to see more, go to the bonus section, but don’t try to memorize them!\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かける[,かける]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かかる[,かかる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are typically written in hiragana, but can use the kanji \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"掛\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"架\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"懸\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" depending on the intended nuance. Out of the three, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"掛\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the most commonly used basic version. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"架\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used in the true physical sense of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to hang\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"be hung\"\n }), \". \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"懸\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" conveys the nuance that something hangs over something else.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Action + に + Time\u002FMoney + をかける\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ご飯[ごはん] を 作[つく,つくる]る の に 時間[じかん] を かける[,かける]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Action + に + Time\u002FMoney + がかかる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"修理[しゅうり] する[,する] の に 時間[じかん] が かかる[,かかる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Target + に + 電話 + をかける\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"家[いえ] に 電話[でんわ] を 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エンジン を かける 。 いつも ちゃんと ドア の 鍵[かぎ] を かけて いる 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"There is a mental pressure applied to individuals or organizations\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"会社[かいしゃ] に 脱税[だっぜい] の 疑[うたが]い が かかって いる 。 彼[かれ] の 今後[こんご] の 活躍[かつやく] に 期待[きたい] が かかる 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"彼[かれ] の 今後[こんご] の 活躍[かつやく] に 期待[きたい] を かける 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"To dispose of oneself or be disposed of\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"敵[てき] の 手[て] に かかる 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"自[みずか]ら の 手[て] に かける 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"The actions of the main subject cause an unwanted effect on another that is difficult to accept\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"親[おや] に 負担[ふたん] が かかって いる 。 迷惑[めいわく] が かかる 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"親[おや] に 負担[ふたん] を かける 。 母[はは] に は いつも 心労[しんろう] を かける 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Time, money, and effort are expended on a certain matter\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"入力[にゅうりょく] 作業[さぎょう] に 手間[てま] が かかる 。 手数料[てすうりょう] が ２５０円[にひゃくごじゅうえん] かかる 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"字[じ] の 練習[れんしゅう] に 時間[じかん] を かける 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Cooking utensils are placed on top of a heating appliance and heated\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かまど に 鍋[なべ] が かかって いる 。シチューが 火[ひ] に かかって いる 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"母[はは] が 鍋[なべ] を 火[ひ] に かけて いた 。 チョコレート を 湯煎[ゆせん] に かける 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Words (expressed through actions) emitted by another person or organization have an influence on individuals or organizations\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"監督[かんとく] から 選手[せんしゅ] たち に 全員[ぜんいん] 集合[しゅうごう] の 号令[ごうれい] が かかった 。 後ろ[うしろ] に いた 人[ひと] から 突然[とつぜん] 「ちょっと」 と 声[こえ] が かかった 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"息子[むすこ] に は いつも 「がんばれ」 と 声[こえ] を かけて いる 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"A word and another word have a relationship in terms of expression or grammar\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"この 形容詞[けいようし] は 後ろ[うしろ] の 名詞[めいし] に かかって いる 。 「ていねい に 服[ふく] を たたんだ 」 の 「 ていねい に 」 は 「 たたんだ 」 に かかって いる 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"To perform an act\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"公園[こうえん] に 芝居[しばい] が かかって いる 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"芝居小屋[しばいこや] を 掛ける[かける] 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Sound flows throughout the entire space OR make sound or air flow through a space\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"音楽[おんがく] が かかって いない 静か[しずか] な 図書館[としょかん] 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"早く[はやく] 音楽[おんがく] を かける 。 部屋[へや] に エアコン を かける 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Whether something is established depends on certain actions or conditions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"団体戦[だんたいせん] の 優勝[ゆうしょう] の 行方[ゆくえ] は 大将[たいしょう] の 活躍[かつやく] に かかって いる 。 事[こと] の 成否[せいぴ] は、 今[いま] まで どれだけ 努力[どりょく] した か に かかって いる 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"To carry out something while being prepared to lose\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"威信[いしん] を 賭けて[かけて] 戦う[たたかう] の は 賢い[かしこい] 決意[けつい] だ と いう わけ で は ありません 。 一発[いっぱつ] 逆転[ぎゃくてん] を 懸ける[かける] 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Offer something irreplaceable to the subject as a consideration for a result that is uncertain, in an attempt to obtain it\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"最終レース[さいしゅうレース] に 全財産[ぜんざいさん] を かける 。 私[わたし] が 命[いのち] を かけて 姫[ひめ] を 守る[まもる] 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"People or events enter an important stage of something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"会談[かいだん] が 終盤[しゅうばん] に かかる 。 工事[こうじ] は 最大[さいだい] の 難所[なんしょ] に かかって いる 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"To multiply\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"二[に] に 三[さん] を かける と 六[ろく] に なる 。 「 速さ[はやさ] 」 に 「 時間[じかん] 」 を かけたら 、 「 距離[きょり] 」 が 出せる[だせる] 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"The subject guarantees their words and deeds by referring to an absolute being or their own titles (used as にかけて)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"神[かみ] に かけて 誓う[ちかう] 。 祖父[そふ] の 名[な] に かける 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"To wish for divine help\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"神様[かみさま] に 願[ねが] を 懸けた[かけた] 。 望み[のぞみ] を かける 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"To play on words\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"「 長雨[ながあめ] 」 を 「 眺め[ながめ] 」 に かける 。 「 秋[あき] 」 を 「 飽き[あき] 」 に かけて いる 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"To give a ball a rotation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"打球[だきゅう] に ドライブ が かかる 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"打球[だきゅう] に 回転[かいてん] を かける 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"To overcharge\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"定価[ていか] に 二倍[にばい] を かけて 売る[うる] 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"To pay bills regularly\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"保険金[ほけんきん] を かけて いる 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"To crossbreed\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"雌馬[めすま] に ロバ を かける 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"To fight against someone\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"者共[ものども] 、 掛かれ[かかれ] ！\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"To receive medical care or a doctor's examination\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"重症[じゅうしょう] だ から、すぐ 医者[いしゃ] に かかる べき です よ 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"To sell something at an auction\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"競売[けいばい] に かける 。\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":5569,"title":5570,"mod":5571,"grammarPoint":5572,"grammarPointTitle":5573,"grammarPointDescription":5574,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5575,"similarGrammarPoints":5576,"tags":5577,"content":5578,"dependentGrammarPoints":5579,"language":22,"similarPoints":5580,"prereqPoints":5581},20463397960289,"「かける」(1) Indicate that an action is directed at someone",1769240832418,"kakeru-exerting-influence","[JLPT N5] 「かける」 (kakeru) | Indicate That an Action Is Directed At Someone | Japanese Grammar","Use かける after verb stems to show you're initiating an action toward someone—like starting to talk or calling out to them.",[],[],[23,17,3691],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「かける」(1) Indicate that an action is directed at someone\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Indicates an action is being directed to someone\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かける[,かける]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be attached to the stem of other verbs to express different meanings. In this article we will focus on the idea that one exerts influence on others. Therefore, the verbs this is used with tend to express actions that involve others, like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"話[はな,はなす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to talk\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"呼[よ,よぶ]ぶ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to call\"\n }), \". So while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"話す[はなす]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to talk\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"話[はな,はなしかける]しかける\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses that one \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"talks to (someone)\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"昨日[きのう]、同[おな]じ 服[ふく] の 人[ひと] を 二人[ふたり] も \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">見[み,みかける]かけた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yesterday I saw two people wearing the same outfit.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.348-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"道[みち] で 外国人[がいこくじん] に 英語[えいご] で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">話[はな,はなしかける]しかけられた\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A foreigner spoke to me in English on the street.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.348-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Stem + かける\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"話[はな,はなしかける]しかける\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":5583,"title":5584,"mod":5585,"grammarPoint":5586,"grammarPointTitle":5587,"grammarPointDescription":5588,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5589,"similarGrammarPoints":5590,"tags":5591,"content":5592,"dependentGrammarPoints":5593,"language":22,"similarPoints":5594,"prereqPoints":5597},20463397960290,"「かける」(2) \"Do X halfway\" or “almost X’d\"",1769240878503,"kakeru-do-something-halfway-almost","[JLPT N5] 「かける」 (kakeru) | \"Do X Halfway\" or “Almost X’d\" | Japanese Grammar","Describes how かける shows actions that are partway done, about to start, or just beginning—whether intentional or unintentional.",[3741],[5569],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「かける」(2) \\\"Do X halfway\\\" or “almost X’d\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"To be partway doing, to be about to, to begin (but not complete)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this article we will focus on more functions that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"かける[,かける]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can have when attached to the stem of a verb. Depending on whether the action expressed is intentional or unintentional, the meaning changes a bit.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When attached to a verb that expresses an intentional action, the meaning is that the action has started but is still in progress and not finished.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"友達[ともだち] に 電話[でんわ] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">掛[か,かける]け かけ[,かける]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 時[とき] 、その 友達[ともだち] から 電話[でんわ] が 掛[か,かかる]かって き[,くる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Just as (I) was about to call (my) friend, (a) call came in from that friend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.349-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When the verb expresses an unintentional action, it expresses that a certain state was about to begin, but has not yet been reached.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"風[かぜ] で 看板[かんばん] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">倒[たお,たおれる]れ かけ[,かける]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The sign almost fell over because of the wind.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.349-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"風[かぜ]で 蝋燭[ろうそく] の 火[ひ] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">消[き,きえる]え かけ[,かける]た\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The wind almost blew out the candle.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.349-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Stem + かける\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"死[し,しにかける]にかける\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[5595],{"id":5569,"title":5570,"mod":5571,"grammarPoint":5572,"grammarPointTitle":5573,"grammarPointDescription":5574,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5575,"similarGrammarPoints":5576,"tags":5596,"content":5578,"dependentGrammarPoints":5579,"language":22},[27,21,53],[5598],{"id":3741,"title":5556,"mod":5557,"grammarPoint":5558,"grammarPointTitle":5559,"grammarPointDescription":5560,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5561,"similarGrammarPoints":5562,"tags":5599,"content":5564,"dependentGrammarPoints":5565,"language":22},[27,21],{"id":3686,"title":3735,"mod":3736,"grammarPoint":3737,"grammarPointTitle":3738,"grammarPointDescription":3739,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":3740,"similarGrammarPoints":3742,"tags":5601,"content":3744,"dependentGrammarPoints":3745,"language":22,"similarPoints":5602,"prereqPoints":5605},[1054,17],[5603,3723],{"id":1594,"title":1595,"mod":1596,"grammarPoint":1597,"grammarPointTitle":1598,"grammarPointDescription":1599,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":1600,"similarGrammarPoints":1601,"tags":5604,"content":1608,"dependentGrammarPoints":1609,"language":22},[52,21,1607],[3804,3806,3808,5598],{"id":5607,"title":5608,"mod":5609,"grammarPoint":5610,"grammarPointTitle":5611,"grammarPointDescription":5612,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5613,"similarGrammarPoints":5614,"tags":5615,"content":5616,"dependentGrammarPoints":5617,"language":22,"similarPoints":5618,"prereqPoints":5621},20463397960292,"「Verb + 直す」Redo something",1769248914477,"naosu-redo-something","[JLPT N4] 「Verb + 直す」 (naosu) | Redo Something | Japanese Grammar","Use 直す after verbs to show redoing an action or a situation improving, depending on whether the verb is volitional or not.",[2727,2728,2729],[3843],[1034,17,3691],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「Verb + 直す」Redo something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"To redo\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"直[なお,なおす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to repair\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to change\"\n }), \" can be attached to the stem of other verbs to give them a specific meaning. The exact meaning depends on both the verb it is attached to, and on whether the verb is volitional or not.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When attached to the stem of a volitional verb, this combination expresses that an action is repeated. Often because the result of doing something the first time wasn’t satisfying.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"うまく[,うまい] 弾[ひ,ひく]けない 所[ところ] を 何度[なんど] も \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">弾[ひ,ひく]き 直[なお,なおす]して\u003C\u002Fstrong> 練習[れんしゅう] し[,する]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) practiced the parts (I) couldn't play well by replaying (them) over and over.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.351-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"こんな 簡単[かんたん] な 漢字[かんじ] も 読[よ,よめる]めない の か ！　もう一度[もういちど] 、小学生[しょうがくせい] から \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">やり直[やりなお,やりなおす]して こい[,くる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(You) can't even read these simple kanji!? Go back and redo (your studies) once again from (the time you were) an elementary school student, and come back!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.351-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When used with non-volitional verbs, it expresses a spontaneous change of a situation for the better. The verbs that combine with this form are limited.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"下着[したぎ] 泥棒[どろぼう] を 捕[つか,つかまえる]まえた ん だって ね ！君[きみ] の 勇敢[ゆうかん] さ を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">見直[みなお,みなおす]した\u003C\u002Fstrong> よ ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I heard (you) caught the underwear thief! (I've) seeing! 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{\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"致す[いたす]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 2,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"言う[いう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to say\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 2,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"言います[いいます]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 2,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おっしゃる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 2,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"申す[もうす]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"申し上げる[もうしあげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiTableRow, {}), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 2,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来る[くる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to come\"\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行く[いく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 2,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来ます[きます]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行きます[きます]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 2,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いらっしゃる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おいで に なる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 2,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"参る[まいる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiTableRow, {}), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 3,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"聞く[きく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to ask\"\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"尋ねる[たずねる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to inquire\"\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"訪問[ほうもん] する\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to visit\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 3,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"聞きます[ききます]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"尋ねます[たずねます]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"訪問[ほうもん] します\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 3\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 3,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"伺う[うかがう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiTableRow, {}), _jsx(UiTableRow, {}), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 2,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to exist\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 2,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"います\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 2,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いらっしゃる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おいで に なる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 2,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiTableRow, {}), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"会う[あう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to meet\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"会います[あいます]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お 会い[あい] に なる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お 目[め] に かかる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"知る[しる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to know\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"知ります[しります]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ご 存知[ぞんち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"存じ上げる[ぞんじあげる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 2,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食べる[たべる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to eat\"\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飲む[のむ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to drink\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 2,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食べます[たべます]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飲みます[のみます]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 2,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"召し上がる[めしあがる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n verticalAlign: \"middle\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 2,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いただく\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiTableRow, {})]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[2202],{"id":67,"title":87,"mod":88,"grammarPoint":89,"grammarPointTitle":90,"grammarPointDescription":91,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":92,"similarGrammarPoints":94,"tags":5645,"content":97,"dependentGrammarPoints":98,"language":22,"similarPoints":5646,"prereqPoints":5647},[23,17,5631],[],[5648],{"id":93,"title":5623,"mod":5624,"grammarPoint":5625,"grammarPointTitle":5626,"grammarPointDescription":5627,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5628,"similarGrammarPoints":5629,"tags":5649,"content":5640,"dependentGrammarPoints":5641,"language":22},[27,21,96,5639],{"id":5651,"title":5652,"mod":5653,"grammarPoint":5654,"grammarPointTitle":5655,"grammarPointDescription":5656,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5657,"similarGrammarPoints":5658,"tags":5659,"content":5660,"dependentGrammarPoints":5661,"language":22,"similarPoints":5662,"prereqPoints":5663},20463397960295,"「ます」Creating the polite form of verbs",1769249119467,"masu-creating-polite-form","[JLPT N5] 「ます」 (masu) | Creating the Polite Form of Verbs | Japanese Grammar","Learn how to make verbs polite using the ます-form—essential for daily conversations and simple to build from any verb stem.",[93],[],[23,17,3691,5631],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ます」Creating the polite form of verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Polite\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ます\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"-form is what you will use in most daily conversations when speaking with someone you don't know well. The formation of this form for all verb versions (present, past, negative, past-negative) is straightforward and begins with the (i-)stem of the verb. Let's do a quick review.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For u-verbs, replace the final \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"u\"\n }), \" sound with an \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"i\"\n }), \" sound.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"出[だ,だす]す ・ す　→　し ・ 出[だ,だす]し\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to take out\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"書[か,かく]く ・ く　→　き ・ 書[か,かく]き\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to write\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For ru-verbs, remove the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる　→　食[た,たべる]べ\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to eat\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"And as always, irregular verbs do not follow any rule.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"する[,為る*する]　→　し\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to do\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"くる[,くる]　→　き\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to come\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ある[,有る*ある]　→　あ[,有る*ある]り\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to exist\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"いく[,いく]　→　いき\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to go\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ある[,有る*ある]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いく[,いく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" conjugate here regular, like a u-verb.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To make verbs more polite, simply attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ます\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ません\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ました\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ません でした\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the stem. This will make the verb polite-present, negative, past, or past-negative, respectively.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べます\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"eat\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べません\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"do not eat\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べました\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"ate\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べません でした\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"did not eat\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"カード を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">使[つか,つかう]います\u003C\u002Fstrong> か、現金[げんきん] です か ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Will you use a card, or cash?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.354-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は 何[なに] も \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">食[た,たべる]べません\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I won’t eat anything today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.354-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"週末[しゅうまつ] に 友達[ともだち] と 一緒[いっしょ] に 料理[りょうり] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]ました\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"On the weekend, I cooked together with a friend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.354-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It's important to note that the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ます\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"-form can only be used at the end of a sentence or sub-sentence, and cannot be used in relative clauses.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"借[か,かりる]りました 本[ほん]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"borrowed book\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"借[か,かりる]りた 本[ほん]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"borrowed book\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Stem + ます・ません・ました・ませんでした\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べます\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[5648],{"id":815,"title":844,"mod":845,"grammarPoint":846,"grammarPointTitle":847,"grammarPointDescription":848,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":849,"similarGrammarPoints":850,"tags":5665,"content":852,"dependentGrammarPoints":853,"language":22,"similarPoints":5666,"prereqPoints":5667},[23,17],[],[],{"id":5669,"title":5670,"mod":5671,"grammarPoint":5672,"grammarPointTitle":5673,"grammarPointDescription":5674,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5675,"similarGrammarPoints":5676,"tags":5677,"content":5678,"dependentGrammarPoints":5679,"language":22,"similarPoints":5680,"prereqPoints":5681},20463397960297,"「どう」(2) Ask \"in what way?\"",1769249799651,"dou-ask-in-what-way","[JLPT N5] 「どう」 (dou) | \"In What Way?\" | Japanese Grammar","Using どう to ask in what way something is done, such as how to read a name or respond to a question.",[],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「どう」(2) Ask \\\"in what way?\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Besides its basic use to ask \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"how\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used to ask \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in what way?\"\n }), \". The exact meaning of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"どう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" depends on the context.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 町[まち] の 名前[なまえ] は 、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どう\u003C\u002Fstrong> 読[よ,よむ]みます か ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How do you read the name of this town?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.356-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"「何[なに] が あっ[,ある]た の ？」と 言[い,いう]う 母[はは] の 問[と]い に 、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">どう\u003C\u002Fstrong> 答[こた,こたえる]えて 良[い,いい]い か 分[わ,わかる]からない まま 黙[だま,だまる]って い[,いる]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) was silent, not knowing how to answer (my) mother's question asking \\\"What happened?\\\".\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.356-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":4439,"title":5683,"mod":5684,"grammarPoint":5685,"grammarPointTitle":5686,"grammarPointDescription":5687,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5688,"similarGrammarPoints":5689,"tags":5690,"content":5691,"dependentGrammarPoints":5692,"language":22,"similarPoints":5693,"prereqPoints":5694},"「いただく」The humble word for “to receive\"",1769249220751,"itadaku-when-you-receive-something","[JLPT N3] 「いただく」 (itadaku) | The Humble Form of \"To Receive\" | Japanese Grammar","Use the humble verb いただく to politely say you received something, benefited from someone's action, or were allowed to do something.",[],[2233],[1054,17,5635],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「いただく」The humble word for “to receive\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"To receive, to get, to accept, to take\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いただく\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has many uses that all originate from the same base meaning. Generally you can remember it as the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"謙譲語[けんじょうご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"humble language\"\n }), \" version of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もらう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". So let’s explore some of its major uses.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When speaking to someone of a higher status, you can elevate them by replacing \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もらう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いただく\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お父[おとう]さん から 高級[こうきゅう] な 壺[つぼ] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">頂[いただ,いただく]きました\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) received a high end jar from my father.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.357-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Similar to the usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"もらう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いただく\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be attached to the て-form of a verb to express that you \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"receive the benefit of someone's action\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"あなた の 電話番号[でんわばんごう] を 、教[おし,おしえる]えて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">いただけ[,いただける]ます\u003C\u002Fstrong> か ？\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Can (you) please tell (me) your phone number?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.357-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The next form expresses a request to allow oneself to perform a certain action. This is done by attaching \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いただく[,いただく]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the causative-て-form of a verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"最近[さいきん] 、体[からだ] の 調子[ちょうし] が 悪[わる,わるい]い から 、休暇[きゅうか] を 取[と,とる]らせて \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">頂[いただ,いただく]きます\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm (humbly) taking time off because (I) have not been feeling well lately.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.357-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The causative-form of verbs conjugates like ru-verbs, so to turn it into its て-from, just replace \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"て\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + いただく\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"来[き,くる]て いただく[,いただく]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"お・ご + Verb-Stem + いただく\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お 話[はな,はなす]し いただく[,いただく]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Causative-て-Form + いただく\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"読ませて[よませて] いただく\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + をいただく\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"言葉[ことば] を いただく\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[4488],[],{"id":5696,"title":5697,"mod":5698,"grammarPoint":5699,"grammarPointTitle":5700,"grammarPointDescription":5701,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5702,"similarGrammarPoints":5703,"tags":5704,"content":5705,"dependentGrammarPoints":5706,"language":22,"similarPoints":5707,"prereqPoints":5708},20463397960299,"「お」The politeness prefix",1769249799652,"o-make-word-more-polite","[JLPT N3] 「お」 (o) | A Prefix That Makes Nouns\u002FAdjectives More Polite | Japanese Grammar","Using the prefix お with nouns and adjectives adds politeness to speech, as in お金 or お美しい. It's a common way to sound more respectful.",[],[],[1054,17,5631,5635],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「お」The politeness prefix\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another way to increase politeness is to add the prefix \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to nouns and adjectives. You may have already encountered this prefix in words such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お 金[かね]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お 腹[なか]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". In these specific cases, the use of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is not necessarily more polite, as it has become the standard way to refer to those things. However, in other cases, the use of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can convey a greater level of politeness.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">お 美[うつく,うつくしい]しい\u003C\u002Fstrong> 笑顔[えがお] に 見[み,みとれる]とれて しま[,しまう]いました 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I couldn’t help staring at your beautiful smile.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.358-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">お 風呂[ふろ]\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 入[はい,はいる]って から 宿題[しゅくだい] する[,為る*する] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I’ll do my homework after taking a bath.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.358-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, the prefix \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added directly to the noun or adjective.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"お + い-Adjective\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お 忙[いそが,いそがしい]しい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"お + な-Adjective\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お 上手[じょうず]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"お + Noun\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お 金[かね]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":5710,"title":5711,"mod":5698,"grammarPoint":5712,"grammarPointTitle":5713,"grammarPointDescription":5714,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5715,"similarGrammarPoints":5716,"tags":5717,"content":5718,"dependentGrammarPoints":5719,"language":22,"similarPoints":5720,"prereqPoints":5723},20463397960300,"「ご」Another prefix that makes nouns polite","go-make-noun-more-polite","[JLPT N3] 「ご」 (go) | Another Polite Prefix For Nouns | Japanese Grammar","Use ご to make words more polite—mainly with Chinese-origin words. Learn the basic rule, spot exceptions, and understand when お is used instead.",[],[5696],[1054,17,5631,5635],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ご」Another prefix that makes nouns polite\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another way to increase politeness is to add the prefix \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ご\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to nouns and adjectives.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ご\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" serves the same function as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" but is used for different words. Learning which word uses which as you encounter them is probably the easiest and least stressful way. However, we will provide some \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"rules\"\n }), \" below.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ご 両親[りょうしん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 今[いま]、日本[にほん] に いらっしゃ[,いらっしゃる]います か 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Are your parents in Japan right now?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.359-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ご 遺体[いたい]\u003C\u002Fstrong> は 病院[びょういん] から 安置所[あんちじょ] へ 搬送[はんそう] され[,為る*する]ました 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The deceased’s body was transported from the hospital to the mortuary.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.359-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now that we have gone over \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ご\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", let's see how you can determine which to use. On a basic level, it is quite easy. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used for words of Japanese origin, while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ご\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used for words of Chinese origin. That should help you decide in most cases.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You can determine which one to use by looking at the word's reading. If the word uses Kun readings, it is of Japanese origin, while if it uses On readings, it is of Chinese origin.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"There are more things to consider when deciding which of the two to use, but for your learning process the above rule of thumb is sufficient. If you still want to know more, you can look into this article's advanced section.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Kun readings are mainly used when the kanji is used alone (e.g., \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"親[!おや]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"parent\"\n }), \"), while On readings are mainly used when kanjis are combined (e.g., \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"指導[!しどう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"guidance\"\n }), \"). However, this is a rather loose rule of thumb and does not always apply (e.g., \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"親指[!おやゆび]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"thumb\"\n }), \").\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"ご + Noun\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ご 家族[かぞく]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiMigachuToggle, {\n text: \"Advanced Content\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsxs(UiCardItem, {\n children: [_jsx(UiSvg, {\n raw: \"\u003Csvg 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If you are interested, read on.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Words like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"電話[でんわ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"telephone\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"時間[じかん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"time\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"野菜[やさい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"vegetables\"\n }), \" are examples of words that are of Chinese origin but still use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This is because these words have been in the Japanese vocabulary for so long that most native speakers do not consider them to be Chinese anymore.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are also words that use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ご\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" depending on whether you are speaking or writing. Three of these words are \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"誕生[たんじょう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"birth\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"返事[へんじ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"reply\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"勉強[べんきょう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"study\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Lastly, there are words for which you cannot use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ご\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". These include:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Natural occurrences, animals and plants (e.g. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"台風[たいふう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"typhoon\"\n }), \")\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Public places or transport (e.g. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"電車[でんしゃ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"train\"\n }), \")\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Foreign words that are written in katakana (e.g. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"コーヒー\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"coffee\"\n }), \")\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[5721],{"id":5696,"title":5697,"mod":5698,"grammarPoint":5699,"grammarPointTitle":5700,"grammarPointDescription":5701,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5702,"similarGrammarPoints":5703,"tags":5722,"content":5705,"dependentGrammarPoints":5706,"language":22},[83,21,96,5639],[],{"id":2502,"title":2521,"mod":2522,"grammarPoint":2523,"grammarPointTitle":2524,"grammarPointDescription":2525,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2526,"similarGrammarPoints":2527,"tags":5725,"content":2529,"dependentGrammarPoints":2530,"language":22,"similarPoints":5726,"prereqPoints":5727},[23,17],[2550,2508],[],{"id":5729,"title":5730,"mod":5731,"grammarPoint":5732,"grammarPointTitle":5733,"grammarPointDescription":5734,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5735,"similarGrammarPoints":5736,"tags":5737,"content":5738,"dependentGrammarPoints":5739,"language":22,"similarPoints":5740,"prereqPoints":5741},20463397960302,"「ましょう」A formal way to say “let’s do X\"",1769249466769,"mashou-show-volition","[JLPT N5] 「ましょう」 (mashou) | The Formal Volitional Form | Japanese Grammar","Use the verb stem + ましょう to politely say \"let's do ~,\" offer help, suggest joint action, or invite someone to do something together.",[],[2644,2645,2646],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ましょう」A formal way to say “let’s do X\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Let's do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"We already introduced the basic volitional form in a previous lesson. However, there is a more formal volitional form that is fortunately much easier to build, as it simply uses the stem of verbs. To form this, take the (i-)stem of a verb and attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ましょう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"出[だ,だす]す　→　出[だ,だす]し　→　出[だ,だす]しましょう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's put (it) out.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べる　→　食[た,たべる]べ　→　食[た,たべる]べましょう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's eat.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"する[,為る*する]　→　し　→　し[,為る*する]ましょう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's do it.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The basic usage of this form is to show volition, meaning that it conveys the speaker’s deliberate intention or will to carry out an action.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"荷物[にもつ] が 重[おも,おもい]そう です ね 。手伝[てつだ,てつだう]って \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あげ[,あげる]ましょう\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Your luggage looks heavy. Let me help you.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.361-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Besides expressing the speaker’s volition, it is also used to prompt or invite the other party to take action, often functioning as a soft suggestion or encouragement rather than a direct command.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"テスト が 近[ちか,ちかい]い から 、明日[あした] 皆[みな] で 一緒[いっしょ] に 勉強[べんきょう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">し[,為る*する]ましょう\u003C\u002Fstrong> ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The test is close, so let's all study together tomorrow!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.361-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Next, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ましょう (か)\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"offer or suggest an action that the speaker will perform for the benefit of the listener\"\n }), \", often functioning as a polite proposal or offer of assistance. When used with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"か\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it softens the statement into a question, making the suggestion sound more considerate and less assertive.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"明日[あした]、駅[えき] まで 一緒[いっしょ] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">行[い,いく]きましょう か\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Shall we go to the station together tomorrow?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.361-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Another usage of the same construct is as a way to invite the other party to do something together with the speaker.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今日[きょう] は この 酒[さけ] と ビール が 超[ちょう] 安[やす,やすい]い から 、お父[おとう]さん に 沢山[たくさん] 買[か,かう]って いっ[,いく]て \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">あげ[,あげる]ましょう\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Today, this alcohol and beer is super cheap, so let's buy a bunch for (your) father (and take it to him).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.361-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Normally the negative volitional form would be \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", as in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く まい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but it is not commonly used in modern colloquial Japanese. Instead, there are two ways to express the idea of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"let's not\"\n }), \". These constructs are \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">Verbの は やめ[,やめる]ましょう\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">Verbないで おき[,おく]ましょう\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". These two can be literally translated to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"let's stop doing something\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"let's leave ~ undone\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"行[い,いく]く の は やめましょう・よしましょう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's not go\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"行[い,いく]かないで おき[,おく]ましょう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's not go\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Stem + ましょう\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べましょう\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[4793,4795,4797],[],{"id":890,"title":897,"mod":898,"grammarPoint":899,"grammarPointTitle":900,"grammarPointDescription":901,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":902,"similarGrammarPoints":903,"tags":5743,"content":907,"dependentGrammarPoints":908,"language":22,"similarPoints":5744,"prereqPoints":5747},[23,17,137],[934,5745,3074],{"id":904,"title":922,"mod":923,"grammarPoint":924,"grammarPointTitle":925,"grammarPointDescription":926,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":927,"similarGrammarPoints":928,"tags":5746,"content":930,"dependentGrammarPoints":931,"language":22},[27,21,141],[],{"id":4414,"title":4432,"mod":4433,"grammarPoint":4434,"grammarPointTitle":4435,"grammarPointDescription":4436,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4437,"similarGrammarPoints":4438,"tags":5749,"content":4442,"dependentGrammarPoints":4443,"language":22,"similarPoints":5750,"prereqPoints":5765},[23,17,1998],[5751,5753],{"id":4439,"title":5683,"mod":5684,"grammarPoint":5685,"grammarPointTitle":5686,"grammarPointDescription":5687,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5688,"similarGrammarPoints":5689,"tags":5752,"content":5691,"dependentGrammarPoints":5692,"language":22},[83,21,5639],{"id":4440,"title":5754,"mod":5755,"grammarPoint":5756,"grammarPointTitle":5757,"grammarPointDescription":5758,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5759,"similarGrammarPoints":5760,"tags":5761,"content":5763,"dependentGrammarPoints":5764,"language":22},"「お～ください」Respectfully ask someone to do something",1769250630861,"okudasai-ask-someone-do-give-something","[JLPT N4] 「お～ください」 (o~kudasai) | Respectfully Ask Someone to Do Something | Japanese Grammar","Polite honorific request form using お・ご〜ください to say “please do A,” with usage notes, polite context, and verb restrictions.",[],[4414],[52,21,5762],"japanese-honorific-language","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「お～ください」Respectfully ask someone to do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お・ご \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> ください[,くださる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is formed in the same way as other \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お ～ X\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" combinations, by using the (i-)stem of a verb or a suru verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is a \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"尊敬語[そんけいご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"honorific language\"\n }), \" expression and as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お・ご \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> ください[,くださる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" it communicates the request, \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"please do \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> for me\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お 待[ま,まつ]ち ください\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"please wait\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"少々[しょうしょう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">お 待[ま,まつ]ち ください\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please wait a moment.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.380-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お 喫煙[きつえん] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ご 遠慮[えんりょ] ください[,くださる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please refrain from smoking.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.380-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お ～ ください[,くださる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a more polite expression compared to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさい[,なさる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and it can be utilized when making requests to individuals of various statuses, regardless of whether they are of higher or lower status than you.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One thing to note is that this pattern cannot use verbs that have only two syllables and are ru-verbs. This means words whose stem consists of only one syllable, like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"見[み,みる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to see\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"寝[ね,ねる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to sleep\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"出[で,でる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to leave\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"着[き,きる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to wear\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 絵[え] を お 見[み,みる] ください[,くださる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please look at this picture.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 絵[え] を ご覧[ごらん] ください[,くださる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please look at this picture.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"お + Verb-Stem + ください\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お 使[つか,つかう]い ください[,くださる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"ご + Suru-Verb + ください\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ご 利用[りよう] ください[,くださる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":5767,"title":5768,"mod":5769,"grammarPoint":5770,"grammarPointTitle":5771,"grammarPointDescription":5772,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5773,"similarGrammarPoints":5774,"tags":5775,"content":5776,"dependentGrammarPoints":5777,"language":22,"similarPoints":5778,"prereqPoints":5779},20463397960305,"「ぜひ」”Certainly!\"",1769249563652,"zehi-certainly","[JLPT N3] 「ぜひ」 (zehi) | \"Certainly!\" | Japanese Grammar","Use ぜひ to expresses strong desire or encouragement, often used with requests or wishes like “please do” or “I want you to,” but not with negatives or personal intentions.",[],[],[1054,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ぜひ」”Certainly!\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"By all means, definitely, certainly\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ぜひ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses the idea of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"by all means\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"definitely\"\n }), \". It is often combined with structures that expresses requests like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て ください[,くださる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or ones that express hopes and desires like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て ほしい[,ほしい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"By using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ぜひ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" a strong will or desire is expressed.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ぜひ\u003C\u002Fstrong>、感想[かんそう] を 聞[き,きく]かせて ください 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please tell me what you think.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.364-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"次[つぎ] の プロジェクト、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">是非[ぜひ]\u003C\u002Fstrong>、協力[きょうりょく] させ[,させる]て ください ！\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please let me help with the next project!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.364-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Written in kanji form, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ぜひ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" uses the kanji for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"是[ぜ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"right\u002Fjustice\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"非[ひ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"wrong\u002Finjustice\"\n }), \". Maybe this can help you remember the meaning, as you can look at it as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"whether right or wrong\"\n }), \", which can further be simplified to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"whatever may be the case\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ぜひ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has a few limitations.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It is not usually used with negative wishes or desires.\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ぜひ 食[た,たべる]べないで ください[,くださる] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please don't eat.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It cannot refer to the activities of non-humans.\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"明後日[あさって] は ぜひ 晴[は,はれて]れて ほしい[,ほしい] 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I hope it will be sunny the day after tomorrow.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It cannot be used to express intentions.\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ぜひ そこ に 行[い,いく]きます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will go there.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":5781,"title":5782,"mod":5783,"grammarPoint":5784,"grammarPointTitle":5785,"grammarPointDescription":5786,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5787,"similarGrammarPoints":5788,"tags":5789,"content":5790,"dependentGrammarPoints":5791,"language":22,"similarPoints":5792,"prereqPoints":5793},20463397960306,"How to give directions In Japanese",1769249591453,"how-give-direction-japanese","[JLPT N5] | How to Give Direction in Japanese | Japanese Grammar","How to give directions in Japanese using common patterns like 次の〜, 〜を曲がる, 渡る, and まっすぐ行く to describe routes and turning points.",[],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"How to give directions In Japanese\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When providing directions to someone, there are countless variations that can be difficult to summarize. It's important to keep this in mind when reading this article. We have attempted to break them down into the most fundamental structures you will encounter, but this is not an exhaustive list.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Because you're combining many actions, the て-form is used frequently when giving directions. Similarly, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with its meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if\"\n }), \" is used often to express what happens when you go in a particular direction (e.g. \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if you go left\"\n }), \").\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"次[つぎ] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is frequently used to express \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the next \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">次[つぎ] の\u003C\u002Fstrong> 交差点[こうさてん]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The next intersection\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.365-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">次[つぎ] の\u003C\u002Fstrong> ケーキ 屋[や]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The next cake shop\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.365-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">次[つぎ] の\u003C\u002Fstrong> 横断歩道[おうだんほどう]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The next pedestrian crossing\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.365-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> に・で 曲がって[まがって]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" being a place or object and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" a direction (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") or place (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"), is used to describe that one must turn in a specific direction at a certain place or object.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"次[つぎ] の \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">交差点[こうさてん] を 左[ひだり] に 曲[ま,まがる]がって\u003C\u002Fstrong>、コンビニ の 前[まえ] で 止[と,とめる]めて ください 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Turn left at the next intersection and stop in front of the convenience store.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.365-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">十字路[じゅうじろ] を 右[みぎ] に 曲[ま,まがる]がって\u003C\u002Fstrong>、二[ふた]つ 目[め] の 信号[しんごう] を 左[ひだり] です 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Turn right at the intersection, then turn left at the second traffic light.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.365-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Only \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong> に 曲[ま,まがる]がって\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">右[みぎ] に 曲[ま,まがる]がって\u003C\u002Fstrong>直進[ちょくしん] して 下[く,くださる]さい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please turn right and go straight.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.365-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To express that one has to cross a space, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> を 渡[わた,わたる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used. \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" can be anything, a road, an intersection, a pedestrian crossing, etc.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"横断歩道[おうだんほどう] を 渡[わた,わたる]る\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"cross the crosswalk\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"道[みち] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">を 渡[わた,わたる]って\u003C\u002Fstrong>、角[かど] を 右[みぎ] に 曲[ま,まがる]がって ください 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Cross the street and turn right at the corner.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.365-7-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"そこ の 横断歩道[おうだんほどう] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">を 渡[わた,わたる]ったら\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、左側[ひだりがわ] に ある[,ある] 店[みせ] に 入[はい,はいる]って 下[くだ,くださる]さい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please enter the store that's on the left side after crossing that crosswalk there.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.365-8-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To express that one has to continue along a road, path, or the like, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> を まっすぐ 行[い,いく]く と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> を 進[すす,すすむ]む と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are used. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"まっすぐ 行[い,いく]く と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if you go straight\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"進[すす,すすむ]む と\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if you proceed (in a certain direction; along a certain street)\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 先[さき] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">を まっすぐ 行[い,いく]く と\u003C\u002Fstrong> B 出口[でぐち] が あっ[,ある]て 、その 先[さき] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">を 進[すす,すすむ]む と\u003C\u002Fstrong> C 出口[でぐち] が あ[,ある]ります 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you go straight ahead there is Exit B, and then if you continue ahead there is the Exit C.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.365-9-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"General Structure\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"次のPlace\u002FObject\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"次[つぎ] の 角[かど]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"PlaceをDirectionに曲がる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"角[かど] を 右[みぎ] に 曲[ま,まがる]がる\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Spaceを渡る\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"橋[はし] を 渡[わた,わたる]る\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Spaceをまっすぐ行くと\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"道[みち] を まっすぐ 行[い,いく]く と\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Spaceを進むと\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"道[みち] を 進[すす,すすむ]む と\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":5795,"title":5796,"mod":5797,"grammarPoint":5798,"grammarPointTitle":5799,"grammarPointDescription":5800,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5801,"similarGrammarPoints":5802,"tags":5803,"content":5804,"dependentGrammarPoints":5805,"language":22,"similarPoints":5806,"prereqPoints":5809},20463397960307,"「なければならない」Express necessity to do something",1766827910844,"nakerebanaranai-express-necessity-do-something","[JLPT N4] 「なければならない」 (nakerebanaranai) | Express Cecessity to Do Something | Japanese Grammar","Use double negatives like なければならない to say someone must or has to do something. Works with verbs, adjectives, nouns, and more.",[],[5158],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「なければならない」Express necessity to do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Must, have to, need\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なければ なら[,なる]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なければ いけない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are used to express that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"someone must or has to do something\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Like other ways of saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"must\"\n }), \" in Japanese, this pattern also relies on a double negative to convey the idea of obligation.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なければ なら[,なる]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なければ いけない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used pretty much interchangeably.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To form this structure, take the negative form of a verb or い-adjective and replace the last い with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ければ なら[,なる]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べなければ なら[,なる]ない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"must eat\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"生活費[せいかつひ] を 払[はら,はらう]う ため に、もっと \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">稼[かせ,かせぐ]がなければ なら[,なる]ない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I have to earn more to pay my living expenses.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.366-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For nouns and な-adjectives, simply attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"で なければ なら[,なる]ない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to them.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か で なければ なら[,なる]ない\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"must be quiet\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"赤[あか]ちゃん が いる[,居る*いる] の で、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">静[しず]か で なければ なら[,なる]ない\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(Searching for a new house) \u003Cbr> (We) have a baby, so it must be quiet (the area).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.366-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you want to express a negative obligation, there is no special conjugation for this grammar point. You can simply use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なくて も いい[,いい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"法律[ほうりつ] に は 従[したが,したがう]わなくて も いい[,いい]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Not obeying the law is also good. 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However, if you are interested in how this form is constructed, keep reading. 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_jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[5807],{"id":5158,"title":5159,"mod":5160,"grammarPoint":5161,"grammarPointTitle":5162,"grammarPointDescription":5163,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5164,"similarGrammarPoints":5165,"tags":5808,"content":5167,"dependentGrammarPoints":5168,"language":22},[27,21],[],{"id":5811,"title":5812,"mod":5813,"grammarPoint":5814,"grammarPointTitle":5815,"grammarPointDescription":5816,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5817,"similarGrammarPoints":5818,"tags":5819,"content":5820,"dependentGrammarPoints":5821,"language":22,"similarPoints":5822,"prereqPoints":5823},20463397960308,"「ちょうだい」Another way to say “please\"",1769249651270,"choudai-make-request","[JLPT N3] 「ちょうだい」 (choudai) | Another Way to Say \"Please\" | Japanese Grammar","Learn how to use the casual request word ちょうだい with verbs and nouns—often used by women or children in familiar settings.",[],[2233,4414],[1054,17,5635],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ちょうだい」Another way to say “please\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Please\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another word that can be used similarly to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ください\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"頂戴[!ちょうだい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"And just like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ください\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it can also be attached to the て-form of verbs.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"頂戴[ちょうだい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is attached to nouns to politely ask for something, often implying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"please give me\"\n }), \", and is commonly used in requests, especially in spoken or semi-formal contexts.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"申し訳[もうしわけ] ない けど、参加費[さんかひ] として ５００円[ごひゃくえん,円*えん] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">頂戴[ちょうだい]\u003C\u002Fstrong> し[,為る*する]ます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Sorry, but I’ll be collecting 500 yen as the participation fee.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.367-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It can also be combined with the て-form. This way of making requests is usually used by women or children to people they have a close relationship with.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：王[おう] に 、あの 指輪[ゆびわ] を 渡[わた,わたす]して \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ちょうだい\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：はい 、分[わ,わかる]かりました 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Give the king that ring for me. \u003Cbr> B: Alright, understood.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.367-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"頂戴[ちょうだい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" word is usually written in hiragana, but in some very formal expressions, you may encounter it in its kanji form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"頂戴[ちょうだい] いた[,いたす]します。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will receive.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.367-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This grammar structure belongs to the category of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"謙譲語[けんじょうご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"humble language\"\n }), \", when used as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"頂戴[ちょうだい] する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"頂戴[ちょうだい] いたす[,いたす]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + ちょうだい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べて ちょうだい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Negative + でちょうだい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べないで ちょうだい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + をちょうだい\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"水[みず] を ちょうだい\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[4488,4431],[],{"id":4415,"title":4445,"mod":4446,"grammarPoint":4447,"grammarPointTitle":4448,"grammarPointDescription":4449,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4450,"similarGrammarPoints":4451,"tags":5825,"content":4454,"dependentGrammarPoints":4455,"language":22,"similarPoints":5826,"prereqPoints":5835},[1034,17,3691,5631],[5827,5829,5831,5833],{"id":2485,"title":4367,"mod":4368,"grammarPoint":4369,"grammarPointTitle":4370,"grammarPointDescription":4371,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4372,"similarGrammarPoints":4373,"tags":5828,"content":4375,"dependentGrammarPoints":4376,"language":22},[52,21,472],{"id":2486,"title":4380,"mod":4381,"grammarPoint":4382,"grammarPointTitle":4383,"grammarPointDescription":4371,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4384,"similarGrammarPoints":4385,"tags":5830,"content":4387,"dependentGrammarPoints":4388,"language":22},[52,21,472],{"id":2487,"title":4392,"mod":4393,"grammarPoint":4394,"grammarPointTitle":4395,"grammarPointDescription":4396,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4397,"similarGrammarPoints":4398,"tags":5832,"content":4400,"dependentGrammarPoints":4401,"language":22},[52,21,472],{"id":4452,"title":4458,"mod":4422,"grammarPoint":4459,"grammarPointTitle":4460,"grammarPointDescription":4461,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":4462,"similarGrammarPoints":4463,"tags":5834,"content":4465,"dependentGrammarPoints":4466,"language":22},[21,52],[],{"id":2472,"title":2478,"mod":2479,"grammarPoint":2480,"grammarPointTitle":2481,"grammarPointDescription":2482,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2483,"similarGrammarPoints":2484,"tags":5837,"content":2489,"dependentGrammarPoints":2490,"language":22,"similarPoints":5838,"prereqPoints":5841},[1034,17,5631],[5839,5827,5829,5831],{"id":2464,"title":2465,"mod":2466,"grammarPoint":2467,"grammarPointTitle":2468,"grammarPointDescription":2469,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2470,"similarGrammarPoints":2471,"tags":5840,"content":2474,"dependentGrammarPoints":2475,"language":22},[52,21],[1078],{"id":228,"title":256,"mod":257,"grammarPoint":258,"grammarPointTitle":259,"grammarPointDescription":260,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":261,"similarGrammarPoints":262,"tags":5843,"content":265,"dependentGrammarPoints":266,"language":22,"similarPoints":5844,"prereqPoints":5845},[5510,17,211,5631],[271,233,244],[],{"id":864,"title":870,"mod":871,"grammarPoint":872,"grammarPointTitle":873,"grammarPointDescription":874,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":875,"similarGrammarPoints":876,"tags":5847,"content":878,"dependentGrammarPoints":879,"language":22,"similarPoints":5848,"prereqPoints":5849},[23,17],[4217],[],{"id":5851,"title":5852,"mod":5853,"grammarPoint":5854,"grammarPointTitle":5855,"grammarPointDescription":5856,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5857,"similarGrammarPoints":5858,"tags":5859,"content":5860,"dependentGrammarPoints":5861,"language":22,"similarPoints":5862,"prereqPoints":5863},20463397960313,"「ならば」Another way to say “if\"",1769249795245,"naraba-express-if","[JLPT N4] 「ならば」 (naraba) | Another Way to Say \"If\" | Japanese Grammar","Used to express hypothetical situations or conditions, ならば means “if” or “in that case” and is a more formal version of なら.",[1063],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ならば」Another way to say “if\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"If, in case, if that is the case\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ならば\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has the same meaning and usage as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is not surprising considering that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なら\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is just the shortened version of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ならば\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This means that it is used as a way to make suppositions or hypotheses using the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if\"\n }), \". It is used to speculate about what \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"may\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"could\"\n }), \" happen in certain situations.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"日本[にほん] に 行[い,いく]く \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ならば\u003C\u002Fstrong>、京都[きょうと] に も 行[い,いく]きたい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If I go to Japan, I want to go to Kyoto too.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.372-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"約束[やくそく] し[,為る*する]た \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ならば\u003C\u002Fstrong>、最後[さいご] まで 守[まも,まもる]りなさい 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you made a promise, see it through to the end.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.372-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb (の) + ならば\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"行[い,いく]く ならば\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"い-Adjective (の) + ならば\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"難[むずか,むずかしい]しい ならば\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"な-Adjective + ならば\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"静[しず]か ならば\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + ならば\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"君[きみ] ならば\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[1132],{"id":891,"title":910,"mod":911,"grammarPoint":912,"grammarPointTitle":913,"grammarPointDescription":914,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":915,"similarGrammarPoints":916,"tags":5865,"content":918,"dependentGrammarPoints":919,"language":22,"similarPoints":5866,"prereqPoints":5867},[23,17],[934,5745,896],[],{"id":2503,"title":2532,"mod":2533,"grammarPoint":2534,"grammarPointTitle":2535,"grammarPointDescription":2536,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":2537,"similarGrammarPoints":2538,"tags":5869,"content":2540,"dependentGrammarPoints":2541,"language":22,"similarPoints":5870,"prereqPoints":5871},[1054,17],[],[2550],{"id":5873,"title":5874,"mod":5875,"grammarPoint":5876,"grammarPointTitle":5877,"grammarPointDescription":5878,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5879,"similarGrammarPoints":5880,"tags":5881,"content":5882,"dependentGrammarPoints":5883,"language":22,"similarPoints":5884,"prereqPoints":5885},20463397960316,"「ようと」Attempt to do something",1765942874948,"youto-attempt-do-something","[JLPT N4] 「ようと」 (youto) | \"Attempt to X\" | Japanese Grammar","Expresses an attempt to do something using the volitional form + と, often implying the action was started but not necessarily completed.",[],[],[1034,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「ようと」Attempt to do something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ようと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be combined with the volitional form of verbs and followed by an action to express an attempt to achieve the objective stated in the sentence fragment preceding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ようと\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For example, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ケーキ を 取[と,とる]ろう と 、手[て] を 出[だ,だす]した\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"put out my hand with the intent to get the cake\"\n }), \". Whether or not the cake was succcessfully gotten cannot be determined without more context, but this formation is often. although not exclusively, used to specify failed attempts at achieving an objective.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] は 自分[じぶん] の ケーキ を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">取[と,とる]ろう と\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、手[て] を 出[だ,だす]した 。すると 、弟[おとうと] が 先[さき] に ケーキ を 取[と,とる]って いっ[,いく]た 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) put out my hand trying to get my cake. As (I) did, (my) little brother took the cake first and ran off.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.375-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"淳[!じゅん] 君[くん] は 、来週[らいしゅう] の 旅行[りょこう] の 計画[けいかく] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">しよ[,する]う と\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、紙[かみ] と ペン を 出[だ,だす]しました 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Jun-kun took out paper and a pen thinking to make a plan for next week's trip.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.375-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-Volitional-Form + と + Action\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"しよ[,する]う と 頑張[がんば,がんばる]った\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":5887,"title":5888,"mod":5889,"grammarPoint":5890,"grammarPointTitle":5891,"grammarPointDescription":5892,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5893,"similarGrammarPoints":5894,"tags":5895,"content":5896,"dependentGrammarPoints":5897,"language":22,"similarPoints":5898,"prereqPoints":5899},20463397960317,"「おる」A humble version of いる",1769249900590,"oru-express-existence-more-humbly","[JLPT N3] 「おる」 (oru) | A Humble Version of いる | Japanese Grammar","Shows how to use the humble verb おる to express existence or ongoing actions in polite speech, as a more respectful version of いる.",[],[],[1054,17,5635],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「おる」A humble version of いる\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"To be, to exist\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is another word in the category of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"謙譲語[けんじょうご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"humble language\"\n }), \" , and it is a more humble version of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Let's go over some of its main uses.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Similar to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いる[,いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おる[,居る*おる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to indicate the existence of a person or animal. The general structure is the same as with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">Entity\u003C\u002Fstrong> が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">Place\u003C\u002Fstrong> に おる[,居る*おる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今[いま] 私[わたし] は 、母[はは] が 入院[にゅういん] し[,する]て いる[,いる] 病院[びょういん] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">おり[,おりる]ます\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I am (humbly) at the hospital where my mother is hospitalized now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.376-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おる[,居る*おる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used to created the continuous form, by combining it with the て-form of a verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"食[た,たべる]べて いる[,居る*いる]　→　食[た,たべる]べて おる[,居る*おる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Eating\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ただいま 担当者[たんとうしゃ] は 会議[かいぎ] に 出[で,でる]て \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">お[,居る*おる]ります\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The person in charge is currently in a meeting.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.376-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"殿[との] は 、日本語[にほんご] の 発音[はつおん] を 練習[れんしゅう] し[,為る*する]て \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">お[,居る*おる]ります\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) lord is (humbly) practicing Japanese pronunciation.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.376-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おる[,居る*おる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いる[,いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" use the same kanji 居, when written in kanji form.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + におる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"病院[びょういん] に お[,居る*おる]ります\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb-て-Form + おる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"し[,する]て お[,居る*おる]ります\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":5901,"title":5902,"mod":5903,"grammarPoint":5904,"grammarPointTitle":5905,"grammarPointDescription":5906,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5907,"similarGrammarPoints":5908,"tags":5909,"content":5910,"dependentGrammarPoints":5911,"language":22,"similarPoints":5912,"prereqPoints":5913},20463397960318,"「お～する」Humbly do something for someone",1769250630860,"osuru-do-action-for-someone-politely","[JLPT N4] 「お～する」 (o~suru) | Humbly Do Something For Someone | Japanese Grammar","Use お + verb stem + する to humbly describe your own actions that affect others. Often used in formal or business settings.",[5696],[],[1034,17,5635,3691],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「お～する」Humbly do something for someone\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be added to words to make them sound more polite. Besides nouns, and adjectives, it can also be added to verbs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As with many grammar points, it starts with the verbs (i-)stem to which you add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" before it, and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" after it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For example, the stem of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"持[も,もつ]つ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"持[も,もつ]ち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お 持[も,もつ]ち する[,為る*する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will carry\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"また の ご 来店[らいてん] を お 待[ま,まつ]ち し[,為る*する]て \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">お[,居る*おる]ります\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We look forward to welcoming you again.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.377-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 指輪[ゆびわ] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">お返[おかえ]し し[,為る*する]ます\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) am (humbly) returning this ring.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.377-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is important to note that this construct is used when the speaker talks about themselves, or someone in their in-group, and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"only when those actions affect someone else\"\n }), \". For this reason, the next sentence would be wrong.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] が お 読[よ,よむ]み し[,為る*する]ます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will read.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For suru verbs, not much changes. But be careful, there are a lot of suru verbs that are of Chinese origin and therefore take \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ご\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"明日[あした] 上[うえ] の 者[もの] が 、御社[おんしゃ] の ご 契約[けいやく] に ついて 電話[でんわ] で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ご 説明[せつめい] いた[,いたす]します\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tomorrow, a superior will (humbly) explain the company's contract by phone.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.377-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This grammar structure belongs to the category of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"謙譲語[けんじょうご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"humble language\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"お + Verb-Stem + する\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お 話[はな,はなす]し する[,為る*する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"お・ご + Suru-Verb + する\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ご 紹介[しょうかい] する[,為る*する]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[5721],{"id":5915,"title":5916,"mod":5903,"grammarPoint":5917,"grammarPointTitle":5918,"grammarPointDescription":5919,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5920,"similarGrammarPoints":5921,"tags":5922,"content":5923,"dependentGrammarPoints":5924,"language":22,"similarPoints":5925,"prereqPoints":5928},20463397960319,"「お～いたす」Very humbly do something for someone","oitasu-do-action-for-someone-more-politely","[JLPT N4] 「お～いたす」 (o~itasu) | Very Humbly Do Something For Someone | Japanese Grammar","Use the humble form お～いたす to politely describe actions that affect others. It’s a respectful way to talk about what you do for someone else.",[5696],[5901],[1034,17,5635],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「お～いたす」Very humbly do something for someone\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お ～ 致[いた,いたす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the humble variant of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お ～ する[,する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Luckily, there isn't much to memorize when it comes to the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いたす[,いたす]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as it is just the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"謙譲語[けんじょうご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"humble language\"\n }), \" form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To use this construct with verbs, you have to turn them into their (i-)stem, and then add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お ～ 致[いた,いたす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お 持[も,もつ]ち 致[いた,いたす]す\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will carry\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"長[なが,ながい]い 間[あいだ] 、あなた 様[さま] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">お 待[ま,まつ]ち いたし[,いたす]て\u003C\u002Fstrong> おりました 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(We) have been (humbly) waiting for your noble presence for a long time.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.378-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"最近[さいきん] 娘[むすめ] は 真面目[まじめ] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">お 勉強[べんきょう] いたし[,いたす]て\u003C\u002Fstrong> おり[,おる]ます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Recently, (my) daughter has been (humbly) studying earnestly.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.378-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This construct is used when the speaker talks about themselves, or someone in their in-group, and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"only when those actions affect someone else\"\n }), \". For this reason, the next sentence would be wrong.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] が お 読[よ,よむ]み 致[いた,いたす]します 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will read.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"お + Verb-Stem + いたす\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お 話[はな,はなす]し いたす[,いたす]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"お・ご + Suru-Verb + いたす\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ご 紹介[しょうかい] いた[,いたす]します\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[5926],{"id":5901,"title":5902,"mod":5903,"grammarPoint":5904,"grammarPointTitle":5905,"grammarPointDescription":5906,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5907,"similarGrammarPoints":5908,"tags":5927,"content":5910,"dependentGrammarPoints":5911,"language":22},[52,21,5639,53],[5721],{"id":5930,"title":5931,"mod":5755,"grammarPoint":5932,"grammarPointTitle":5933,"grammarPointDescription":5934,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5935,"similarGrammarPoints":5936,"tags":5938,"content":5943,"dependentGrammarPoints":5944,"language":22,"similarPoints":5945,"prereqPoints":5956},20463397960320,"「お～になる」Respectfully describe what someone does","oninaru-describe-someones-state-politely","[JLPT N4] 「お～になる」 (o~ninaru) | Respectfully Describe What Someone Does | Japanese Grammar","Politely describes someone else’s actions or state using honorific forms like お〜になる and ご〜なさる, showing respect in formal situations.",[5696],[5937],20463397960322,[1034,17,5939],{"id":5940,"title":5941,"description":5942,"slug":5762,"language":22},"1765940739148","Honorific Language","Lesson talks about how to use honorific language in some way.","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「お～になる」Respectfully describe what someone does\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The construct \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お ～ に なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is another way of using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This form describes the actions or state of another person, which tells us that it belongs to the category of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"尊敬語[そんけいご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"honorific language\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The formation is simple: you just insert the (i-)stem of a verb between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"に なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お 休[やす]み に なる[,成る*なる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(someone) goes to bed\u002Frest\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"どうぞ、こちら で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">お 休[やす,やすむ]み に な[,成る*なる]って\u003C\u002Fstrong> ください 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please go ahead and rest here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.379-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used with suru verbs, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" changes to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさる[,なさる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is the honorific form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] さん は 来春[らいしゅん]、\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ご 結婚[けっこん] なさ[,なさる]います\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Ms. Tanaka will be getting married next spring.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.379-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさる[,なさる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is an interesting case. It’s a u-verb and can be seen as the honorific form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but as you can see below, some forms have multiple options.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This is because, originally, the ます-form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさる[,なさる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" was formed as you’d expect from a u-verb: by turning る into り and adding ます, giving \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]ります\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Over time, however, り shifted to い because it’s easier to pronounce. Technically, both forms are correct, but in modern Japanese \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]います\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is far more common.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Tense\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Affirmative\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Negative\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさる[,なさる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]らない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Polite\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]います\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]ります\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]いません\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]りません\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Past\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]った\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]なかった\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Past-Polite\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]いました\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]りました\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]いません でした\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]りません でした\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"て-Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]って\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]らなくて\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Potential\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]れる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]れない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Receptive\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]られない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Causative\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]らせる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]らせない\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Imperative\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさ[,なさる]れ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさる[,なさる] な\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To make the potential, receptive, and causative forms polite, simply replace る with ます, or ない with ません.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"お + Verb-Stem + になる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お 話[はな,はなす]し に なる[,成る*なる]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"お・ご + Suru-Verb + なさる\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"ご 結婚[けっこん] なさ[,なさる]います\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[5946],{"id":5937,"title":5947,"mod":5755,"grammarPoint":5948,"grammarPointTitle":5949,"grammarPointDescription":5950,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5951,"similarGrammarPoints":5952,"tags":5953,"content":5954,"dependentGrammarPoints":5955,"language":22},"The reciptive form in honorific statements","being-more-polite-with-receptive-form","[JLPT N4] | Make Honorific Verbs With the Receptive Form | Japanese Grammar","Use the receptive form of verbs to politely describe others' actions—common but light honorific Japanese, with limitations in formal settings.",[4635,4649,4662],[5930],[52,21,5762],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"The reciptive form in honorific statements\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"*For others' actions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This is an additional usage of the receptive form of verbs (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"受身形[うけみけい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"receptive form\"\n }), \"). When referring to the action of another person, the receptive form can be used to make a sentence more polite.\\nTo form it, you can simply take a sentence and change the verb to its receptive form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"This means, there is no change in how particles are used!\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Below each receptive example sentence you can see the \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"normal\"\n }), \" form for comparison.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お 医者[いしゃ] 様[さま] は 、あそこ の 部屋[へや] で 患者[かんじゃ] の 診察[しんさつ] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">さ[,する]れて い[,いる]ます\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\u003Cbr>\\nお 医者[いしゃ] 様[さま] は、あそこ の 部屋[へや] で 患者[かんじゃ] の 診察[しんさつ] を し[,する]て い[,いる]ます 。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The doctor is doing the patient's medical examination in that room over there. [receptive\u002Fnormal]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.381-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"王様[おうさま] が 、今日[きょう] の 馬[うま] の 競争[きょうそう] を 見[み,みる] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">来[こ,くる]られました\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\u003Cbr>\\n王様[おうさま] が、今日[きょう] の 馬[うま] の 競争[きょうそう] を 見[み,みる] に 来[こ,くる]ました。\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The king (gracefully) came to watch the horse race today. [receptive\u002Fnormal]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.381-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are some additional points that we should mention regarding the usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"レル・ラレル\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (polite usage) and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～れる・～られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (receptive usage) of the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"受身形[うけみけい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"receptive form\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"First\"\n }), \", even if the receptive form and this polite form are etymologically connected, it is better to think of them as separate forms, as the usage of particles between the two varies. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"レル・ラレル\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (polite usage) has the same partical usage as a standard sentence, while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～れる・～られる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (receptive usage) does not.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Secondly\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"レル・ラレル\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is considered to be \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"軽[かる,かるい]い 敬語[けいご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"light honorific\"\n }), \", which means there are situations where it is not appropriate to use and where more formal honorific expressions are required. Knowing when it is appropriate to use only light honorifics is something even native speakers sometimes struggle with.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Lastly\"\n }), \", this form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"軽[かる,かるい]い 敬語[けいご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is becoming increasingly frowned upon, as it is seen as vague and unsuitable for certain situations. In addition, many younger people tend to overuse \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"レル・ラレル\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and when they later learn more formal honorific expressions, they sometimes combine them with what they already know, leading to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"二重敬語[にじゅうけいご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"redundant keigo\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"二重敬語[にじゅうけいご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"redundant keigo\"\n }), \" occurs when two forms of keigo are used simultaneously. For example, using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"レル・ラレル\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" together with an honorific verb like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おっしゃる[,おっしゃる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCard, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"But because \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"レル・ラレル 敬語[けいご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is still extremely common, you should be familiar with its usage. However, it should be understood as the lowest level of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"敬語[けいご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and higher honorific forms should be used when necessary.\"]\n })\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[5721],{"id":4440,"title":5754,"mod":5755,"grammarPoint":5756,"grammarPointTitle":5757,"grammarPointDescription":5758,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5759,"similarGrammarPoints":5760,"tags":5958,"content":5763,"dependentGrammarPoints":5764,"language":22,"similarPoints":5959,"prereqPoints":5960},[1034,17,5939],[4431],[],{"id":5937,"title":5947,"mod":5755,"grammarPoint":5948,"grammarPointTitle":5949,"grammarPointDescription":5950,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5951,"similarGrammarPoints":5952,"tags":5962,"content":5954,"dependentGrammarPoints":5955,"language":22,"similarPoints":5963,"prereqPoints":5966},[1034,17,5939],[5964],{"id":5930,"title":5931,"mod":5755,"grammarPoint":5932,"grammarPointTitle":5933,"grammarPointDescription":5934,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5935,"similarGrammarPoints":5936,"tags":5965,"content":5943,"dependentGrammarPoints":5944,"language":22},[52,21,5762],[4694,4696,4698],{"id":68,"title":100,"mod":101,"grammarPoint":102,"grammarPointTitle":103,"grammarPointDescription":104,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":105,"similarGrammarPoints":106,"tags":5968,"content":108,"dependentGrammarPoints":109,"language":22,"similarPoints":5969,"prereqPoints":5970},[1034,17,5631],[],[],{"id":290,"title":377,"mod":378,"grammarPoint":379,"grammarPointTitle":380,"grammarPointDescription":381,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":382,"similarGrammarPoints":383,"tags":5972,"content":385,"dependentGrammarPoints":386,"language":22,"similarPoints":5973,"prereqPoints":5974},[23,17,5631],[343],[],{"id":5976,"title":5977,"mod":5978,"grammarPoint":5979,"grammarPointTitle":5980,"grammarPointDescription":5981,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5982,"similarGrammarPoints":5983,"tags":5984,"content":5985,"dependentGrammarPoints":5986,"language":22,"similarPoints":5987,"prereqPoints":5988},20463397960325,"12 basic Japanese greetings",1769250526552,"greetings","[JLPT N5] | 12 Basic Japanese Greetings","Many everyday Japanese greetings are made of advanced parts. This article breaks them down to help you understand, not just memorize, what you're saying.",[67,4439,5696,5710,4415,228],[],[23,17],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const _components = {\n br: \"br\",\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n }, {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = _components;\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"12 basic Japanese greetings\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Greetings are a basic concept in every language on earth, but in Japanese they’re often built from more advanced vocabulary, ideas, and grammar patterns.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"So yes, you can just memorize these expressions and start using them right away—but understanding what they’re made of will help them stick much more easily.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's take \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ご 馳走[ちそう] さま でした\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as an example to show you what we mean.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ご\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Polite prefix] + \", _jsx(_components.br, {}), \"\\n\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"馳走[ちそう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Noun: ‘Feast’] + \", _jsx(_components.br, {}), \"\\n\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"さま\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Polite suffix] + \", _jsx(_components.br, {}), \"\\n\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"でした\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Past form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"です\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"]\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The table below shows other common greetings, their breakdown, and usage. In brackets you can also find other versions of the same greeting.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Word \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" (casual variants)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Construction\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Notes\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"初めまして[はじめまして]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Contraction of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"初めまして[はじめまして] お 目[め] に かかりまして\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Said when meeting someone for the first time, meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"nice to meet you\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よろしく お 願い[ねがい] します\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(よろしく ・ よろ)\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よろしい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" [(い-adjective: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"good\"\n }), \" in adverbial form] + \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Polite prefix] + \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"願い[ねがい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Noun: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"desire\"\n }), \"] + \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"します\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Verb: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to do\"\n }), \" in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ます\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"-form]\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Said when meeting someone for the first time, meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"please treat me well\"\n }), \"; sometimes shortened to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"よろしく\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in casual settings\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おはようございます\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(おはよう)\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Polite prefix] + \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"早う[はよう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Adverb: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"early\"\n }), \"] + \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"御座います[ございます]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Polite language version of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いる ・ ある\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"]\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Greeting that means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"good morning\"\n }), \"; often shortened to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おはよう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in casual settings\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こんにちは\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"今日[こんにち]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Alternative reading; \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"this day\"\n }), \"] + \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Particle]\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"General greeting that means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"hello\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"good day\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"こんばんは\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"今晩[こんばん]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [\", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"this evening\"\n }), \"] + \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"は\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Particle]\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Greeting that means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"good evening\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お 休みなさい[やすみなさい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(おやすみ・おやしゅみ)\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Polite prefix] + \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"やすみなさい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Verb: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to rest\"\n }), \" in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"-command-form]\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Parting phrase when heading to bed, meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"good night\"\n }), \", or more literally \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"rest\"\n }), \"; shortened to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お 休み[やすみ]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in casual speech\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いただきます\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いただく\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Verb: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to receive\"\n }), \" in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ます\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"-form]\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Said before a meal akin to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"bon appétit\"\n }), \" or more literally \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I humbly receive\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ご ちそう さま でした\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(ごちそう ・ ごち)\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ご\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Polite prefix] + \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"馳走[ちそう]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Noun: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Feast\"\n }), \"] + \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"さま\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Polite suffix] + \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"でした\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Past form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"です\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"]\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Said after finishing a meal, meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"thank you for the meal\"\n }), \"; sometimes shortened to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ごちそうさま\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or very informally to just \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ごち\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行って[いって] らっしゃい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行って[いって]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Verb: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to go\"\n }), \" in て-form] + \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いらっしゃる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Verb: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to come\"\n }), \"]\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Parting phrase that means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"go and come back safely\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行って[いって] きます\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行って[いって]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Verb: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to go\"\n }), \" in て-form] + \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"くる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Verb: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to come\"\n }), \" in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ます\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"-form]\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Parting phrase when you are the one leaving, meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I'm off\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"see you later\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ただいま\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"只今[ただいま]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Noun: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"right now\"\n }), \"]\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Said when one has returned or come home, meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I'm back\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お 帰りなすさい[かえりなさい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Polite prefix] + \", _jsx(\"br\", {}), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"帰りなすさい[かえりなさい]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" [Verb: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to return\"\n }), \" in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさい\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"-command-form]\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"Greeting said by the person already there, meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"welcome back\"\n }), \"; often shortened to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お 帰り[かえり]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In addition to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おはよう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", there is also the greeting \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おそよう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" which has a sarcastic connotation. The origin of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おはよう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" stems from the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"早[はよ,はよう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"early\"\n }), \", while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おそよう\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is derived from \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"遅[おそ,おそい]い\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"late\"\n }), \". Thus, it can be used as a greeting for someone who arrives late in the morning.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[86,5751,5721,5989,4444,255],{"id":5710,"title":5711,"mod":5698,"grammarPoint":5712,"grammarPointTitle":5713,"grammarPointDescription":5714,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5715,"similarGrammarPoints":5716,"tags":5990,"content":5718,"dependentGrammarPoints":5719,"language":22},[83,21,96,5639],{"id":5992,"title":5993,"mod":5994,"grammarPoint":5995,"grammarPointTitle":5996,"grammarPointDescription":5997,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5998,"similarGrammarPoints":5999,"tags":6001,"content":6002,"dependentGrammarPoints":6003,"language":22,"similarPoints":6004,"prereqPoints":6016},20463397960326,"「謙遜語」An introduction to humble language",1769250574523,"humble-language","[JLPT N4] | 「謙遜語」(kenjougo) | An introduction to humble language in Japanese","This article covers humble language in Japanese, focusing on replacing common verbs with humble alternatives. It shows how to express humility when referring to one's own actions.",[93],[6000],20463397960327,[1034,17,5635],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「謙遜語」An introduction to humble language\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Word replacements in humble language\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Besides special grammar patterns, Japanese also has a set of specific words used when you want to sound humble. Because these words don’t appear very often in the kind of content most learners usually see, it’s a good idea to quickly look at which everyday words they replace when you speak using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"謙遜語[けんじょうご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"humble language\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As a reminder, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"謙遜語[けんじょうご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"humble language\"\n }), \" is used to humble oneself and is therefore only appropriate when speaking about oneself or one's own group, such as family or company.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Below, for every humble sentence we will provide the normal polite version of the sentence for comparison in blue.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In humble language \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"見[み,みる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to see\"\n }), \" is replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"拝見[はいけん] する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"書類[しょるい] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">拝見[はいけん]\u003C\u002Fstrong> し[,為る*する]ました 。\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">書類[しょるい] を 見[み,みる]ました 。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I) have (humbly) reviewed the documents. \u003Cbr> [Humble\u002FPolite]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.385-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In humble language \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to do\"\n }), \" is replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"致[!いた,いたす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お疲れ様[おつかれさま] です ！　お 先[さき] に 失礼[しつれい] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">いたし[,いたす]ます\u003C\u002Fstrong> ！\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">お疲れ様[おつかれさま] です ！　お 先[さき] に 失礼[しつれい] し[,為る*する]ます！\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It was a tough day of work! (I'm humbly) leaving now! \u003Cbr> [Humble\u002FPolite]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.385-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In humble language, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"言[い,いう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to say\"\n }), \" can be replaced by either \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"申[もう,もうす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"申し上[もうしあ,もうしあげる]げる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The main difference is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"申し上[もうしあ,もうしあげる]げる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is even more formal than \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"申[もう,もうす]す\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". By adding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"上[あ,あげる]げる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you elevate the other person.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"田中[!たなか] 健太郎[!けんたろう] と \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">申[もう,もうす]します\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。よろしく お願[おねが]い し[,為る*する]ます 。\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">田中[!たなか] 健太郎[!けんたろう] と 言[い,いう]います 。よろしく お願[おねが]い し[,為る*する]ます 。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I'm) called Kentaro Tanaka. Pleased to meet you. \u003Cbr> [Humble\u002FPolite]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.385-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：旦那[だんな] 様[さま] 、奥様[おくさま] の 事[こと] で \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">申し上[もうしあ,もうしあげる]げたい\u003C\u002Fstrong> 事[こと] が ござい[,ござる]ます 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：何[なに] だ ね ？\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A：旦那[だんな] 様[さま] 、奥様[おくさま] の 事[こと] で 言[い,いう]いたい 事[こと] が ござい[,ござる]ます 。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">B：何[なに] だ ね ？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Sir Husband, (I humbly) have something to say about (your noble) wife. \u003Cbr> B: What is it? \u003Cbr> [Humble\u002FPolite]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.385-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In humble language, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[く,くる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to come\"\n }), \" are both replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"参[!まい,まいる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which can take on either meaning depending on the context.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"私[わたし] が 直[す]ぐ に 、そちら に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">参[まい,まいる]ります\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。少[すこ]し お 待[ま,まつ]ち ください[,くださる] 。\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">私[わたし] が 直[す]ぐ に 、行[い,いく]きます 。少[すこ]し お 待[ま,まつ]ち ください[,くださる] 。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will (humbly) be headed there soon. Please wait for a moment. \u003Cbr> [Humble\u002FPolite]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.385-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 5\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In humble language, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"聞[き,きく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"ask\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"尋[たず,たずねる]ねる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"inquire\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"訪問[ほうもん] する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"visit\"\n }), \" are all replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"伺[!うかが,うかがう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and the exact meaning depends on the context.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：明日[あした] の ３時[さんじ,時*じ] に 、お 家[うち] の 方[ほう] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">伺[うかが,うかがう]います\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\u003Cbr>\\nB：はい 。分[わ,わかる]かりました 。\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A：明日[あした] の ３時[さんじ,時\u002F*じ] に 、お 家[うち] の 方[ほう] に 訪問[ほうもん] します。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">B：はい 。分[わ,わかる]かりました 。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: I will visit your house at 3 o'clock tomorrow. \u003Cbr> B: Yes, I understand. \u003Cbr> [Humble\u002FPolite]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.385-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 6\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In humble language, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"会[あ,あう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to meet\"\n }), \" is replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お 目[め] に かかる[,かかる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". In the following sentence, you can also see that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て いる[,いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"～て おる[,おる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"社長[しゃちょう] が 、あなた 様[さま] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">お 目[め] に かかれる\u003C\u002Fstrong> 事[こと] を 楽[たの,たのしい]しみ に お 待[ま,まつ]ち し[,為る*する]て おり[,おる]ます 。\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">社長[しゃちょう] が 、あなた 様[さま] に 会う 事[こと] を、楽[たの,たのしい]しみ に し[,為る*する]ます 。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The company president is (humbly) looking forward to be able to (in humility,) meet your noble presence. \u003Cbr> [Humble\u002FPolite]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.385-7-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 7\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In humble language, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"知[し,しる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to know\"\n }), \" is replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"存じ上[ぞんじあ,ぞんじあげる]げる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"息子[むすこ] さん が お 書[か,かく]き に なっ[,なる]た 小説[しょうせつ] の 事[こと] は \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">存じ上[ぞんじあ,ぞんじあげる]げて\u003C\u002Fstrong> おり[,おる]ます 。\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">息子[むすこ] さん が お 書[か,かく]き に なっ[,なる]た 小説[しょうせつ] の 事[こと] は 知[し,しる]ってます。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I humbly) know of the novel that (your) son (nobly) wrote. \u003Cbr> [Humble\u002FPolite]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.385-8-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 8\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In humble language, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"食[た,たべる]べる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to eat\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"飲[の,のむ]む\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to drink\"\n }), \" are both replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"頂[いただ,いただく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：買[か,かう]って き[,くる]た 寿司[すし] ちゃんと 食[た,たべる]べた か ？\u003Cbr>\\nB：はい 、美味[おい,おいしい]しく \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">頂[いただ,いただく]きました\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A：買[か,かう]って き[,くる]た 寿司[すし] ちゃんと 食[た,たべる]べた か ？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">B：はい 、美味[おい,おいしい]しく 食[た,たべる]べました 。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Did (you) make sure to eat the sushi that (I) bought and brought (for you)? \u003Cbr> B: Yes, (I) ate it and it was delicious. \u003Cbr> [Humble\u002FPolite]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.385-9-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6005],{"id":6000,"title":6006,"mod":6007,"grammarPoint":6008,"grammarPointTitle":6009,"grammarPointDescription":6010,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6011,"similarGrammarPoints":6012,"tags":6013,"content":6014,"dependentGrammarPoints":6015,"language":22},"「尊敬語」An introduction to honorific language",1769250620398,"honorific-language","[JLPT N4] |「尊敬語」(sonkeigo) | An Introduction to Honorific Language in Japanese","This article covers key word replacements in honorific Japanese language, demonstrating how common verbs change in respectful speech, with example sentences for clarity.",[93],[5992],[52,21,5762],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"「尊敬語」An introduction to honorific language\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 2,\n children: \"Word replacements in honorific language\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Besides special g patterns, Japanese also has a set of specific words used when you want to speak in honorific language. Because these words don’t appear very often in the kind of content most learners usually see, it’s a good idea to quickly look at which everyday words they replace when you speak using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"尊敬語[そんけいご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"honorific language\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As a reminder, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"尊敬語[そんけいご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"honorific language\"\n }), \" is used to elevate the person you are speaking to. Therefore, it is only used when talking about other people and cannot be used to talk about oneself, or one’s in-group, such as family or company.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Every humble sentence will provide the normal polite version of the sentence for comparison in blue.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In honorific language, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"見[み,みる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to see\"\n }), \" is replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ご覧[ごらん] に なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"この 書類[しょるい] を \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">ご覧[ごらん] に なっ[,成る*なる]て\u003C\u002Fstrong> 下[くだ,くださる]さい 。\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">この 書類[しょるい] を 見[み,みる]て 下[くだ,くださる]さい 。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please (nobly) has a look at this document. \u003Cbr> [Honorific\u002FPolite]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.386-1-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In honorific language, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"する[,為る*する]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to do\"\n }), \" is replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"なさる[,なさる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お母様[おかあさま] に 早[はや,はやい]く 、ご 連絡[れんらく] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">なさる[,なさる]\u003C\u002Fstrong> と 良[い,いい]い でしょう 。\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">お母様[おかあさま] に 早[はや,はやい]く 、ご 連絡[れんらく] する[,する] と 良[い,いい]い でしょう 。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It would be good (for you) to (nobly) contact (your noble) mother soon. \u003Cbr> [Honorific\u002FPolite]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.386-2-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In honorific language, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"言[い,いう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to say\"\n }), \" is replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おっしゃる[,おっしゃる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"山田[!やまだ] 先生[せんせい] が \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">仰[おっしゃ,おっしゃる]った\u003C\u002Fstrong> こと を 忘[わす,わすれる]れないで 下[くだ,くださる]さい ね 。明日[あした] は 、数学[すうがく] の 試験[しけん] の 日[ひ] です 。\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">山田[!やまだ] 先生[せんせい] が 言[い,いう]った こと を 忘[わす,わすれる]れないで 下[くだ,くださる]さい ね 。明日[あした] は 、数学[すうがく] の 試験[しけん] の 日[ひ] です 。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please don't forget what Professor Yamada (nobly) said. Tomorrow is the day of the math exam. \u003Cbr> [Honorific\u002FPolite]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.386-3-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In honorific language, the verbs \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"行[い,いく]く\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"来[く,くる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to come\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いる[,居る*いる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be\"\n }), \" can all be replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"いらっしゃる[,おっしゃる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"おいで に なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and the exact meaning will depend on context.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"森永[!もりなが] 様[さま] は 今[いま] 、アメリカ に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">いらっしゃい[,いらっしゃる]ます\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。来週[らいしゅう] 、日本[にほん] に お 戻[もど]り に なり[,成る*なる]ます 。\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">森永[!もりなが] 様[さま] は 今[いま] 、アメリカ に 行[い,いく]ってます。来週[らいしゅう] 、日本[にほん] に 戻[もど,もどる]ります 。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mr. Morinaga is (nobly) now in the United States. (He) will (nobly) return to Japan next week. \u003Cbr> [Honorific\u002FPolite]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.386-4-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"佐藤[!さとう] 様[さま] が 来週[らいしゅう] 、東京[とうきょう] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">おいで に なり[,成る*なる]ます\u003C\u002Fstrong> 。\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">佐藤[!さとう] 様[さま] が 来週[らいしゅう] 、東京[とうきょう] に 来[き,くる]ます 。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mrs. Sato will (nobly) come to Tokyo next week. \u003Cbr> [Honorific\u002FPolite]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.386-5-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今度[こんど] は 、いつ \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">おいで に なり[,成る*なる]ます\u003C\u002Fstrong> か ？\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">今度[こんど] は 、いつ 来[き,くる]ます か ？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When will (you) next (nobly) visit us? \u003Cbr> [Honorific\u002FPolite]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.386-6-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"今[いま] 、何処[どこ] に \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">おいで\u003C\u002Fstrong> です か ？\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">今[いま] 、何処[どこ] に い[,いる]ます か？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Where (nobly) are you now? \u003Cbr> [Honorific\u002FPolite]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.386-7-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 5\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In honorific language, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"会[あ,あう]う\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to meet\"\n }), \" is replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"お 会[あ,あう]い に なる[,成る*なる]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"お 父様[とうさま] 、昨日[きのう] 先生[せんせい] に お \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">会[あ,あう]い に なっ[,成る*なる]て\u003C\u002Fstrong> 、何[なに] を 話[はな,はなす]されて い[,いる]た の です か ？\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">お 父様[とうさま] 、昨日[きのう] 先生[せんせい] に 会[あ,あう]って、何[なに] を 話[はな,はなす]した の です か ？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Noble father, what did (you nobly) talk about when you (nobly) met the teacher yesterday?\\n[Honorific\u002FPolite]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.386-8-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 6\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In honorific language, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"知[し,しる]る\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to know\"\n }), \" is replaced by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ご 存[ぞん,ぞんじる]じ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ja\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"新田[!にった] 君[くん] は ご \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">存[ぞん,ぞんじる]じない\u003C\u002Fstrong> と 思[おも,おもう]います が 、隣[となり] の 娘[むすめ] さん は 先月[せんげつ] 結婚[けっこん] し[,する]ました よ 。\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">新田[!にった] 君[くん] は 知[し,しる]らない と 思[おも,おもう]います が 、隣[となり] の 娘[むすめ] さん は 先月[せんげつ] 結婚[けっこん] し[,する]ました よ 。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Nitta-kun, (I) think you don't (nobly) know, but the daughter next door got married last month. \u003Cbr> [Honorific\u002FPolite]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.386-9-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One thing to note here is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"存[ぞん,ぞんじる]じる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is considered \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"謙譲語[けんじょうｇご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"humble language\"\n }), \", while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ご 存[ぞん,ぞんじる]じ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"尊敬語[そんけいご]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"honorific language\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ご 存[ぞん,ぞんじる]じ\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is simply a combination of the honorific prefix \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"ご\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and the stem of the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ja\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"存[ぞん,ぞんじる]じる\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This also means that in our example 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class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">召し上[めしあ,めしあがる]がって\u003C\u002Fstrong> 下[くだ,くださる]さい な 。\u003Cbr>\\n\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">暖[あたた,あたたかい]かい うち に 食[た,たべる]べて 下[くだ,くださる]さい な。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please (nobly) eat (it) while it's still warm. \u003Cbr> [Honorific\u002FPolite]\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fjapanese\u002F1.386-10-AI.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[5648],{"id":6000,"title":6006,"mod":6007,"grammarPoint":6008,"grammarPointTitle":6009,"grammarPointDescription":6010,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6011,"similarGrammarPoints":6012,"tags":6018,"content":6014,"dependentGrammarPoints":6015,"language":22,"similarPoints":6019,"prereqPoints":6022},[1034,17,5939],[6020],{"id":5992,"title":5993,"mod":5994,"grammarPoint":5995,"grammarPointTitle":5996,"grammarPointDescription":5997,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":5998,"similarGrammarPoints":5999,"tags":6021,"content":6002,"dependentGrammarPoints":6003,"language":22},[52,21,5639],[5648],{"id":6024,"title":6025,"mod":6026,"grammarPoint":9,"grammarPointTitle":6025,"grammarPointDescription":6027,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6028,"similarGrammarPoints":6029,"tags":6030,"content":6042,"dependentGrammarPoints":6043,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6044,"prereqPoints":6045},21046498782360,"Nouns in Korean",1755014421182,"Learn the essentials about nouns in Korean.",[],[],[6031,6037],{"id":6032,"title":6033,"description":6034,"slug":6035,"language":6036},"1753317154021","Vocabulary","general vocab","korean-vocabulary","korean",{"id":6038,"title":6039,"description":6040,"slug":6041,"language":6036},"1753317452191","Academy 1","all lessons in Migaku Academy 1","korean-academy-1","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Nouns in Korean\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"A noun is a word that represents a person, place, or thing. 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mouse.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FL2-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Noun (ending in a batchim) + 이다 → 이야\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"학생[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이야[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(She) is a student.\",\n audio: 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Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There is no consensus among linguists on whether \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a particle (a part of speech that indicates a word's function in a sentence, or adds meaning to a word), a verb, an adjective, or just a unique grammatical structure. In terms of how it conjugates, it behaves most like an adjective.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":6070,"title":6071,"mod":6072,"grammarPoint":6073,"grammarPointTitle":6071,"grammarPointDescription":6074,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6075,"similarGrammarPoints":6076,"tags":6078,"content":6083,"dependentGrammarPoints":6084,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6085,"prereqPoints":6097},20514984178140,"Introduction to Particles - Subject Marker 이\u002F가",1756147923692,"intro-particles","Learn what a \"particle\" is and the subject marking particles 이\u002F가.",[],[6077],20535669761712,[6079,6037],{"id":6080,"title":139,"description":6081,"slug":6082,"language":6036},"1753317075754","post positional particles","korean-particles","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Introduction to Particles - Subject Marker 이\u002F가\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In English, we know what role a word is playing in the sentence based on \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"word order\"\n }), \". If we say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the man eats an apple,\"\n }), \" we know \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the man\"\n }), \" is the grammatical subject of the sentence (that is, the noun doing the action) and the apple is the grammatical object (the thing being acted upon) because \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the man\"\n }), \" comes before the verb and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the apple\"\n }), \" comes after it. In Korean, the subject and object get something called \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"particles\"\n }), \" attached to the end to explain what roles they are playing in the sentence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The result is something like this:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The man\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"SUBJECT\"\n }), \" eats an apple\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"OBJECT\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Because the parts of speech are so clearly labeled, you can move them around in the sentence.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"An apple\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"OBJECT\"\n }), \" the man\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"SUBJECT\"\n }), \" eats.\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"So even though Korean is most commonly arranged in the subject-object-verb order, object-subject-verb is also possible.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are numerous other particles that indicate things like destination, plurality, or what something is made of, but we will start with the subject markers, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" attaches to nouns ending in a vowel, and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" attaches to nouns ending in a batchim. 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In Korean, possessive pronouns are frequently omitted.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"이\u002F가 can also be omitted in spoken language when context is clear.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"형[$:nng] 경찰[$:nng]이야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My older brother is a policeman.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FL3-6c.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n 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MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6086],{"id":6077,"title":6087,"mod":6088,"grammarPoint":6089,"grammarPointTitle":6087,"grammarPointDescription":6090,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6091,"similarGrammarPoints":6093,"tags":6094,"content":6095,"dependentGrammarPoints":6096,"language":6036},"Abbreviations of 이거\u002F그거\u002F저거",1756150625348,"this-that-abbreviations","When :tq[this] or :tq[that] is the subject of a sentence they ar abbreviated to `이게[$:np], 그게[$:np]`, and `저게[$:np]`.",[6092],20531463741216,[6092],[6041,6035],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = 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several ways \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이거[$:np], 그거[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저거[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are abbreviated in casual speech.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"이게, 그게, 저게\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"this\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that\"\n }), \" is the subject of a sentence they ar abbreviated to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이게[$:np], 그게[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저게[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이게[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 좋아요[좋다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This is good.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl41-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그게[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 아니에요[아니다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's not that.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl41-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">저게[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 뭐[$:np]예요[이다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What is that over there?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl41-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"이걸, 그걸, 저걸\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Similarly, when these words are the object of the sentence it is abbreviated to -\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"걸[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이걸[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 샀어요[사다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I bought this.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl41-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그걸[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 왜[$:maj] 물어[묻다:v::$:]봐[$:b]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why are you asking that?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl41-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">저걸[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 줄[$:nnb] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'll give you that over there.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl41-6a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"이건, 그건, 저건\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Finally, when these words are used with the topic marker \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\u002F는[$:p], 거[$:nnb]는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is usually shortened to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"건[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이건[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 인기[$:nng]가[$:p] 많아요[많다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This is very popular.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl41-7a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그건[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 중국어[$:nng]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That is Chinese.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl41-8a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">저건[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 은행[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That over there is a bank.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl41-9a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"이거 + 이\u002F가 = 이게\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이게[$:nnb]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"이거 + 을\u002F를 = 이걸\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이걸[$:np]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"이거 + 은\u002F는 = 이건\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이건[$:np]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":6099,"title":6100,"mod":6101,"grammarPoint":6102,"grammarPointTitle":6100,"grammarPointDescription":6103,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6104,"similarGrammarPoints":6105,"tags":6106,"content":6107,"dependentGrammarPoints":6108,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6109,"prereqPoints":6112},20524185813972,"아니다 - to not be",1756148102891,"to-not-be","Korean has a word meaning \"to be not.\" Learn how to say something is not something.",[],[6047],[6037,6031,6060,6055],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"아니다 - to not be\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니다[아니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the opposite of the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but unlike \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it does not attach directly to a noun. Instead, the noun gets the subject marker and is followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니다[아니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To conjugate \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니다[아니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in the casual present tense, remove the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"야\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"아니다 → 아니야\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"술[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아니야[$:ic]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's not alcohol.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FL4-1b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"꿈[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아니야[$:ic]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's not a dream.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FL4-2c.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"남자친구[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아니야[$:ic]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He's not my boyfriend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FL4-3d.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"바다[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아니야[$:ic]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's not the ocean.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FL4-4e.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun(이\u002F가) 아니야\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"물[$:nng]이[$:p] 아니야[$:ic]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6110],{"id":6047,"title":6048,"mod":6049,"grammarPoint":6050,"grammarPointTitle":6048,"grammarPointDescription":6051,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6052,"similarGrammarPoints":6053,"tags":6111,"content":6065,"dependentGrammarPoints":6066,"language":6036},[6059,6041,6064],[],{"id":6114,"title":6115,"mod":6116,"grammarPoint":6117,"grammarPointTitle":6115,"grammarPointDescription":6118,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6119,"similarGrammarPoints":6120,"tags":6121,"content":6122,"dependentGrammarPoints":6123,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6124,"prereqPoints":6135},20514984120180,"이, 그, 저 - This and That",1756148164373,"this-and-that","How to say things like \"this book\" and \"that friend over there.\"",[],[6092],[6037,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"이, 그, 저 - This and That\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's learn how to say phrases like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">this\u003C\u002Fstrong> table,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">that\u003C\u002Fstrong> student,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">that\u003C\u002Fstrong> school \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">over there\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Korean\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"this\u002Fthese\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"that\u002Fthose\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"that\u002Fthose over there\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As you can see, the same word is used for both singular and plural.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"These words cannot be used by themselves, they must be followed by a noun. They cannot be used to say phrases like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it's this\u002Fthat.\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"This\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to refer to something that is close to the speaker.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 집[$:nng]이야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's this house.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FL5-2b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 고양이[$:nng]들[$:sn]이[$:p] 아니야[$:ic].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's not these cats.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FL5-1b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n 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stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:mm], 그[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \",and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are grammatically classified as determiners, or words that modify nouns. For example, \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"a\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"the\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"this\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"that\"\n }), \" are all determiners in English.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6125],{"id":6092,"title":6126,"mod":6127,"grammarPoint":6128,"grammarPointTitle":6126,"grammarPointDescription":6129,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6130,"similarGrammarPoints":6131,"tags":6132,"content":6133,"dependentGrammarPoints":6134,"language":6036},"이거\u002F그거\u002F저거 - This and that",1756150556155,"this-that-pronouns","How to say \"this thing\" and \"that thing\" in Korean.",[],[6114,6077],[6041,6035],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"이거\u002F그거\u002F저거 - This and that\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:mm]\u002F그[$:mm]\u002F저[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"this,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that,\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that over there\"\n }), \" and must be used before a noun like in \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"this dog,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that man,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that mountain over there.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When you want to say \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"this\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"that\"\n }), \" as a pronoun (it's \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"this\"\n }), \", give me \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"that\"\n }), \", etc), you need to use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이것[$:np], 그것[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저것[$:np]. 이[$:mm], 그[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" combine with the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means thing, to become new words with the meaning of this thing\u002Fthat thing\u002Fthat thing over there.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"this - 이것\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이것[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>은[$:p] 물[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This is water.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl40-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"that - 그것\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그것[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>은[$:p] 자전거[$:nng]가[$:p] 아니에요[아니다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That is not a bicycle.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl40-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"that over there - 저것\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">저것[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>은[$:p] 사전[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That is a dictionary.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl40-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"이거\u002F그거\u002F저거\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In casual speech, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이것[$:np], 그것[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저것[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are almost always used in the forms \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이거[$:np], 그거[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저거[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이거[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>는[$:p] 술[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This is alcohol.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl40-6a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그거[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>는[$:p] 선물[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That is a present.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl40-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">저거[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>는[$:p] 제[$:mm] 차[$:nng]가[$:p] 아니에요[아니다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That is not my car.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl40-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One place where \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"is\"\n }), \" used in speech is when it is combined with the plural particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"들[$:sn]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". In the plural form, these words have the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"these\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"those\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"those over there\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이것[$:np]들[$:sn]\u003C\u002Fstrong>은[$:p] 장갑[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"These are wallets.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl40-7a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그것[$:np]들[$:sn]\u003C\u002Fstrong>은[$:p] 운동화[$:nng]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Those are athletic shoes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl40-8a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">저것[$:np]들[$:sn]\u003C\u002Fstrong>은[$:p] 종이[$:nng]가[$:p] 아니에요[아니다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Those are not paper.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl40-9a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것[$:nnb]\u002F거[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used on its own.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">거[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>야[$:v].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's mine (it's my thing).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl40-10a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"This\u002Fthese thing(s)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이것[$:np]\u002F이거[$:np]\u002F이것[$:np]들[$:sn]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"That\u002Fthose thing(s)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그것[$:np]\u002F그거[$:np]\u002F그것[$:np]들[$:sn]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"That\u002Fthose thing(s) over there\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저것[$:np]\u002F저거[$:np]\u002F저것[$:np]들[$:sn]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":6137,"title":6138,"mod":6139,"grammarPoint":6140,"grammarPointTitle":6138,"grammarPointDescription":6141,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6142,"similarGrammarPoints":6143,"tags":6144,"content":6149,"dependentGrammarPoints":6150,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6151,"prereqPoints":6152},20515848360036,"Introduction to Verbs",1753874912801,"verbs","Verbs in Korean consist of a stem and an ending. ",[],[],[6037,6145],{"id":6146,"title":470,"description":6147,"slug":6148,"language":6036},"1753317225188","generally relating to verbs","korean-verbs","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiImage, UiList, UiListItem, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiImage) _missingMdxReference(\"UiImage\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Introduction to Verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Verbs are words that describe what is happening in a sentence. It can be an action word like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to run\"\n }), \" or a state of being like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to exist.\"\n }), \" Unlike many European languages, verbs in Korean do not change to match the subject. \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"They are also relatively regular and rule-following, which will make learning verb conjugation one of the easier parts of learning Korean.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Korean, all verbs end in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"다\"\n }), \" in their dictionary form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"만나[만나다:v::$:]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">다\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to meet\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Korean verbs can be divided into two parts:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The first part is called the stem (in this case 만나-) and it contains the basic meaning of the word.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The second part is the ending (in the dictionary form, -다), which changes to express tense, mood, politeness levels, and more.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fstem_ending.webp\",\n alt: \"만나-다\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Present tense can be used as a command or a proposition, so many of our sentences are translated that way because it is the most logical interpretation, but understand that different translations could be possible if there were context.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Easier than it looks\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"These conjugation lessons are going to feel a little...shall we say, mathy? We're going to be telling you the exact chemical reactions that happen when you conjugate, so it might feel a little overwhelming, but please don't spend a lot of time trying to memorize the formulas. You will see and hear conjugated verbs in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"every sentence you will ever encounter\"\n }), \", and your brain will figure out what sounds right on its own. As you go through the next few lessons, try to focus your attention on the dictionary form and the conjugated form, because that's the important part. Learning the processes that are going on behind the scenes is just a bonus.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":6154,"title":6155,"mod":6156,"grammarPoint":6157,"grammarPointTitle":6155,"grammarPointDescription":6158,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6159,"similarGrammarPoints":6160,"tags":6167,"content":6168,"dependentGrammarPoints":6169,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6170,"prereqPoints":6231},20664112139208,"Conjugation 1 - ㅏ, no batchim",1756148221157,"conjugation-1","Learn how conjugate verbs with ㅏ in the stem and no batchim in present tense banmal.",[6137],[6161,6162,6163,6164,6165,6166],20664113459220,20515887138876,20515887467016,20524161781368,20619527577264,20524174586172,[6055,6037,6145,6060],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Conjugation 1 - ㅏ, no batchim\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To conjugate a verb into the casual present tense, remove the -다 and look at the final vowel in the stem. If it is ㅏ, you add 아. When there is no batchim (bottom consonant) in the stem, those two 아아 sounds combine into one, since that is easier to say.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"만나다[만나다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to meet\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"만나다 → 만나 + 아 → 만나\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내일[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만나[만나다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's meet tomorrow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FL7-1b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's look at a couple more examples:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"자다[자다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to sleep\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"자다 → 자 + 아 → 자\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"고양이[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">자[자다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The cat sleeps.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FL7-2b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가다[가다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to go\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"가다 → 가 + 아 → 가\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"잘[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가[가다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Go well (goodbye).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FL7-3b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's look at a couple more examples:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"타다[타다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to burn\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"타다 → 타 + 아 → 타\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"고기[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">타[타다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The meat is burning.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FL7-4b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Sometimes present tense is used when talking about the future. We do this in English too, like when we say \\\"I \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"leave\"\n }), \" tomorrow.\\\"\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"ㅏ stem\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"만나다[만나다:v::$:] → 만나[만나다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6171,6181,6191,6201,6211,6221],{"id":6161,"title":6172,"mod":6173,"grammarPoint":6174,"grammarPointTitle":6172,"grammarPointDescription":6175,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6176,"similarGrammarPoints":6177,"tags":6178,"content":6179,"dependentGrammarPoints":6180,"language":6036},"Conjugation 2 - ㅗ, no batchim",1756148403370,"conjugation-2","Verbs with ㅗ in the stem and no batchim like 오다 and 보다 contract when they conjugate.",[6137],[6154,6162,6163,6164,6165,6166],[6041,6148,6059,6064],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Conjugation 2 - ㅗ, no batchim\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For verbs with an ㅗ in the stem, and no batchim, you remove the 다 and add ㅏ.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오다[오다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to come\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Remove the 다 and add 아. The final ㅗ and ㅏ combine into ㅘ.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"오다 → 오 + 아 → 와\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">와[오다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Come tomorrow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FL8-1b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"보다[보다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to look\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"보다 → 보 + 아 → 봐\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내일[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">봐[보다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"See you tomorrow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FL8-2b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"들어오다[보다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to come in\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"들어오다 → 들어오 + 아 → 들어오다\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"빨리[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">들어와[들어오다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"See you tomorrow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FL8-3b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"ㅗ stem, no batchim\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"보다[$:maj] → 봐[보다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":6162,"title":6182,"mod":6183,"grammarPoint":6184,"grammarPointTitle":6182,"grammarPointDescription":6185,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6186,"similarGrammarPoints":6187,"tags":6188,"content":6189,"dependentGrammarPoints":6190,"language":6036},"Conjugation 3 - ㅏ\u002Fㅗ, with batchim",1756148479557,"conjugation-3","Learn how to conjugate stems with a batchim that contain ㅏ or ㅗ into present tense banmal.",[6137],[6154,6161,6163,6164,6165,6166],[6041,6064,6148,6059],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Conjugation 3 - ㅏ\u002Fㅗ, with batchim\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For stems that end in a batchim, if the vowel in the final syllable of a stem is ㅏ or ㅗ, simply remove the 다 and add 아.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"알다[알다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to know\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"알다 → 알 + 아 → 알아\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"언니[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">알아[알다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Unni knows.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FL9-1b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It makes no difference if there is a double batchim on the bottom, it conjugates the same.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"짧다[앉다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to be short\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"짧다 → 짧 + 아 →짧아\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"팔[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">짧아[짧다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(My) arms are short.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FL9-2b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's look at a couple more examples.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"작다[닫다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to be small\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"작다 → 작 + 아 → 작아\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"손[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">작아[작다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(Her) hands are small.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FL9-3b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"좁다[잡다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to be narrow\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"좁다 → 좁 + 아 → 좁아\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"방[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">좁아[좁다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The room is narrow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FL9-4b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"ㅏ stem with batchim\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"알다[알다:v::$:] → 알아[알다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"ㅗ stem\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"놀다[놀다:v::$:] → 놀아[놀다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":6163,"title":6192,"mod":6193,"grammarPoint":6194,"grammarPointTitle":6192,"grammarPointDescription":6195,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6196,"similarGrammarPoints":6197,"tags":6198,"content":6199,"dependentGrammarPoints":6200,"language":6036},"Conjugation 4 - ㅓ, ㅕ, ㅔ, and ㅐ, no batchim",1756148699482,"conjugation-4","Verbs with stems that end in ㅓ, ㅕ, ㅔ, and ㅐ are easy to conjugate - you just remove the 다.",[],[6137,6154,6161,6162,6164,6165,6166],[6041,6148,6064,6059],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Conjugation 4 - ㅓ, ㅕ, ㅔ, and ㅐ, no batchim\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When a verb stem contains ㅏ or ㅗ, you remove the 다 and add \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"아\"\n }), \". Think of these verbs as \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"Category 1\"\n }), \". (Say 아 오 아 오 아 오 a few times to get it stuck in your head.)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Category 2\"\n }), \" is \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"all other vowels\"\n }), \". For this category, you need to remove the 다 and add \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"어\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This lesson will look at how to conjugate ㅓ, ㅕ, ㅔ, and ㅐ stems. For words with these vowels in the stem and no batchim, the 어 that you add is simply dropped (just like how the 아 added to 가 disappeared).\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"켜다[펴다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to turn on\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"켜다 → 켜\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"불[$:nng] 좀[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">켜[켜다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Turn on the light please.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl11-1b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"보내다[보내다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to send\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"보내다 → 보내\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"편지[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보내[보내다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Send a letter.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl11-2b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"세다[세다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to be strong\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"세다 → 세\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"힘[$:nng]이[$:p] 너무[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">세[세다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's too strong.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl11-3b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"서다[서다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to stand\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"서다 → 서\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내[$:np] 뒤[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">서[서다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Stand behind me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl11-4b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stem ending in ㅓ,ㅕ,ㅔ,ㅐ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"보내다[보내다:v::$:] → 보내[보내다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":6164,"title":6202,"mod":6203,"grammarPoint":6204,"grammarPointTitle":6202,"grammarPointDescription":6205,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6206,"similarGrammarPoints":6207,"tags":6208,"content":6209,"dependentGrammarPoints":6210,"language":6036},"Conjugation 5 - ㅜ, no batchim",1756148749851,"conjugation-5","Verbs ending in ㅜ contract to ㅝ when they conjugate.",[],[6137,6154,6161,6162,6165,6166],[6041,6148,6064,6059],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Conjugation 5 - ㅜ, no batchim\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This lesson explains how to conjugate verbs ending in ㅜ.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"주다[$:b]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to give\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Remove the 다 and add 어. The 어 combines with the ㅜ in the stem, and becomes ㅝ.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"주다 → 주 + 어 → 줘\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"밥[$:nng] 더[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">줘[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Give me more food.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl12-1b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"바꾸다[바꾸다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to change something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"바꾸다 → 바꾸 + 어 → 바꿔\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"언제[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">바꿔[바꾸다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When are you changing it?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl12-2b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"두다[두다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to put something down\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"두다 → 두 + 어 → 둬\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"거기[$:np]에[$:p] 그냥[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">둬[두다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Just put it down there.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl12-3b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stem ending in ㅜ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"주다[$:v] → 줘[$:v]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":6165,"title":6212,"mod":6213,"grammarPoint":6214,"grammarPointTitle":6212,"grammarPointDescription":6215,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6216,"similarGrammarPoints":6217,"tags":6218,"content":6219,"dependentGrammarPoints":6220,"language":6036},"Conjugation 6 - ㅣ, no batchim",1756148957935,"conjugation-6","Verbs that end in ㅣ experience contraction to ㅕ.",[],[6137,6154,6161,6162,6163,6164,6166],[6041,6148,6064,6059],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Conjugation 6 - ㅣ, no batchim\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Now let's look at verbs that have stems ending in ㅣ - they also experience contraction to ㅕ.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"달리다[달리다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to run\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Remove the 다 and add 어. The 어 combines with the ㅣ in the stem, and becomes ㅕ.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"달리다 → 달리 + 어 → 달려\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">달려[달리다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Run!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl13-1b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"보이다[보이다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to be visible\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"보이다 → 보이 + 어 → 보여\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"잘[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보여[보이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Can you see it well?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl13-2b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"기다리다[기다리다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to wait\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"기다리다 → 기다리 + 어 → 기다려\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여기[$:np]에서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">기다려[기다리다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Wait here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl13-3b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stem ending in ㅣ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"마시다[마시다:v::$:] → 마셔[마시다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":6166,"title":6222,"mod":6223,"grammarPoint":6224,"grammarPointTitle":6222,"grammarPointDescription":6225,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6226,"similarGrammarPoints":6227,"tags":6228,"content":6229,"dependentGrammarPoints":6230,"language":6036},"Conjugation 7 - Notㅏ or ㅗ, with batchim",1756149006051,"conjugation-7","This lesson shows how ㅓ is added to the stem when it contains any vowel except ㅏ or ㅗ.",[],[6137,6154,6161,6162,6163,6164,6165],[6041,6148,6064,6059],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Conjugation 7 - Notㅏ or ㅗ, with batchim\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This lesson will look at verb stems that do not end in ㅏ or ㅗ and don't contract when adding the -어 ending. This happens when either there is a batchim or when the ending vowel is complex, like ㅟ.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"먹다[먹다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to eat\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You simply remove the 다 and add 어.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"먹다 → 먹 + 어 → 먹어\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아침[$:nng] 안[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">먹어[먹다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't eat breakfast.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl14-1b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"만들다[만들다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to make\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"만들다 → 만들 + 어 → 만들어\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"집[$:nng]에서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만들어요[만들다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I make it at home.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl14-2b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"벗다[만들다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to take off (shoes, clothes)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"벗다 → 벗 + 어 → 벗어\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"신발[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">벗어[벗다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Take your shoes off.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl14-3b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"열다[열다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to open\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"열다 → 열 + 어 → 열어*\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"창문[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">열어[열다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Open the window.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl14-4b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"쉬다[쉬다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to rest\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"쉬다 → 쉬 + 어 → 쉬어\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"의사[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쉬어[쉬다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The doctor rests.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl14-5b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stem ending not ending in ㅏ\u002Fㅗ, with batchim\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"먹다[먹다:v::$:] → 먹어[먹다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6232],{"id":6137,"title":6138,"mod":6139,"grammarPoint":6140,"grammarPointTitle":6138,"grammarPointDescription":6141,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6142,"similarGrammarPoints":6143,"tags":6233,"content":6149,"dependentGrammarPoints":6150,"language":6036},[6041,6148],{"id":6161,"title":6172,"mod":6173,"grammarPoint":6174,"grammarPointTitle":6172,"grammarPointDescription":6175,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6176,"similarGrammarPoints":6177,"tags":6235,"content":6179,"dependentGrammarPoints":6180,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6236,"prereqPoints":6239},[6037,6145,6055,6060],[6237,6181,6191,6201,6211,6221],{"id":6154,"title":6155,"mod":6156,"grammarPoint":6157,"grammarPointTitle":6155,"grammarPointDescription":6158,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6159,"similarGrammarPoints":6160,"tags":6238,"content":6168,"dependentGrammarPoints":6169,"language":6036},[6059,6041,6148,6064],[6232],{"id":6162,"title":6182,"mod":6183,"grammarPoint":6184,"grammarPointTitle":6182,"grammarPointDescription":6185,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6186,"similarGrammarPoints":6187,"tags":6241,"content":6189,"dependentGrammarPoints":6190,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6242,"prereqPoints":6243},[6037,6060,6145,6055],[6237,6171,6191,6201,6211,6221],[6232],{"id":6245,"title":6246,"mod":6247,"grammarPoint":6248,"grammarPointTitle":6246,"grammarPointDescription":6249,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6250,"similarGrammarPoints":6251,"tags":6252,"content":6253,"dependentGrammarPoints":6254,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6255,"prereqPoints":6256},20524186245660,"을\u002F를 - Object markers",1756148548129,"object-marking-particles","Learn how to use the particles 을\u002F를 to mark the object of a sentence.",[],[],[6037,6079],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"을\u002F를 - Object markers\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The grammatical object of a sentence is a noun that receives the action of the verb. For example, if an elephant rides a bicycle, the bicycle is the object of the sentence.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Korean, the object of the sentence is indicated by attaching \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"을[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"를[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" directly to the noun. If the noun ends in a batchim you use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"을[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and if the noun ends in a vowel you use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"를[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", for ease of pronunciation.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Noun (ending in batchim) + 을\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"말[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">타[타다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He rides a horse.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl10-1b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"손[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">잡아[잡다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Grab my hand.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl10-2b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Noun (ending in vowel) + 를\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"엄마[$:nng]가[$:p] 바다[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">를[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 봐[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mom looks at the sea.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl10-3b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 도시[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">를[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 떠나[떠나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Leave this city.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl10-4b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In casual speech, 을\u002F를 is sometimes omitted.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"문[$:nng] 닫아[닫다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Close the door.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl10-5b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun(ending in batchim) + 을\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"물[$:nng]을[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun(ending in vowel) + 를\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사과[$:nng]를[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":6163,"title":6192,"mod":6193,"grammarPoint":6194,"grammarPointTitle":6192,"grammarPointDescription":6195,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6196,"similarGrammarPoints":6197,"tags":6258,"content":6199,"dependentGrammarPoints":6200,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6259,"prereqPoints":6260},[6037,6145,6060,6055],[6232,6237,6171,6181,6201,6211,6221],[],{"id":6164,"title":6202,"mod":6203,"grammarPoint":6204,"grammarPointTitle":6202,"grammarPointDescription":6205,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6206,"similarGrammarPoints":6207,"tags":6262,"content":6209,"dependentGrammarPoints":6210,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6263,"prereqPoints":6264},[6037,6145,6060,6055],[6232,6237,6171,6181,6211,6221],[],{"id":6165,"title":6212,"mod":6213,"grammarPoint":6214,"grammarPointTitle":6212,"grammarPointDescription":6215,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6216,"similarGrammarPoints":6217,"tags":6266,"content":6219,"dependentGrammarPoints":6220,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6267,"prereqPoints":6268},[6037,6145,6060,6055],[6232,6237,6171,6181,6191,6201,6221],[],{"id":6166,"title":6222,"mod":6223,"grammarPoint":6224,"grammarPointTitle":6222,"grammarPointDescription":6225,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6226,"similarGrammarPoints":6227,"tags":6270,"content":6229,"dependentGrammarPoints":6230,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6271,"prereqPoints":6272},[6037,6145,6060,6055],[6232,6237,6171,6181,6191,6201,6211],[],{"id":6274,"title":6275,"mod":6276,"grammarPoint":6277,"grammarPointTitle":6275,"grammarPointDescription":6278,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6279,"similarGrammarPoints":6280,"tags":6284,"content":6285,"dependentGrammarPoints":6286,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6287,"prereqPoints":6318},20536579073808,"은\u002F는 - Introduction to topic markers",1756149047155,"intro-topic-marking-particles","Topic markers serve many functions. This lesson will introduce the most basic usage - \"as for.\"",[],[6281,6282,6283],20594653518576,20594653568820,20619843049092,[6037,6079],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"은\u002F는 - Introduction to topic markers\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"The particles\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\u002F는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"are known as topic markers\"\n }), \", but they serve many functions. The usages are quite complex so this will just introduce the basics.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"As for\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\u002F는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" replaces \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:p]\u002F가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" when you are introducing the subject as a topic. It's similar to saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"as for \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">X\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" in English. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used with words ending in a batchim and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used for words ending in a vowel.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"기린[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">은[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 어디[$:np]에[$:p] 살아[살다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Where do giraffes live?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl15-1g.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아침[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">은[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 먹었어요[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I didn't eat breakfast.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl15-2g.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 아직[$:maj] 안[$:maj] 왔어요[오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My friend hasn't come yet.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl15-3g.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Sentences can sometimes have both \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\u002F는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:p]\u002F가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", where one word is the topic and one is the grammatical subject.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"엄마[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 의사[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 아니야[$:ic].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mom is not a doctor.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl15-4g.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun ending in vowel + 는\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"엄마[$:nng]는[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun ending in batchim + 은\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"옷[$:nng]은[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? 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It is one of the most essential grammar points, but also one of the last you will master, so consider this an introduction to the topic and not something you will be able to understand fully right away.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You already know how \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\u002F는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can simply replace the subject marker when introducing a new topic. Another usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\u002F는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is to state a general fact about something. 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Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The topic marker replaces \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:p]\u002F가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"을[$:p]\u002F를[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but it can also stack with other particles. It can attach to basically any part of speech to provide emphasis and nuance.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":6282,"title":6299,"mod":6300,"grammarPoint":6301,"grammarPointTitle":6299,"grammarPointDescription":6302,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6303,"similarGrammarPoints":6304,"tags":6305,"content":6306,"dependentGrammarPoints":6307,"language":6036},"은\u002F는 - Topic markers 3",1756151661863,"topic-markers-3","The particle 은\u002F는 is used for contrasting two things.",[6274],[6274,6281,6283],[6041,6082],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"은\u002F는 - Topic markers 3\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\u002F는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also used when comparing and contrasting two things. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\u002F는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" attaches to both the things you are contrasting. In addition to replacing \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:p]\u002F가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it can replace the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"을[$:p]\u002F를[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 키[$:nng]가[$:p] 커요[크다:a::$:]. 동생[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">은[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 키[$:nng]가[$:p] 작아요[작다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm tall (my height is big). My younger sibling is short.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl53-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"한국어[$:nnp]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 알아요[알다:v::$:]. 일본어[$:nnp]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 몰라요[모르다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I know Korean. I don't know Japanese.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl53-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For this usage, it is possible to just mention one thing, and people will assume you are making an unspoken contrast.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 영화[$:nng]가[$:p] 음악[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">은[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 좋아[좋다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"As for that movie, the music is good.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl53-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The nuance here is that the \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"music\"\n }), \" in that movie is good, but there was nothing else good about it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"누나[$:nng]가[$:p] 얼굴[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">은[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 예뻐[예쁘다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Noona has a pretty face.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl53-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The nuance here is that while her face is pretty, nothing else about her is worth talking about. This is why \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\u002F는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" must be used with caution.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"우리[$:np] 집[$:nng]이[$:p] 방[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">은[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 커요[크다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Our house's rooms are big.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl53-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"While the rooms are big, maybe the house is old and rundown and far from public transport.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun ending in vowel + 는\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사자[$:nng]는[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun ending in batchim + 은\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"돈[$:nng]은[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":6283,"title":6309,"mod":6310,"grammarPoint":6311,"grammarPointTitle":6309,"grammarPointDescription":6312,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6313,"similarGrammarPoints":6314,"tags":6315,"content":6316,"dependentGrammarPoints":6317,"language":6036},"은\u002F는 vs 이\u002F가",1756151865737,"topic-vs-subject-markers","When to use 이\u002F가 and when to use 은\u002F는 is one of the trickiest things to master in Korean. Learn some tips here!",[6070,6274,6281,6282],[6070,6274,6281,6282],[6041,6082],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"은\u002F는 vs 이\u002F가\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's take one more look at how \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\u002F는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:p]\u002F가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are different and how they are the same.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"은\u002F는\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The main idea behind \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\u002F는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is that it is setting the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"boundaries\"\n }), \" around what you are talking about. This is why it can imply contrast, but that is not its only use. The reason it is often explained in English as meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"as for \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">X\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" is because that phrase also indicates that you are \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"limiting\"\n }), \" what you are talking about to \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"X\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 가게[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 빵[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 맛있어요[맛있다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This shop's bread is tasty.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl54-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here the focus of the sentence is on \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"this shop\"\n }), \". It sounds pretty neutral. But it could also imply contrast, for instance if you had just come from a different shop that wasn't so good.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 가게[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 빵[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">은[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 맛있어요[맛있다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This shop's bread is tasty.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl54-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here the focus shifts to the bread. You're saying that at least the bread at this shop is good, but you don't know about anything else.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"이\u002F가\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:p]\u002F가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" when the focus of a sentence hinges on the subject, like when you need to clarify who or what is acting. If someone asks who did something, you wouldn't say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저[$:np]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 했어요[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you would say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"제[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"가\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"했어요[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". If someone asked \\\"Which one is spicy?\\\" you would answer 이\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"게\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"매워요[맵다:a::$:]. 이[$:p]\u002F가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" adds emphasis to the subject, and that is important when the question you are answering is focused on the subject. You aren't establishing boundaries around what you are talking about with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:p]\u002F가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you are pinning the tail on the subject.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：이런[$:mm] 영화[$:nng]를[$:p] 누가[$:np] 봐[보다:v::$:]?\u003Cbr>\\nB：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">내가[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 봐[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Who watches this kind of movie? \u003Cbr> B: I watch them.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl54-3c.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":6320,"title":6321,"mod":6322,"grammarPoint":6323,"grammarPointTitle":6321,"grammarPointDescription":6324,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6325,"similarGrammarPoints":6326,"tags":6329,"content":6339,"dependentGrammarPoints":6340,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6341,"prereqPoints":6363},20514984156168,"Pronouns",1756149086747,"pronouns","A pronoun is a part of speech that replaces a noun. Learn when to use them, and when not to!",[],[6327,6328],20524185678960,20642324786040,[6037,6330,6335],{"id":6331,"title":6332,"description":6333,"slug":6334,"language":6036},"1753877707160","Culture","insights into Korean culture","korean-culture",{"id":6336,"title":6321,"description":6337,"slug":6338,"language":6036},"1753968410064","You, I, he, she, etc","korean-pronouns","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Pronouns\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A pronoun is a part of speech that replaces a noun.\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"You\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"I\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"he\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"she\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"we\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"it\"\n }), \" are all examples of pronouns in English. Let's look at some pronouns in Korean.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In banmal, Koreans use the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"너[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"you\"\n }), \". In polite speech \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I\"\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"우리[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used when saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"we\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"us,\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"our.\"\n }), \" The pronouns \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"he\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"she\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(그[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그녀[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in Korean) are virtually never used in spoken language, and appear only in writing.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Korean\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"I\u002Fme (banmal)\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"I\u002Fme (jondaemal)\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"너[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"you (banmal)\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"너희[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"you (plural banmal)\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"우리[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"we\u002Fus\u002Four\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저희[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"we\u002Fus\u002Four (polite)\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"he\u002Fhim\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그녀[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n align: \"center\",\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"she\u002Fher\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">나[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>는[$:p] 한국[$:nnp] 사람[$:nng]이야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm Korean (I'm a Korean person).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl16-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">너[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>는[$:p] 언제[$:maj] 와[오다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When are you coming?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl16-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">우리\u003C\u002Fstrong>는 여행 자주 안 해요.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We don't travel often.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl16-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">우리[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 가족[$:nng]은[$:p] 미국[$:nnp]에서[$:p] 살았어요[살다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Our family lived in the US.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl16-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Korean pronouns don't change depending on whether they are the subject or object. Only the particle changes. For example, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be both \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"I\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"me\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can only call someone \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"너[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" if you speak banmal to them, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"and\"\n }), \" they are the same age or younger, or have lower social status than you. Even if you speak banmal to someone older, you can't call them \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"너[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The same rule applies to the second person plural \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"너희[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">너희[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>가[$:p] 갈[가다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[$:p]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Are you all going to go?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl16-6a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"cultural information\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"우리[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also a word Koreans use to talk about themselves as a nationality. The words \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"우리나라[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"our country\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"우리말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"our language\"\n }), \" are very frequently used to say Korea and Korean (language).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">우리나라[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>는[$:p] 더워[덥다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Korea is hot.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl16-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"And while English speakers say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"my mom,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"my sister\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"my grandfather,\"\n }), \" Koreans say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"우리[$:np] 엄마[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"our mom,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"우리 누나\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"our sister,\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"우리 할아버지\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"our grandfather.\"\n }), \" Even if someone is an only child and talking to someone outside of the family, they will still say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"our mom.\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiMigachuToggle, {\n text: \"Advanced Content\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsxs(UiCardItem, {\n children: [_jsx(UiSvg, {\n raw: \"\u003Csvg xmlns=\\\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\\\" fill=\\\"none\\\" class=\\\"-mgk-variable-stroke-asset\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 104 51\\\">\\n\u003Cpath fill=\\\"url(#Diamond_svg__a)\\\" d=\\\"M70.445 2.908H33.81c2.907 5.54 5.91 10.927 9.423 16.091h18.73c3.016-5.301 6.005-10.79 9.022-16.091z\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cpath 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true\n }\n }), \" did not exist until the early 20th century, when Korean writers started to experiment with them when translating books from Western languages. 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Because of this, Koreans virtually always pronounce \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"네[$:np]가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"니가\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". You will also see it spelled that way in casual writing like text messages.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"나 + 가\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내[$:np]가[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"너 + 가\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"네[$:np]가[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":6328,"title":6353,"mod":6354,"grammarPoint":6355,"grammarPointTitle":6356,"grammarPointDescription":6357,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6358,"similarGrammarPoints":6359,"tags":6360,"content":6361,"dependentGrammarPoints":6362,"language":6036},"How to say “you\"",1762519993152,"saying-you","How to say “you\" politely","In polite Korean, you is rarely expressed, however there are times when it is necessary. This lesson will cover some of the ways you can refer to someone in the second person.",[],[],[6041,6334,6035],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"How to say “you\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here's the lesson you've been waiting for: how to say \\\"you\\\" politely. In polite Korean, \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"you\"\n }), \" is rarely expressed, however there are times when it is necessary. This lesson will cover some of the ways you can refer to someone in the second person.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"당신\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In polite language, the word for \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"you\"\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"당신[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and it is used in the following cases:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"as a term of endearment between married couples - usually older couples\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"as an aggressive way of referring to a stranger you want to start a fight with\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"in song lyrics and poetry to give a poetic feel\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"in textbook sample sentences and things translated from English when \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"you\"\n }), \" needs to be explicitly expressed\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"It is best not to use this until you have a very good grasp of Korean because it could give offense if you use it wrong.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"범인[$:nng]은[$:p] 바로[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">당신[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이야[이다:v::$:]!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The criminal is precisely you!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl261-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"그대\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그대[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a very poetic and romantic way of saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"you.\"\n }), \" You will pretty much only see this in song lyrics or love letters.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"You should not use this unless you are a songwriter.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"자네\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"자네[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used by old people to refer to much younger people (usually men). You might hear this in a kdrama when an old man is speaking to a much younger acquaintance.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"You should not use this unless you want people giving you strange looks.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"그쪽\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This word literally means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that side,\"\n }), \" but it is used to refer to the person on the other side of the conversation from you (i.e. the stranger you are talking to).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그쪽[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이[$:p] 신경[$:nng]쓸[쓰다:v::$:] 일[$:nng]이[$:p] 아니에요[아니다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's nothing you need to worry about.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl261-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"This should only be used to someone around the same age or younger when you have so little information about the person that no other term of address is possible.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You may have noticed we have pretty much told you not to say any of the above, so what else can you say when you need to refer to a stranger?\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can call people of school age \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"학생[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", even if they might be a bit on the old side to be a college student. People generally don't mind being assumed to be younger than they are.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Middle-aged men and women can be referred to as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아저씨[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아줌마[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but even this is becoming very uncommon. The term \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아줌마[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in particular is frequently used in an insulting way, so it's probably best just not to use it at all.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아줌마[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 여기[$:np] 젓가락[$:nng] 좀[$:maj] 주세요[주다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please bring me some chopsticks, ma'am!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl261-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"People working in restaurants or other small businesses can be referred to as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사장[$:nng]님[$:sn]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"head of a company\u002Fbusiness\"\n }), \" even when they are clearly not the owner.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"선생[$:nng]님[$:sn]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a polite way to refer to an older person, even if they are not a teacher.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어르신[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a polite to refer to someone very old. Be careful to only use this with someone who is very elderly. It's very respectful, but no one wants to be assumed to be elderly if they aren't.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어르신[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 댁[$:nng]에[$:p] 지금[$:maj] 아무[$:np]도[$:p] 안[$:maj] 계세요[계시다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There is no one at your house now, sir?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl261-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The best way to call someone \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"you\"\n }), \" in Korean is to not say it at all, but to make sure the context of your sentence makes it clear who you are referring to. Using the infix -시- is a good way of doing this, because it already eliminates the possiblity that you are talking about yourself.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":6327,"title":6343,"mod":6344,"grammarPoint":6345,"grammarPointTitle":6343,"grammarPointDescription":6346,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6347,"similarGrammarPoints":6348,"tags":6365,"content":6350,"dependentGrammarPoints":6351,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6366,"prereqPoints":6367},[6037,6055,6335],[],[],{"id":6369,"title":6370,"mod":6371,"grammarPoint":6372,"grammarPointTitle":6370,"grammarPointDescription":6373,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6374,"similarGrammarPoints":6375,"tags":6377,"content":6378,"dependentGrammarPoints":6379,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6380,"prereqPoints":6393},20531320053780,"하다 - To do",1756149217636,"intro-to-do","하다 by itself means \"to do,\" but it is used to create a huge number of verbs by adding it to nouns.",[6245],[6376],20531380297668,[6037,6145],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"하다 - To do\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to do\"\n }), \" and it has a unique conjugation. In the casual present tense it becomes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"해[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"하다 → 해\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"뭐[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">해[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What are you doing?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl18-1ㅁ.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you see above, it can be used like in English to simply say someone \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"does\"\n }), \" something. But it can also be used with nouns like \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"study\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"공부[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") and \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"work\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") to say things like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"my brother studies,\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"dad works.\"\n }), \" You are literally saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"dad does work.\"\n }), \" In these combinations, the activity noun gets the object marker.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아빠[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">일[$:nng]을[$:p] 해[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Dad works.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl18-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"형[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">공부[$:nng]를[$:p] 해[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My brother studies.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl18-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"동생[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">설거지[$:nng]를[$:p] 안[$:maj] 해요[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My younger sibling doesn't do the dishes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl18-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"These \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"noun\"\n }), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"를[$:nng] 하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" phrases can be expressed as a verb by attaching the noun directly to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-하다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"NOUN\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"를[$:nng] 하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → NOUN\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"작년[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">여행했어요[여행하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I traveled last year.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl18-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"빨리[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">말해[말하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Say it quickly.\",\n audio: 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{\n children: [\"Adjectives can also be made by adding a noun like \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"happiness\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"행복[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-하다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to create a word meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be happy.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이제[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">안전해[안전하다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Now you're safe.\",\n audio: 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They all contain the meaning of \"to be.\" ",[],[],[6037,6405,6060],{"id":6406,"title":410,"description":6407,"slug":6390,"language":6036},"1753317214954","generally relating to adjectives","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Introduction to Adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"An adjective is a word that describes a noun.\"\n }), \" Adjectives in Korean look and conjugate just like verbs, so you don't need to learn a different set of conjugations, yay! In fact, sometimes textbooks call verbs \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"action verbs\"\n }), \" and adjectives \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"descriptive verbs.\"\n }), \" We won't be doing this, but it is a good way to think about adjectives in Korean because they all contain the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be.\"\n }), _jsx(\"br\", {}), \"\\nTherefore, unlike in English, there is no need for connecting words such as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"is\"\n }), \" when saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"The cat is small.\"\n }), \" Koreans simply say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"고양이[$:nng]가[$:p] 작아[작다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Literally, \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"cat small.\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Note that the noun being described is the subject of the sentence and therefore uses the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:p]\u002F가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"작다 - to be small\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"작다 → 작아\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아기[$:nng] 발[$:nng]이[$:p] 너무[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">작아[작다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Baby feet are so small.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl19-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"많다 - the be many\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"많다 → 많아\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여기[$:np]는[$:p] 항상[$:maj] 사람[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">많아[많다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are always many people here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl19-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"좋다 - to be good\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"좋다 → 좋아\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"냄새[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">좋아[좋다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The smell is good.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl19-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"There are cases where adjectives and verbs conjugate differently, but that will be covered in another lesson.\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":6376,"title":6382,"mod":6383,"grammarPoint":6384,"grammarPointTitle":6385,"grammarPointDescription":6386,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6387,"similarGrammarPoints":6388,"tags":6413,"content":6391,"dependentGrammarPoints":6392,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6414,"prereqPoints":6415},[6037,6405,6060],[],[],{"id":6417,"title":6418,"mod":6419,"grammarPoint":6420,"grammarPointTitle":6418,"grammarPointDescription":6421,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6422,"similarGrammarPoints":6423,"tags":6424,"content":6425,"dependentGrammarPoints":6426,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6427,"prereqPoints":6428},20531412369396,"좋아하다 vs 좋다",1756149343829,"like-vs-good","This lesson compares the verb 좋아하다 with the adjective 좋다.",[6137,6397,6376],[],[6037,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"좋아하다 vs 좋다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To make sure you really understand how verbs and adjectives work with particles, it is worth taking a look at a very common pair: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"좋다[좋다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"좋아하다[좋아하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"좋다[좋다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is an adjective meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be good.\"\n }), \" Phrases with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"좋다[좋다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can only have a subject, not an object.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 노래[$:nng] 진짜[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">좋아[좋다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This song is really good.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl21-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"On the other hand, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"좋아하다[좋아하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a verb meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to like,\"\n }), \" and it needs a subject and an object (like always in Korean, one or the other, or both, can be omitted if the context is clear, but there is always a subject and object \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"implied\"\n }), \").\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 노래[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">좋아해요[좋아하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I like that song.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl21-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"While \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"좋다[좋다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" translates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be good\"\n }), \" in English, often the most natural translation in a sentence can actually be \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to like.\"\n }), \" This is because \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"좋다[좋다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"좋아하다[좋아하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are more similar in meaning than \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be good\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to like\"\n }), \" are in English, and also just because of how we express things in English. It would just be too weird to say \\\"as for me, potatoes are good!\\\" in English, but you can say that in Korean.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] 감자[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">좋아요[좋다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I like potatoes. (As for me, potatoes are good.)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl21-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Finally, in conversation, Koreans often use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"좋아[좋다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"! where an English speaker would say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"okay,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I like it!\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"sounds good!\"\n }), \" in response to questions like \\\"Shall we go tomorrow?\\\"\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">좋아[좋다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Okay!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl21-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[6232,6429,6381],{"id":6397,"title":6398,"mod":6399,"grammarPoint":6400,"grammarPointTitle":6398,"grammarPointDescription":6401,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6402,"similarGrammarPoints":6403,"tags":6430,"content":6408,"dependentGrammarPoints":6409,"language":6036},[6041,6390,6064],{"id":6432,"title":6433,"mod":6434,"grammarPoint":6435,"grammarPointTitle":6433,"grammarPointDescription":6436,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6437,"similarGrammarPoints":6438,"tags":6440,"content":6441,"dependentGrammarPoints":6442,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6443,"prereqPoints":6455},20531385568956,"Conjugation 8 - Verbs and adjectives ending in ㅡ, no batchim",1756149383230,"conjugation-8","This lesson covers the rules for conjugating words ending in ㅡ.",[],[6439],20536690793832,[6037,6060,6055],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiNumberedHeading} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Conjugation 8 - Verbs and adjectives ending in ㅡ, no batchim\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When a verb or adjective stem ends with the vowel ㅡ, ㅡ is omitted when adding an ending to it that starts with a vowel, such as the present tense endings -아 and -어.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The vowel in the syllable before 一 determines whether the ending -아 or -어 will be added.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When the verb stem is only one syllable and ends in ㅡ, you add -어.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"쓰다 → 써\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] 일기[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">써요[쓰다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I write a journal.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl22-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"크다 → 커\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"말은[$:b] 진짜[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">커[크다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Horses are really big.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl22-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the syllable right before the stem has the vowel ㅏ or ㅗ (\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"category 1\"\n }), \"), you add -아.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"배고프다 → 배고파\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">배고파[패고프다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm hungry.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl22-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"아프다 → 아파\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어디[$:np]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아파[아프다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Are you hurting somewhere?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl22-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the syllable right before the stem has a vowel \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"other than\"\n }), \" ㅏ or ㅗ(\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"category 2\"\n }), \"), you add -어.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"슬프다 → 슬퍼\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"나[$:np]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">슬퍼[슬프다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm sad.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl22-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"기쁘다 → 기뻐\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"정말[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">기뻐요[기쁘다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm really glad.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl22-6a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"one syllable stem ending in ㅡ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"크다[크다:a::$:] → 커[크다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"second to last syllable has the vowel ㅏ or ㅗ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"배고프다[배고프다:a::$:] → 배고파[배고프다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"second to last syllable has a vowel other thanㅏ or ㅗ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"슬프다[슬프다:a::$:] → 슬퍼[슬프다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6444],{"id":6439,"title":6445,"mod":6446,"grammarPoint":6447,"grammarPointTitle":6445,"grammarPointDescription":6448,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6449,"similarGrammarPoints":6450,"tags":6451,"content":6453,"dependentGrammarPoints":6454,"language":6036},"르 irregular",1756149429777,"r-irregular-conjugation","This lessons covers the 르 irregular pattern.",[6432],[],[6041,6452,6059],"korean-irregular-conjugations","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiNumberedHeading} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"르 irregular\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Some verbs and adjectives are irregular and don't follow the regular conjugation rules. They are called irregulars, but actually, in many respects they are also very rule-following. It's just that they have their own special rules (try using that one in court).\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The first one we'll look at is 르 irregular. When conjugating \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"most\"\n }), \" verbs and adjectives with a stem that ends in 르 into the present tense, ㄹ is added as batchim to the syllable before 르 and 一 is removed from 르. The vowel in the syllable before 一 determines whether the ending -아 or -어 will be added. Don't worry if you didn't get that, it is easier to understand by looking at examples.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the second to last syllable in the stem has the vowel ㅏ or ㅗ, 르 becomes \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"ㄹ라\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"빠르다 → 빨라\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"기차[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">빨라[빠르다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The train is fast.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl23-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"모르다 → 몰라\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">몰라[모르다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't know.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl23-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When second to last syllable in the stem has a vowel \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"other than\"\n }), \" ㅏ or ㅗ, 르 becomes \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"ㄹ러\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"부르다 → 불러\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"엄마[$:nng]가[$:p] 너[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">불러[부르다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mom is calling you.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl23-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"누르다 → 눌러\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"스페이스바[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">눌러[누르다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Press the space bar.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl23-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"second to last syllable in stem has the vowel ㅏ or ㅗ + 르\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"빠르다[빠르다:a::$:] → 빨라[빠르다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"second to last syllable in stem has a vowel other thanㅏ or ㅗ + 르\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"흐르다[흐르다:a::$:] → 흘러[흐르다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":6439,"title":6445,"mod":6446,"grammarPoint":6447,"grammarPointTitle":6445,"grammarPointDescription":6448,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6449,"similarGrammarPoints":6450,"tags":6457,"content":6453,"dependentGrammarPoints":6454,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6462,"prereqPoints":6463},[6037,6458,6055],{"id":6459,"title":6460,"description":6461,"slug":6452,"language":6036},"1753317194054","Irregular Conjugations","all conjugations that are considered irregular",[],[6464],{"id":6432,"title":6433,"mod":6434,"grammarPoint":6435,"grammarPointTitle":6433,"grammarPointDescription":6436,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6437,"similarGrammarPoints":6438,"tags":6465,"content":6441,"dependentGrammarPoints":6442,"language":6036},[6041,6064,6059],{"id":6467,"title":6468,"mod":6469,"grammarPoint":6470,"grammarPointTitle":6468,"grammarPointDescription":6471,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6472,"similarGrammarPoints":6473,"tags":6474,"content":6480,"dependentGrammarPoints":6481,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6482,"prereqPoints":6483},20531430963084,"Introduction to Adverbs",1756149465342,"adverbs","Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs to provide information about how, to what extent, or when something happens.",[],[],[6037,6031,6475],{"id":6476,"title":6477,"description":6478,"slug":6479,"language":6036},"1753879085144","Adverbs","all kinds of adverbs","korean-adverbs","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Introduction to Adverbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs to provide information about how, to what extent, or when something happens.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Adverbs in Korean work in a similar way to English and are flexible about where they can be placed in a sentence. However, they always come before the verb they modify.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When using an adverb with a \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" verb, you can put it between the noun and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"공부[$:nng]를[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 해[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"I study well\"\n }), \". You can also use more than one adverb at a time to say things like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"진짜[$:maj] 빨리[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"really fast\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">잘[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 가[가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Go well.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl24-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">빨리[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 와[오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Come quickly.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl24-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">진짜[$:maj] 빨리[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 배워[배우다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I learn really fast.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl24-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":6485,"title":6486,"mod":6487,"grammarPoint":6488,"grammarPointTitle":6486,"grammarPointDescription":6489,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6490,"similarGrammarPoints":6491,"tags":6492,"content":6498,"dependentGrammarPoints":6499,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6500,"prereqPoints":6501},20535688796148,"존댓말 - Polite and Informal Speech",1754425417732,"jondaemal","Sentence endings in Korean change depending on who you are talking to. This lesson introduces casual but polite speech, and provides some relevant cultural information.",[],[],[6037,6493,6330],{"id":6494,"title":6495,"description":6496,"slug":6497,"language":6036},"1753317249822","-요 form","The polite and non-formal speech pattern","korean-form","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiImage, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiImage) _missingMdxReference(\"UiImage\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"존댓말 - Polite and Informal Speech\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"A very important and distinguishing feature of Korean is that it has multiple forms of speech that vary in terms of politeness and formality.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So far all the sentences you have seen have been in a form of speech called \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"banmal\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"반말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \":\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fbanmal1.webp\",\n alt: \"banmal chart\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"반말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" literally means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"half speech,\"\n }), \" and it is a version of the language that does not show respect to the listener. Generally speaking, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"반말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used between friends who are the same age, to people who are younger or with lower social status, and sometimes to close family members. However, this is a massive oversimplification, because exactly when and where it is okay to use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"반말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a very complex calculation - one that even Koreans struggle with at times. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"반말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be seen as very, very rude when used to the wrong person, but friendly and relaxed when used to the right one.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When speaking with strangers, to people they aren't close to, and to people who are older or higher status, Koreans use a form of speech called \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"jondaemal\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"존댓말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \":\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fjondaemal1.webp\",\n alt: \"jondaemal chart\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"존댓말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" literally means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"respectful speech.\"\n }), \" There are actually multiple types of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"존댓말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for formal or casual situations.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Casual, polite speech is the most common level of speech in daily life, and it can be used virtually anywhere without offending anyone. Two important distinguishing features of this form of speech are that\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"most of the time sentences end in -요\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"you use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" when talking about yourself\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The next few lessons will teach you how Koreans express themselves in casual, polite speech.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Many textbooks and grammar guides call \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"반말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \\\"casual speech,\\\" but that is not a good description because \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"존댓말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used in casual situations. 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it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":6503,"title":6504,"mod":6505,"grammarPoint":6506,"grammarPointTitle":6504,"grammarPointDescription":6507,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6508,"similarGrammarPoints":6509,"tags":6511,"content":6512,"dependentGrammarPoints":6513,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6514,"prereqPoints":6527},20535714461196,"Verbs and Adjectives in Polite Speech",1756149501299,"yo-form-conjugation","To end a sentence politely, just add 요!",[6154,6161,6162,6163,6164,6165,6166,6432],[6485,6510],20535712287540,[6037,6493],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Verbs and Adjectives in Polite Speech\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In order to end a sentence politely in the present 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{\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"좋아[좋다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"좋아요[좋다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] 수영[$:nng]을[$:p] 못[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">해요[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can't swim.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl26-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"시간[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">필요해요[필요하다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I need time.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl26-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"과일[$:nng]이[$:p] 너무[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">비싸요[비싸다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Fruit is too expensive.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl26-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"존댓말\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"해[하다:v::$:] → 해요[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6515,6517],{"id":6485,"title":6486,"mod":6487,"grammarPoint":6488,"grammarPointTitle":6486,"grammarPointDescription":6489,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6490,"similarGrammarPoints":6491,"tags":6516,"content":6498,"dependentGrammarPoints":6499,"language":6036},[6041,6497,6334],{"id":6510,"title":6518,"mod":6519,"grammarPoint":6520,"grammarPointTitle":6518,"grammarPointDescription":6521,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6522,"similarGrammarPoints":6523,"tags":6524,"content":6525,"dependentGrammarPoints":6526,"language":6036},"이다 and 아니다 in Polite Speech",1756149536069,"yo-form-to-be","This lesson covers how to conjugate 이다 and 아니다다 in the -요 form.",[],[6485,6503],[6041,6064,6497],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"이다 and 아니다 in Polite Speech\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be,\"\n }), \" and in present tense banmal it conjugates to 야 and 이야. In polite speech, 야 becomes 예요, and 이야 becomes 이에요.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Noun (ending in batchim) + 이다 → 이에요\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] 학생[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이에요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm a student.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl27-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:nng]이[$:p] 언니[$:nng] 생일[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이에요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Today is unni's birthday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl27-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Noun (ending in vowel) + 이다 → 예요\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 남자[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">예요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's that man.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl27-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] 환자[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">예요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm a patient.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl27-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"아니다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니다[아니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has a unique conjugation in jondaemal: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니에요[아니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"의사[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아니에요[아니다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm not a doctor.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl27-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"책상[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아니에요[아니다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's not a desk.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl27-6a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun (ending in batchim) + 이다 → 이에요\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"학생[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun (no batchim) + 이다 → 예요\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"커피[$:nng]예요[이다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"아니다 → 아니에요\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아니에요[아니다다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6237,6171,6181,6191,6201,6211,6221,6464],{"id":6510,"title":6518,"mod":6519,"grammarPoint":6520,"grammarPointTitle":6518,"grammarPointDescription":6521,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6522,"similarGrammarPoints":6523,"tags":6529,"content":6525,"dependentGrammarPoints":6526,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6530,"prereqPoints":6533},[6037,6060,6493],[6515,6531],{"id":6503,"title":6504,"mod":6505,"grammarPoint":6506,"grammarPointTitle":6504,"grammarPointDescription":6507,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6508,"similarGrammarPoints":6509,"tags":6532,"content":6512,"dependentGrammarPoints":6513,"language":6036},[6041,6497],[],{"id":6535,"title":6536,"mod":6537,"grammarPoint":6538,"grammarPointTitle":6536,"grammarPointDescription":6539,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6540,"similarGrammarPoints":6541,"tags":6542,"content":6543,"dependentGrammarPoints":6544,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6545,"prereqPoints":6546},20535715196532,"저 - Polite “I\"",1756149575893,"polite-I","How to say \"I\" politely.",[],[],[6037,6493,6335],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"저 - Polite “I\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When speaking politely, you use the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" when saying \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"I\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">저[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl28-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">저[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>는[$:np] 미국[$:nnp] 사람[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm American.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl28-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When adding the subject marker to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it turns into \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"제[$:np]가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"저 + 가 → 제가\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">제[$:np]가[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 전화했어요[전화하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I called.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl28-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">제[$:np]가[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 알아요[알다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I know.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl28-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"I\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:mm] + 가[가다:v::$:] = 제[$:np]가[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":6548,"title":6549,"mod":6550,"grammarPoint":34,"grammarPointTitle":6551,"grammarPointDescription":6552,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6553,"similarGrammarPoints":6554,"tags":6555,"content":6556,"dependentGrammarPoints":6557,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6558,"prereqPoints":6559},20535728429412,"Names",1756149620332,"Names in Korean","How to use people's names, plus the titled 씨 and 님.",[],[],[6037,6031,6330],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Names\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Names in Korean most commonly have \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"three syllables\"\n }), \". They consist of \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"a one syllable family name followed by a two syllable given name\"\n }), \". Married women do not take their husband's surname when they get married, but children get their father's surname.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When referring to someone who you are on banmal terms with, you can just use their first name. For names that end in a batchim, you must add the syllable \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the name before adding any particles. This \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"not\"\n }), \" the subject marker.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's say you want to tell your boyfriend that your old friend Taerin is a lawyer.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"태린\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이\u003C\u002Fstrong>가[$:p] 변호사[$:nng]야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Taerin is a lawyer.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl29-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Now let's say you want to tell your grandfather that your friend Taerin is a lawyer.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"태린[태리다:v::$:]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이[$:nnp]\u003C\u002Fstrong>가[$:p] 변호사[$:nng]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Taerin is a lawyer.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl29-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You can see that you still refer to your friend as Taerin, but the sentence ending changes to 예요 to show respect to the person you are speaking to - your grandfather.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Names that end in a vowel and foreign names, whether they end in a batchim or not, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"do not\"\n }), \" add this extra \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"수지[$:nng]는[$:p] 가수[$:nng]야[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Suji is a singer.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl29-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"마이클[$:nnp]은[$:p] 영어[$:nnp]를[$:p] 가르쳐요[가르치다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Michael teaches English.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl29-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When calling out to a close friend to get their attention, you can add -아 to names that end in a batchim and -야 to names that end in a vowel.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"보람[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아[$:ic]\u003C\u002Fstrong>!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Boram!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl29-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"민주[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">야[$:ic]\u003C\u002Fstrong>!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Minju!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl29-6a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When you are on jondaemal terms with someone, you need to add a title after their name, whether you are speaking to them or about them. For instance, if you want to mention your friend Boram, who you normally address as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"언니[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you would say 보람 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"언니[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" when you need to refer to her by name.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The title \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"씨[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is sometimes translated as Mr., Mrs., Miss, etc, but in modern English that sounds more formal than \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"씨[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" really is. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"씨[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is sometimes used even when you have a friendly relationship with someone, but are not on banmal terms. \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Generally, 씨 is only used for people who are the same age or younger than you, or are lower status\"\n }), \". Remember that the ending of the sentence depends on the person you are speaking to, not the person you are talking about.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가영[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">씨[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>가[가다:v::$:] 알아요[알다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Gayoung knows.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002F129-7a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"혜[$:nng]규[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">씨[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>는[$:np] 똑똑해요[똑똑하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Hyegyu is smart.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl29-8a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"님[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be added to a name to refer to someone more politely. This can be used to people younger or older than you. This is the same \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-님\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" you've seen in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"선생님\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"소은[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">님[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>은[$:nng] 아파요[아프다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Soeun is sick.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl29-9a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"재보[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">님[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>은[$:nng] 질문[$:nng]이[$:p] 많아요[많다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Jaebo has a lot of questions.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl29-10a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"fun fact\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"About half of all Koreans (20 million people in South Korea) have the last names 김 (Kim), 이 (Lee) or 박 (Park). There are a few very rare two syllable surnames, like 남궁. Often people with these surnames will have a one syllable given name to remain within the typical three syllable naming convention.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you use other textbooks and reference books, you will see \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"씨[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" being used very frequently, but in everyday life it is used far less often, and many Koreans even say that it feels unpleasant being called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"씨. 님\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" originally wasn't really used with names, just titles, but it started to be used to refer to strangers online, and eventually spread into the real world. Now it is much more common than \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"씨\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Name ending in batchim + particle\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"태형[$:nng]이[$:sn]가[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Name + 씨\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"태형[$:nng] 씨[$:nnb]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Calling out to a friend\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"태형[$:nnp]아[$:p]!\u003Cbr>\\n지수[$:nng]야[$:p]!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":6561,"title":6562,"mod":6563,"grammarPoint":6564,"grammarPointTitle":6565,"grammarPointDescription":6566,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6567,"similarGrammarPoints":6568,"tags":6569,"content":6570,"dependentGrammarPoints":6571,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6572,"prereqPoints":6575},20535728541432,"Titles ",1756149703412,"titles","Titles","Titles are important in Korean and are often prefered over names. ",[],[6548],[6037,6330,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Titles \"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You already learned that to call someone \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"you\"\n }), \" in banmal you can use the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"너[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It may surprise you to hear that it is vary rare to use \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"you\"\n }), \" in polite speech. It is less necessary in Korean because pronouns are often dropped anyway, but sometimes it is necessary to refer directly to the person you are speaking to.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One way is to refer to them by their name plus \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"씨[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"님[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Another is to refer to them by a title. This lesson will look at some titles used in Korean and explain when to use them.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Males call older brothers \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"형[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and older sisters \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"누나[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Females call older brothers \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오빠[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and older sisters \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"언니[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". These terms are not just for blood relatives though, they are also used when referring to older friends (even just one year older).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">오빠[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>는[$:p] 키[$:nng]가[$:p] 커요[크다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Oppa is tall.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl30-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">언니[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>는[$:p] 도서관[$:nng]에[$:p] 갔어요[가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Unni went to the library.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl30-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">형[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>은[$:p] 집[$:nng]에[$:p] 없어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Hyung isn't home.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl30-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">누나[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>는[$:p] 미국[$:nnp]에서[$:p] 공부해요[공부하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Noona studies in the US.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl30-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"At school, older students are referred to as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"선배[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This term is also used when referring to someone who went to the same school as you but graduated before you, or someone who has been in the same career for longer than you.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">선배[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>는[$:p] 소설[$:nng]을[$:p] 좋아해요[좋아하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Sunbae likes novels.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl30-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"At work, people are often referred to by their last name followed by their title, which makes specific job titles a lot more important than in the English speaking world.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"강[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">대리[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>님[$:sn]은[$:p] 오늘[$:maj] 쉬어요[쉬다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Assistant manager Kang is off work today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl30-6a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When you are at a shop or a restaurant, it is polite to refer to the people working there as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사장[$:nng]님[$:sn]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", as if they are the owner or boss (even if they are clearly not, but better safe than sorry.) They will refer to you as customer (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"고객님\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") or guest (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"손님\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \").\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">사장[$:nng]님[$:sn]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이[$:p] 미국[$:nnp] 사람[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The boss is an American.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl30-7a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This is not an exhaustive list. 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We will talk more about this in a later lesson.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6573],{"id":6548,"title":6549,"mod":6550,"grammarPoint":34,"grammarPointTitle":6551,"grammarPointDescription":6552,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6553,"similarGrammarPoints":6554,"tags":6574,"content":6556,"dependentGrammarPoints":6557,"language":6036},[6041,6035,6334],[],{"id":6577,"title":6578,"mod":6579,"grammarPoint":6580,"grammarPointTitle":6578,"grammarPointDescription":6581,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6582,"similarGrammarPoints":6583,"tags":6584,"content":6585,"dependentGrammarPoints":6586,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6587,"prereqPoints":6588},20537711633592,"의 - Possession",1756149759347,"possession","This lesson covers the particle 의 in Korean, which works like 's in English.",[],[],[6037,6079],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"의 - Possession\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"의[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to a noun to express that it possesses the following noun. It corresponds to \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"of\"\n }), \" or the possessive \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"‘s\"\n }), \" in English, like when saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"teacher’s table,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"mother's car,\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Dave's book.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"선생[$:nng]님[$:sn]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">의[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 집[$:nng]은[$:p] 커요[크다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Teacher's house is big.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl31-1b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아빠[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">의[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 차는[차다:v::$:] 고장[$:nng]났어요[나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Dad's car is broken.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl31-2b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In spoken language, the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"의[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is very often omitted.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이거[$:np]는[$:p] 준호[$:nnp] 컵[$:nng]이야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This is Junho's cup.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl31-3b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the syllable \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"의[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used as the possessive particle, it is usually pronounced 에.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun + 의\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"선생[$:nng]님[$:sn]의[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":6590,"title":6591,"mod":6592,"grammarPoint":6593,"grammarPointTitle":6591,"grammarPointDescription":6594,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6595,"similarGrammarPoints":6596,"tags":6597,"content":6598,"dependentGrammarPoints":6599,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6600,"prereqPoints":6601},20537711655012,"Possessive Pronouns",1756149926808,"possessive-pronouns","All about how to say your, mine, and our in Korean.",[6320,6577],[],[6037,6031,6335],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Possessive Pronouns\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Pronouns in English can't have \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"'s\"\n }), \" attached to them (we don't say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I's book\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"you's chair,\"\n }), \") but you can attach \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"의[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to Korean pronouns.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">나[$:np]의[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 가방[$:nng]이[$:p] 커[크다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My bag is big.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl32-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">너[$:np]의[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 고양이[$:nng]가[$:p] 자[$:nnb].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Your cat is sleeping.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl32-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">저[$:np]의[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 컴퓨터[$:nng]는[$:p] 비싸요[비싸다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My computer is expensive.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl32-9a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"While they can be written as above, they are almost always shortened into an alternate form.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"long form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"short form\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나[$:np]의[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"내[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"너[$:np]의[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"네[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저[$:np]의[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"제[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"내[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"네[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" would normally be pronounced the same, so in order to distinguish between them and avoid confusion, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"네\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as a possessive pronoun is almost always pronounced like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"니\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">내[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 가방[$:nng]이[$:p] 커[크다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My bag is big.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl32-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">네[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 고양이[$:nng]가[$:p] 자[$:nnb].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Your cat is sleeping.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl32-5b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">제[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 컴퓨터[$:nng]는[$:p] 비싸요[비싸다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My computer is expensive.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl32-10a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"우리[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"we\"\n }), \", is also used to mean \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"our\"\n }), \", and does not use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"의\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">우리[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 집[$:nng]은[$:p] 멀어요[멀다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Our house is far away.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl32-6a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"우리[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is commonly used in both banmal and jondaemal, but there is another word that means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"our\"\n }), \" and is more polite than \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"우리 - 저희\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is only used in jondaemal.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">저희[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 돈[$:nng]이[$:p] 아니에요[아니다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's not our money.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl32-7a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In banmal, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"너희[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used as the second person plural.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">너희[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 집[$:nng]에서[$:p] 만나[만나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's meet at your (you guys') house.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl32-8a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"나의 → 내\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내[$:np]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"너의 → 네\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"네[$:mm]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"저의 → 재\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"재[$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[6602,6604],{"id":6320,"title":6321,"mod":6322,"grammarPoint":6323,"grammarPointTitle":6321,"grammarPointDescription":6324,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6325,"similarGrammarPoints":6326,"tags":6603,"content":6339,"dependentGrammarPoints":6340,"language":6036},[6041,6334,6338],{"id":6577,"title":6578,"mod":6579,"grammarPoint":6580,"grammarPointTitle":6578,"grammarPointDescription":6581,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6582,"similarGrammarPoints":6583,"tags":6605,"content":6585,"dependentGrammarPoints":6586,"language":6036},[6041,6082],{"id":6607,"title":6608,"mod":6609,"grammarPoint":6610,"grammarPointTitle":6608,"grammarPointDescription":6611,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6612,"similarGrammarPoints":6613,"tags":6614,"content":6620,"dependentGrammarPoints":6621,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6622,"prereqPoints":6623},20531298487716,"누구 - Who",1756152038674,"who","How to say \"who\" in Korean.",[],[],[6037,6615,6031],{"id":6616,"title":6617,"description":6618,"slug":6619,"language":6036},"1753317560124","Question words","words like who, what, where, etc","korean-question-words","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"누구 - Who\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word for \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"who\"\n }), \" in Korean is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"누구[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">누구[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>야[$:p]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Who is it?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl33-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">누구[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>를[$:p] 찾아[찾다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Who are you looking for?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl33-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"누구[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is combined with the subject marker, it becomes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"누가[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" instead of 누구가.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">누가[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 저[$:np]를[$:p] 찾아요[찾다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Who's looking for me?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl33-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"누구[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has a second usage - it can also mean \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"someone\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">누가[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 올[$:mm] 거[$:nnb]야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Someone's going to come today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl33-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are times when it might be difficult to tell if \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"누구[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means who or someone, like in the question 누가 와?\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In text we have to rely on context to give us hints about which meaning is intended. However, in speech, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"누구[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is slightly emphasized when it means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"who\"\n }), \", and the verb is slightly emphasized when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"누구[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"someone\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">누가[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 와[오다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Someone's coming?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl33-6h.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"누구 + 가\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"누가[$:np]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":6625,"title":6626,"mod":6627,"grammarPoint":6628,"grammarPointTitle":6626,"grammarPointDescription":6629,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6630,"similarGrammarPoints":6631,"tags":6636,"content":6637,"dependentGrammarPoints":6638,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6639,"prereqPoints":6680},20531372297064,"랑\u002F이랑 - “And” with nouns",1756150299963,"rang-and","Korean uses multiple particles for \"and.\" This lesson covers the use of 랑\u002F이랑 which is common in spoken language.",[],[6632,6633,6634,6635],20531372154036,20531318600976,20531438286516,20531438398332,[6037,6079],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"랑\u002F이랑 - “And” with nouns\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"랑[$:p]\u002F이랑[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to a noun to say \\\"\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"noun\"\n }), \" and...\\\" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"랑[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to nouns ending in a vowel and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이랑[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to nouns ending in a consonant.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Noun ending in vowel + 랑\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사과[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">랑[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 바나나[$:nng]는[$:p] 과일[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Apples and bananas are fruit.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl34-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"커피[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">랑[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 빵[$:nng]을[$:p] 샀어요[사다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I bought coffee and bread.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl34-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Noun ending in batchim + 이랑\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"책상[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이랑[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 의자[$:nng]가[$:p] 필요해요[필요하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I need a desk and a chair.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl34-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"양말[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이랑[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 바지[$:nng]는[$:p] 빨았어[빨다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I washed socks and pants.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl34-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"These particles are only used for listing nouns, they cannot be used to say \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"verb and verb\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"adjective and adjective\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun(ending in vowel) + 랑\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"나[$:np]랑[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun(ending in batchim) + 이랑\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"책[$:nng]이랑[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6640,6650,6660,6670],{"id":6632,"title":6641,"mod":6642,"grammarPoint":6643,"grammarPointTitle":6641,"grammarPointDescription":6644,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6645,"similarGrammarPoints":6646,"tags":6647,"content":6648,"dependentGrammarPoints":6649,"language":6036},"하고 - Another \"and\"",1756150336163,"hago-and","This lesson covers the use of the particle 하고, which is used in spoken and written language.",[6625],[6625,6633,6634,6635],[6041,6082],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"하고 - Another \\\"and\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하고[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has the same meaning and usage as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"랑[$:p]\u002F이랑[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"NOUN and NOUN\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Noun하고\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"영국[$:nnp]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하고[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 스페인[$:nnp]을[$:p] 여행했어요[여행하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I traveled to England and Spain.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl35-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"소금[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하고[$:p:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 설탕[$:nng]이[$:p] 없어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There is no salt or sugar.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl35-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"화장품[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하고[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 옷[$:nng]은[$:p] 어디[$:np]에서[$:p] 사요[사다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Where do you buy cosmetics and clothes?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl35-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun하고\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"나[$:np]하고[$:p] 언니[$:nng]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":6633,"title":6651,"mod":6652,"grammarPoint":6653,"grammarPointTitle":6651,"grammarPointDescription":6654,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6655,"similarGrammarPoints":6656,"tags":6657,"content":6658,"dependentGrammarPoints":6659,"language":6036},"와\u002F과 - And another “and!\"",1756150366406,"wa-gwa-and","와\u002F과 are particles meaning \"and\" that are primarily used in formal and written language.",[],[6625,6632,6634,6635],[6041,6082],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"와\u002F과 - And another “and!\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"와[오다:v::$:]\u002F과[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are particles meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"and.\"\n }), \" They have a formal nuance and are more frequently used in writing than in spoken language.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"와[오다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" attaches to nouns ending in a vowel and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"과\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" attaches to nouns ending in a consonant.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Noun ending in vowel + 와\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"연애[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">와[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 결혼[$:nng]은[$:p] 달라[다르다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Dating and marriage are different.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl36-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"경제[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">와[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 역사[$:nng]는[$:p] 어려워요[어렵다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Economics and history are difficult.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl36-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Noun ending in batchim + 과\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"질문[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">과[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 답변[$:nng]은[$:p] 다음[$:nng]에[$:p] 해요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's do questions and answers next.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl36-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"토요일[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">과[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 일요일[$:nng]은[$:p] 쉬어요[쉬다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I rest on Saturday and Sunday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl36-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When listing more than two things, you add the \\\"and\\\" particles \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"랑[$:p]\u002F이랑[$:g], 하고[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"와[$:p]\u002F과[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to each thing.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사과[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">랑[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 배[$:mm]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">랑[$:nnp]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 바나나[$:nng]를[$:p] 먹아요[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I eat apples and pears and bananas.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl36-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun ending in vowel + 와\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"김치[$:nng]와[$:p] 밥[$:nng]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun ending in batchim + 과\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"집[$:nng]과[$:p] 학교[$:nng]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":6634,"title":6661,"mod":6662,"grammarPoint":6663,"grammarPointTitle":6661,"grammarPointDescription":6664,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6665,"similarGrammarPoints":6666,"tags":6667,"content":6668,"dependentGrammarPoints":6669,"language":6036},"“And” meaning “with\"",1756150417633,"and-meaning-with","The particles 랑\u002F이랑, 하고, and 와\u002F과 can mean \"and.\" However, they are also used to mean \"with.\"",[6625,6632,6633],[6625,6632,6633,6635],[6041,6082],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"“And” meaning “with\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particles \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"랑\u002F이랑, 하고\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"와\u002F과\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can mean \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"and\"\n }), \". However, they are also used to mean \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"with\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Noun랑\u002F이랑\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할머니\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">랑\u003C\u002Fstrong> 커피를 마셔요.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I drink coffee with grandma.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl37-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"Note how you are not drinking grandma and coffee!\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Noun하고\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"의사\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하고\u003C\u002Fstrong> 밥을 먹어요.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm eating a meal\u002Frice with the doctor.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl37-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"Nor are you eating the doctor with rice.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Noun와\u002F과\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"언니는 미국 사람\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">과\u003C\u002Fstrong> 결혼해요.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Unni is marrying an American.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl37-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can clearly see in the last sentence here, when used in the \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"with\"\n }), \" meaning, there is no need for a second noun.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":6635,"title":6671,"mod":6672,"grammarPoint":6673,"grammarPointTitle":6671,"grammarPointDescription":6674,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6675,"similarGrammarPoints":6676,"tags":6677,"content":6678,"dependentGrammarPoints":6679,"language":6036},"Comparing using “and\"",1756150450479,"comparisons-using-and","The particles 랑\u002F이랑, 하고, and 와\u002F과 are used with comparing something to something else.",[6625,6632,6633],[6625,6632,6633,6634],[6041,6082],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Comparing using “and\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One more way these particles are used is in comparison sentences like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I'm similar to my friend\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the house is far from school.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Noun이랑\u002F랑\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가격[$:nng]은[$:p] 이거[$:np]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">랑[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 같아요[같다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The price is the same as this one.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl38-2b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"언니[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">랑[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 닮았어요[닮다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I look like unni.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl38-5b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Noun하고\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"동생[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하고[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 성격[$:nng]이[$:p] 비슷해요[비슷하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Her personality is similar to her younger sibling.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl38-3b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Noun와\u002F과\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"생각[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">과[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 달랐어요[다르다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's different than I thought.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl38-1b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"학교[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">와[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 집[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">과[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 멀어요[멀다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"School and home are far apart.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl38-6b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":6632,"title":6641,"mod":6642,"grammarPoint":6643,"grammarPointTitle":6641,"grammarPointDescription":6644,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6645,"similarGrammarPoints":6646,"tags":6682,"content":6648,"dependentGrammarPoints":6649,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6683,"prereqPoints":6686},[6037,6079],[6684,6650,6660,6670],{"id":6625,"title":6626,"mod":6627,"grammarPoint":6628,"grammarPointTitle":6626,"grammarPointDescription":6629,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6630,"similarGrammarPoints":6631,"tags":6685,"content":6637,"dependentGrammarPoints":6638,"language":6036},[6041,6082],[6684],{"id":6633,"title":6651,"mod":6652,"grammarPoint":6653,"grammarPointTitle":6651,"grammarPointDescription":6654,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6655,"similarGrammarPoints":6656,"tags":6688,"content":6658,"dependentGrammarPoints":6659,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6689,"prereqPoints":6690},[6037,6079],[6684,6640,6660,6670],[],{"id":6634,"title":6661,"mod":6662,"grammarPoint":6663,"grammarPointTitle":6661,"grammarPointDescription":6664,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6665,"similarGrammarPoints":6666,"tags":6692,"content":6668,"dependentGrammarPoints":6669,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6693,"prereqPoints":6694},[6037,6079],[6684,6640,6650,6670],[6684,6640,6650],{"id":6635,"title":6671,"mod":6672,"grammarPoint":6673,"grammarPointTitle":6671,"grammarPointDescription":6674,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6675,"similarGrammarPoints":6676,"tags":6696,"content":6678,"dependentGrammarPoints":6679,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6697,"prereqPoints":6698},[6037,6079],[6684,6640,6650,6660],[6684,6640,6650],{"id":6700,"title":6701,"mod":6702,"grammarPoint":6703,"grammarPointTitle":6701,"grammarPointDescription":6704,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6705,"similarGrammarPoints":6706,"tags":6707,"content":6708,"dependentGrammarPoints":6709,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6710,"prereqPoints":6711},20531460609840,"들 - Plural",1756150504906,"deul-plural","Korean nouns can have a singular or plural meaning, depending on context, but to explicitly express a noun as a plural, you can use the particle 들.",[6024],[],[6037,6079],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"들 - Plural\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Nouns in Korean don’t have singular or plural forms (goose\u002Fgeese, sock\u002Fsocks), and whether a noun is understood to be singular or plural depends on the context. That being said, the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"들[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be added to the end of a noun to explicitly express a noun as plural. It is much more common with words for people, but it can also be added to inanimate objects.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"선생님[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">들[$:sn]\u003C\u002Fstrong>은[$:p] 회의[$:nng] 중[$:nnb]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The teachers are in a meeting.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl39-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아이[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">들[$:sn]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이[$:p] 놀이터[$:nng]에서[$:p] 놀고[놀다:v::$:] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The children are playing at the playground.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl39-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">들[$:sn]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이랑[$:p] 영화[$:nng]보러[$:p] 갈[가다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm going to go watch a movie with my friends.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl39-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun + 들\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"학생[$:nng]들[$:sn]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[6712],{"id":6024,"title":6025,"mod":6026,"grammarPoint":9,"grammarPointTitle":6025,"grammarPointDescription":6027,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6028,"similarGrammarPoints":6029,"tags":6713,"content":6042,"dependentGrammarPoints":6043,"language":6036},[6035,6041],{"id":6092,"title":6126,"mod":6127,"grammarPoint":6128,"grammarPointTitle":6126,"grammarPointDescription":6129,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6130,"similarGrammarPoints":6131,"tags":6715,"content":6133,"dependentGrammarPoints":6134,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6716,"prereqPoints":6719},[6037,6031],[6717,6086],{"id":6114,"title":6115,"mod":6116,"grammarPoint":6117,"grammarPointTitle":6115,"grammarPointDescription":6118,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6119,"similarGrammarPoints":6120,"tags":6718,"content":6122,"dependentGrammarPoints":6123,"language":6036},[6041,6035],[],{"id":6077,"title":6087,"mod":6088,"grammarPoint":6089,"grammarPointTitle":6087,"grammarPointDescription":6090,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6091,"similarGrammarPoints":6093,"tags":6721,"content":6095,"dependentGrammarPoints":6096,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6722,"prereqPoints":6723},[6037,6031],[6125],[6125],{"id":6725,"title":6726,"mod":6727,"grammarPoint":6728,"grammarPointTitle":6726,"grammarPointDescription":6729,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6730,"similarGrammarPoints":6731,"tags":6732,"content":6733,"dependentGrammarPoints":6734,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6735,"prereqPoints":6736},20558434967112,"뭐 - What",1756150676487,"mwo-what","뭐 can mean \"what\" or \"something\" in Korean. Learn more here!",[],[],[6037,6615],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"뭐 - What\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"무엇[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is equivalent to the word \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what\"\n }), \" and takes several different forms.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">무엇[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이[$:p] 문제[$:nng]예요[이다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What is the problem?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl42-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"무엇[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is more frequently used in its shortened form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"뭐[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이름[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">뭐[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>예요[이다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What's your name?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl42-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">뭐[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>가[$:p] 제일[$:maj] 예뻐요[예쁘다:a::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What is the most pretty?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl42-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"뭐[$:np]를[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be abbreviated to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"뭘\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">뭘[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이야기하고[이야기하다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What do you want to talk about?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl42-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Just like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"누구[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"who\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"someone,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"무엇[$:np]\u002F뭐[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"something,\"\n }), \" that is, an unspecified thing, depending on context and intonation.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여기[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">뭐[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>가[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There's something here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl42-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":6738,"title":6739,"mod":6740,"grammarPoint":6741,"grammarPointTitle":6739,"grammarPointDescription":6742,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6743,"similarGrammarPoints":6744,"tags":6745,"content":6746,"dependentGrammarPoints":6747,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6748,"prereqPoints":6749},20536578930972,"만 - Only",1756150711196,"man-only","The particle 만 equates to \"only\" in English.",[],[],[6037,6079],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"만 - Only\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"만[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" equates to \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"only\"\n }), \" in English. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"만[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"replaces\"\n }), \" the subject markers \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:p]\u002F가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and the object markers \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"을[$:p]\u002F를[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:nng]은[$:p] 물[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 마셔요[마시다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Today I'm only drinking water.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl43-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이건[$:np] 선생[$:nng]님[$:sn]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 알아요[알다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This is something only the teacher knows.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl43-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"고추[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 비싸요[비싸다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Only the chilies are expensive.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl43-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 만\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"빵[$:np]만[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":6751,"title":6752,"mod":6753,"grammarPoint":6754,"grammarPointTitle":6755,"grammarPointDescription":6756,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6757,"similarGrammarPoints":6758,"tags":6759,"content":6760,"dependentGrammarPoints":6761,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6762,"prereqPoints":6763},20538676027224,"ㅂ Irregular",1756150828581,"b-irregular","ㅂ irregular","Many verb and adjectives with stems that end in a ㅂ follow the ㅂ irregular conjugation rule.",[],[],[6037,6060,6458],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"ㅂ Irregular\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This lesson will look at another exception to the conjugation rules you have learned so far.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When conjugating verb or adjective stems that end in ㅂ into the present tense, ㅂ is replaced with ㅜ.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"덥다[덥다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to be hot (the air or the weather)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"덥다 → 더우 + 어 → 더워\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] 날씨[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">더워요[덥다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The weather is hot today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl44-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"춥다[춥다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to be cold (the air or the weather)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"춥다 → 추우 + 어 → 추워\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"겨울[$:nng] 바다[$:nng]는[$:p] 너무[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">추워요[춥다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The winter sea is too cold.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl44-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"무겁다[무겁다다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to be heavy\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"무겁다 → 무거우 + 어 → 무거워\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가방[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">무거워요[무겁다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The bag is heavy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl44-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어렵다[어렵다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to be difficult\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"어렵다 → 어려우 + 어 → 어려워\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"일본어[$:nnp]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어려워요[어렵다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Japanese is difficult.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl44-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"exceptions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are two exceptions to the above rule. The ㅂ in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"돕다[돕다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to help\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"곱다[곱다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be beautiful\"\n }), \" turn into ㅗ instead of ㅜ.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"곱다[곱다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to be fine\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"곱다 → 고오 + 아 → 고와\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 해변[$:nng]은[$:p] 모래[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">고와요[곱다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That beach's sand is fine.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl44-5b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are verbs and adjectives that don't change like this and instead follow the regular conjugation rules, like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"좁다[좁다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be small, narrow\"\n }), \", and 잡다 \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to grab.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 집[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">좁아요[좁다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That house is small (narrow).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl44-6a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb or adjective stem ending in ㅂ → ㅜ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"덥다[덥다:a::$:] → 더워[덥다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb or adjective stem ending in ㅂ → ㅗ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"돕다[돕다:v::$:] → 도와[돕다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":6765,"title":6766,"mod":6767,"grammarPoint":6768,"grammarPointTitle":6766,"grammarPointDescription":6769,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6770,"similarGrammarPoints":6771,"tags":6775,"content":6776,"dependentGrammarPoints":6777,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6778,"prereqPoints":6809},20536628738112,"에 - Marking destination and location",1756150900457,"eh-destination-marking-particle","The particle 에 is used to mark the destination of a movement and where person or thing is located.",[],[6772,6773,6774],20538650632644,20539569925860,20662961526516,[6037,6079],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"에 - Marking destination and location\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" serves a few different functions related to destination and location. It corresponds to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"on,\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"at.\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to a place noun to mark it as the destination for a movement verb such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가다[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go\"\n }), \". It translates to \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"월요일[$:nng]만[$:p] 수영장[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 가요[$:nng].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I only go to the pool on Monday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl45-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"한국[$:nnp]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 언제[$:maj] 도착해[도착하다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When do you arrive in Korea?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl45-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It is used when giving or sending something to anything that is not a person or animal.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"회사[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이메일[$:nng]을[$:p] 보냈어요[보내다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I sent an email to the company.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl45-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오렌지[$:nng] 나무[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 물[$:nng]을[$:p] 줘요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm giving water to the orange tree (I'm watering the orange tree).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl45-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also used to indicate the place to which you move something, or where an object is located.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"쓰레기[$:nng]는[$:p] 여기[$:np]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 버려[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Throw away the garbage here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl45-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"안경[$:nng]은[$:p] 가방[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 넣었어[넣다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I put my glasses in my bag.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl45-6a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 4\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is also used with certain verbs that imply \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"staying\"\n }), \", like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"살다[살다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to live\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be in a location\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오빠[$:nng]는[$:p] 미국[$:nnp]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 살아요[살다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Oppa lives in the US.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl45-7a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내[$:np] 선물[$:nng]은[$:p] 어디[$:np]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 있어[있다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Where is my present?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl45-8a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"There are more uses of this particle that will be covered in other lessons.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 에\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"학교[$:nng]에[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6779,6789,6799],{"id":6772,"title":6780,"mod":6781,"grammarPoint":6782,"grammarPointTitle":6780,"grammarPointDescription":6783,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6784,"similarGrammarPoints":6785,"tags":6786,"content":6787,"dependentGrammarPoints":6788,"language":6036},"에 - Time",1755202514355,"eh-particle-time","The particle 에 can be used with time to say something happens at that time.",[6765],[6765,6774],[6041,6082],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"에 - Time\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can indicate destination and location. It can also be used with time to say something happens at that time.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"작년[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 멕시코[$:nnp]에[$:p] 갔어요[가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Last year I went to Mexico.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl60-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저녁[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 손님[$:nng]이[$:p] 와요[오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The guests are coming in the evening.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl60-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"요즘[$:nng]은[$:p] 밤[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 추워요[춥다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"These days it is cold at night.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl60-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The words for today \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(오늘[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"), tomorrow \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(내일[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"), yesterday \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(어제\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"), and now \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(지금[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") do not use the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] 바빠요[바쁘다:a::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Are you busy today?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl60-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"삼촌[$:nng], 내일[$:nng] 봐요[보다:v::$:]!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"See you tomorrow, uncle!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl60-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"시간\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"시간[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has two meanings - \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"time\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"hour\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">시간[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 있어요[있다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Do you have time today?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl60-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used with numbers or the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"몇[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it has the \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"hour\"\n }), \" meaning.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어제[$:maj] 게임[$:nng] 몇[$:mm] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">시간[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 했어[하다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How many hours did you play games yesterday?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl60-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"time plus -에\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아침[$:nng]에[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":6773,"title":6790,"mod":6791,"grammarPoint":6792,"grammarPointTitle":6790,"grammarPointDescription":6793,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6794,"similarGrammarPoints":6795,"tags":6796,"content":6797,"dependentGrammarPoints":6798,"language":6036},"에서 - Marking the location of an action",1756152758838,"ehsuh-location-action","This lesson teaches the location marking particle 에서, and how it is different from 에.",[6765],[6765],[6041,6082],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"에서 - Marking the location of an action\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To express the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"location where something happens\"\n }), \", we use the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" both correspond to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"at\"\n }), \" in English, but \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"can't\"\n }), \" be used to say where something is located.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Particle\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Usage\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"에\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Location where something stays or exists; destination\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"에서\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Location of an action\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"학교[$:nng]에서[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm at school.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"학교[$:nng]에[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm at school.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"학교[$:nng]에[$:p] 공부해요[공부하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I study at school.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"학교[$:nng]에서[$:p] 공부해요[공부하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I study at school.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"카페[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에서[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 케잌[$:nng]을[$:p] 먹어요[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm eating cake at a cafe.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl69-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"헬스장[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에서[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 운동할[운동하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm going to exercise at the gym.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl69-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"주차장[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에서[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 그[$:mm] 사람[$:nng]을[$:p] 봤어요[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I saw that person in the parking lot.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl69-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에서[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is even used when the \\\"action\\\" is an adjective like being happy.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"나[$:np]는[$:p] 일본[$:nnp]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에서[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 행복해[행복하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm happy in Japan.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl69-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에서[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is attached to the words \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"여기\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"here\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"거기\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"there\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저기\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"over there\"\n }), \", it can contract to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"여기[$:np]서[$:p], 거기[$:np]서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저기[$:np]서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여기[$:np]서[$:p] 기다려[기다리다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Wait here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl69-7a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"location + 에서\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"학교[$:nng]에서[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":6774,"title":6800,"mod":6801,"grammarPoint":6802,"grammarPointTitle":6800,"grammarPointDescription":6803,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6804,"similarGrammarPoints":6805,"tags":6806,"content":6807,"dependentGrammarPoints":6808,"language":6036},"에 - Other uses",1755878181525,"eh-particle-other-uses","The particle 에 is used in many ways. Here are a few additional examples.",[6765,6772],[6765,6772],[6041,6082],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"에 - Other uses\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"We'd like to show you a few more common ways \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used. Depending on the sentence, the translation can be \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"in\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"on\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"for\"\n }), \", or not even be included. It isn't exactly because \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has that many meanings, it's just that Koreans say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I answered to that question\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"exercise is good to health.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"공부[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 집중할[집중하다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 없어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can't concentrate on studying.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl94-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"설명[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 오류[$:nng]가[$:p] 있는[있다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb] 같아요[같다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think there's an error in the explanation.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl94-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"역사[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 관심[$:nng]이[$:p] 많아요[많다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm very interested in history.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl94-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 주장[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 반박하기[반박하다:v::$:] 어려울[어렵다:a::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It will be difficult to refute that claim.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl94-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"안전[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 주의하세요[주의하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Be careful of your safety.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl94-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"성적[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 영향[$:nng]이[$:p] 없었어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It didn't effect my grades.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl94-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":6811,"title":6812,"mod":6813,"grammarPoint":6814,"grammarPointTitle":6812,"grammarPointDescription":6815,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6816,"similarGrammarPoints":6817,"tags":6819,"content":6820,"dependentGrammarPoints":6821,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6822,"prereqPoints":6833},20536630870812,"있다 - To exist, to have",1756151087176,"itda-to-exist","The word 있다 literally means \"to exist,\" but is used to say things as diverse as \"there is hope,\" \"he is at school,\" and \"I have a book.\"",[6765],[6818],20537593049592,[6037,6031,6145],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"있다 - To exist, to have\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" literally means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to exist\"\n }), \", but is used to say things as diverse as \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"there is hope\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"he is at school\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"I have a book\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This lesson will look at the various ways \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used, but remember that on a basic level it always means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to exist.\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"First let's look at the \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to exist\"\n }), \" usage. Notice that the thing that exists is the grammatical subject of the sentence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"외계인[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Aliens exist.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl46-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"귀신[$:nng]이[$:p] 진짜[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Do ghosts really exist?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl46-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used as a location marker with verbs that imply \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"staying\"\n }), \". The most common verb used in this way is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is paired with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to indicate where someone or something is located.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] 지금[$:maj] 사무실[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm in the office now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl46-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"화장실[$:nng]에[$:p] 수건[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The towels are in the bathroom.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl46-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지금[$:maj] 집[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">있어[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Are you at home now?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FMl46-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The third usage is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to have.\"\n }), \" The person who has something usually gets the topic marker \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\u002F는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and the thing they have gets the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"subject marker\"\n }), \". This may be confusing to English speakers, because in English the thing you have is the object of the sentence. However, what you are literally saying in Korean is along the lines of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"as for me, there is a book.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"요즘[$:nng] 고민[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I have worries these days.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl46-6a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"주말[$:nng]에[$:p] 약속[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I have an appointment this weekend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl46-7a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Sometimes beginners find the difference between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" confusing because they are both \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"is\"\n }), \" in English. So take a few moments to ponder the difference between these two sentences.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"책[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It is a book.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl46-8a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"책[$:nng]이[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There is a book.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl46-9a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6823],{"id":6818,"title":6824,"mod":6825,"grammarPoint":6826,"grammarPointTitle":6824,"grammarPointDescription":6827,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6828,"similarGrammarPoints":6829,"tags":6830,"content":6831,"dependentGrammarPoints":6832,"language":6036},"없다 - To not exist, to not have",1756151149102,"to-not-exist","The word 없다 is the opposite of 있다, and has the basic meaning of \"to not exist.\"",[6811],[6811],[6041,6035,6390],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"없다 - To not exist, to not have\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"없다[없다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the opposite of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and has the basic meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to not exist\"\n }), \". It is used to say things as varied as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"ghosts don't exist,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"my brother is not here,\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I don't have a pencil.\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"First we will look at some examples where \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"없다[없다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to not exist.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"소금[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">없어[없다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There is no salt.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl47-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"외계인[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">없어[없다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are no aliens.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl47-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여기[$:np]에[$:p] 술[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">없어요[없다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There is no alcohol here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl47-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now we will look the \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to not be in a location\"\n }), \" meaning of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"없다[없다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"필통[$:nng]에[$:p] 지우개[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">없어요[없다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The eraser isn't in the pencil case.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl47-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] 남편[$:nng]이[$:p] 회사[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">없어요[없다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Today my husband is not at the office.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl47-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Finally, let's look at some examples where \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"없다[없다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to not have.\"\n }), \" Like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you usually use the topic marker on the person who has something and the subject marker for the thing they have.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] 돈[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">없어요[없다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't have money.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl47-6a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"직업[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">없어요[없다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't have a job.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl47-7a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6834],{"id":6765,"title":6766,"mod":6767,"grammarPoint":6768,"grammarPointTitle":6766,"grammarPointDescription":6769,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6770,"similarGrammarPoints":6771,"tags":6835,"content":6776,"dependentGrammarPoints":6777,"language":6036},[6041,6082],{"id":6818,"title":6824,"mod":6825,"grammarPoint":6826,"grammarPointTitle":6824,"grammarPointDescription":6827,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6828,"similarGrammarPoints":6829,"tags":6837,"content":6831,"dependentGrammarPoints":6832,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6838,"prereqPoints":6841},[6037,6031,6405],[6839],{"id":6811,"title":6812,"mod":6813,"grammarPoint":6814,"grammarPointTitle":6812,"grammarPointDescription":6815,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6816,"similarGrammarPoints":6817,"tags":6840,"content":6820,"dependentGrammarPoints":6821,"language":6036},[6041,6035,6148],[6839],{"id":6843,"title":6844,"mod":6845,"grammarPoint":6846,"grammarPointTitle":6844,"grammarPointDescription":6847,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6848,"similarGrammarPoints":6849,"tags":6850,"content":6851,"dependentGrammarPoints":6852,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6853,"prereqPoints":6854},20536651764972,"여기\u002F거기\u002F저기 - Here and there pronouns",1756151190999,"here-there","The words 여기, 거기, and 저기 are equivalent to here, there, and over there, or this place and that place.",[],[6114],[6037,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"여기\u002F거기\u002F저기 - Here and there pronouns\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The words \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"여기[$:np], 거기[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저기[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are equivalent to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"here,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"there,\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"over there,\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"this place, that place.\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"here - 여기\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">여기[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>가[$:p] 맛집[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This here is a good restaurant.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl48-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"왜[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">여기[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 있어요[있다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why are you here?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl48-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"there - 거기\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">거기[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>는[$:p] 사무실[$:nng]이[$:p] 아니에요[아니다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That there is not an office.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl48-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">거기[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 날씨[$:nng]는[$:p] 어때요[어떻다:a::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How is the weather there?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl48-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"over there - 저기\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"칫솔[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">저기[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The toothbrush is over there.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl48-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">저기[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>는[$:p] 누구[$:np] 집[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Whose house is that?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl48-6a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6717],[],{"id":6856,"title":6857,"mod":6858,"grammarPoint":6859,"grammarPointTitle":6857,"grammarPointDescription":6860,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6861,"similarGrammarPoints":6862,"tags":6865,"content":6871,"dependentGrammarPoints":6872,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6873,"prereqPoints":6894},20537711531364,"Past tense 이다",1756151230687,"past-tense-to-be","This lesson explains how to express 이 the past tense.",[6047],[6863,6864],20537711566500,20537711585532,[6037,6060,6866],{"id":6867,"title":6868,"description":6869,"slug":6870,"language":6036},"1753889860992","Tense","Past, Present and Future","korean-tense","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Past tense 이다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Just like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has two present tense conjugations (야\u002F이야), there are two past tense conjugations: 였어 and 이었어, the former being used after nouns ending in a vowel, the latter being used after nouns ending in a batchim.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Noun (ending in vowel) + 이다 → 였어(요)\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 냄새[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">였어[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It was this smell.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl49-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"거기[$:np]는[$:p] 러시아[$:nnp]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">였어[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That was Russia.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl49-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그건[$:np] 쓰레기[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">였어[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That was garbage.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl49-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Noun (ending in batchim) + 이다 → 이었어(요)\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"얼굴[$:nng]이[$:p] 초록색[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이었어요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"His face was green.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl49-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"유명한[유명하다:a::$:] 빵집[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이었어요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It was a famous bakery.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl49-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"좋은[좋다:a::$:] 게임[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이었어[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It was a good game.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl49-6a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun (ending in vowel) + 이다 → 였어(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"선배[$:nng]였어[이다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun (ending in batchim) + 이다 → 이었어(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"귀신[$:nng]이었어[이다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6874,6884],{"id":6863,"title":6875,"mod":6876,"grammarPoint":6877,"grammarPointTitle":6875,"grammarPointDescription":6878,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6879,"similarGrammarPoints":6880,"tags":6881,"content":6882,"dependentGrammarPoints":6883,"language":6036},"Past tense 하다",1756151267043,"past-tense-hada","Learn how to conjugate 하다 and all verbs and adjectives that end in 하다 into the past tense.",[6369],[6369,6376,6864],[6041,6064,6870],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Past tense 하다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and verbs and adjectives ending with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", are conjugated to past tense by conjugating \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" into \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"했어[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"뭐[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">했어요[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What did you do?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl50-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">데이트했어요[데이트하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We dated.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl50-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"매일[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">운동했어요[운동하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I exercised every day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl50-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 남자[$:nng]가[$:p] 계단[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">청소했어요[청소하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That man cleaned the stairs.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl50-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"하다 → 했어(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"했어[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n수영했어요[수영하다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":6864,"title":6885,"mod":6886,"grammarPoint":6887,"grammarPointTitle":6885,"grammarPointDescription":6888,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6889,"similarGrammarPoints":6890,"tags":6891,"content":6892,"dependentGrammarPoints":6893,"language":6036},"Past tense - all other verbs and adjectives",1756151490342,"past-tense","This lesson covers how to express verbs and adjectives in the past tense.",[],[6856,6863],[6041,6064,6870],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Past tense - all other verbs and adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Similarly to how \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" becomes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"해[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in the present tense and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"했어[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in the past tense, verbs and adjectives that don’t end in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are also conjugated into the past tense by adding -ㅆ어 to their conjugated present tense forms. For example:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가다[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"갔어[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"먹다[먹다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"먹어[먹다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"먹었어[먹다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You can see many examples in the table below.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Dictionary Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 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rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"갔어[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오다[오다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to come\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"와[오다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n 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Let's use the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"예쁘다[예쁘다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to look at the various componants you have learned so far.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"예쁘[예쁘다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the stem of the word, and contains the basic meaning of \\\"to be pretty.\\\" It becomes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"예뻐\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" when expressed in the present tense. The vowel ㅡ can be considered weak, and so it just disappears when the present tense componant is added: ㅓ. It is this ㅓ (or for other words, ㅏ) which expresses the present tense.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If we write it in past tense \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(예뻤어[예쁘다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"), it is -었어 that indicates past tense. We can add -요 to the end of this, which is a componant that adds politeness.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Thinking about Korean verbs and adjectives as containing interlocking components will help you learn the patterns, which will in turn allow you to decipher the grammatical meaning of new combinations when you see them.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6110],{"id":6863,"title":6875,"mod":6876,"grammarPoint":6877,"grammarPointTitle":6875,"grammarPointDescription":6878,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6879,"similarGrammarPoints":6880,"tags":6896,"content":6882,"dependentGrammarPoints":6883,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6897,"prereqPoints":6900},[6037,6060,6866],[6898,6381,6884],{"id":6369,"title":6370,"mod":6371,"grammarPoint":6372,"grammarPointTitle":6370,"grammarPointDescription":6373,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6374,"similarGrammarPoints":6375,"tags":6899,"content":6378,"dependentGrammarPoints":6379,"language":6036},[6041,6148],[6898],{"id":6864,"title":6885,"mod":6886,"grammarPoint":6887,"grammarPointTitle":6885,"grammarPointDescription":6888,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6889,"similarGrammarPoints":6890,"tags":6902,"content":6892,"dependentGrammarPoints":6893,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6903,"prereqPoints":6906},[6037,6060,6866],[6904,6874],{"id":6856,"title":6857,"mod":6858,"grammarPoint":6859,"grammarPointTitle":6857,"grammarPointDescription":6860,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6861,"similarGrammarPoints":6862,"tags":6905,"content":6871,"dependentGrammarPoints":6872,"language":6036},[6041,6064,6870],[],{"id":6281,"title":6289,"mod":6290,"grammarPoint":6291,"grammarPointTitle":6289,"grammarPointDescription":6292,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6293,"similarGrammarPoints":6294,"tags":6908,"content":6296,"dependentGrammarPoints":6297,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6909,"prereqPoints":6912},[6037,6079],[6910,6298,6308],{"id":6274,"title":6275,"mod":6276,"grammarPoint":6277,"grammarPointTitle":6275,"grammarPointDescription":6278,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6279,"similarGrammarPoints":6280,"tags":6911,"content":6285,"dependentGrammarPoints":6286,"language":6036},[6041,6082],[6913,6910],{"id":6070,"title":6071,"mod":6072,"grammarPoint":6073,"grammarPointTitle":6071,"grammarPointDescription":6074,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6075,"similarGrammarPoints":6076,"tags":6914,"content":6083,"dependentGrammarPoints":6084,"language":6036},[6082,6041],{"id":6282,"title":6299,"mod":6300,"grammarPoint":6301,"grammarPointTitle":6299,"grammarPointDescription":6302,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6303,"similarGrammarPoints":6304,"tags":6916,"content":6306,"dependentGrammarPoints":6307,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6917,"prereqPoints":6918},[6037,6079],[6910,6288,6308],[6910],{"id":6283,"title":6309,"mod":6310,"grammarPoint":6311,"grammarPointTitle":6309,"grammarPointDescription":6312,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6313,"similarGrammarPoints":6314,"tags":6920,"content":6316,"dependentGrammarPoints":6317,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6921,"prereqPoints":6922},[6037,6079],[6913,6910,6288,6298],[6913,6910,6288,6298],{"id":6924,"title":6925,"mod":6926,"grammarPoint":6927,"grammarPointTitle":6928,"grammarPointDescription":6929,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6930,"similarGrammarPoints":6931,"tags":6932,"content":6933,"dependentGrammarPoints":6934,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6935,"prereqPoints":6936},20675458935876,"다 - All",1756151879391,"da-all","다 - All","The word for \"all\" - 다 - can be used as a noun or adverb. This lesson also includes info about a surprising usage!",[],[],[6037,6475,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"다 - All\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"다[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"all\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"everything.\"\n }), \" It can be used as a noun or as an adverb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사랑[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">다[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>가[$:p] 아니야[$:ic].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Love isn't everything.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl55-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"밥[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">다[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 됐어요[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Dinner is all ready.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl55-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used as an adverb with a past tense verb, it can give the meaning that the verb has been completed, or even that it is \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"almost\"\n }), \" completed.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"겨울[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">다[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 갔어요[가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Winter is almost over.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl55-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"거의[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">다[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 왔어요[오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We're almost there.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl55-4b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":6938,"title":6939,"mod":6940,"grammarPoint":6941,"grammarPointTitle":6939,"grammarPointDescription":6942,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6943,"similarGrammarPoints":6945,"tags":6947,"content":6953,"dependentGrammarPoints":6954,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6955,"prereqPoints":6966},20537593255860,"Native Korean Numbers 1 - 10",1756151993182,"native-numbers-1","Korean has two number systems. This lesson introduces the native Korean system.",[6944],20537593375176,[6946],20539585626144,[6037,6948],{"id":6949,"title":6950,"description":6951,"slug":6952,"language":6036},"1753888265305","Numbers","Numbers, and things that use numbers like dates","korean-numbers","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Native Korean Numbers 1 - 10\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Korean has two systems of counting numbers. One set of numbers is of Chinese origin and is called the Sino-Korean number system. The other set originated in Korea, and is called the native Korean number system. This lesson will teach the native Korean numbers 1 through 10.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Native Korean number\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"1\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하나[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"2\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"둘[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"3\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"셋[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"4\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"넷[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"5\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"다섯[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"6\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"여섯[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"7\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일곱[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"8\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"여덟[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"9\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아홉[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"10\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"열[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Native Korean numbers are used for counting small numbers of things, the hours of the day, and when stating people's ages.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"볶음밥[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하나[$:nr]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 주세요[$:b]!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"One rice, please!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl56-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">셋[$:nr]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이랑[$:p] 같이[$:maj] 여행[$:nng] 갈[가다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm going to travel with three friends.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl56-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When stating someone's age, you say the number plus \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"살[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"years of age.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:mm] 딸[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">여섯[$:nr]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 살[$:nnb]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My daughter is six years old.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl56-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사자[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아홉[$:nr]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 살[$:nnb]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The lion is nine years old.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl56-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"There is no number zero in the native Korean number system.\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6956],{"id":6946,"title":6957,"mod":6958,"grammarPoint":6959,"grammarPointTitle":6957,"grammarPointDescription":6960,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6961,"similarGrammarPoints":6962,"tags":6963,"content":6964,"dependentGrammarPoints":6965,"language":6036},"Sino-Korean numbers up to 10",1756153036927,"sino-korean-numbers-1","This lesson introduces the Sino-Korean number system.",[],[6938],[6041,6952],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Sino-Korean numbers up to 10\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"There are two number systems in Korean, one of which was imported from China. It's called the Sino-Korean number system (in case you don't know, the prefix Sino- refers to anything Chinese, just like Anglo- refers to anything English).\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Sino-Korean numbers are used for math, money, minutes (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"분[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"), days (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"), and for any large number. We're including the hanja in the chart below simply to demonstrate how these words all come from Chinese, unlike native Korean numbers.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Korean\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Hanja\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"0\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"영[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"零\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"1\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"一\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"2\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"二\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"3\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"삼[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"三\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"4\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"四\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"5\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"五\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"6\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"육[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"六\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"7\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"칠[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"七\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"8\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"팔[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"八\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"9\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"구[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"九\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"10\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"십[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"十\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"일[$:nr], 이[$:nr], 삼[$:nr], 사[$:nr], 오[$:nr], 육[$:nr], 칠[$:nr], 팔[$:nr], 구[$:nr], 십[$:nr].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl173-0.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"대리[$:nng]님[$:sn]은[$:p] 8층[$:nng]에[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The deputy section chief is on the 8th floor.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl73-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] 5분[$:nnb] 기다렸어요[기다리다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I waited 5 minutes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl73-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"day\"\n }), \" is used with Sino-Korean numbers to say what day of the month it is.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"7일[$:nng]이[$:p] 생일[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The 7th is my birthday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl73-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"월급[$:nng]을[$:p] 10일[$:nng]에[$:p] 받아요[받다:v::$:]. (십[$:nr])\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I receive my monthly salary on the 10th.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl73-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There is an alternative word for zero - \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"공[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (空). One example of where \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"공[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"영[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is in saying phone numbers.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6967],{"id":6944,"title":6968,"mod":6969,"grammarPoint":6970,"grammarPointTitle":6968,"grammarPointDescription":6971,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6972,"similarGrammarPoints":6973,"tags":6974,"content":6975,"dependentGrammarPoints":6976,"language":6036},"Counters",1755200536732,"counters","A counter is a word used only with numbers, and it represents the category the thing you are counting belongs to.",[6938],[],[6041,6952],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiPronunciationRomanized, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiPronunciationRomanized) _missingMdxReference(\"UiPronunciationRomanized\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Counters\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"A counter is a word used only with numbers, and it represents the category the thing you are counting belongs to.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"An easy way to explain this is to say we also have something similar to counters in English. For example, you would pretty much never say \\\"I have three breads.\\\" You would say \\\"I have three \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"loaves\"\n }), \" of bread.\\\" You would never say \\\"I have five toilet papers,\\\" you would say \\\"I have five \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"rolls\"\n }), \" of toilet paper.\\\" English has other words too, like \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"sheets\"\n }), \" of paper or \", _jsx(UiPronunciationRomanized, {\n pronunciation: \"pairs\"\n }), \" of pants. The difference with English is that we only use them for some things, but Korean uses them for everything you can count. You must use a counter that pairs with the item you are counting.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The word order for counters is:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"item - number - counter\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"개 - things\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"개[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the most general counter, and can be used in a pinch when you don't know the correct counter to use. It basically means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"thing\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사과[$:nng] 다섯[$:nr] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">개[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>를[$:p] 샀어요[사다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I bought five apples.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl58-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"언니[$:nng]는[$:p] 가방[$:nng]이[$:p] 열[$:nr] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">개[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My sister has ten handbags.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl58-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"명 - people\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"명[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used for stating the number people.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng] 다섯[$:nr] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">명[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>만[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I only have five friends.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl58-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the word refers to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사람[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (people), the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사람[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is dropped.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"한[$:mm] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">명[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>만[$:p] 들어올[들어오다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Only one person can come in.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl58-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"마리 - animals\u002Finsects\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 동물원[$:nng]에[$:p] 사자[$:nng]가[$:p] 열[$:nr] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">마리[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are ten lions in this zoo.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl58-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"형[$:nng]이랑[$:p] 누나[$:nng]는[$:p] 치킨[$:nng] 두[$:mm] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">마리[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 먹었어요[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Hyung and noona ate two fried chickens.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl58-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"달 - months\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"미국[$:nnp]에[$:p] 다섯[$:nr] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">달[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 살았어요[살다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I lived in the US for five months.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl58-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"대 - vehicles\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여기[$:np]에[$:p] 버스[$:nng] 네[$:nr] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">대[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are four buses here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl58-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"병 - bottles\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Some counter words are only counters, and can't function on their own as a noun without a number. All the counters above fall into this category. However, other counters are also regular nouns, like the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"병[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means bottle.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"물[$:nng] 한[$:mm] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">병[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 줘[주다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Give me one bottle of water.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl58-9.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"An alternative but less common way using counters is:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"number - counter의 - item\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"다섯[$:nr] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">개[$:nnb]의[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 나라[$:nng]를[$:p] 여행했어요[여행하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I traveled to five countries.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl59-10.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"All of these counters are used with native Korean numbers only. 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it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":6978,"title":6979,"mod":6980,"grammarPoint":6981,"grammarPointTitle":6979,"grammarPointDescription":6982,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6983,"similarGrammarPoints":6984,"tags":6985,"content":6986,"dependentGrammarPoints":6987,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6988,"prereqPoints":6989},20537621815260,"Native Korean Numbers Alternative Forms for 1 - 4",1756152052209,"determiner-numbers","When the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 are used before a noun, you must use their determiner form.",[6938,6944],[],[6037,6948],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) 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: \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[6990,6967],{"id":6938,"title":6939,"mod":6940,"grammarPoint":6941,"grammarPointTitle":6939,"grammarPointDescription":6942,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6943,"similarGrammarPoints":6945,"tags":6991,"content":6953,"dependentGrammarPoints":6954,"language":6036},[6041,6952],{"id":6944,"title":6968,"mod":6969,"grammarPoint":6970,"grammarPointTitle":6968,"grammarPointDescription":6971,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6972,"similarGrammarPoints":6973,"tags":6993,"content":6975,"dependentGrammarPoints":6976,"language":6036,"similarPoints":6994,"prereqPoints":6995},[6037,6948],[],[6990],{"id":6997,"title":6998,"mod":6999,"grammarPoint":7000,"grammarPointTitle":6998,"grammarPointDescription":7001,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7002,"similarGrammarPoints":7003,"tags":7004,"content":7005,"dependentGrammarPoints":7006,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7007,"prereqPoints":7008},20537593502304,"몇 - How many",1755202156402,"how-many","몇 is equivalent to \"how many\" in English. 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it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":6772,"title":6780,"mod":6781,"grammarPoint":6782,"grammarPointTitle":6780,"grammarPointDescription":6783,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6784,"similarGrammarPoints":6785,"tags":7010,"content":6787,"dependentGrammarPoints":6788,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7011,"prereqPoints":7012},[6037,6079],[6834,6799],[6834],{"id":7014,"title":7015,"mod":7016,"grammarPoint":7017,"grammarPointTitle":7015,"grammarPointDescription":7018,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7019,"similarGrammarPoints":7020,"tags":7022,"content":7023,"dependentGrammarPoints":7024,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7025,"prereqPoints":7036},20537711608740,"Native Korean numbers 11-99",1756152222939,"native-numbers-2","This lesson teaches how to say numbers from 11 to 99 in the native Korean number system.",[6938,6978,6944],[6946,7021],20539719359964,[6037,6948],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction 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false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Native Korean numbers 11-99\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To say native Korean numbers over ten, you say it like ten-one (11), ten-six (16), twenty-three (23), thirty-nine (39).\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Korean\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"11\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: 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\"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"30\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"서른[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"40\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"마흔[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"50\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"쉰[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"60\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"예순[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"70\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일흔[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"80\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"여든[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"90\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아흔[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Starting with 100 you must switch to Sino-Korean numbers even if the counter normally requires the use of native Korean numbers. In fact, most people start switching to Sino-Korean by around 40 or 50. At this point in your studies, memorizing up to 50 is enough because native Korean numbers higher than that are rarely used.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">서른[$:nr] 한[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 가지[$:nnb] 맛[$:nng]이[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are 31 flavors.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl61-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쉰[$:nr]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 살[$:nnb]에[$:p] 결혼[$:nng]을[$:p] 했어요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He got married at 40.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl61-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">스물[$:nr] 네[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 시간[$:nng]도[$:p] 모자라요[모자라다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even 24 hours is not enough.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl61-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Just like 하나, 둘, 셋, and 넷 become 한, 두, 세, and 네 before a noun, 스물 becomes 스무 before a noun.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">스무[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 명[$:nnb]이[$:p] 예약했어요[예약하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"20 people made reservations.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl61-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6956,7026],{"id":7021,"title":7027,"mod":7028,"grammarPoint":7029,"grammarPointTitle":7027,"grammarPointDescription":7030,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7031,"similarGrammarPoints":7032,"tags":7033,"content":7034,"dependentGrammarPoints":7035,"language":6036},"Sino-Korean numbers 11 - 9999",1756153074431,"sino-korean-numbers-2","The Sino-Korean number system is used for big numbers, and is very logical. ",[6946],[7014],[6041,6952],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Sino-Korean numbers 11 - 9999\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"That is an intimidating title, right? But don't worry, saying big numbers in Sino-Korean is easy and very logical.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Since you already know the numbers 1 through 10, you only need to learn two more words to count to 9,999! \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"백[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means hundred, and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"천\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means thousand.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here's how it works. To say the number 57, what you need to say is five-ten, seven (5 tens, 7). To say 783 you say seven-hundred, eight-ten, three (7 hundreds, 8 tens, 3). To say 9,999, you say nine-thousand, nine-hundred, nine-ten, nine (9 thousands, 9 hundreds, 9 tens, 9). When 1 is the first digit of a number, you do not say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you just start the number with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"십[$:nr], 백[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"천[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The chart below gives some examples.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Korean\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"11\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"십일[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"14\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"십사[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"39\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"삼십구[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"70\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"칠십[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"187\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"백팔십칠[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"330\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"삼백삼십[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"592\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오백구십이[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"601\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"육백일[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"800\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"팔백[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"1234\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"천이백삼십사[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"4295\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사천이백구십오[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"7008\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"칠천팔[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"9703\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"구천칠백삼[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"18일[$:nng]에[$:p] 도착할[도착하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He's going to arrive on the 18th. (십 팔)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl74-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"한국어[$:nng]를[$:p] 600시간[$:nng] 공부했어요[공부하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I studied Korean for 600 hours. (육 백)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl74-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"자동차[$:nng]를[$:p] 8000대[$:nnb] 팔았어요[팔다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"They sold 8000 cars. (팔 천)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl74-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6990,7037,6967],{"id":6978,"title":6979,"mod":6980,"grammarPoint":6981,"grammarPointTitle":6979,"grammarPointDescription":6982,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6983,"similarGrammarPoints":6984,"tags":7038,"content":6986,"dependentGrammarPoints":6987,"language":6036},[6041,6952],{"id":7040,"title":7041,"mod":7042,"grammarPoint":7043,"grammarPointTitle":7041,"grammarPointDescription":7044,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7045,"similarGrammarPoints":7046,"tags":7050,"content":7051,"dependentGrammarPoints":7052,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7053,"prereqPoints":7086},20538650931324,"안 - Negating verbs",1754485895539,"an-negating-verbs","This lesson teaches how to say you don't do a verb using the word 안.",[],[7047,7048,7049],20538651062328,20556575386356,20559583364772,[6037,6475],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"안 - Negating verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this lesson you will learn how to negate verbs. We can do this by simply placing the adverb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"안[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" right before the verb that we want to negate. It is similar to how the word \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not\"\n }), \" is used in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"안[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used for things the subject \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"does not\"\n }), \" do, not for things that they \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"cannot\"\n }), \" do. It's also not used to tell someone not to do something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어제[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">안[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 썼어요[쓰다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I didn't use it yesterday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl62-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"전화[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">안[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 받아요[받다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She's not answering the phone.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl62-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사람[$:nng]들[$:sn]이[$:p] 아기[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">안[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 낳아요[낳다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"People aren't having babies.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl62-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"안[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with a \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" verb, you must separate it from the noun and put the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"안[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" right before \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". You \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"cannot\"\n }), \" say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"안[$:maj] 공부해요[공부하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"일본어[$:nnp] 공부[$:nng]를[$:p] 안[$:maj] 해요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't study Japanese.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"일본어[$:nng]를[$:p] 안[$:maj] 공부해요[공부하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't study Japanese.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지금[$:nng]은[$:p] 생각[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">안[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 해요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm not thinking now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl62-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The exception to this is any \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" verb that does not come from Chinese, since they can't be split. You will need to learn these on a case-by-case basis, but one you already know \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"좋아하다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 수업[$:nng]을[$:p] 안[$:maj] 좋아해요[좋아하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't like this class.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"안 + verb\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"안[$:maj] 가[가다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"안 + -하다 verb\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"생각[$:nng]을[$:p] 안[$:maj] 해[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7054,7064,7075],{"id":7047,"title":7055,"mod":7056,"grammarPoint":7057,"grammarPointTitle":7055,"grammarPointDescription":7058,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7059,"similarGrammarPoints":7060,"tags":7061,"content":7062,"dependentGrammarPoints":7063,"language":6036},"안 - Negating adjectives",1754485930410,"an-negating-adjectives","Using 안 with adjectives is like saying something is \"not.\"",[6376],[7040],[6041,6479],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"안 - Negating adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When you use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"안[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with an adjective, it means something is not that adjective, like when saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"This lesson is not difficult.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 신발[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">안[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 예뻐요[예쁘다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"These shoes aren't pretty.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl63-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:mm] 반지[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">안[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 비싸요[비싸다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My ring is not expensive.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl63-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"나[$:np]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">안[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 괜찮아[괜찮다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm not okay.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl63-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you've learned previously, you cannot split a \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" adjective into a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"noun\"\n }), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"를[$:p] 하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" form. Because of this, you put \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"안[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in front of the whole word.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 수업[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">안[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 중요해요[중요하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This class is not important.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl63-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"안 + adjective\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"안[$:maj] 예뻐[예쁘다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"안 + 하다 adjective\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"안[$:maj] 행복해[행복하다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":7048,"title":7065,"mod":7066,"grammarPoint":7067,"grammarPointTitle":7065,"grammarPointDescription":7068,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7069,"similarGrammarPoints":7070,"tags":7071,"content":7073,"dependentGrammarPoints":7074,"language":6036},"-지 않다 - Negation",1756129050759,"ji-anhta-negation","-지 않다 is a way to negate verbs and adjectives that has a slightly more formal or written language feel than 안.",[7040,7047],[7040,7047],[6041,7072],"korean-auxiliaries","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-지 않다 - Negation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can negate a verb or adjective with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"안[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". There is an equivalent expression: -지 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"않다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". -지 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"않다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has a slightly more written language feel to it. However, it is still widely used in spoken language. -지 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"않다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" corresponds to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to not\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"not\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Don't you like it?\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-지 않다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"좋아하지 않아?\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"안\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"안 좋아해?\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"br\", {})\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"not\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"It's not spicy.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-지 않다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"맵지 않아요.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"안\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"안 매워요.\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 뉴스[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">믿지[믿다:v::$:] 않아요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't believe that news.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl118-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"요즘[$:nng]은[$:p] 그[$:mm] 서비스[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하지[하다:v::$:] 않아요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We don't do that service these days.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl118-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:mm] 친구[$:nng]는[$:p] 저[$:np]한테[$:p] 남자친구[$:nng] 이야기[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하지[하다:v::$:] 않아요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My friend doesn't talk about her boyfriend to me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl118-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"noun modifiers\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-지 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"않다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used in the noun modifier forms -은 and -았던 when it is negating an \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"adjective\"\n }), \" (we'll talk about verbs later).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">지루하지[지루하다:a::$:] 않은[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 여행[$:nng]이었어요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It was a trip that wasn't boring.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl118-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"questions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The nuance of using -지 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"않다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"안[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in questions is slightly different. It sounds like saying a positive sentence, followed by \\\"isn't it?\\\" or \\\"doesn't it?\\\"\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">안[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 좋아해[좋아하다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don't you like it?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl118-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"좋아하\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">지 않아[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You like it, don't you?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl118-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb or adjective stem + 지 않다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하지[하다:v::$:] 않다[$:b]\u003Cbr>\\n하지[하다:v::$:] 않았어요[$:b]\u003Cbr>\\n하고[하다:v::$:] 있지[있다:v::$:] 않아요[$:b]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":7049,"title":7076,"mod":7077,"grammarPoint":7078,"grammarPointTitle":7076,"grammarPointDescription":7079,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7080,"similarGrammarPoints":7082,"tags":7083,"content":7084,"dependentGrammarPoints":7085,"language":6036},"-지 못하다 - Cannot",1756215538085,"ji-motada-cannot","지 못하다 is the slightly more written language version of 못, which equates to can't.",[7081],20540584260768,[7081],[6041,7072],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-지 못하다 - Cannot\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Just like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-지 않다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the slightly more written language equivalent of the negating word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"안, -지 못하다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the slightly more written language version of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"못[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which equates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"can't.\"\n }), \" Just like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"못[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it can only be used with verbs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"can't\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"I can't go.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-지[$:nnb] 못하다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가지[가다:v::$:] 못해요[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"못[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"못[$:maj] 가요[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"br\", {})\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"not\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"I can't swim.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-지[$:nnb] 못하다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"수영하지[수영하다:a::$:] 못해요[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"못[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"수영[$:nng]을[$:p] 못[$:maj] 해요[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n 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person.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl119-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 프로젝트[$:nng]는[$:p] 제[$:np]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">거절하지[거절하다:v::$:] 않았어요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I couldn't refuse that project.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl119-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + 지 못하다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하지[하다:v::$:] 못해[$:b]\u003Cbr>\\n먹지[먹다:v::$:] 못했어요[$:b]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":7047,"title":7055,"mod":7056,"grammarPoint":7057,"grammarPointTitle":7055,"grammarPointDescription":7058,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7059,"similarGrammarPoints":7060,"tags":7088,"content":7062,"dependentGrammarPoints":7063,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7089,"prereqPoints":7092},[6037,6475],[7090],{"id":7040,"title":7041,"mod":7042,"grammarPoint":7043,"grammarPointTitle":7041,"grammarPointDescription":7044,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7045,"similarGrammarPoints":7046,"tags":7091,"content":7051,"dependentGrammarPoints":7052,"language":6036},[6041,6479],[6381],{"id":7094,"title":7095,"mod":7096,"grammarPoint":7097,"grammarPointTitle":7095,"grammarPointDescription":7098,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7099,"similarGrammarPoints":7100,"tags":7104,"content":7109,"dependentGrammarPoints":7110,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7111,"prereqPoints":7146},20538676290468,"-고 있다 - Present progressive",1755523112929,"go-itda-present-progressive","Present progressive tense in Korean is simple. You just add -고 있다 to the unconjugated verb stem.",[],[7101,7102,7103],20538676495692,20538676725564,20582372690832,[6037,6866,7105],{"id":7106,"title":7107,"description":7108,"slug":7072,"language":6036},"1753895217620","Auxiliaries","Auxiliary verbs and adjectives","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-고 있다 - Present progressive\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Right now you are learning about Korean present progressive tense. This tense is used to describe an action that is currently happening (it equates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"is -ing\"\n }), \" in English).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To change a verb into the present progressive tense you remove the -다 and add -고 있다.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"한국어[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">배우고[배우다:v::$:] 있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm learning Korean.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl64-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">공연하고[공연하다:a::$:] 있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm performing.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl64-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지금[$:maj] 비[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">오고[오다:v::$:] 있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's raining now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl64-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"유럽[$:nnp]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">여행하고[여행하다:v::$:] 있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm travelling Europe.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl64-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It's also fine to use regular present tense to describe an action you are currently doing. 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It is being used as an auxiliary verb to indicate the continuation of the action of the preceding statement.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7112,7122,7132],{"id":7101,"title":7113,"mod":7114,"grammarPoint":7115,"grammarPointTitle":7113,"grammarPointDescription":7116,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7117,"similarGrammarPoints":7118,"tags":7119,"content":7120,"dependentGrammarPoints":7121,"language":6036},"-아\u002F어 있다 - Verbs of state",1755529416130,"uh-itda-state","Learn how to describe continuous states, like \"to be sitting.\"",[],[7094,7102],[6041,6870,7072],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어 있다 - Verbs of state\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In English we use the same tense when saying someone is standing or sitting, or when someone is reading or running, but in Korean you use a different form when the action you are describing is one that describes a state or attitude. In that case you use the form -아\u002F어 있다 instead of -고 있다. Verbs that can use this form include \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"서다[서다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to stand\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"앉다[앉다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to sit\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"눕다[눕다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to lie down\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When these words are not in the -아\u002F어 있다 form, they always describe the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"movement\"\n }), \" of standing up from sitting, sitting down from standing, or lying down onto a bed. However, when they are expressed in the -아\u002F어 있다 tense they describe the state of being in a sitting or standing \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"position\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's look at how they compare.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"남자[$:nng]가[$:p] 갑자기[$:maj] 앉았어요[앉다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The man suddenly sat down.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl65-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"남자[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">앉아[앉다:v::$:] 있었어요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The man was sitting.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl65-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여기[$:np] 누워요[눕다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Lie down here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl65-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사장[$:nng]님[$:sn]이[$:p] 가게[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">누워[눕다:v::$:] 있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The boss is lying down in the shop.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl65-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When we introduce a grammar point as starting with -아\u002F어, we are indicating that the grammar requires the stem to be conjugated, which looks just like the banmal present tense ending. For instance, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가다[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" would be \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가[가다:v::$:], 하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" would be \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"해[하다:v::$:], 받다[받다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" would be \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"받아[받다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" etc.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Basically, the first verb is the action, and 있다 expresses the \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"resultant state.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng]가[$:p] 우리[$:np] 집[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">와[오다:v::$:] 있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My friend is at our house (came and is here).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl65-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Sometimes this can even look like a passive expression, but it is not considered passive in Korean:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"계약서[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">써[쓰다:v::$:] 있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It is written in the contract.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl65-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A possible exception to this explanation is 살아 있다 which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be living,\"\n }), \" as in \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"not dead.\"\n }), \" This is how you express that you are surviving, as opposed to living in a location, which uses \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"살고[살다:v::$:] 있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"낙지[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">살아[살다:v::$:] 있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The octopus is alive.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl65-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb + 아\u002F어 있다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"서[서다:v::$:] 있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":7102,"title":7123,"mod":7124,"grammarPoint":7125,"grammarPointTitle":7123,"grammarPointDescription":7126,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7127,"similarGrammarPoints":7128,"tags":7129,"content":7130,"dependentGrammarPoints":7131,"language":6036},"-고 있다 - Verbs of wearing",1755529549174,"wearing","Korean has many different verbs for wearing. Learn about them here, and also the difference between putting on and wearing clothing.",[],[7094],[6041,6870,6035],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-고 있다 - Verbs of wearing\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You might assume that wearing clothes would fall into the category of \\\"states of being\\\" that uses -아\u002F어 있다, but actually Koreans express the state of wearing clothes using -고 있다. This lesson will teach you how to say you put on clothes and how to say you are wearing clothes.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"There are multiple verbs in Korean to describe wearing clothing and accessories, and you need to use the appropriate one for each item. Sometimes you have more than one option.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Wearing Verb\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Used with\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"입다[입다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"shirt, pants, dress, suit, coat\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"신다[신다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"shoes, slippers, socks, stockings\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"scarf, necklace, earrings, bracelet, belt, hairstyles\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"쓰다[쓰다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"hat, glasses\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"끼다[끼다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"gloves, rings, glasses\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"차다[차다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"watch, belt\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When these verbs are not used in a progressive tense, they mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to put on.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"신발[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">신었어요[신다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I put on shoes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl66-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"수영복[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">입었어요[입다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I put on a bathing suit.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl66-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"반지[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">꼈어요[끼다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I put on a ring.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl66-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used in the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-고 있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" form, they mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be wearing.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"신발[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">신고[$:nng] 있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm wearing shoes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl66-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"수영복[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">입고[입다:v::$:] 있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm wearing a bathing suit.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl66-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"반지[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">끼고[끼다:v::$:] 있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm wearing a ring.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl66-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb of wearing + -고 있다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"입고[입다:v::$:] 있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":7103,"title":7133,"mod":7134,"grammarPoint":7135,"grammarPointTitle":7133,"grammarPointDescription":7136,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7137,"similarGrammarPoints":7139,"tags":7142,"content":7144,"dependentGrammarPoints":7145,"language":6036},"-는 중 - In the middle",1758639944991,"neun-joong-in-the-middle","-는 중이다 is used like present progressive to say you are in the middle of an action.",[6047,7138],20564765485284,[7094,7140,7141],20579401552248,20579401656312,[6041,7143],"korean-bound-nouns","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-는 중 - In the middle\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"중[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also follow a noun or a verb to give the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in the middle of \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">X\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 선수[$:nng]는[$:p] 부상[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">중[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이라[이다:v::$:] 이번[$:nng] 경기[$:nng]에[$:p] 못[$:maj] 나와[나오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That player is injured and won't be able to play in this game.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl266-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"중[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with a verb, you need to put it in its present tense noun modifier form (-는). This grammar form can be considered as another way to express the progressive tense (-ing).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">일[$:nng]하는[$:sv] 중[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm working right now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl266-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"파일[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">다운로드[$:nng]하는[$:sv] 중[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>입니다[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm in the middle of downloading a file.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl266-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"past tense\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The -는 verb ending is present tense, but the sentence can be expressed in past tense by ending the sentence in past tense.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지금[$:maj] 통화할[통화하다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 있어요[있다:v::$:]. 그냥[$:maj] 밥[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">먹는[먹다:v::$:] 중[$:nnb]이었어요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can talk on the phone now. I was just eating.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl266-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When the ongoing action was past tense, it is also possible to use -던 instead of -는. There is no change in meaning.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"댓글[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보던[보다:v::$:] 중[$:nnb]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 스포를[$:nnp] 당했어요[당하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I saw a spoiler while I was reading the comments.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl266-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"약속[$:nng] 장소[$:nng]로[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가던[가다:v::$:] 중[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 갑자기[$:maj] 소나기[$:nng]가[$:p] 내렸어요[내리다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was on my way to my appointment when it suddenly started showering.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl266-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Verb + -(으)ㄴ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"중[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is not used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"교수님과 상담한 중이었어요.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was in the middle of consulting with the professor.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 중\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"준비[$:nng] 중[$:nnb]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem +\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하는[하다:v::$:] 중[$:nnb]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem +\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하던[하다:v::$:] 중[$:nnb]이었어요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":7101,"title":7113,"mod":7114,"grammarPoint":7115,"grammarPointTitle":7113,"grammarPointDescription":7116,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7117,"similarGrammarPoints":7118,"tags":7148,"content":7120,"dependentGrammarPoints":7121,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7149,"prereqPoints":7152},[6037,6866,7105],[7150,7122],{"id":7094,"title":7095,"mod":7096,"grammarPoint":7097,"grammarPointTitle":7095,"grammarPointDescription":7098,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7099,"similarGrammarPoints":7100,"tags":7151,"content":7109,"dependentGrammarPoints":7110,"language":6036},[6041,6870,7072],[],{"id":7102,"title":7123,"mod":7124,"grammarPoint":7125,"grammarPointTitle":7123,"grammarPointDescription":7126,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7127,"similarGrammarPoints":7128,"tags":7154,"content":7130,"dependentGrammarPoints":7131,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7155,"prereqPoints":7156},[6037,6866,6031],[7150],[],{"id":7158,"title":7159,"mod":7160,"grammarPoint":7161,"grammarPointTitle":7159,"grammarPointDescription":7162,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7163,"similarGrammarPoints":7164,"tags":7165,"content":7166,"dependentGrammarPoints":7167,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7168,"prereqPoints":7169},20538778270512,"-고 있었다 - Past progressive",1755529845395,"past-progressive","This lesson explains how to say you were doing something.",[7094,7101],[7094,7101],[6037,6866],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-고 있었다 - Past progressive\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-고 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and -어 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", can be expressed in the past progressive tense by conjugating \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the past tense (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있었다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \").\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] 카페[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가고[가다:v::$:] 있었어요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was going to the cafe (I was on my way to the cafe).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl67-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어제[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">일[$:nng]하고[$:p] 있었어요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was working yesterday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl67-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"뉴스[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보고[보다:v::$:] 있었어요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was watching the news.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl67-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"버스[$:nng] 정류장[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">서[서다:v::$:] 있었어요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was standing at the bus stop.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl67-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb + -고 있었다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"읽고[읽다:v::$:] 있었다[$:b]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7150,7112],[7150,7112],{"id":7171,"title":7172,"mod":7173,"grammarPoint":7174,"grammarPointTitle":7172,"grammarPointDescription":7175,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7176,"similarGrammarPoints":7177,"tags":7178,"content":7179,"dependentGrammarPoints":7180,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7181,"prereqPoints":7182},20538784767252,"계속 and 자꾸 - Keeps doing",1756152717245,"keeps-doing","This lesson teaches how to say you \"keeps doing\" something using the adverbs 계속 and 자꾸.",[],[7094],[6037,6475,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"계속 and 자꾸 - Keeps doing\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One way to express the idea that something happens continuously is to simply use the adverb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"계속[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"continuously\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in succession.\"\n }), \" Using it with a progressive tense is optional.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"생각하면[생각하다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">계속[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 화나요[화나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I keep getting mad when I think about it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl68-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"선생[$:nng]님[$:sn]이[$:p] 계속[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이야기해요[이야기하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The teacher keeps talking.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl68-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A similar word is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"자꾸[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"repeatedly.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"엄마[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">자꾸[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 물어[묻다:v::$:]봐요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mom keeps asking.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl68-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">자꾸[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 제[$:mm] 옷[$:nng]을[$:p] 입어요[입다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She keeps wearing my clothes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl68-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7150],[],{"id":6773,"title":6790,"mod":6791,"grammarPoint":6792,"grammarPointTitle":6790,"grammarPointDescription":6793,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6794,"similarGrammarPoints":6795,"tags":7184,"content":6797,"dependentGrammarPoints":6798,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7185,"prereqPoints":7186},[6037,6079],[6834],[6834],{"id":7188,"title":7189,"mod":7190,"grammarPoint":7191,"grammarPointTitle":7189,"grammarPointDescription":7192,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7193,"similarGrammarPoints":7194,"tags":7195,"content":7196,"dependentGrammarPoints":7197,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7198,"prereqPoints":7199},20539570062276,"어디 - Where",1756152877311,"where","The word 어디 can mean either \"where\" or \"somewhere.\"",[],[],[6037,6615],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"어디 - Where\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어디[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"where\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"너[$:np] 지금[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어디[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>야[$:p]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Where are you now?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl70-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어디[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 있어[있다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Where is your friend?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl70-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When we attach the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어디[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it frequently contracts to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어디[$:np]서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이건[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어디[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>서[$:p] 팔아요[팔다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Where do they sell this?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002F170-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어디[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has a second meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"somewhere.\"\n }), \" When it means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"where,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어디[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" slightly emphasized, and when it means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"somewhere,\"\n }), \" the verb is slightly emphasized.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어디[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 가[가다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Are you going somewhere?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl70-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":7201,"title":7202,"mod":7203,"grammarPoint":7204,"grammarPointTitle":7202,"grammarPointDescription":7205,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7206,"similarGrammarPoints":7207,"tags":7208,"content":7209,"dependentGrammarPoints":7210,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7211,"prereqPoints":7212},20568596742636,"이미 and 벌써 - Already",1756152922187,"already","The words 이미 and 벌써 both mean \"already.\" Learn how they are different here!",[],[],[6037,6475,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"이미 and 벌써 - Already\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are two Korean words that translate to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"already\"\n }), \" in English, but they are used in different ways.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이미[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" simply means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"already\"\n }), \" and has no extra nuance. This is what you use most of the time when you want to express the idea of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"already.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이미[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 다[$:maj] 읽었어요[읽다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I already read them all.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl71-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"비행기[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이미[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 떠났어요[떠나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The plane already left.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl71-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"벌써[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has the extra nuance that something happened sooner than expected.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">벌써[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 겨울[$:nng]이네요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's already winter!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl71-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">벌써[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 일어났어요[일어나다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You're already up?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl71-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":7214,"title":7215,"mod":7216,"grammarPoint":7217,"grammarPointTitle":7215,"grammarPointDescription":7218,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7219,"similarGrammarPoints":7220,"tags":7221,"content":7222,"dependentGrammarPoints":7223,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7224,"prereqPoints":7225},20539592300892,"Chinese influence on the Korean language",1753874912802,"Chinese-Korean","Up to 57% of the words used in Korean have a Chinese origin. Learn a little about how Chinese has influenced Korean.",[],[],[6037,6330],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiImage, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiImage) _missingMdxReference(\"UiImage\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Chinese influence on the Korean language\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For millennia, China has been a major power in Asia, influencing the countries within its sphere economically, culturally, and linguistically. Korea is no exception. Up to 57% of the words used in Korean have a Chinese origin and can be written in \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"hanja\"\n }), \" - Chinese characters. The nouns at the front of -\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" verbs and adjectives are mostly from Chinese, as are many other nouns and counters.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Very few hanja are used in daily life in Korea, and while it is not necessary to study them, having an awareness of what individual syllables mean can boost your vocabulary.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This lesson will teach just a few to demonstrate how they work.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fperson.webp\",\n alt: \"Chinese character 人\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"人 means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"person\"\n }), \" and it is pronounced 인. You can see this character in words like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한국인[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Korean person\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"개인[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"individual\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fwater.webp\",\n alt: \"Chinese character 水\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"水 means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"water\"\n }), \" and it is pronounced 수. You can see this character in words like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"수영[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" which means swimming, or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"호수[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" which means lake.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fhand.webp\",\n alt: \"Chinese character 手\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"手 means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"hand\"\n }), \" and it is \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"also\"\n }), \" pronounced 수. This is the trade off Koreans made when they stopped using hanja in favor of hangul. Korean learners may know instantly how to pronounce a new word, but Chinese and Japanese learners can often interpret the meaning of new words using familiar characters more easily than Korean learners can. A new word containing \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"수\"\n }), \" might be related to water (水), hand (手), number (數), head (首), or collect (收). It might even be a native Korean word with no relation to any hanja!\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":6946,"title":6957,"mod":6958,"grammarPoint":6959,"grammarPointTitle":6957,"grammarPointDescription":6960,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6961,"similarGrammarPoints":6962,"tags":7227,"content":6964,"dependentGrammarPoints":6965,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7228,"prereqPoints":7229},[6037,6948],[6990],[],{"id":7021,"title":7027,"mod":7028,"grammarPoint":7029,"grammarPointTitle":7027,"grammarPointDescription":7030,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7031,"similarGrammarPoints":7032,"tags":7231,"content":7034,"dependentGrammarPoints":7035,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7232,"prereqPoints":7235},[6037,6948],[7233],{"id":7014,"title":7015,"mod":7016,"grammarPoint":7017,"grammarPointTitle":7015,"grammarPointDescription":7018,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7019,"similarGrammarPoints":7020,"tags":7234,"content":7023,"dependentGrammarPoints":7024,"language":6036},[6041,6952],[6956],{"id":7237,"title":7238,"mod":7239,"grammarPoint":7240,"grammarPointTitle":7238,"grammarPointDescription":7241,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7242,"similarGrammarPoints":7243,"tags":7245,"content":7246,"dependentGrammarPoints":7247,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7248,"prereqPoints":7259},20776121351688,"Telling the time",1756153193147,"telling-time","Telling the time in Korean requires native *and* sino numbers! Learn how to tell the time here!",[6938,6978,6946],[7244],20540570218800,[6037,6948],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Telling the time\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"시[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" equates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"o'clock\"\n }), \" in English. Just like the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"시간\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"hour\"\n }), \", it is used with \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"native Korean numbers\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"약국[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">9시[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 열어요[열다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The pharmacy opens at 9 o'clock.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl75-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"분[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" refers to minutes, and it is used with \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Sino-Korean numbers\"\n }), \". If you feel distressed upon learning this fact, support groups are available. For now, take a deep breath and just practice, because with practice it will become second nature. Whenever you come across a time in Korean text, force yourself to stop and figure out how to say the time in Korean. Don't let yourself just think 12:15 in your native language. (If you decide to just postpone learning numbers for a few years, you definitely won't be alone in that decision.)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">8시[$:nnb] 40분[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 수업[$:nng]이[$:p] 시작해요[시작하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Class starts at 8:40.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl75-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"카페[$:nng]는[$:p] 밤[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">10시[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 문[$:nng]을[$:p] 닫아요[닫다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The cafe closes at 10pm.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl75-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the time is on the half hour, it's also possible to say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"반[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"half\"\n }), \" instead of 30 minutes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(삼십[$:nr] 분[$:nnb])\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">2시[$:nnb] 반[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 우리[$:np] 집[$:nng]에[$:p] 와[오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Come to our house at 2:30.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl75-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word for seconds in Korean is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"초[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It uses \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"Sino-Korean numbers\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">30초[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>만[$:p] 기다려요[기다리다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm only waiting 30 seconds.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl75-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"native Korean number + 시\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"5시[$:nnb] = 다섯[$:nr] 시[$:nnb]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7249],{"id":7244,"title":7250,"mod":7251,"grammarPoint":7252,"grammarPointTitle":7250,"grammarPointDescription":7253,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7254,"similarGrammarPoints":7255,"tags":7256,"content":7257,"dependentGrammarPoints":7258,"language":6036},"Telling the date",1756153726917,"telling-the-date","Expressing a specific date in Korean is very straightforward, but different from English. You say the year first, then the month, and finally the day.",[6944,6946,7021],[7237],[6041,6334,6952],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Telling the date\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Expressing a specific date in Korean is very straightforward, but different from English. 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_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"삼[$:nr]일[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"the 3rd (of the month)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"4\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"월[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" 5\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: 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},\n syntax: \"시월[$:nng] 십[$:nr]일[$:nnb]일[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"October 11th\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"1420\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"년[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" 3\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"월\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" 30\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: 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true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"천[$:nr]구백[$:nr]오십[$:nr]년[$:nnb] 유월[$:nng] 이십오[$:nr]일[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"June 25th, 1950\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">12월[$:nnb] 24일[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 뭐[$:np] 할[하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What are you going to do on December 24th?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl80-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">4월[$:nnb] 6일[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>은[$:p] 여자친구[$:nng] 생일[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"April 6th is my girlfriend's birthday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl80-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n 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Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Both 오 월 오 일 and 오월 오일 are correct, but it's almost always written 5월 5일, and almost never written out in letters. You \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"might\"\n }), \" see 오월, but really never 오일.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6990,7037,6956],{"id":7261,"title":7262,"mod":7263,"grammarPoint":7264,"grammarPointTitle":7262,"grammarPointDescription":7265,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7266,"similarGrammarPoints":7267,"tags":7270,"content":7271,"dependentGrammarPoints":7272,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7273,"prereqPoints":7296},20778098363736,"Dividing the day",1755532729051,"dividing-the-day","Koreans conceptualize parts of the day a little different than English speakers do. Learn how to identify different parts of the day in Korean.",[7237],[7268,7269],20776119444432,20777229999324,[6037,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiImage, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiImage) _missingMdxReference(\"UiImage\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Dividing the day\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Koreans divide the day into time a little differently from the way we conceptualize it in English.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fdates_times2.webp\",\n alt: \"clock\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The time starting from around 1 a.m. to dawn is referred to as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"새벽[$:nng]. 아침[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"morning\"\n }), \" follows. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아침[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" refers to the time around when you would eat breakfast, or to the meal itself. Next comes lunch, or lunchtime, which both are referred to as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"점심[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Evening, or the evening meal, is called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저녁[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". When it becomes dark, it is officially \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"밤[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"night\"\n }), \", regardless of what the clock says (in winter it becomes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"밤[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" earlier than in summer). Daytime is when there is light, and that is called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"낮[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". You can use these words along with times to specify 7:30 in the morning, vs 7:30 in the evening or at night. The words \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아침[$:nng], 밤[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", etc come \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"before\"\n }), \" the time, like 아침 7시 30분 or 저녁 7시 30분.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">새벽[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 운동해요[운동하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I exercise at dawn.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl76-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">점심[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 어디[$:np]에[$:p] 있었어[$:b]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Where were you at lunchtime?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl76-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"벌써[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">밤[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's already night.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl76-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Koreans don't use the terms a.m. and p.m. To refer to a.m., they use the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오전[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and for p.m., the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오후[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". You can use these terms in place of the ones above when you want to specify 7:30am or 7:30pm.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내일[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">오전[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 약속[$:nng]이[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I have an appointment tomorrow morning.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl76-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">오후[$:nng] 4시[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 밥[$:nng]을[$:p] 먹었어요[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I ate dinner at 4pm.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl76-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Korean, you don't say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아침[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" 3\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"시[$:nnb]\",\n 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_jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"after noon\"\n }), \" and come from Chinese, just like ante meridiem (a.m.) and post meridiem (p.m.) mean the same thing in Latin.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7274,7285],{"id":7268,"title":7275,"mod":7276,"grammarPoint":7277,"grammarPointTitle":7275,"grammarPointDescription":7278,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7279,"similarGrammarPoints":7281,"tags":7282,"content":7283,"dependentGrammarPoints":7284,"language":6036},"More time expressions",1756212556431,"more-time-expressions","This lesson covers some more time-related vocabularly.",[7280],20537593635936,[7280],[6041,6035],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"More time expressions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"번[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also part of other words related to time. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이번[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저번[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" equate to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"this time\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"last time.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이번[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 경기[$:nng]가[$:p] 정말[$:maj] 중요해요[중요하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This match is really important.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl82-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">저번[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 한[$:mm] 번[$:nnb] 만났어요[만나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I met him once last time.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl82-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"다음[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" equates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"next\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"next time.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">다음[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 봐요[보다:v::$:]!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"See you next time!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl82-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"날[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"day\"\n }), \" is typically used instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"day\"\n }), \" when not talking about dates.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"크리스마스[$:nng] 다음[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">날[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이[$:p] 부모[$:nng]님[$:sn] 결혼기념일[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The day after Christmas is my parents' wedding anniversary.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl82-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이번[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저번[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" comes before the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"달[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"month\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"주[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"week\"\n }), \", it translates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"this week\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"last week.\"\n }), \" That is, you don't say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:mm] 달[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이번[$:nng] 달[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이번[$:nng] 달[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>은[$:p] 공휴일[$:nng]이[$:p] 없어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This month there are no public holidays.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl82-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong 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it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":7269,"title":7286,"mod":7287,"grammarPoint":7288,"grammarPointTitle":7286,"grammarPointDescription":7289,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7290,"similarGrammarPoints":7291,"tags":7293,"content":7294,"dependentGrammarPoints":7295,"language":6036},"Even more time expressions",1756132840617,"time-expressions-2","How to count months and weeks, and some more time related vocabulary.",[6938,6946],[7292,7268],20539880175072,[6041,6035,6952],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) 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vocabulary relating to time.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"months\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In addition to counting months with native Korean numbers and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"달[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you can also count them using Sino-Korean numbers and the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"개월[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"month\"\n }), \". There is no difference in meaning, but \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"개월[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is more formal.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Korean\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"다섯[$:nr] 달[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"five months\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오[$:ic] 개월[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"five months\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오월[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"May\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"독일[$:nnp]에[$:p] 몇[$:mm] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">개월[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 살았어요[살다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How many months did you live in Germany?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl122-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"동안\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"동안[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"for an amount of time,\"\n }), \" and comes after the amount of time.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"3개월[$:nnb] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">동안[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 필리핀[$:nnp]에서[$:p] 공부했어요[공부하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I studied for three months in the Philippines.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl122-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"counting weeks\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word for week is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"주[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". To count weeks, you can actually either use Sino-Korean or native Korean numbers.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"4\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">주[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 후[$:nng]에[$:p] 이사[$:nng]를[$:p] 가야[가다:v::$:] 돼요[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I have to move in four weeks.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl122-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"두[$:mm] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">주[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 동안[$:nng] 집[$:nng]을[$:p] 알아볼[알아보다:v::$:] 예정[$:nng]이예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I plan to look for a house for two weeks.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl122-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There is an exception - the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일주일[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is preferred when saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"one week.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">일주일[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 동안[$:nng] 집[$:nng] 안[$:nng]에[$:p] 있었어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was in the house for a week.   \",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl122-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Counting days\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word 일 is used to count days as well as label them. Depending on context, 7일 can mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"seven days\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"or\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the 7th\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"7\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">일[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 동안[$:nng] 매일[$:maj] 일했어요[일하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I worked every day for seven days. \",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl122-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하루[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"one day\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"a day\"\n }), \" and is used instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일[$:nr] 일[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in most situations.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하루[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 양치[$:nng]를[$:p] 두[$:mm] 번[$:nnb] 해요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I brush my teeth twice a day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl122-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"yesterday, today, tomorrow\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Korean also has words that mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the day before yesterday\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the day after tomorrow.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Korean\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그저께[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"the day before yesterday\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어제[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"yesterday\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오늘[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"today\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"내일[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"tomorrow\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(내일) 모레[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"the day after tomorrow\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그저께[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 보일러[$:nng]가[$:p] 고장[$:nng]났어요[나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The water heater broke the day before yesterday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl122-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">내일[$:nng] 모레[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 수술[$:nng]을[$:p] 해야[하다:v::$:] 해요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I have to have surgery the day after tomorrow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl122-9.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7297],{"id":7237,"title":7238,"mod":7239,"grammarPoint":7240,"grammarPointTitle":7238,"grammarPointDescription":7241,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7242,"similarGrammarPoints":7243,"tags":7298,"content":7246,"dependentGrammarPoints":7247,"language":6036},[6041,6952],{"id":7300,"title":7301,"mod":7302,"grammarPoint":7303,"grammarPointTitle":7301,"grammarPointDescription":7304,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7305,"similarGrammarPoints":7306,"tags":7307,"content":7308,"dependentGrammarPoints":7309,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7310,"prereqPoints":7311},20539880359080,"Age",1756153504061,"age","Learn how to express your age using Sino-Korean numbers.",[6938,7014,6946,7021],[],[6037,6330,6948],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Age\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can express your age in Korean using native Korean numbers and the counter \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"살[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", for instance \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저[$:np]는[$:p] 스믈아홉[$:nr] 살[$:nnb]이에요[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \": \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I am 28 years old.\"\n }), \" It is also possible say your age in Sino-Korean numbers using the counter \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"세[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"살[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This method is slightly more formal sounding, but is common for higher ages in particular.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할아버지[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">92세[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>예요[이다:v::$:]. (구십[$:nr]이[$:nr])\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Grandfather is 92 years old.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl77-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"환자[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">78세[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>였어요[이다:v::$:]. (칠십팔)\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The patient was 78 years old.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl77-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another way to tell someone how old you are is to tell them what year you were born. The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"년생[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to your birth year (or the last two numbers of your birth year) to say you are a person born in that year.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"나[$:np]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">2001년생[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이야[이다:v::$:]. (이천[$:nr]일[$:nr])\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I am a person born in 2001.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl77-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저희[$:np] 아버지[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">60년생[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이에요[이다:v::$:]. (육십)\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My dad is a person born in '60.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl77-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To refer to a year in any context you can just say the number of the year followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"년[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means year. There are no abbreviations like in English where we say 1984 as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"nineteen eighty four.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">2007년[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 인도네시아[$:nnp]에[$:p] 갔어요[가다:v::$:]. (이천칠)\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went to Indonesia in 2007.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl77-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"코로나[$:nnp]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">2020년[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 유행했어요[유행하다:v::$:]. (이천[$:nr]이십[$:nr])\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Corona virus broke out in 2020.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl77-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"cultural information\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Age is not just a number in Korea. Asking someone's age is not an impolite question, but rather a vital part of establishing heirarchy, politeness levels, and titles. Even being able to call someone \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"친구[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" depends on them being born in the same year as you, fundamentally different from the word \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"friend.\"\n }), \" (Though in modern times people are a bit more relaxed about who can be called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"친구[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \").\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"According to the traditional system of calculating age (which is still very much in use despite the government recently changing to the international standard for official documents) you are 1 as soon as you are born, and you add a year every January 1st. Every Korean gets a year older at the same time! A baby born at the end of December is 2 years old before they have even lived a month.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"hot tip\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"If you don't want to have to keep changing the number you say each time you get a year older, or wonder whether you should say your Korean age or your international age, just memorize how to say your birth year and use 년생 and you are good forever! Plus, Koreans find it pretty easy to conceptualize age that way too.\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[6990,7233,6956,7026],{"id":7292,"title":7313,"mod":7314,"grammarPoint":7315,"grammarPointTitle":7313,"grammarPointDescription":7316,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7317,"similarGrammarPoints":7318,"tags":7319,"content":7320,"dependentGrammarPoints":7321,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7322,"prereqPoints":7323},"Months",1756153557457,"months","Korean uses numbers to say what month it is rather than words like January. ",[6946,7021],[7244],[6037,6948],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Months\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The names of the months in Korean are very easy to learn. Unlike in English where every month has a unique name, Korean months are made from a Sino-Korean number followed by the counter \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"월[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"(月), which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"moon\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"month.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are two exceptions. For 6\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(유[$:mm])월[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and 10\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(시[$:mm])월[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the batchim is dropped for easier pronunciation.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Korean Month\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"1\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"월[$:nnb] (일월[$:nng])\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"January\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"2\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"월[$:nnb] (이월[$:nng])\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"February\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"3\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"월[$:nnb] (삼월[$:nng])\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"March\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"4\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"월[$:nnb] (사월[$:nng])\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"April\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"5\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"월[$:nnb] (오월[$:nng])\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"May\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"6\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"월[$:nnb] (유월[$:nng])\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"June\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"7\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"월[$:nnb] (칠월[$:nng])\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n 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children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"10\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"월[$:nnb] (시월[$:nng])\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"October\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"11\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"월[$:nnb] (십일월[$:nng])\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"November\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"12\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"월[$:nnb] (십이월[$:nng])\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"December\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"언니[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">9월[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 유학[$:nng]갈[가다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Unni will go study abroad in September.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl78-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"우리[$:np] 학교[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">3월[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 개학해요[개학하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Our school (year) starts in March.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl78-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 게임[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">11월[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 나와[나오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That game is coming out in November.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl78-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7249],[6956,7026],{"id":7325,"title":7326,"mod":7327,"grammarPoint":7328,"grammarPointTitle":7326,"grammarPointDescription":7329,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7330,"similarGrammarPoints":7331,"tags":7332,"content":7333,"dependentGrammarPoints":7334,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7335,"prereqPoints":7336},20539740084612,"Sino-Korean numbers up to 999,999,999,999",1756153660635,"sino-korean-numbers-3","Learn how to say really really big numbers! (PS, it is easier than you think!)",[6946,7021],[6946,7021],[6037,6948],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const _components = {\n br: \"br\",\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n }, {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiImage, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup} = _components;\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiImage) _missingMdxReference(\"UiImage\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Sino-Korean numbers up to 999,999,999,999\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Don't faint, this lesson isn't as hard as it sounds, though it may be more difficult conceptually than previous number lessons.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Unlike in the English counting system where numbers are grouped by hundreds, then thousands, and later millions and billions, in Korean, numbers are grouped by hundreds, thousands, ten thousands, one hundred millions, then trillions. This means Koreans conceptualize numbers by groups of four numbers like this: 1000,0000,0000. However, they still write commas according to international standards (even Koreans find it confusing).\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The progression in Korean works like this:\", _jsx(_components.br, {}), \"\\n\", \"10 = \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"십[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), \"\\n\", \"100 = \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"백[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), \"\\n\", \"1000 = \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"천[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), \"\\n\", \"10,000 = \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"만[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), \"\\n\", \"100,000,000 = \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"억[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), \"\\n\", \"1,000,000,000 = \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"조[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It can be very difficult to figure out how to say a large number in Korean unless you have a good head for numbers. For instance, 1,000,000 (one million) in Korean is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"백만[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (one hundred ten thousands, or 100 x 10,000).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The fortunate(?) part is that you will get lots of practice using big numbers because one US dollar is worth approximately 1,400 won, so even low value items require the use of the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"만[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (10,000). Talking about property prices can take you into numbers not seen in English outside astronomy or the national debt.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Number\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Korean\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"10,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"만[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"25,150\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:nr]만[$:nr] 오천[$:nr]백오십[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"300,300\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"삼십만[$:nr] 삼백[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"444,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사십[$:nr]사만[$:nr] 사천[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"5,000,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오백만[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"68,000,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"육천[$:nr]팔[$:nr]백만[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"100,000,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:nr]억[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"710,000,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"칠[$:nr]억[$:nr] 천만[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"8,000,000,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"팔십[$:nr]억[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"99,000,000,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"구백[$:nr]구십[$:nr]억[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"100,000,000,000\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"천억[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"While you just say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"백[$:nr], 천[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"만[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for numbers starting with 1 (not 일백, 일천, or 일만), you do say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일억[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일조[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Words are given spaces between every four digits (though you will almost never see these numbers written out like this).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"모자[$:nng]가[$:p] 10,000원[$:nnb]이에요[이다:v::$:]. (만[$:nr])\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The hat is 10,000 won.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl79-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"한국[$:nnp]에[$:p] 치킨[$:nng] 가게[$:nng]가[$:p] 87,000개[$:nnb] 있어요[있다:v::$:]. (팔만[$:nr]칠천[$:nr])\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are 87,000 fried chicken restaurants in Korea.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl79-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"코로나[$:nnp] 환자[$:nng]가[$:p] 22만[$:nr]명[$:nnb]을[$:p] 넘었어요[넘다:v::$:]. (이십 이)\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There were over 220,000 COVID-19 patients.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl79-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 아파트[$:nng]는[$:p] 9억[$:nr]원[$:nnb]이에요[이다:v::$:]. (구[$:nr])\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This apartment is 900,000,000 won. (≈$630,000)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl79-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"한국[$:nnp]의[$:p] 인구[$:nng]는[$:p] 5천만[$:nr]명[$:nnb]이에요[이다:v::$:]. (오[$:nr])\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The population of Korea is 50,000,000.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl79-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The currency of South Korea is called the won (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"원[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") and the symbol for it is ₩.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fmoney.webp\",\n alt: \"money\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6956,7026],[6956,7026],{"id":7244,"title":7250,"mod":7251,"grammarPoint":7252,"grammarPointTitle":7250,"grammarPointDescription":7253,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7254,"similarGrammarPoints":7255,"tags":7338,"content":7257,"dependentGrammarPoints":7258,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7339,"prereqPoints":7340},[6037,6330,6948],[7297],[6967,6956,7026],{"id":7280,"title":7342,"mod":7343,"grammarPoint":7344,"grammarPointTitle":7342,"grammarPointDescription":7345,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7346,"similarGrammarPoints":7347,"tags":7348,"content":7349,"dependentGrammarPoints":7350,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7351,"prereqPoints":7352},"번, 번째 - Times, Nth",1755611223986,"bun-bunjje-times","This lesson covers how to say how many times you do something, and also how to express ordinal numbers.",[6978,6944],[7268],[6037,6948],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"번, 번째 - Times, Nth\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"번[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a counter meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"times\"\n }), \" as in \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I went three times.\"\n }), \" It is used with \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"native Korean numbers\"\n }), \" unless the number is awkwardly high.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 게임[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">두[$:mm] 번[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 해봤어요[해보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I've tried this game two times.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl81-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"일주일[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">세[$:mm] 번[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 운동해요[운동하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I exercise three times a week.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl81-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"여러[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a word meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"several\"\n }), \", and it must come before a noun. One of the most common combinations is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"여러[$:mm] 번[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" - several times.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"헬스장[$:nng]에서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">여러[$:mm] 번[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 다쳤어요[다치다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I've hurt myself at the gym several times.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl81-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"번째[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a word that when combined with a native Korean number equates to first, second, third, etc.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이번[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">다섯[$:nr] 번째[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 여행[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This time is my fifth time traveling.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl81-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There is one exception - instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하나[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for one, the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"첫[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used for first (we don't say \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"oneth\"\n }), \" either). \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"첫[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used with or without \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"번째[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이건[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">첫[$:mm] 번째[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 레슨[$:nng]이야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This is the first lesson.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl81-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"12월[$:nnb] 1일[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">첫[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 눈[$:nng]이[$:p] 왔어요[오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The first snow came on December 1st.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl81-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Finally, first, second, and so on can also be expressed as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"첫째[$:nr], 둘째[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", etc. Instead of being used to refer to order \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"in time\"\n }), \", they are used to rank things in order of \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"importance\"\n }), \". One place where they are preferred is when speaking about your children. Your eldest can be referred to as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"첫째[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and so on. Another place they might be used is when listing rules or guidelines in order of importance.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">첫째[$:nr]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 형[$:nng]은[$:p] 병원[$:nng]에[$:p] 갔어요[가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My oldest brother went to the hospital.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl81-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">셋째[$:nr]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 누나[$:nng]는[$:p] 지금[$:maj] 집[$:nng]에[$:p] 없어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My third oldest sister isn't at home now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl81-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7274],[7037,6967],{"id":7268,"title":7275,"mod":7276,"grammarPoint":7277,"grammarPointTitle":7275,"grammarPointDescription":7278,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7279,"similarGrammarPoints":7281,"tags":7354,"content":7283,"dependentGrammarPoints":7284,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7355,"prereqPoints":7358},[6037,6031],[7356],{"id":7280,"title":7342,"mod":7343,"grammarPoint":7344,"grammarPointTitle":7342,"grammarPointDescription":7345,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7346,"similarGrammarPoints":7347,"tags":7357,"content":7349,"dependentGrammarPoints":7350,"language":6036},[6041,6952],[7356],{"id":7360,"title":7361,"mod":7362,"grammarPoint":7363,"grammarPointTitle":7361,"grammarPointDescription":7364,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7365,"similarGrammarPoints":7366,"tags":7367,"content":7368,"dependentGrammarPoints":7369,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7370,"prereqPoints":7371},20540584086732,"ㄷ Irregular",1755611543345,"d-irregular","Some verb stems ending in ㄷ conjugate using the ㄷ irregular rule where ㄷ becomes ㄹ.",[],[],[6037,6060,6458],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"ㄷ Irregular\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's learn another irregular conjugation pattern. When conjugating some verbs with a stem ending in ㄷ, ㄷ is changed to ㄹ.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"듣다[듣다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to listen\u002Fhear\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"듣다 → 들어\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"집[$:nng]에서[$:p] 음악[$:nng]을[$:p] 안[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">들어요[들다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't listen to music at home.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl83-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"걷다[걷다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to walk\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"걷다 → 걸어\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"유럽[$:nnp]에서[$:p] 많이[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">걸었어요[걷다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I walked a lot in Europe.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl83-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"깨닫다[깨닫다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"to realize\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"깨닫다 → 깨달아\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지금[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">깨달았어요[깨닫다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I realized it now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl83-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This rule only applies to \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"some\"\n }), \" verbs with a stem ending in ㄷ. There are exceptions to this irregular rule that follow regular conjugation rules, such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"닫다[닫다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to close), \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"받다[받다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to receive), and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"묻다[묻다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to bury).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"받다 → 받아\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아침[$:nng]에[$:p] 연락[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">받았어요[받다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I received a call in the morning.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl83-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This rule does not apply to any adjectives.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"듣다 → 들어\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"들어[들다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":7081,"title":7373,"mod":7374,"grammarPoint":7375,"grammarPointTitle":7376,"grammarPointDescription":7377,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7378,"similarGrammarPoints":7379,"tags":7382,"content":7383,"dependentGrammarPoints":7384,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7385,"prereqPoints":7408}," 못 - Cannot",1755611831184,"mot-cannot","못 - Cannot","못 is an adverb used to negate verbs. It is similar to \"can't.\" This lesson also compares 못 and 안.",[7040],[7049,7380,7381],20784327861876,20559516125520,[6037,6475],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \" 못 - Cannot\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"안[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to say you \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"don't\"\n }), \" do something. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"못[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" works in a similar way, but is used when you \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"can't\"\n }), \" do something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's compare the meanings of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"못[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"안[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"술[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">안[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 마셔요[마시다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't drink alcohol (I choose not to drink alcohol).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl84-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"술[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">못[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 마셔요[마시다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can't drink alcohol (I have a medical condition or I'm on medication that means I can't drink alcohol).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl84-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As you can see, 못 is not about choice. We will be looking closer at the differences in another lesson.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">못[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이겼어요[이기다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We couldn't win today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl84-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내일[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">못[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 만나요[만나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can't meet tomorrow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl84-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"못[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can only be used with verbs, and any \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" verb that can be split into \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"noun\"\n }), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"를[$:p] 하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" must be split and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"못[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" put directly before \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] 준비[$:nng]를[$:p] 못[$:maj] 해요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can't prepare today.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] 못[$:maj] 준비해요[준비하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can't prepare today.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"못 + verb\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"못[$:maj] 가[가다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"못 + 하다 verb\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"공부[$:nng]를[$:p] 못[$:maj] 해요[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7075,7386,7397],{"id":7380,"title":7387,"mod":7388,"grammarPoint":7389,"grammarPointTitle":7390,"grammarPointDescription":7391,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7392,"similarGrammarPoints":7393,"tags":7394,"content":7395,"dependentGrammarPoints":7396,"language":6036},"안 vs 못",1756215665676,"an-vs-mot","안 VS 못","Korean uses 못 (cannot) in certain cases where English prefers \"not.\"",[7040,7081,7048,7049],[],[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"안 vs 못\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"안[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"지 않다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are equivalent to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"does not\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"못[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-지[$:nnb] 못하다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are equivalent to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"cannot\"\n }), \" in English. Unfortunately, it's not quite that simple. Korean uses \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"못[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"cannot\"\n }), \" in certain cases where English prefers \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"not.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"English \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"doesn't\"\n }), \" use \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"cannot\"\n }), \" when an action happens unintentionally or without conscious effort. Instead, we use \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not\"\n }), \":\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"I didn't think of that.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"I didn't see it.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"I didn't enjoy it.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"I don't believe you.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"I'm not sleeping well.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This is \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"not\"\n }), \" the distinction between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"안[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"못[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in Korean. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"못[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used when an \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"insufficiency\"\n }), \" of\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"ability\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"knowledge\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"opportunity\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"quality\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"leads to something not happening. Intentionality and conscious effort do not matter.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：내일[$:nng] 날씨[$:nng] 뉴스[$:nng] 봤어[보다:v::$:]?\u003Cbr>\\nB：못[$:maj] 봤어요[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Did you see the news about the weather tomorrow? \u003Cbr> B: I didn't see it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl120-1b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 나라[$:nng] 문화[$:nng]를[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 알지[알다:v::$:] 못해요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't know that country's culture well.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl120-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"요즘[$:nng] 잠[$:nng]을[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 못[$:maj] 자요[자다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm not sleeping well these days.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl120-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 부분[$:nng]은[$:p] 생각[$:nng] 못[$:maj] 했어요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I didn't think of that part.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl120-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"나[$:np]는[$:p] 너[$:np]를[$:p] 못[$:maj] 믿어[믿다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't believe you.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl120-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":7381,"title":7398,"mod":7399,"grammarPoint":7400,"grammarPointTitle":7398,"grammarPointDescription":7401,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7402,"similarGrammarPoints":7404,"tags":7405,"content":7406,"dependentGrammarPoints":7407,"language":6036},"-(으)ㄹ 수 없다 - Can't",1756999669536,"r-su-ubda-cannot","-ㄹ 수 없다 is the opposite of -ㄹ 수 있다, and means \"there is no way\" or \"can't.\"",[7403],20559515987220,[7081,7049],[6041,7143],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)ㄹ 수 없다 - Can't\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Just as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"없다[없다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the opposite of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", -(으)ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"수 없다[없다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the opposite of -(으)ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"수 있다[있다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"can't.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"거미[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">죽일[죽이다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 없어[없다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can't kill spiders.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl149-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"잠[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">잘[$:maj] 수[$:nnb] 없었어요[없다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I couldn't sleep.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl149-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:mm] 팀[$:nng]은[$:p] 우리[$:np]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이[이기다:v::$:]길[이기다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 없을[없다:a::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That team won't be able to defeat us.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl149-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ㄹ 수 있다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할[하다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 없어요[없다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n할[하다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 없었어요[없다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n할[하다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 없을[없다:a::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiMigachuToggle, {\n text: \"Advanced Content\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsxs(UiCardItem, {\n children: [_jsx(UiSvg, {\n raw: \"\u003Csvg 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fill=\\\"url(#Diamond_svg__f)\\\" d=\\\"m42.862 19.513 9.407 26.922 9.407-26.922z\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cpath fill=\\\"#fff\\\" d=\\\"m52.091 3.47-9.23 16.045 9.318 26.416L46.6 19.393z\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cpath fill=\\\"url(#Diamond_svg__g)\\\" d=\\\"M61.677 19.513 52.27 46.435l28.22-26.922z\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cpath fill=\\\"#fff\\\" d=\\\"m70.916 3.734-8.977 15.657-8.628 25.565L71.526 4.354z\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cpath stroke=\\\"#00005A\\\" stroke-linecap=\\\"round\\\" stroke-linejoin=\\\"round\\\" stroke-miterlimit=\\\"10\\\" stroke-width=\\\"1.5\\\" d=\\\"m81.107 50.224 14.644-6.106M69.792 46.436l32.511-20.416M86.323 9.708l10.46-8.51M22.577 50.224 7.933 44.118M33.893 46.436 1.382 26.02M17.363 9.71 6.903 1.2\\\" class=\\\"diamond-sparkle\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cpath stroke=\\\"#00005A\\\" stroke-linecap=\\\"round\\\" stroke-linejoin=\\\"round\\\" stroke-miterlimit=\\\"10\\\" stroke-width=\\\"1.5\\\" d=\\\"m33.455 2.976-9.407 16.538h18.815z\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cpath stroke=\\\"#00005A\\\" stroke-linecap=\\\"round\\\" stroke-linejoin=\\\"round\\\" stroke-miterlimit=\\\"10\\\" stroke-width=\\\"1.5\\\" d=\\\"m52.27 2.976-9.408 16.538h18.815zM71.085 2.976l-9.407 16.538h18.814zM52.27 46.436 24.048 19.515h18.815z\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cpath stroke=\\\"#00005A\\\" stroke-linecap=\\\"round\\\" stroke-linejoin=\\\"round\\\" stroke-miterlimit=\\\"10\\\" stroke-width=\\\"1.5\\\" d=\\\"m52.27 46.436-9.408-26.921h18.815z\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cpath stroke=\\\"#00005A\\\" stroke-linecap=\\\"round\\\" stroke-linejoin=\\\"round\\\" stroke-miterlimit=\\\"10\\\" stroke-width=\\\"1.5\\\" d=\\\"m52.27 46.436 9.407-26.921h18.815zM71.084 2.977h-37.63\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cpath fill=\\\"#fff\\\" d=\\\"M42.741 18.798 34.116 3.43z\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cdefs>\\n\u003ClinearGradient id=\\\"Diamond_svg__a\\\" x1=\\\"33.812\\\" x2=\\\"70.986\\\" y1=\\\"10.954\\\" y2=\\\"10.954\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".008\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".396\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE700\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003ClinearGradient id=\\\"Diamond_svg__b\\\" x1=\\\"24.048\\\" x2=\\\"42.863\\\" y1=\\\"11.245\\\" y2=\\\"11.245\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".008\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".585\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003ClinearGradient id=\\\"Diamond_svg__c\\\" x1=\\\"42.861\\\" x2=\\\"61.676\\\" y1=\\\"11.245\\\" y2=\\\"11.245\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF0\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".583\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003ClinearGradient id=\\\"Diamond_svg__d\\\" x1=\\\"61.678\\\" x2=\\\"80.493\\\" y1=\\\"11.245\\\" y2=\\\"11.245\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".008\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".585\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003ClinearGradient id=\\\"Diamond_svg__e\\\" x1=\\\"24.048\\\" x2=\\\"52.27\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".008\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".396\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE700\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003ClinearGradient id=\\\"Diamond_svg__f\\\" x1=\\\"42.861\\\" x2=\\\"61.676\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".008\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".585\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003ClinearGradient id=\\\"Diamond_svg__g\\\" x1=\\\"52.269\\\" x2=\\\"80.492\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF0\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".583\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is possible to add the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-가\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"수\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", creating the phrase -ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"수가 있다\u002F없다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". There is no difference in meaning, it just makes the expression stronger, like saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"definitely\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"no way\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7090],{"id":7410,"title":7411,"mod":7412,"grammarPoint":7413,"grammarPointTitle":7411,"grammarPointDescription":7414,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7415,"similarGrammarPoints":7416,"tags":7417,"content":7418,"dependentGrammarPoints":7419,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7420,"prereqPoints":7421},20540584612044,"왜 - Why",1755612589094,"why","왜 means \"why\" in English.",[],[],[6037,6615,6330],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"왜 - Why\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The adverb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"왜[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"why\"\n }), \" in English. It is used to ask questions like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Why are you crying?\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Why are you here?\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이거[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">왜[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 샀어요[사다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why did you buy this?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl85-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">왜[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 시간[$:nng]이[$:p] 없어[없다:a::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why don't you have time?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl85-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">왜[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 그[$:mm] 팀[$:nng]을[$:p] 응원해요[응원하다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why are you rooting for that team?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl85-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When English speakers observe that the person they are with is looking like something is wrong or like they have something to say, they say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"What?\"\n }), \" meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what is it?\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what is wrong?\"\n }), \" In this situation, Koreans use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"'왜[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"?' with the meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"why are you looking like that?\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"why are you acting like that?\"\n }), \" To say this politely you can just say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"왜[$:maj]요[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"?\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":7423,"title":7424,"mod":7425,"grammarPoint":7426,"grammarPointTitle":7424,"grammarPointDescription":7427,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7428,"similarGrammarPoints":7429,"tags":7431,"content":7432,"dependentGrammarPoints":7433,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7434,"prereqPoints":7446},20540584746084,"에서 - From",1755612848603,"ehsuh-from","The particle 에서 has more than one usage. This lesson covers the usage meaning \"from.\"",[],[6773,7430],20540584902732,[6037,6079],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"에서 - From\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can indicate the location of an action, but it also has another, totally different usage: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"from.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] 호주[$:nnp]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에서[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 왔어요[오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I came from Australia.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl86-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저희[$:np] 회사[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에서[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 연락[$:nng]이[$:p] 갈[가다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Our company will contact you.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl86-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"우체국[$:nng]은[$:p] 우리[$:np] 집[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에서[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 가까워요[가깝다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The post office is close to our house.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl86-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is only used to say someone or something came from a location (I came from Australia), or you received something from a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"non-living entity\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"plant\"\n }), \" (a letter came from the government).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can't use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to say you received a present from a friend, unless your friend is a tree.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"location or non-living thing + 에서\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"학교[$:nng]에서[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6789,7435],{"id":7430,"title":7436,"mod":7437,"grammarPoint":7438,"grammarPointTitle":7436,"grammarPointDescription":7439,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7440,"similarGrammarPoints":7441,"tags":7443,"content":7444,"dependentGrammarPoints":7445,"language":6036},"부터 → 까지 - From → to",1755613671453,"puto-kkaji-from-to","The particles 부터 and 까지 mean \"from\" and \"to\" to express a range of time or distance.",[7423],[7423,7442],21033148614576,[6041,6082],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"부터 → 까지 - From → to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another particle that translates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"from\"\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"부터[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It is often paired with the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"까지[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"until.\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"부터[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"까지[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are added to nouns to express a range of \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"time\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"distance\"\n }), \". We usually use these words in the format \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"부터[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"까지[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which corresponds to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"from \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong> to \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"작년[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">부터[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 한국어[$:nnp] 공부[$:nng]를[$:p] 시작했어요[시작하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I started studying Korean from last year.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl87-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"다음주[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">까지[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이메일[$:nng] 보내줄[보내주다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 있어요[있다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Can you send an email by next week?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl87-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지하철역[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">부터[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 집[$:nng]까지[$:p] 걸어왔어요[걸어오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I walked from the subway station to home.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl87-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle you learned in the last lesson, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", can also be used in partnership with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"까지[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but it is not used for time expressions.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"매일[$:maj] 집[$:nng]에서[$:p] 회사[$:nng]까지[$:p] 지하철[$:nng]을[$:p] 타요[타다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I take the subway from home to the office every day.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"12시[$:nnb]에서[$:p] 1시[$:nnb]까지[$:p] 예약[$:nng]이[$:p] 다[$:maj] 찼어요[차다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's fully booked from 12 o'clock to 1 o'clock.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"time or location + 부터\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"2시[$:nnb]부터[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"time or location + 까지\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"서울[$:nnp]까지[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":7430,"title":7436,"mod":7437,"grammarPoint":7438,"grammarPointTitle":7436,"grammarPointDescription":7439,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7440,"similarGrammarPoints":7441,"tags":7448,"content":7444,"dependentGrammarPoints":7445,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7449,"prereqPoints":7462},[6037,6079],[7450,7452],{"id":7423,"title":7424,"mod":7425,"grammarPoint":7426,"grammarPointTitle":7424,"grammarPointDescription":7427,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7428,"similarGrammarPoints":7429,"tags":7451,"content":7432,"dependentGrammarPoints":7433,"language":6036},[6041,6082],{"id":7442,"title":7453,"mod":7454,"grammarPoint":7455,"grammarPointTitle":7453,"grammarPointDescription":7456,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7457,"similarGrammarPoints":7458,"tags":7459,"content":7460,"dependentGrammarPoints":7461,"language":6036},"부터 - Doing something first",1755614057608,"puto-first","부터 can be used to label the thing you start with, ike saying \"first do X.\"",[7430],[7430],[6041,6082],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"부터 - Doing something first\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle 부터 is also used to label a thing you start with, like saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"first do \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">X\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"주문[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">부터[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 하자[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's order first.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl88-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"속옷[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">부터[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 빨아[빨다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Put your toothbrush in your bag first.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl88-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"왜 사탕\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">부터\u003C\u002Fstrong> 먹어?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why are you eating candy first?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl88-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"일단[$:maj] 샤워[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">부터[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 해요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"First of all, start by taking a shower.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl88-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 부터\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"책부터\u003Cbr>\\n모자부터\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7450],{"id":7442,"title":7453,"mod":7454,"grammarPoint":7455,"grammarPointTitle":7453,"grammarPointDescription":7456,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7457,"similarGrammarPoints":7458,"tags":7464,"content":7460,"dependentGrammarPoints":7461,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7465,"prereqPoints":7466},[6037,6079],[7435],[7435],{"id":7468,"title":7469,"mod":7470,"grammarPoint":7471,"grammarPointTitle":7469,"grammarPointDescription":7472,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7473,"similarGrammarPoints":7474,"tags":7475,"content":7476,"dependentGrammarPoints":7477,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7478,"prereqPoints":7479},20540585190792,"되다 - To become",1755615936563,"dweda-to-become","The verb 되다 means \"to become.\" It can also mean \"to work\" or \"to go well.\"",[],[],[6037,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"되다 - To become\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"되다[되다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to become.\"\n }), \" Conjugated to the present tense, it becomes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"되어[되다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but it is almost always contracted to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"돼[되다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:mm] 친구[$:nng]는[$:p] 경찰[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">됐어요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My friend became a police officer.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl89-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 공연[$:nng]을[$:p] 보고[보다:v::$:] 팬[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">됐어요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I became a fan after seeing that performance.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl89-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"되다[되다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a very versatile verb with many usages in the dictionary, too many to teach right now. But one other meaning that is very important to know is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to work, to go well\"\n }), \" as in \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the computer works now\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it went well.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"영어[$:nnp] 말[$:nng]하기[$:sv]가[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 안[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">돼요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't speak English well.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl89-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"두부[$:nng]는[$:p] 소화[$:nng]가[$:p] 잘[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">돼[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't digest tofu well.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl89-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You can see this usage in the common phrase:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"잘[$:maj] 됐어요[되다:v::$:]!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Well done!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl89-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"되다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"돼[되다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n됐어[되다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":7481,"title":7482,"mod":7483,"grammarPoint":7484,"grammarPointTitle":7482,"grammarPointDescription":7485,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7486,"similarGrammarPoints":7487,"tags":7488,"content":7489,"dependentGrammarPoints":7490,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7491,"prereqPoints":7492},20620395108132,"지금, 이제, 요즘 - Now",1755616145561,"chigeum-now","This lesson teaches the difference between various ways to say \"now\" in Korean.",[],[],[6037,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"지금, 이제, 요즘 - Now\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are a few ways to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"now\"\n }), \" in Korean. You probably already know the most basic word, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"지금[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It just refers to the present moment.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"고양이[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">지금[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 자고[자다:v::$:] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The cat is sleeping now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl90-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another word for \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"now\"\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이제[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which has the additional nuance that you are contrasting \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"now\"\n }), \" with other times. It is used to emphasize that something is happening now but didn't before.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이제[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 안[$:maj] 아파요[아프다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It doesn't hurt now (it did before.)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl90-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이제[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 열심히[$:maj] 공부할[공부하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm going to study hard now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl90-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"요즘[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a word that means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"these days.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그 노래가 \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">요즘\u003C\u002Fstrong> 유행이에요.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That song is all the rage these days.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl90-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Finally, the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"당장[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"right now,\"\n }), \" and can be used by itself or to add emphasis to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"지금[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">당장\u003C\u002Fstrong> 집으로 들어와!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Come home right now!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl90-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":7494,"title":7495,"mod":7496,"grammarPoint":7497,"grammarPointTitle":7495,"grammarPointDescription":7498,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7499,"similarGrammarPoints":7500,"tags":7502,"content":7503,"dependentGrammarPoints":7504,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7505,"prereqPoints":7516},20542937698680,"얼마 - How much",1756212903358,"ulma-how-much","얼마 is used to ask \"what amount\" or \"what price.\" ",[7468],[7501],20543699738316,[6037,6615],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"얼마 - How much\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"얼마[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a noun which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what amount\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what price,\"\n }), \" and unlike \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"몇[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which you've already learned, is not used with a counting word. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"얼마[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has two main usages. The first is to ask how much something costs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이거[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">얼마[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>예요[이다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How much is this? (How much does it cost?)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl91-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 신발[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">얼마[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 줬어[$:b]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How much did you pay for these shoes?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl91-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You can also use it to mean a relatively small amount, number, or price that doesn't need to be specified. In this usage it is always used with a negative verb.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">얼마[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 안[$:maj] 됐어요[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It hasn't been long.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl91-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"시간[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">얼마[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 안[$:maj] 남았어[남다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There's not much time left.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl91-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"얼마 + 이다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"얼마[$:nng]예요[이다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7506],{"id":7501,"title":7507,"mod":7508,"grammarPoint":7509,"grammarPointTitle":7507,"grammarPointDescription":7510,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7511,"similarGrammarPoints":7512,"tags":7513,"content":7514,"dependentGrammarPoints":7515,"language":6036},"얼마나 - How",1755616990137,"ulmana-how","얼마나 나 is the adverb form of 어마, and can be used to ask \"how\" questions.",[7494],[7494],[6041,6619],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"얼마나 - How\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"얼마나[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the adverb form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"얼마[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and it can be used\\nbefore an adjective to ask about the extent of something,\\nlike \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"how\"\n }), \" in questions like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"how fast?\"\n }), \" or before a verb\\nin questions like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"how much did you read?\"\n }), \"\\nit carries the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"how much\"\n }), \" in just one word\\n(a separate word for \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"much\"\n }), \" is not needed).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">얼마나[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 비싸요[비싸다:a::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How expensive is it?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl92-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"키가 \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">얼마나\u003C\u002Fstrong> 커요?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How tall is she?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl92-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"한국어[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">얼마나[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 배웠어요[배우다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How much Korean have you learned?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl92-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">얼마나[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 매워요[맵다:a::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How tall is she?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl92-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">얼마나[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 걸었어요[걷다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How much did you walk?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl92-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"얼마나 + verb\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"얼마나[$:maj] 하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"얼마나 + adjective\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"얼마나[$:maj] 빠르다[빠르다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7517],{"id":7468,"title":7469,"mod":7470,"grammarPoint":7471,"grammarPointTitle":7469,"grammarPointDescription":7472,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7473,"similarGrammarPoints":7474,"tags":7518,"content":7476,"dependentGrammarPoints":7477,"language":6036},[6041,6035],{"id":7501,"title":7507,"mod":7508,"grammarPoint":7509,"grammarPointTitle":7507,"grammarPointDescription":7510,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7511,"similarGrammarPoints":7512,"tags":7520,"content":7514,"dependentGrammarPoints":7515,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7521,"prereqPoints":7524},[6037,6615],[7522],{"id":7494,"title":7495,"mod":7496,"grammarPoint":7497,"grammarPointTitle":7495,"grammarPointDescription":7498,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7499,"similarGrammarPoints":7500,"tags":7523,"content":7503,"dependentGrammarPoints":7504,"language":6036},[6041,6619],[7522],{"id":7526,"title":7527,"mod":7528,"grammarPoint":7529,"grammarPointTitle":7527,"grammarPointDescription":7530,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7531,"similarGrammarPoints":7532,"tags":7533,"content":7534,"dependentGrammarPoints":7535,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7536,"prereqPoints":7537},20543699978652,"되다 as passive voice",1756212988484,"dweda-passive-voice","-되다 can be used to make -하다 verbs passive.",[6369],[6369,7468],[6037,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"되다 as passive voice\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Passive voice is a type of sentence where the focus is on the action being performed, or on the recipient of the action, rather than on the person doing it.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is easy to make \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" verbs passive in Korean. You simply replace \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-하다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-되다[되다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and the object of the sentence becomes the subject. So instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"민수[$:nnp]가[$:p] 파티[$:nng]를[$:p] 준비했어요[준비하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (Minsu prepared the party) you can say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"파티[$:nng]가[$:p] 준비[$:nng]됐어요[되다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (the party was prepared).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Active Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Passive Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"연결하다[연결하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to connect\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"연결[$:nng]되다[$:sv]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be connected\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"초대하다[초대하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to invite\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"초대[$:nng]되다[$:sv]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be invited\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"기대하다[기대하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to expect\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"기대[$:nng]되다[$:sv]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be expected\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"포함[$:nng]하다[$:sv]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to include\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"포함[$:nng]되다[$:sv]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be included\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"준비하다[준비하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to prepare\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"준비[$:nng]되다[$:sv]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be prepared\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저녁[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">준비[$:nng]됐어요[$:sv]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Dinner was prepared.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl93-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"음식[$:nng]이[$:p] 이미[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">배달[$:nng]됐어요[$:sv]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The food was already delivered.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl93-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Just like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" verbs can be split into \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"noun\"\n }), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"을\u002F를 하다, -되다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" verbs can be split into \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"noun\"\n }), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이\u002F가 되다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". In some cases this can mean there are two subject markers.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 쿠폰[$:nng]은[$:p] 이미[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">사용[$:nng]이[$:p] 됐어요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That coupon was already used.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl93-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 화석[$:nng]은[$:p] 50년[$:nnb] 전[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">발견[$:nng]이[$:p] 됐어요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That fossil was discovered 50 years ago.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl93-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Not all \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" verbs have passive forms. For instance \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일하다[일하다:v::$:], 식사하다[식사하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"공부하다[공부하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" cannot be turned into \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be worked,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be dined,\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be studied.\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are more ways of creating passive voice in Korean, so we will be talking more about it more thoroughly later in the course. Since these -\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"되다[되다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" verbs are very common, we wanted to give you a basic introduction to them now.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun + 되다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사용[$:nng]하다[$:sv] → 사용[$:nng]되다[$:sv]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun이\u002F가 + 되다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"준비[$:nng]를[$:p] 하다[$:sv] → 준비[$:nng]가[$:p] 되다[$:sv]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6898,7517],[6898],{"id":6774,"title":6800,"mod":6801,"grammarPoint":6802,"grammarPointTitle":6800,"grammarPointDescription":6803,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6804,"similarGrammarPoints":6805,"tags":7539,"content":6807,"dependentGrammarPoints":6808,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7540,"prereqPoints":7541},[6037,6079],[6834,6779],[6834,6779],{"id":7543,"title":7544,"mod":7545,"grammarPoint":7546,"grammarPointTitle":7544,"grammarPointDescription":7547,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7548,"similarGrammarPoints":7549,"tags":7550,"content":7551,"dependentGrammarPoints":7552,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7553,"prereqPoints":7554},20543700189960,"한테\u002F에게 - To",1756213337789,"hantae-to","In order to say \"to\" in sentences where the destination or recipient is a person or animal, instead of 에, you use the particle 한테\u002F에게.",[6765],[6765],[6037,6079],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"한테\u002F에게 - To\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In order to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to\"\n }), \" in sentences where the destination or recipient is a person or animal, instead of 에, you use the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한테[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It is used to mark the recipient of a thing, or even an action. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한테[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" also can translate to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"for\"\n }), \" in sentences like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"reading is important for children\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"exercise is good for people.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">한테[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 말씀하세요[말씀하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tell me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl95-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"엄마[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">한테[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 연락했어요[연락하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I contacted mom.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl95-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"삼촌[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">한테[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 비밀[$:nng]을[$:p] 말했어[말하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I told a secret to uncle.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl95-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에게[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the written language equivalent to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한테[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"직원[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에게[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 메시지[$:nng]를[$:p] 보냈어요[보내다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I sent a message to the employee.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl95-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에게[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 서류[$:nng]를[$:p] 주세요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Send me the documents.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl95-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한테[$:p]\u002F에게[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is only used when the recipient is a person or animal. We previously explained that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used when the recipient is a non-living entity or plant.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한테[$:p]\u002F에게[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used in place of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" even when saying you are going to another person. This shows that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한테[$:p]\u002F에게[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are really the same grammatically.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아빠[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">한테[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 가[가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Go to dad.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl95-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한테[$:p]\u002F에게[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are also used with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to say someone \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"has\"\n }), \" something. This construction is less common than using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\u002F는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" on the owner, and adds the nuance of emphasizing the relative relationship with a person (I have an \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"older brother\"\n }), \") or emphasizes the fact that you are the one that possesses something, like saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I have the keys\"\n }), \" instead of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I have keys.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">한테[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 누나[$:nng]가[$:p] 한[$:mm] 명[$:nnb] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I have one older sister.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl95-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"차[$:nnb] 키[$:nng]는[$:p] 나[$:np]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">한테[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 있어[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I have the car keys.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl95-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun + 한테\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng]한테[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun + 에게\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng]에게[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6834],[6834],{"id":7556,"title":7557,"mod":7558,"grammarPoint":7559,"grammarPointTitle":7557,"grammarPointDescription":7560,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7561,"similarGrammarPoints":7562,"tags":7563,"content":7564,"dependentGrammarPoints":7565,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7566,"prereqPoints":7569},20543700588264,"한테서\u002F에게서 - From",1756213374089,"hantaesuh-from","한테서\u002F에게서 is used to indicate the person from whom you receive something.",[],[7423,7543],[6037,6079],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"한테서\u002F에게서 - From\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한테서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to indicate the person from whom you receive something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"형[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">한테서[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 전화[$:nng]가[$:p] 왔어요[오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Hyung called.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl96-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"환자[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">한테서[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 들었어요[들다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I heard it from a patient.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl96-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에게서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the written language equivalent to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한테서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"검사[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에게서[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 서류[$:nng]를[$:p] 받았어요[받다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I received the documents from the prosecutor.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl96-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"팬[$:nng]들[$:sn]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">한테서[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 선물[$:nng]을[$:p] 받았어요[받다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I received presents from my fans.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl96-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한테서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에게서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be shortened to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한테[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에게[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Since those words also mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to,\"\n }), \" you need to rely on context to know which meaning is being used. For example:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"엄마[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">한테[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이메일[$:nng]을[$:p] 보냈어[보내다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I sent an email to mom.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl96-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"엄마[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">한테[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이메일[$:nng]을[$:p] 받았어[받다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I received an email from mom.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl96-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한테서[$:p]\u002F에게서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is only used when receiving something from a human or animal. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to say \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"from\"\n }), \" a non-living entity (for instance, a company or a country).\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun + 한테(서)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng]한테서[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun + 에게(서)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng]에게서[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7450,7567],{"id":7543,"title":7544,"mod":7545,"grammarPoint":7546,"grammarPointTitle":7544,"grammarPointDescription":7547,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7548,"similarGrammarPoints":7549,"tags":7568,"content":7551,"dependentGrammarPoints":7552,"language":6036},[6041,6082],[],{"id":7571,"title":7572,"mod":7573,"grammarPoint":7574,"grammarPointTitle":7572,"grammarPointDescription":7575,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7576,"similarGrammarPoints":7577,"tags":7578,"content":7579,"dependentGrammarPoints":7580,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7581,"prereqPoints":7582},20543839677384,"Yes and No",1756213521450,"yes-and-no","How to say \"yes\" and \"no\" in Korean in various speech levels.",[],[],[6037,6031,6330,6055,6493],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Yes and No\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"yes\"\n }), \" in answer to a question using jondaemal you say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"네[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"예[$:ic]. 예[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is more formal than \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"네[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but it is perfectly fine to say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"네[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in most situations.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">네[$:ic]\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 좋아요[좋다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yes, I like it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl97-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">예[$:ic]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl97-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In banmal it is more natural to say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"응[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"yes.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">응[$:ic]\u003C\u002Fstrong>. 네[$:mm] 말[$:nng]이[$:p] 맞아[맞다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yeah. You're right.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl97-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"People also say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"yes\"\n }), \" in banmal.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어[$:ic]\u003C\u002Fstrong>. 점심[$:nng] 먹었어[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yeah. I had lunch.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl97-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"no\"\n }), \" in jondaemal you say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니요[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Don't get this mixed up with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니에요[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is the conjugated form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니다[아니다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it isn't.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아니요[$:ic]\u003C\u002Fstrong>. 저[$:np]는[$:p] 안[$:maj] 들어갔어요[들어가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"No. I didn't go in.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl97-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"no\"\n }), \" in banmal you just say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아니[$:ic]\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 그건[$:np] 요리[$:nng] 가위[$:nng]가[$:p] 아니야[$:ic].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"No, those aren't cooking shears.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl97-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"yes meaning no\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The confusing thing about \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"yes\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"no\"\n }), \" in Korean is that it is used differently from English in some cases. In English, when someone asks a negative question like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"You didn't go?\"\n }), \" you can answer \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"no\"\n }), \" meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"no, I didn't go.\"\n }), \" In Korean, you would answer \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"네[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" here. The reason is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"네[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what you said is correct\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I agree with what you said,\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니요[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what you said is incorrect\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I disagree with what you said.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Don't worry if you find this confusing, Koreans also find it confusing to answer negative questions in English.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：안[$:maj] 갔어요[가다:v::$:]?\u003Cbr>\\nB：네[$:ic]. 안[$:maj] 갔어요[가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: You didn't go? \u003Cbr> B: No. I didn't go.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl97-7a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"네[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a very versatile word in Korean. It can mean yes, but it also can mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what did you say?\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I understand,\"\n }), \" and so much more. Intonation and context are everything - listen for it in your immersion and you will get a lot of bang for your buck out of knowing how to use this one little word. In fact, if you eavesdrop on a telephone conversation happening in Korean, you might hear a whole conversation of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"네[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"s like:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"네[$:ic]? 네[$:ic]?! 네[$:ic] 네[$:ic]...네[$:ic]...네[$:ic] 네[$:ic] 네[$:ic]. 네[$:ic]~!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Hello? Really? That's right. Yes. I see. Bye, talk to you later!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl97-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Unlike in English, where saying \\\"yes, yes\\\" can sound dismissive or rude, saying multiple \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"네[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"s in a row just sounds more emphatic and is perfectly polite.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":7584,"title":7585,"mod":7586,"grammarPoint":7587,"grammarPointTitle":7585,"grammarPointDescription":7588,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7589,"similarGrammarPoints":7590,"tags":7591,"content":7597,"dependentGrammarPoints":7598,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7599,"prereqPoints":7600},20543852720556,"-고 - And",1755881755299,"go-and","-고 is a connective ending meaning \"and.\"",[],[6625,6632,6633],[6037,7592],{"id":7593,"title":7594,"description":7595,"slug":7596,"language":6036},"1753893918079","Connective endings","grammar that connects clauses","korean-connective-endings","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-고 - And\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Connective endings allow you to have a sentence with more than one verb or adjective. This lesson will teach you how use the connective ending -고 in order to combine clauses using \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"and,\"\n }), \" enabling you to make longer sentences.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For example, we can have two sentences like:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"매일[$:maj] 한국어[$:nng]를[$:p] 공부해요[공부하다:v::$:]. 매일[$:maj] 운동해요[운동하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I study Korean every day. I exercise every day.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This is a very repetitive way to speak, and it sounds much better to say:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"매일[$:maj] 한국어[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">공부[$:nng]하[$:sn]고[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 운동해요[운동하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I study Korean and exercise every day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl98-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, we simply attach -고 to the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"unconjugated\"\n }), \" verb stem.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-고 also works to describe something using more than one adjective.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"우리[$:np] 고양이[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">작고[작다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 귀여워[귀엽다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Our cat is small and cute.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl98-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It's okay to have a different subject in each clause.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 나라[$:nng]는[$:p] 술[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">싸고[싸다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 물은[묻다:v::$:] 비싸요[비싸다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"In this country, alcohol is cheap and water is expensive.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl98-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"형[$:nng]은[$:p] 눈[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">크고[크다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 저[$:np]는[$:p] 눈[$:nng]이[$:p] 작아요[작다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Hyung has big eyes and I have small eyes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl98-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To say \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"noun\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"noun\"\n }), \" you would use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"와[$:p]\u002F과[$:p], 하고[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"랑[$:p]\u002F이랑[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". -고 is used for saying \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"verb\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"verb\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"adjective\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"adjective\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb or adjective + 고\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 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it.\");\n}\n",[],[6684,6640,6650],[],{"id":7602,"title":7603,"mod":7604,"grammarPoint":7605,"grammarPointTitle":7603,"grammarPointDescription":7606,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7607,"similarGrammarPoints":7608,"tags":7611,"content":7612,"dependentGrammarPoints":7613,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7614,"prereqPoints":7636},20543904130992,"-고 - And then",1755881836946,"go-and-then","-고 can also mean \"and then\" - that is, it can express that the second verb is done after the first.",[],[7609,7610],20543852873040,20568891897360,[6037,7592],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-고 - And then\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-고 can also mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"and then\"\n }), \" - that is, it can express that the second verb is done after the first.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"예고편[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보고[보다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 영화[$:nng]를[$:p] 봤어요[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I saw the trailer and watched the movie.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl99-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's look at a past tense example starting with two separate sentences.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"손[$:nng]을[$:p] 씻었어요[씻다:v::$:]. 밥[$:nng]을[$:p] 먹었어요[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I washed my hands. I ate.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In English, we combine these clauses using past tense for both verbs.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"I \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"washed\"\n }), \" my hands and then \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"ate\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In Korean, when expressing a time sequence, the tense is generally only expressed in the final verb.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"손[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">씻고[씻다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 밥[$:nng]을[$:p] 먹었어요[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I washed my hands and then ate.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl99-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is also possible to translate this sentence as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I ate after washing my hands.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This grammar is often used to express things that we would say in English as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"sleep here and go home tomorrow,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"eat before you come.\"\n }), \" Actually, in English we often don't explicitly say the come and go verbs and would just say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"stay overnight\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"eat first,\"\n }), \" but be aware that in Korean you do.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">자고[자다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 가[가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Leave in the morning. (sleep and then go)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl99-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"밥[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">먹고[먹다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 와[오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Eat before you come.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl99-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + 고\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"먹고[먹다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n운동하고[운동하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7615,7626],{"id":7609,"title":7616,"mod":7617,"grammarPoint":7618,"grammarPointTitle":7616,"grammarPointDescription":7619,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7620,"similarGrammarPoints":7621,"tags":7623,"content":7624,"dependentGrammarPoints":7625,"language":6036},"-고 나서 - And then",1755882230968,"go-nasuh-and-then","-고 나서 is a connective ending used to emphasize that one verb is done after the first is completed.",[7602],[7584,7610,7622],20816618625684,[6041,7596,7072],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-고 나서 - And then\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Since it can be a little unclear whether you are implying a time sequence or not using just -고, it is possible to make that absolutely clear by using -고 나서. It is equivalent to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"and then\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"한국어[$:nnp] 공부[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">시작하고[시작하다:v::$:] 나서[나서다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 한국[$:nnp] 드라마[$:nng]를[$:p] 많이[$:maj] 봐요[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I watched a lot of Korean dramas after I started learning Korean.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl100-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 화가[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">죽고[죽다:v::$:] 나서[나서다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 유명해졌어요[유명하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That painter became famous after he died.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl100-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이집트[$:nnp]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">여행하고[여행하다:v::$:] 나서[나서다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 유럽[$:nnp]으로[$:p] 떠났어요[떠나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I left for Europe after traveling in Egypt.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl100-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 책[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">읽고[읽다:v::$:] 나서[나서다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 영감[$:nng]을[$:p] 얻었어요[얻다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was inspired after reading that book.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl100-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + 고 나서\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"먹고[먹다:v::$:] 나서[나다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n운동하고[운동하다:v::$:] 나서[나다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":7610,"title":7627,"mod":7628,"grammarPoint":7629,"grammarPointTitle":7627,"grammarPointDescription":7630,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7631,"similarGrammarPoints":7632,"tags":7633,"content":7634,"dependentGrammarPoints":7635,"language":6036},"-아\u002F어서 - Temporal relationship",1758027281029,"eoseo-time-expressions","-아\u002F어서 is used to connect clauses to express a temporal relationship.",[],[7602],[6041,7596],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어서 - Temporal relationship\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You can use the clause connector -고 to say that one thing happened and then another thing happened. -아\u002F어서 is also used in this way, with the second clause happening after the first clause. The difference between them is that the events connected by -서 must be very closely related. The two clauses are part of a whole, like cooking and eating something, meeting with a friend to watch a movie, or buying and giving a present to someone. Oftentimes in English we only say one of the verbs (I bought my friend a gift) and the other one is only implied (gave it to them), but Korean tends to explicitly state both verbs.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"도서관[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가서[가다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 책[$:nng]을[$:p] 빌렸어요[빌리다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went to the library and borrowed a book.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl220-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"마트[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가서[가다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 장[$:nng]을[$:p] 봤어요[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went to the grocery store and bought groceries.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl220-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사진[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">찍어서[찍다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 부모[$:nng]님[$:sn]께[$:p] 보내[보내다:v::$:]드렸어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I took a picture and sent it to my parents.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl220-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"집[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가서[가다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 옷[$:nng]을[$:p] 갈아입었어요[갈아입다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went home and changed my clothes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl220-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"conjugated verb or adj. stem + 서\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"해서[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n가서[가다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n읽어서[읽다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":7609,"title":7616,"mod":7617,"grammarPoint":7618,"grammarPointTitle":7616,"grammarPointDescription":7619,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7620,"similarGrammarPoints":7621,"tags":7638,"content":7624,"dependentGrammarPoints":7625,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7639,"prereqPoints":7653},[6037,7592,7105],[7640,7626,7642],{"id":7584,"title":7585,"mod":7586,"grammarPoint":7587,"grammarPointTitle":7585,"grammarPointDescription":7588,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7589,"similarGrammarPoints":7590,"tags":7641,"content":7597,"dependentGrammarPoints":7598,"language":6036},[6041,7596],{"id":7622,"title":7643,"mod":7644,"grammarPoint":7645,"grammarPointTitle":7643,"grammarPointDescription":7646,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7647,"similarGrammarPoints":7649,"tags":7650,"content":7651,"dependentGrammarPoints":7652,"language":6036},"-았\u002F었다(가) - Do after",1759413109869,"eotdaga-do-after","-았\u002F었다가 is used when something unexpected or opposite happens after an action is completed.",[7648],20816618598204,[7602,7609,7648],[6041,7596],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-았\u002F었다(가) - Do after\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When -다가 is used in the past tense form of -았\u002F었다가, the meaning changes. It no longer indicates interruption, and does not mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"while.\"\n }), \" It indicates that action A was \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"completed\"\n }), \" and was then followed by action B.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Action A\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Cross a bridge\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Rest\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Open the window\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Action B\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"See a bear\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Go\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Close the window\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"다리[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">건넜다가[건너다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 곰[$:nng]을[$:p] 봤어요[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I saw a bear after crossing a bridge.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl325-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"See here how you are saying you saw the bear \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"after\"\n }), \" crossing the bridge, not \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"while\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The -았\u002F었 in this grammar does not actually refer to the past, it refers to \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"completion\"\n }), \". Therefore you can use it to talk about one action happening after another, even if neither has happened yet.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"중간[$:nng]에[$:p] 잠시[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쉬었다가[쉬다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 갈[가다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will go after taking a little break in the middle.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl325-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This form is used when an \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"unplanned or unexpected event\"\n }), \" happens in the second clause, like seeing a bear when you're out for a walk. It is also used when the two actions are \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"opposites\"\n }), \", like buying and returning, coming and going, opening and closing.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어젯밤[$:nng]에[$:p] 창문[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">열었다가[열다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 너무[$:maj] 추워서[춥다:a::$:] 바로[$:maj] 다시[$:maj] 닫았어요[닫다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Last night I opened the window but it was too cold so I shut it again straight away.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl325-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It would be unnatural to use this form if action \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" is not opposite, contradictory or unexpected. For instance, this sentence is awkward:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"요리했다가[요리하다:v::$:] 먹었어요[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I cooked and then ate.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Like -다가, the subjects of action A and B must be the same, and is also often shortened to -았\u002F었다, especially for frequently used pairs like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"왔다[오다:v::$:] 갔다[가다:v::$:]. 왔다[오다:v::$:] 갔다[가다:v::$:] 하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to go back and forth,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to pace.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"긴장해서[긴장하다:v::$:] 왔다[오다:v::$:] 갔다[가다:v::$:] 했어요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He was nervous so he was pacing back and forth.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl325-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + 았\u002F었다(가)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"했다가[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n건넜다[건너다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7654],{"id":7602,"title":7603,"mod":7604,"grammarPoint":7605,"grammarPointTitle":7603,"grammarPointDescription":7606,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7607,"similarGrammarPoints":7608,"tags":7655,"content":7612,"dependentGrammarPoints":7613,"language":6036},[6041,7596],{"id":7657,"title":7658,"mod":7659,"grammarPoint":7660,"grammarPointTitle":7658,"grammarPointDescription":7661,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7662,"similarGrammarPoints":7663,"tags":7665,"content":7666,"dependentGrammarPoints":7667,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7668,"prereqPoints":7679},20543970792828,"(으)로 - Direction",1755882395406,"ro-direction","The particle (으)로 follows a place noun, and corresponds to \"to\" or \"towards\" in English.",[6765],[6765,7664],20543987521800,[6037,6079],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"(으)로 - Direction\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle (으)\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"로[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" follows a place noun, and corresponds to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"towards\"\n }), \" in English. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"로[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to words ending in a vowel or ㄹ, and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"으로[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to words ending in a batchim.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"박물관[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">으로[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 갔어요[가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went to the museum.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl101-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오른쪽[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">으로[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 가세요[가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Head to the right.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl101-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어디[$:np]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">로[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 갈[가다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Where are you going to go?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl101-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"로 vs 에\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"로[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is often interchangeable with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" places a slight emphasis on \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"destination\"\n }), \" and the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"completion\"\n }), \" of the journey, while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"로[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" focuses more on the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"direction\"\n }), \" and the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"journey\"\n }), \". For instance, if you said \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아들[$:nng]이[$:p] 학교[$:nng]에[$:p] 갔어[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you are focused on where he went and are confident he got there. If you say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아들[$:nng]이[$:p] 학교[$:nng]로[$:p] 갔어[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" you are focused on the fact that he was headed to school, but you don't know for sure whether or not he arrived there yet. 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This always means that 으 is added to stems that end in a batchim when using that particle or grammatical ending.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun ending in vowel + 로\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"학교[$:nng]로[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun ending in ㄹ + 로\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"서울[$:nng]로[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun ending in batchim + 으로\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"집[$:nng]으로[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6834,7669],{"id":7664,"title":7670,"mod":7671,"grammarPoint":7672,"grammarPointTitle":7670,"grammarPointDescription":7673,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7674,"similarGrammarPoints":7675,"tags":7676,"content":7677,"dependentGrammarPoints":7678,"language":6036},"(으)로 - Using",1755883232253,"ro-using","The particle 로 is used to indicate the tool, method, material or ingredient with which something is made.",[],[7657],[6041,6082],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"(으)로 - Using\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This lesson will cover a couple more usages of the particle (으)로.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"tool or method\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"(으)로 can indicate that a noun is a tool or means for doing an action. For example, it can mark the means of transportation you used to go somewhere, the utensil you cut something with, or the method you use to accomplish something.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"도끼[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">로[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 나무[$:nng]를[$:p] 잘랐어요[자르다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He cut the tree down with an axe.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl102-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": 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{\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"ingredient or material\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"(으)로 is also used to indicate the ingredient or material with which something is made.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"왜[$:maj] 당근[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">으로[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 케이크[$:nng]를[$:p] 만들어요[만들다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why are you making cake with carrots?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl102-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n 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Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"(으)\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"로[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a versatile particle and has many other usages as well. For instance, to indicate a choice, what something changed into, the status of something, what something is thought of as, or the cause or reason for something. We will be talking more about these other usages in a later lesson.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6834],{"id":7664,"title":7670,"mod":7671,"grammarPoint":7672,"grammarPointTitle":7670,"grammarPointDescription":7673,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7674,"similarGrammarPoints":7675,"tags":7681,"content":7677,"dependentGrammarPoints":7678,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7682,"prereqPoints":7685},[6037,6079],[7683],{"id":7657,"title":7658,"mod":7659,"grammarPoint":7660,"grammarPointTitle":7658,"grammarPointDescription":7661,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7662,"similarGrammarPoints":7663,"tags":7684,"content":7666,"dependentGrammarPoints":7667,"language":6036},[6041,6082],[],{"id":7687,"title":7688,"mod":7689,"grammarPoint":7690,"grammarPointTitle":7688,"grammarPointDescription":7691,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7692,"similarGrammarPoints":7693,"tags":7695,"content":7696,"dependentGrammarPoints":7697,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7698,"prereqPoints":7712},20544762848160,"어떻게 - How",1755883400124,"uddukeh-how","The word 어떻게 means \"how\" in English.",[],[7694],20557494831480,[6037,6615],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"어떻게 - How\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어떻게[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"how\"\n }), \" in English. It is used to create question sentences like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"How did you choose this book?\"\n }), \" Note that it is also used in places where we say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what\"\n }), \" in English, for instance when asking questions like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"What do you think?\"\n }), \" Koreans say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"How do you think?\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"박물관[$:nng]까지[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어떻게[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 가요[$:nng]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How do you get to the museum?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl103-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이거[$:np]보다[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어떻게[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 더[$:maj] 잘[$:maj]해[$:sv]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How do you do it easier than this?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl103-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"범인[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어떻게[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 도망갔어요[도망가다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How do you know (to come) this way?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl103-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7699],{"id":7694,"title":7700,"mod":7701,"grammarPoint":7702,"grammarPointTitle":7700,"grammarPointDescription":7703,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7704,"similarGrammarPoints":7706,"tags":7709,"content":7710,"dependentGrammarPoints":7711,"language":6036},"어떻다 - To be how",1756738527863,"to-be-how","The question word 어떻게 actually comes from the ㅎ irregular adjective 어떻다, which means \"to be how.\"",[7687,7705],20557494281976,[7707,7708],20557494698652,20557552351260,[6041,6390],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"어떻다 - To be how\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The question word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어떻게[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"how,\"\n }), \" actually comes from a ㅎ irregular adjective which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be how\"\n }), \" - \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어떻다[어떻다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". That definition may seem almost like nonsense, but very simply speaking it is used for asking how something is.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이거[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어때요[어떻다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How is this?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl134-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"거기[$:np]는[$:p] 날씨[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어때요[어떻다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How's the weather there?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl134-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The noun modifier form, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어떤[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what kind of\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"or\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"some kind of.\"\n }), \" This is the same pattern you have seen with other questions words, like how \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어디[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can mean where or somewhere.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어떤[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 방[$:nng]이[$:p] 마음[$:nng]에[$:p] 들어요[들다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What kind of room do you like?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl134-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어떤[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 목소리[$:nng]를[$:p] 들었어요[들다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I heard some kind of voice.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl134-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Adjective form\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어때[어떻다:a::$:](요[$:mm])\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun modifier form\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어떤[$:mm]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":7714,"title":7715,"mod":7716,"grammarPoint":7717,"grammarPointTitle":7715,"grammarPointDescription":7718,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7719,"similarGrammarPoints":7720,"tags":7722,"content":7723,"dependentGrammarPoints":7724,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7725,"prereqPoints":7737},20544688265040,"Position Words",1756214242822,"position-words","This lesson teaches words used for indicating location, like above, below, next to.",[6765],[7721],20713002618540,[6037,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Position Words\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this lesson we will introduce position words like \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"front\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"top\"\n }), \", etc in Korean. These words are nouns in their base forms and are often combined with the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to describe the relative position of different things.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Header 1\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Header 2\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"앞[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Front \u002F in front of\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"뒤[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Back \u002F behind\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"위[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Top \u002F on top of\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아래[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Bottom \u002F below\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"밑[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Bottom \u002F below\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"옆[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Beside \u002F next to\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 그릇[$:nng]은[$:p] 식탁[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">위[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That dish is on the table.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl104-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"의자[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">옆[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 화분[$:nng]이[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There's a flower pot next to the chair.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl104-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"무대[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">뒤[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 누가[$:np] 있어요[있다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Is there someone behind the stage?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl104-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"침대[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">밑[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 총[$:nng]이[$:p] 있었어[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There was a gun under the bed.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl104-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Position word + 에\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"침대[$:nng] 위[$:nng]에[$:p]\u003Cbr>\\n집[$:nng] 앞[$:nng]에[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7726],{"id":7721,"title":7727,"mod":7728,"grammarPoint":7729,"grammarPointTitle":7727,"grammarPointDescription":7730,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7731,"similarGrammarPoints":7732,"tags":7733,"content":7735,"dependentGrammarPoints":7736,"language":6036},"쪽 - Direction",1755884717785,"jjok-direction","The word 쪽 means \"side\" or \"direction.\" It can be used by itself or as a suffix with position words.",[],[7714],[6041,7734],"korean-affix","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"쪽 - Direction\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"쪽[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"side\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"direction.\"\n }), \" It can be used by itself or as a suffix with position words.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쪽[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>은[$:p] 위험해요[위험하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That direction is dangerous.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl105-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"산[사다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쪽[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>으로[$:p] 도망갔어요[도망가다:v::$:]!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"They fled in the direction of the mountains!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl105-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">오른쪽[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 선물[$:nng]은[$:p] 제[$:mm] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The present on the right is mine.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl105-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">왼쪽[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>은[$:p] 따뜻해요[따뜻하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The left side is warm.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl105-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It's also used with cardinal directions.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Cardinal Point\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Direction\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"북[$:nnp]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"북쪽[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"North\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"남[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"남쪽[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"South\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"동[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"동쪽[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"East\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"서[서다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"서쪽[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"West\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"한국[$:nnp] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">남쪽[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>은[$:p] 섬[$:nng]이[$:p] 많아요[많다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are lots of islands in the south of Korea.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl105-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"해[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">서쪽[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에서[$:p] 뜨겠네[뜨다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The sun sets in the west.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl105-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하이집트[$:nnp]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">북쪽[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이고[이다:v::$:] 상이집트[$:nnp]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">남쪽[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Lower Egypt is to the north and Upper Egypt is to the south.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl105-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Position word + 쪽으로\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오른쪽[$:nng]으로[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6834],{"id":7721,"title":7727,"mod":7728,"grammarPoint":7729,"grammarPointTitle":7727,"grammarPointDescription":7730,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7731,"similarGrammarPoints":7732,"tags":7739,"content":7735,"dependentGrammarPoints":7736,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7744,"prereqPoints":7747},[6037,7740],{"id":7741,"title":7742,"description":7743,"slug":7734,"language":6036},"1753317109938","Affix","all affixes, suffixes and prefixes",[7745],{"id":7714,"title":7715,"mod":7716,"grammarPoint":7717,"grammarPointTitle":7715,"grammarPointDescription":7718,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7719,"similarGrammarPoints":7720,"tags":7746,"content":7723,"dependentGrammarPoints":7724,"language":6036},[6041,6035],[],{"id":7749,"title":7750,"mod":7751,"grammarPoint":7752,"grammarPointTitle":7750,"grammarPointDescription":7753,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7754,"similarGrammarPoints":7755,"tags":7756,"content":7762,"dependentGrammarPoints":7763,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7764,"prereqPoints":7765},20544688894140,"-(으)시- - Respectful infix",1755885274346,"shi-infix","-시- is a syllable that can be added to verbs to show respect to the subject of the verb.",[6485],[6485],[6037,7757],{"id":7758,"title":7759,"description":7760,"slug":7761,"language":6036},"1753317432574","Honorific and humble language","Special words to convey humility or respect","korean-honorific-and-humble-language","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)시- - Respectful infix\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You have already learned how to speak politely by adding -요. This lesson will teach you how to speak with even more respect by adding the syllable -시-.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"시 follows an unconjugated word stem and comes before endings which show tense. Let's look at how you add 시 to the past tense of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오다[오다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"오다 → 오시- → 오셨어요\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"언제[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">오셨어요[오다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When did you arrive?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl106-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"banmal\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Unlike the 요 ending which shows politeness to the listener, 시 shows respect for the person \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"doing the verb\"\n }), \" (ie the grammatical subject of the verb). You can still use 시 in sentences in banmal, for example when you are talking about your grandfather to your younger sibling.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할아버지[$:nng]는[$:p] 맥주[$:nng]을[$:p] 직접[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만드셔[만들다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Grandpa makes beer himself.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl106-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"선생[$:nng]님[$:sn]은[$:p] 매일[$:maj] 영화[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보셔[보다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Teacher watches movies every day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl106-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"stems with batchim\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When the word stem ends in a batchim, 으 is inserted before the 시.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"읽다 → 읽으시다\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할머니[$:nng]가[$:p] 편지[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">읽으셨어요[읽다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Grandma read the letter.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl106-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"present tense\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When used in jondaemal in the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"present tense\"\n }), \", 시 changes to 세.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"하다 → 하시- → 하세요\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사장[$:nng]님[$:sn]은[$:p] 주말[$:nng]마다[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">등산하세요[등산하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The boss goes hiking every weekend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl106-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"시 can also be used with adjectives to show respect to the grammatical subject of the adjective.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어머니[$:nng]가[$:p] 너무[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">예쁘세요[예쁘다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Your mother is so pretty!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl106-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"We can finally explain the most common greeting in Korean - \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"안녕하세요[$:ic]. 안녕[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"peace\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"안녕하세요[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" originated from the question \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"are you at peace?\"\n }), \" which is why it is often said with a rising intonation.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"안녕하세요[$:ic].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Hello.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl106-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stem ending in vowel + (으)시 (present tense 반말)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하셔[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stem ending in batchim + (으)시 (present tense 반말)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n 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The additional politeness of -시- makes -(으)세요 acceptable in a wider range of situations than just using the polite present tense as a command.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저기[$:np]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보세요[보다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Look at that!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl107-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이쪽[$:np]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">앉으세요[앉다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please sit down over here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl107-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"3시간[$:nng] 후[$:nng]에[$:p] 다시[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">오세요[오다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please come back in three hours.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl107.3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-시- is used when the subject of the verb or adjective requires respect. 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These terms simply refer to respectful and non-respectful speech, regardless of formality. They can be further broken down into distinct styles. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"체\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"style\"\n }), \" and each speech style is referred to using the command form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" + \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"체[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". So, for instance, the 요 form that you've been learning is called \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"해요체[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", although \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"해요[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하세요[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are both command forms that can be used within that style. These terms are mostly used by academics, so we aren't using them in the course, but will mention them in advanced content.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Sentence Type\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"해요체[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"declarative\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"해요[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"command\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"해요[하다:v::$:]\u002F하세요[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"question\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"해요[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"?\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"proposition\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"해요[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7780,7782,7793],{"id":7749,"title":7750,"mod":7751,"grammarPoint":7752,"grammarPointTitle":7750,"grammarPointDescription":7753,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7754,"similarGrammarPoints":7755,"tags":7781,"content":7762,"dependentGrammarPoints":7763,"language":6036},[6041,7761],{"id":7774,"title":7783,"mod":7784,"grammarPoint":7785,"grammarPointTitle":7783,"grammarPointDescription":7786,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7787,"similarGrammarPoints":7789,"tags":7790,"content":7791,"dependentGrammarPoints":7792,"language":6036},"주세요 - Please",1755886432152,"juseyo-please","How to say \"please\" in Korean.",[7767,7788],20544741366852,[7767,7788],[6041,7072],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"주세요 - Please\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The ending -세요 is used as a polite command. When combined with -아\u002F어 주다, it makes your command softer and more polite because you're acknowledging that the other person is doing something for you. This is how Koreans express the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"please.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"잠시만[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">기다려[기다리다:v::$:] 주세요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please wait a moment.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl110-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"댓글[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">써[쓰다:v::$:] 주세요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please write a comment.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl110-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"다른[$:mm] 사이즈[$:nng]로[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">바꿔[바꾸다:v::$:]주세요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please let me change it for another size.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl110-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There is an individual word meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"please,\"\n }), \" - \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"제발[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but it is infrequently used. It is far more emotional than this grammar form and has more the feeling of saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I'm begging you!\"\n }), \" So unless you actually want to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I'm begging you, give me a coffee!\"\n }), \" you better stick to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"주세요[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제발[$:maj]!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm begging you!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl110-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"conjugated verb stem + 주세요\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"해[하다:v::$:] 주세요[$:b]\u003Cbr>\\n사[$:nr] 주세요[$:b]\u003Cbr>\\n받아[받다:v::$:] 주세요[$:b]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":7775,"title":7794,"mod":7795,"grammarPoint":7796,"grammarPointTitle":7794,"grammarPointDescription":7797,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7798,"similarGrammarPoints":7799,"tags":7802,"content":7803,"dependentGrammarPoints":7804,"language":6036},"-아\u002F어라 - Strong command",1758898554629,"ra-strong-command","The sentence ending -라 is added to a verb stem to indicate that the sentence is a command.",[],[7767,7800,7801],20726306043816,20814356256636,[6041,6059],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어라 - Strong command\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The sentence ending -라 is added to a verb stem to indicate that the sentence is a command. It is a pretty forceful expression that is exclusively used when someone who is older or of higher rank is speaking down to someone who is younger or of lower rank. 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\"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FSentence_Batch 2_Nar_Minwoo411.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할아버지[$:nng]께[$:p] 인사[$:nng]부터[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">해라[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Greet grandfather first.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FSentence_Batch 2_Nar_Minwoo412.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: 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\"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7780,7818],{"id":7767,"title":7768,"mod":7769,"grammarPoint":7770,"grammarPointTitle":7768,"grammarPointDescription":7771,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7772,"similarGrammarPoints":7773,"tags":7819,"content":7777,"dependentGrammarPoints":7778,"language":6036},[6041,7761,6497],[7780,7818],{"id":7788,"title":7822,"mod":7823,"grammarPoint":7824,"grammarPointTitle":7825,"grammarPointDescription":7826,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7827,"similarGrammarPoints":7828,"tags":7829,"content":7830,"dependentGrammarPoints":7831,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7832,"prereqPoints":7833},"-아\u002F어 주다 - Doing for someone",1755886332529,"uh-juda","-아\u002F어 주다","When 주다 is combined with another verb, it adds the meaning of doing that verb for someone else.",[],[7774],[6037,7105],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어 주다 - Doing for someone\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"주다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means to give, but when combined with another verb it adds the meaning of doing that verb for someone else. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"주다[주다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added after a conjugated verb stem.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"엄마[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만들어[만들다:v::$:] 줬어요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mom made it for me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl109-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"경찰[$:nng]이[$:p] 여권[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">찾아[찾다:v::$:] 줬어요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The police found the passport.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl109-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"불[$:nng] 좀[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">꺼[끄다:v::$:] 줘[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please turn off the light.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl109-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In this usage, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"주다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is considered an auxiliary verb - a verb that assists in adding meaning to the verb it follows. There are many other auxiliary verbs, and they usually follow a conjugated stem like this.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"According to the National Institute of Korean Language, there should be a space between the main verb and auxilliary verbs \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(주다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in this case). However, writing it without a space is also allowed. In real life situations like texting, people usually write them without the space, like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"해줘[하다:v::$:], 사줘[사다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are a few words that are so commonly used with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"주다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" that they have become words in their own right, and appear in the dictionary. One example of this is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"빌려주다[빌려주다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which changes the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to borrow\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"빌리다[빌리다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to lend\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"빌려주다[빌려주다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \").\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"도서관[$:nng]에서[$:p] 책[$:nng]을[$:p] 빌렸어요[빌리다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I borrowed a book from the library.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl109-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng]한테[$:p] 책[$:nng]을[$:p] 빌려[빌리다:v::$:]줬어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I lent a book to a friend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl-109-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"conjugated verb stem + 주다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"해[하다:v::$:] 주다[$:b]\u003Cbr>\\n사[$:nr] 주다[$:b]\u003Cbr>\\n받아[받다:v::$:] 주다[$:b]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7782],[],{"id":7774,"title":7783,"mod":7784,"grammarPoint":7785,"grammarPointTitle":7783,"grammarPointDescription":7786,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7787,"similarGrammarPoints":7789,"tags":7835,"content":7791,"dependentGrammarPoints":7792,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7836,"prereqPoints":7839},[6037,7105],[7818,7837],{"id":7788,"title":7822,"mod":7823,"grammarPoint":7824,"grammarPointTitle":7825,"grammarPointDescription":7826,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7827,"similarGrammarPoints":7828,"tags":7838,"content":7830,"dependentGrammarPoints":7831,"language":6036},[6041,7072],[7818,7837],{"id":7841,"title":7842,"mod":7843,"grammarPoint":7844,"grammarPointTitle":7842,"grammarPointDescription":7845,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7846,"similarGrammarPoints":7847,"tags":7848,"content":7849,"dependentGrammarPoints":7850,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7851,"prereqPoints":7852},20556544485684,"약간, 조금 and 좀 - A little",1756215056882,"a-little-bit","This lesson talks about words meaning \"a little\" or \"a bit\" in Korean.",[],[],[6037,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"약간, 조금 and 좀 - A little\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"약간[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a word that means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"a little\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"a bit.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">약간[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 습해요[습하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's a bit humid.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl111-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"맛[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">약간[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 짜요[짜다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It tastes a little salty.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl111-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"조금[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"a little\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"a short while.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"앞머리[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">조금[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>만[$:p] 잘라[자르다:v::$:] 주세요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Only cut my bangs a little.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl111-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">조금[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>만[$:p] 더[$:maj] 기다려[기다리다:v::$:] 주세요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please wait just a little while longer.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl111-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"조금[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" also has a shortened form, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"좀[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", that can be used in the same ways as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"조금[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but also has an additional usage of softening a request. In this case it doesn't really mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"a little,\"\n }), \" it just adds a feeling of softness, like an extra \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"please.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"TV \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">좀[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 틀어[틀다:v::$:] 주세요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please turn on the TV.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl111-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":7854,"title":7855,"mod":7856,"grammarPoint":7857,"grammarPointTitle":7855,"grammarPointDescription":7858,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7859,"similarGrammarPoints":7860,"tags":7861,"content":7862,"dependentGrammarPoints":7863,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7864,"prereqPoints":7865},20618363335716,"은\u002F는 with other particles",1756126860536,"topic-marker-combinations","This lesson explains how 은\u002F는 can be stacked with other particles.",[6274,6738,6765,6773,7543,7664],[6274],[6037,6079],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"은\u002F는 with other particles\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\u002F는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" attaches to nouns to give various types of nuance. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\u002F는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" replaces the subject and object markers, but it can also be stacked with other particles.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"에는\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be added to the location marking particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to compare and contrast one time or location with another.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"영국[$:nnp]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에[$:p]는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 비[$:nng]가[$:p] 많이[$:maj] 와요[오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It rains a lot in England.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl112-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you say this sentence without \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it sounds like it is raining a lot in England \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"right now\"\n }), \". However, by adding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you are stating a general fact that it rains a lot in England.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:mm] 방[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에[$:p]는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 에어컨[$:nng]이[$:p] 없어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There is no air conditioning in my room.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl112-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The nuance of this sentence is that your room doesn't have air conditioning, but other places do.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"에서는\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Attaching \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to the location marker \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" serves the same function as adding it to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but marks the location of an action.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"극장[$:nng] 안[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에서[$:p]는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 핸드폰[$:nng]을[$:p] 사용[$:nng]하지[$:sv] 마세요[말다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don't use cell phones inside the theater.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl112-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"도서관[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">에서[$:p]는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 떠들면[떠들다:v::$:] 안[$:maj] 돼요[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You mustn't chat in the library.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl112-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"로는\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Adding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"로[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" compares and contrasts using something with using other things.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 월급[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">으로[$:p]는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 프랑스[$:nnp]에서[$:p] 못[$:maj] 살아요[살다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I couldn't live in France on this salary.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl112-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"By using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" here you are emphasizing that using \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"this\"\n }), \" salary, you couldn't live in France. If instead you said \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:mm] 월급[$:nng]으로[$:p] 프랑스[$:nnp]에서[$:p]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 못[$:maj] 살아요[살다:v::$:],\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" you would be saying that you can't live in \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"France\"\n }), \" on this salary, but maybe you could live other places.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"축구[$:nng]가[$:p] 취미[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">로[$:p]는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 좋아요[좋다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I like soccer as a hobby.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl112-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This implies that you like soccer as a hobby, but you're not trying to make it your profession.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"한테는\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Adding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한테[$:p]\u002F에게[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한테서[$:p]\u002F에게서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" contrasts the person with other unspecified people.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">한테[$:p]는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 제[$:np]가[$:p] 먼저[$:maj] 이야기했어요[이야기하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I told my friend first.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl112-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">한테[$:p]는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 중요한[중요하다:a::$:] 일[$:nnb]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's important to me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl112-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It might not be important to other people, but it is to me.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"만은\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Since \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"만[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is already serving the function of contrasting one thing to others by singling it out, when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" attaches to it, it is adding emphasis to that feeling. It is like saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"at least this.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 말[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만[$:p]은[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 하고[하다:v::$:] 싶지[$:b] 않았어[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This, at least, I didn't want to say.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl112-9.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"회사[$:nng]의[$:p] 부도[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만[$:p]은[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 막아야[막다:v::$:] 해[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We must at least block the company's bankruptcy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl112-10.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\u002F는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can attach to more particles and parts of speech than this, but it would be impossible to list them all. It's enough to understand that when people use it they are adding emphasis or contrast.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"에는\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여[$:nng]즘[$:nng]에[$:p]는[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"에서는\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"미국[$:nnp]에서[$:p]는[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"로는\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"딸기[$:nng]로[$:p]는[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"한테는\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아빠[$:nng]한테[$:p]는[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"만은\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"주말[$:nng]만[$:p]은[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6910],[6910,7866,6834,6789,7567,7669],{"id":6738,"title":6739,"mod":6740,"grammarPoint":6741,"grammarPointTitle":6739,"grammarPointDescription":6742,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6743,"similarGrammarPoints":6744,"tags":7867,"content":6746,"dependentGrammarPoints":6747,"language":6036},[6041,6082],{"id":7869,"title":7870,"mod":7871,"grammarPoint":7872,"grammarPointTitle":7870,"grammarPointDescription":7873,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7874,"similarGrammarPoints":7875,"tags":7877,"content":7878,"dependentGrammarPoints":7879,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7880,"prereqPoints":7905},20557524023376,"Modifying a Noun with Another Noun",1756215159226,"modifying-noun-with-noun","In Korean you can describe one noun with another, just like in English. For example, \"winter wind\" or \"neighborhood cafe.\"",[6024],[6024,7876,7138],20544695161116,[6037],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Modifying a Noun with Another Noun\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A noun modifier is a word that comes before another noun to descibe it, like \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"orange\"\n }), \" hat or \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"that\"\n }), \" cat. It is also possible to use a noun as a noun modifier. We do this in English too, for example \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"house key,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"coffee cup,\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"theater ticket.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">겨울[$:nng] 바람[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이[$:p] 차가워요[차갑다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Winter wind is cold.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl113-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">해외[$:nng] 여행[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>을[$:p] 자주[$:maj] 다녀요[다니다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I often travel abroad.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl113-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">비행기[$:nng] 티켓[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>은[$:p] 샀어요[사다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I bought a plane ticket.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl113-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Noun modifiers are technically known as determiners, but we believe the term noun modifier is easier to understand, so we will be using it throughout this course.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun + noun\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"봄[$:nng] 바람[$:nng]\u003Cbr>\\n여행[$:nng] 가방[$:nng]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6712,7881,7895],{"id":7876,"title":7882,"mod":7883,"grammarPoint":7884,"grammarPointTitle":7882,"grammarPointDescription":7885,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7886,"similarGrammarPoints":7887,"tags":7891,"content":7893,"dependentGrammarPoints":7894,"language":6036},"-ㄴ - Adjectives before a noun",1756215267159,"adjective-determiner","This lesson teaches how to add information about a noun using adjectives, like saying \"a cute dog\" or \"a pretty flower.\"",[6397],[7888,7138,7889,7890],20556514705212,20564765684472,20816581204872,[6041,6390,7892],"korean-noun-modifer-forms","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-ㄴ - Adjectives before a noun\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can use adjectives to say things like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the flower is pretty,\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the dog is cute.\"\n }), \" This lesson will teach you how to flip that around to say things like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the pretty flower,\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the cute dog.\"\n }), \" This structure allows you to make full sentences like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"she picked the pretty flower,\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"he likes cute dogs.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To conjugate an adjective into its present tense noun modifier form, you just add -ㄴ to its stem if it ends in a vowel and -은 if it ends in a batchim.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"크다 → 크 + ㄴ → 큰\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">큰[크다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 집[$:nng]이[$:p] 많아요[많다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are a lot of big houses.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl114-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"예쁘다 → 예쁘 + ㄴ → 예쁜\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">예쁜[예쁘다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 옷[$:nng]이[$:p] 많이[$:maj] 봤어요[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I saw a lot of pretty clothes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl114-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"좋다 → 좋 + 은 → 좋은\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">좋은[좋다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 하루[$:nng] 보내세요[보내다:v::$:]!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Have a good day!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl114-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"높다 → 높 + 은 → 높은\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">높은[높다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 산[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's a high mountain.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl114-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A descriptive word that comes before a noun like this is called a noun modifier. Noun modifiers include other nouns, words like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:mm], 그[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and adjectives like you are learning in this lesson.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Adjective stem ending in vowel + ㄴ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"예쁘다[예쁘다:a::$:] → 예쁜[예쁘다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n빠르다[빠르다:a::$:] → 빠른[빠르다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Adjective stem ending in batchim + 은\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"좋다[좋다:a::$:] → 좋은[좋다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n많다[많다:a::$:] → 많은[많다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":7138,"title":7896,"mod":7897,"grammarPoint":7898,"grammarPointTitle":7896,"grammarPointDescription":7899,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7900,"similarGrammarPoints":7901,"tags":7902,"content":7903,"dependentGrammarPoints":7904,"language":6036},"Describing a noun with a verb - present tense",1757085390003,"describing-noun-with-verb","This lesson teaches you how you can say things like \"I'm a person who is learning Korean.\"",[7876],[7876],[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiImage, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiImage) _missingMdxReference(\"UiImage\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Describing a noun with a verb - present tense\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can describe a noun with an adjective, like in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"예쁜[예쁘다:a::$:] 꽃[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"pretty flower\"\n }), \". \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"예쁜\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"pretty\"\n }), \" functions as a noun modifier. You can also turn verbs into noun modifiers to say things like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the reading man,\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the singing woman.\"\n }), \" To change a verb into a present tense noun modifer you add -는 to the verb stem.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Verb\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Modifier form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"배우다[배우다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to learn\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한국어[$:nng]를[$:p] 배우는[배우다:v::$:] 사람[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"person learning Korean\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"키우다[키우다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to raise\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"고양이[$:nng]를[$:p] 키우는[키우다:v::$:] 여자[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"woman who has a cat\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"먹다[먹다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to eat\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한국[$:nnp] 음식[$:nng]을[$:p] 먹는[먹다:v::$:] 외국인[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"foreigner who eats Korean food\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"알다[알다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to know\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사실[$:nng]을[$:p] 아는[알다:v::$:] 사람[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"person who knows the truth\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"relative clause\"\n }), \" is a group of words that together functions like an adjective. Relative clauses aren't complete sentences and need to be combined with a \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"main clause\"\n }), \" to be complete. A main clause is group of words that can stand on its own as a complete sentence. We can take a relative clause and insert them into a main clause to make a more complex sentence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's look at an example. This is how you say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I am a person who is learning Korean:\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fclause.webp\",\n alt: \"relative clause\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Main clause:\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"I am a person\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"Relative clause:\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"who is learning Korean\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한국어[$:nng]를[$:p] 배우는[배우다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is describing \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사람[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" - essentially it is an adjective. It consists of two words, but hopefully you can see how it describes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사람[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", just like the adjective \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"예쁜[예쁘다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" could.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사진[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">찍는[찍다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 관광객[$:nng]이[$:p] 많아요[많다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are a lot of tourists taking pictures.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl160-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">토론하는[토론하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 사람[$:nng]들[$:sn]의[$:p] 목소리[$:nng]가[$:p] 들려요[들리다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can hear the voices of people having a discussion.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl160-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">웃는[웃다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 아기[$:nng]가[$:p] 너무[$:maj] 귀여워요[귀엽다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The laughing baby is so cute.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl160-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만드는[만들다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 과정[$:nng]이[$:p] 생각[$:nng]보다[$:p] 복잡했어요[복잡하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The process of making it was more complicated than I thought.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl160-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + 는\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하는[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n아는[알다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n먹는[먹다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6712],{"id":7876,"title":7882,"mod":7883,"grammarPoint":7884,"grammarPointTitle":7882,"grammarPointDescription":7885,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7886,"similarGrammarPoints":7887,"tags":7907,"content":7893,"dependentGrammarPoints":7894,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7912,"prereqPoints":7945},[6037,6405,7908],{"id":7909,"title":7910,"description":7911,"slug":7892,"language":6036},"1754054269375","Noun modifer forms","All endings that can be used to describe a noun",[7913,7895,7923,7935],{"id":7888,"title":7914,"mod":7915,"grammarPoint":7916,"grammarPointTitle":7914,"grammarPointDescription":7917,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7918,"similarGrammarPoints":7919,"tags":7920,"content":7921,"dependentGrammarPoints":7922,"language":6036},"-ㄴ - Adjectives before a noun, irregulars",1756215378014,"adjective-determiner-irregular","This lesson covers a couple irregular rules that apply to noun modifier forms.",[6439,6751],[7876],[6041,6390,7892],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-ㄴ - Adjectives before a noun, irregulars\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"There are a couple irregular rules that apply to noun modifier forms.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"ㅂ irregular\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The ㅂ irregular rule also applies to this conjugation - ㅂ turns into ㅜ before adding ㄴ. It is always ㅜ, even if the stem contains ㅏ or ㅗ.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"귀엽다 → 귀여우 + ㄴ → 귀여운\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">귀여운[귀엽다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 아기[$:nng] 돼지[$:nng]를[$:p] 봤어요[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I saw a cute baby pig.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl115-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"어렵다 → 어려우 + ㄴ → 어려운\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어려운[어렵다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 단어[$:nng]는[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 몰라요[모르다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't know difficult words well.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl115-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"무섭다 → 무서우 + ㄴ → 무서운\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내[$:np] 사촌[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">무서운[무섭다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 영화[$:nng]를[$:p] 못[$:maj] 봐[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My cousin can't watch scary movies.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl115-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"어렵다 → 어려우 + ㄴ → 어려운\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어려운[어렵다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 단어[$:nng]는[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 몰라요[모르다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't know difficult words well.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl115-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"춥다 → 추우 + ㄴ → 추운\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여자친구[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">추운[춥다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 날씨[$:nng]를[$:p] 싫어해요[싫어하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My girlfriend hates cold weather.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl115-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"ㄹ irregular\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"Any time you add an ending that starts with ㄴ to a verb or adjective stem that ends in ㄹ, the ㄹ is dropped.\"\n }), \" There are many endings in Korean that start with ㄴ, so you will see this again and again.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"길다 → 긴\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">긴[길다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 영상[$:nng]은[$:p] 보기[보다:v::$:] 힘들어요[힘들다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's hard watching long videos.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl115-6a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"멀다 → 먼\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"왜[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">먼[멀다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 약국[$:nng]에서[$:p] 약[$:nng]을[$:p] 사요[사다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why do you buy medicine from a far away pharmacy?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl115-7a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"달다 → 단\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"너무[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">단[달다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 음식[$:nng]은[$:p] 몸[$:nng]에[$:p] 안[$:maj] 좋아요[좋다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Food that's too sweet is not good for you.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl115-8a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb or adjective stem ending in ㅂ → ㅜ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"덥다[덥다:a::$:] → 더운[덥다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n어렵다[어렵다:a::$:] → 어려운[어렵다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb or adjective stem ending in ㄹ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"길다[길다:a::$:] → 긴[길다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n멀다[멀다:a::$:] → 먼[멀다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":7889,"title":7924,"mod":7925,"grammarPoint":7926,"grammarPointTitle":7924,"grammarPointDescription":7927,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7928,"similarGrammarPoints":7929,"tags":7932,"content":7933,"dependentGrammarPoints":7934,"language":6036},"Describing a noun with a verb - past tense",1757085560110,"past-tense-determiner-verbs","To put a verb into its past tense noun modifer form you add ㄴ\u002F은 to the verb stem.",[7876],[7930,7138,7890,7931],20816583243828,20816581278660,[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Describing a noun with a verb - past tense\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To put a verb into its \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"past tense\"\n }), \" noun modifer form you add ㄴ\u002F은 to the verb stem. This allows you to make clauses like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the man I \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">met\u003C\u002Fstrong>,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the car my husband \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">bought\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the student who \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">lost\u003C\u002Fstrong> his hat.\"\n }), \" You might notice that the addition of ㄴ\u002F은 here is exactly the same thing we add to change an adjective into its \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"present tense\"\n }), \" noun modifier form. This is one case where adjectives and verbs are treated differently, because with verbs it indicates \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"past tense\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지금[$:nng]까지[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">본[보다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 영화[$:nng] 중[$:nnb]에[$:p] 제일[$:maj] 재밌었어요[재미있다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's the most interesting of all the movies I've seen so far.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl161-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그때[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">들은[들다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이야기[$:nng]가[$:p] 아직[$:maj]도[$:p] 기억나요[기억나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I still remember that story I heard that time.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl161-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어제[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">산[사다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 옷[$:nng]이[$:p] 저[$:np]한테[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 안[$:maj] 맞아요[맞다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The clothes I bought yesterday don't fit me well.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl161-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As you can see, regardless of using the past tense for the relative clause, the overall tense of the sentence is determined by the final verb or adjective.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + ㄴ\u002F은\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"한[$:mm]\u003Cbr>\\n먹은[먹다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":7890,"title":7936,"mod":7937,"grammarPoint":7938,"grammarPointTitle":7936,"grammarPointDescription":7939,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7940,"similarGrammarPoints":7941,"tags":7942,"content":7943,"dependentGrammarPoints":7944,"language":6036},"-던 - Past tense noun modifer form",1757086048313,"dun-past-tense-verb-determiner","-던 is used to refer to an action that was done repeatedly or continually.",[7138],[7889,7931],[6041,7892],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-던 - Past tense noun modifer form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To use a past tense verb before a noun you need to add -ㄴ\u002F은 to the stem. For instance, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"식당[$:nng]에[$:p] 온[오다:v::$:] 사람[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"a person who came to the restaurant.\"\n }), \" There are actually two more ways to express the past tense for verbs, -던 and -았\u002F었던. You saw -던 before when learning about adjectives in their past tense noun modifier form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(예뻤던[예쁘다:a::$:] 여자[$:nng])\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Since they are a little different, this lesson will look at -던 with verbs and the next will look at -았\u002F었던 with verbs.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-던 is used to refer to an action that was done \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"repeatedly\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"continually\"\n }), \" in the past. It doesn't match perfectly with any specific tense in English, but it might be helpful to think of it meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"used to.\"\n }), \" For instance, \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the snack that I used to eat when I was young,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the clothes that I had often worn last winter,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the friend that I met with every Saturday.\"\n }), \" Your English brain might be thinking that there is a difference in tense between \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"used to eat\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"had often worn,\"\n }), \" but Korean is not that specific about tense, and these both use -던.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"유치원[$:nng] 때[$:nng] 자주[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가던[가다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 놀이터[$:nng]에[$:p] 가봤어요[가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went to the playground I often went to in kindergarten.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl162-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"같이[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">공부하던[공부하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 친구[$:nng]가[$:p] 미국[$:nnp]으로[$:p] 떠났어요[떠나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The friend I used to study with left for the US.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl162-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"자주[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">듣던[듣다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 노래[$:nng]가[$:p] 라디오[$:nng]에서[$:p] 나왔어요[나오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A song I had often heard played on the radio.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl162-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The second usage of -던 is to refer to an action that started in the past and is incomplete. You use this when asking things like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Where is the coffee I was drinking?\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내[$:np]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">읽던[읽다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 책[$:nng]이[$:p] 어디[$:np] 있지[있다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Where's the book I was reading?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl162-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">회의하던[회의하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 중[$:nnb]에[$:p] 인터넷[$:nng]이[$:p] 끊겼어요[끊기다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The internet went out in the middle of the meeting.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl162-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The third usage of -던 is for verbs that express a certain degree of a continued state like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"살다[살다:v::$:] or 다니다[다니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It just puts that activity in the past, like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the house where I lived,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the school I attended.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어릴[어리다:a::$:] 때[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">살던[살다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 동네[$:nng]에[$:p] 다시[$:maj] 가[가다:v::$:] 보고[보다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to go see the neighborhood I lived in when I was young again.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl162-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:np]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">다니던[다니다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 학교[$:nng]가[$:p] 지금[$:nng]은[$:p] 없어졌어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The school I used to attend is gone now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl162-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"tl;dr\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The key point of -던 is that you aren't referring to something that happened once and is finished.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + -던\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하던[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n가던[가다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n먹던[먹다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6429],{"id":7888,"title":7914,"mod":7915,"grammarPoint":7916,"grammarPointTitle":7914,"grammarPointDescription":7917,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7918,"similarGrammarPoints":7919,"tags":7947,"content":7921,"dependentGrammarPoints":7922,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7948,"prereqPoints":7949},[6037,6405,7908],[7881],[6444,7950],{"id":6751,"title":6752,"mod":6753,"grammarPoint":6754,"grammarPointTitle":6755,"grammarPointDescription":6756,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6757,"similarGrammarPoints":6758,"tags":7951,"content":6760,"dependentGrammarPoints":6761,"language":6036},[6041,6064,6452],{"id":7953,"title":7954,"mod":7955,"grammarPoint":7956,"grammarPointTitle":7954,"grammarPointDescription":7957,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7958,"similarGrammarPoints":7959,"tags":7960,"content":7961,"dependentGrammarPoints":7962,"language":6036,"similarPoints":7963,"prereqPoints":7964},20544688807116,"이다 before a noun",1756128166464,"ida-determiner","You can also describe a noun with another noun by using `이다[이다:v::$:]` in its noun modifier form: `인[이다:v::$:]`.",[6047],[7876],[6037,6405],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"이다 before a noun\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can also describe a noun with another noun by using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in its noun modifier form: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"인[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This allows you to say things like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"My sister who is a teacher is busy,\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"My friend who is a doctor has a lot of money.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"화장실[$:nng]이[$:p] 2개인[$:nng] 아파트[$:nng]로[$:p] 이사하고[이사하다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to move to a 2-bathroom apartment.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl116-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n 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}), \")\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Earth\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"토요일[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Saturday\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"日\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(일\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \")\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Sun\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일요일[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Sunday\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"At times, only the first syllable in a weekday (the syllable with the unique Chinese character) is used to signify the day of the week, such as in a calendar date: 2017. 8. 21.(\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"금\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \").\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">월요일[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>은[$:p] 다른[$:mm] 사람[$:nng]이[$:p] 일[$:nng]할[$:sv] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A different person is going to work on Monday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl121-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">수요일[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 새벽[$:nng]부터[$:p] 비[$:nng]가[$:p] 왔어요[오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It rained from early morning on Sunday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl121-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">금요일[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 계약[$:nng]을[$:p] 할[하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We're going to make a contract on Friday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl121-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8005],{"id":7292,"title":7313,"mod":7314,"grammarPoint":7315,"grammarPointTitle":7313,"grammarPointDescription":7316,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7317,"similarGrammarPoints":7318,"tags":8006,"content":7320,"dependentGrammarPoints":7321,"language":6036},[6041,6952],[],{"id":7269,"title":7286,"mod":7287,"grammarPoint":7288,"grammarPointTitle":7286,"grammarPointDescription":7289,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7290,"similarGrammarPoints":7291,"tags":8009,"content":7294,"dependentGrammarPoints":7295,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8010,"prereqPoints":8011},[6037,6031,6948],[8005,7274],[6990,6956],{"id":8013,"title":8014,"mod":8015,"grammarPoint":8016,"grammarPointTitle":8014,"grammarPointDescription":8017,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8018,"similarGrammarPoints":8019,"tags":8020,"content":8021,"dependentGrammarPoints":8022,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8023,"prereqPoints":8024},20556575736408,"언제 - When",1756133352918,"when","언제 can mean \"why\" or \"sometime.\"",[],[],[6037,6615],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"언제 - When\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The pronoun \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"언제[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"when\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">언제[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 들어왔어[들어오다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When did you come in?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl123-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"크리스마스[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">언제[$:np]\u003C\u002Fstrong>예요[이다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When is Christmas?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl123-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"언제[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" also can have the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"sometime.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">언제[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 밥[$:nng] 한번[$:maj] 먹어요[먹다:v::$:]!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's eat together sometime!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl123-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한[$:mm] 번[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" literally means one time, but there is an alternative form without a space \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(한번[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") which is an adverb referring to giving something a try or having an opportunity to do something. Usually it is not included in translations because it really doesn't mean \\\"one time\\\" in these cases and there is no equivalent word in English.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":8026,"title":8027,"mod":8028,"grammarPoint":8029,"grammarPointTitle":8027,"grammarPointDescription":8030,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8031,"similarGrammarPoints":8032,"tags":8034,"content":8039,"dependentGrammarPoints":8040,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8041,"prereqPoints":8052},20556576146088,"-(으)ㄹ 것이다 - Future tense",1756133485338,"future-tense-1","Korean has several forms of future tense - I will do it, I'm going to do it. This lesson will look at \"going to do\": - (으)ㄹ 것이다.",[6047,6114],[8033],20564765826660,[6037,6866,8035],{"id":8036,"title":8037,"description":8038,"slug":7143,"language":6036},"1753317651127","Bound nouns","all forms that include bound nouns","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)ㄹ 것이다 - Future tense\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now you are going to learn about future tense. Just like in English, Korean has several forms of future tense - I will do it, I'm going to do it. This lesson will look at the most common and plain form, equivalent to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"going to do\"\n }), \" - (으)ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것[$:nnb]이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Before we give some examples, let's take a look at what each part of this grammatical structure is doing.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Component\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ㄹ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"expresses the future or conjecture\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"a bound noun meaning \\\"thing\\\"\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:np]다[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"A bound noun is a noun that can only be used as part of a grammatical structure.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Just like when it appears in 이것, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in -(으)ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것[$:nnb]이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is usually abbreviated to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"거[$:nnb]. 거[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" + \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" follows the rule you've already learned: \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"거[$:nnb]야[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"반말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" for polite speech. Most of the time \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is pronounced 거에요.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"언제[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">결혼할[결혼하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When are you going to get married?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl124-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"책[$:nng]이[$:p] 재미없지만[재미없다:a::$:] 끝[$:nng]까지[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">읽을[읽다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The book is boring but I'm going to read it to the end.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl124-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"월요일[$:nng]부터[$:p] 그[$:mm] 소설[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">읽을[읽다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm going to read that novel starting Monday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl124-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Remember that with the right context, present tense can also be used to express the future.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stem + ㄹ 것이다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할[하다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb]이다[이다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n할[하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n할[하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8042],{"id":8033,"title":8043,"mod":8044,"grammarPoint":8045,"grammarPointTitle":8043,"grammarPointDescription":8046,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8047,"similarGrammarPoints":8048,"tags":8049,"content":8050,"dependentGrammarPoints":8051,"language":6036},"Describing a noun with a verb - future tense",1757336516912,"r-future-determiner-verbs","To change a verb into its future tense noun modifier form you add -ㄹ\u002F을 to the verb stem.",[8026,7138],[7138],[6041,7892],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Describing a noun with a verb - future tense\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To change a verb into its future tense noun modifier form you add -ㄹ\u002F을 to the verb stem. This is the same ㄹ you saw in the future tense form -(으)ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것[$:nnb]이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and in -(으)ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"수[$:nnb] 있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". -ㄹ is not just used to express something happening in the future, but also to express ability or possibility. Pay close attention to the translations in this lesson, because English uses \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">verb\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" in these cases rather than future tense.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"다음주[$:nng] 주말[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">축구할[축구하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 사람[$:nng] 있어요[있다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Does anyone want to play soccer next weekend?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl164-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지하철[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">앉을[앉다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 자리[$:nng]가[$:p] 없어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There's no place to sit on the subway.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl164-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"도시[$:nng]에[$:p] 인구[$:nng]가[$:p] 너무[$:maj] 많아서[많다:a::$:] 사람[$:nng]들[$:sn]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">살[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 집[$:nng]이[$:p] 부족[$:nng]해요[$:sv].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The population of the city is so big, there aren't enough homes for people to buy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl164-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">게임[$:nng]할[$:sv]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 시간[$:nng]이[$:p] 있으면[있다:v::$:] 잠[$:nng]을[$:p] 더[$:maj] 자[$:nnb].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you have time to play games, sleep more.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl164-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + ㄹ\u002F을\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n먹을[먹다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6110,6717],{"id":8054,"title":8055,"mod":8056,"grammarPoint":8057,"grammarPointTitle":8055,"grammarPointDescription":8058,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8059,"similarGrammarPoints":8060,"tags":8061,"content":8062,"dependentGrammarPoints":8063,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8064,"prereqPoints":8067},20556651585228,"Using -(으)ㄹ 것이다 for conjecture",1756216161523,"conjecture-1","(으)ㄹ is used to express the future or conjecture. You can use it to make a guess about the future or the present.",[8026],[8026],[6037,8035,6866],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Using -(으)ㄹ 것이다 for conjecture\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"ㄹ is used to express the future \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"or\"\n }), \" conjecture. This means that you can also use -ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것[$:nnb]이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to make a guess about the future \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"or\"\n }), \" the present.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 청바지[$:nng]는[$:p] 조금[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">비쌀[비싸다:a::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Those jeans might be a bit expensive.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl125-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"보면[보다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아실[알다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You'll probably know it when you see it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl125-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"노력하면[노력하다:v::$:] 잘[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">할[하다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 있을[있다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I expect you'll be able to do it well if you try.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl125-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A word commonly used in sentences like this to emphasize the fact that you are guessing is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아마[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means \\\"maybe\\\" or \\\"probably.\\\"\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아마[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 많이[$:maj] 취했을[취하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He's probably very drunk.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl125-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This is not really different from English, where we could also say \\\"She \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"will\"\n }), \" be busy now\\\" to make an assumption about the present.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Remember that with the right context, present tense can also be used to express the future.\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8065],{"id":8026,"title":8027,"mod":8028,"grammarPoint":8029,"grammarPointTitle":8027,"grammarPointDescription":8030,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8031,"similarGrammarPoints":8032,"tags":8066,"content":8039,"dependentGrammarPoints":8040,"language":6036},[6041,6870,7143],[8065],{"id":8069,"title":8070,"mod":8071,"grammarPoint":8072,"grammarPointTitle":8070,"grammarPointDescription":8073,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8074,"similarGrammarPoints":8075,"tags":8076,"content":8077,"dependentGrammarPoints":8078,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8079,"prereqPoints":8080},20556576515412,"-고 있을 것이다 - Future progressive",1755273430631,"future-progressive","Tense in Korean can be \"stacked,\" so you can create future progressive with -고 있다 + -ㄹ 것이다.",[7094,8026],[7094,8026],[6037,6866],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-고 있을 것이다 - Future progressive\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is possible to \\\"stack\\\" tenses in Korean. For example, we can combine -(으)ㄹ 것이다 with -고 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to create the future progressive tense. -(으)ㄹ 것이다 is used to either say that something will be happening in the future or express speculation about the present. You determine the exact meaning through context.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"목요일[$:nng] 2시[$:nnb]에[$:p] 저[$:np]는[$:p] 공항[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가고[가다:v::$:] 있을[있다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'll be going to the airport on Thursday at 2 o'clock.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl126-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 시간[$:nng]에[$:p] 시험[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보고[보다:v::$:] 있을[있다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will be taking a test at that time.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl126-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이미[$:maj] 이메일[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쓰고[쓰다:v::$:] 있을[있다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I expect) she's already writing an email.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl126-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아빠[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">걱정하고[걱정하다:v::$:] 있을[있다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"(I expect) Dad will be worrying.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl126-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stem + 고 있을 것이다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하고[하다:v::$:] 있을[있다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[$:p]\u003Cbr>\\n하고[하다:v::$:] 있을[있다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7150,8065],[7150,8065],{"id":8082,"title":8083,"mod":8084,"grammarPoint":8085,"grammarPointTitle":8083,"grammarPointDescription":8086,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8087,"similarGrammarPoints":8088,"tags":8089,"content":8090,"dependentGrammarPoints":8091,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8092,"prereqPoints":8093},20556576789912,"-았\u002F었을 것이다 - Must have",1756216459551,"must-have","Stacking past and future tense allows you to make an assumption about the past.",[6864,8054],[],[6037,6866],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-았\u002F었을 것이다 - Must have\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It might sound crazy, but you can also stack past tense (-았\u002F었) and future tense (-ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것[$:nnb]이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"). In this case you are only expressing conjecture about the past, -ㄹ does not refer to the future at all. -았\u002F었을 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것[$:nnb]이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"would have\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"must have.\"\n }), \" Another natural translation is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I'm sure\"\n }), \" (even though actually you're not 100% certain or you would have just used plain past tense).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할머니[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">좋아하셨을[좋아하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Grandma would have liked it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl127-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"우산[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가져왔을[가져오다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He must have brought an umbrella.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl127-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"귀신[$:nng] 이야기[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하고[하다:v::$:] 있었을[$:b] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She must have been talking about ghosts.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl127-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stem + 았\u002F었 + ㄹ 것이다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"했을[하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[$:p]\u003Cbr>\\n했을[하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[6884,8094],{"id":8054,"title":8055,"mod":8056,"grammarPoint":8057,"grammarPointTitle":8055,"grammarPointDescription":8058,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8059,"similarGrammarPoints":8060,"tags":8095,"content":8062,"dependentGrammarPoints":8063,"language":6036},[6041,7143,6870],{"id":7705,"title":8097,"mod":8098,"grammarPoint":8099,"grammarPointTitle":8097,"grammarPointDescription":8100,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8101,"similarGrammarPoints":8102,"tags":8104,"content":8105,"dependentGrammarPoints":8106,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8107,"prereqPoints":8118},"ㅎ Irregular",1756737569965,"h-irregular","ㅎ irregular is the most complicated conjugation in Korean - we walk you through it step by step!",[],[8103,7694],20557494494220,[6037,6458],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"ㅎ Irregular\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This irregular conjugation rule is the most complex one there is, but it only applies to very few words, not even all words with stems ending in ㅎ. So remembering these conjugations on a case-by-case basis may be the best plan.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When conjugating a ㅎ batchim stem adjective into the present tense, ㅎ is removed and the ending -아\u002F어 is added along with an extra ㅣ at the end.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"동그랗다 - to be round\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When ㅏ is followed by ㅣ, they combine to create ㅐ.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"동그라 + 아 + ㅣ → 동그래\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"눈[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">동그래요[동그랗다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Her eyes are round.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl128-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"빨갛다 - to be red\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"빨가 + 아 + ㅣ → 빨개\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"얼굴[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">빨개요[빨갛다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Your face is red.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl128-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"하얗다 - to be white\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When ㅑ is followed by ㅣ, they combine to create ㅒ.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"하야 + 아 + ㅣ → 하얘\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:mm] 폰[$:nnp]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하얘요[하얗다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My phone is white.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl128-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"누렇다 - to be murky yellow\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When ㅓ is followed by ㅣ, they combine to create ㅔ.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"누러 + 어 + ㅣ → 누레\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"왜[$:maj] 옷[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">누레[누렇다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why are the clothes yellowed?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl128-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"뿌옇다 - to be murky white, foggy\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When ㅕ is followed byㅣ, they are combined to create ㅖ.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"뿌여 + 어 + ㅣ → 뿌예\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"물[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">뿌예[뿌옇다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The water is murky.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl128-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Stem ending in ㅏ and ㅎ → + -아 + ㅣ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"빨갛다[빨갛다:a::$:] → 빨[$:nng]개[$:nng]\u003Cbr>\\n하얗다[하얗다:a::$:] → 하[$:nnp]얘[$:np]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n 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stop-color=\\\"#FF0\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".583\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Korean, the vowels ㅏ and ㅗ are considered bright vowels and ㅓ and ㅜ are considering dark vowels. Many color words have a form that uses bright vowels and a form that uses dark vowels. For instance, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"빨갛다[빨갛다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which contains bright vowels, describes a bright and cheerful red, whereas \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"뻘겋다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" decribes a deep, blood red. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"노랗다[노랗다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" describes a bright yellow like a lemon or a banana. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"누렇다[누렇다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" describes a deep, murky yellow, like stained teeth (pleasant things often use the bright version and unpleasant things the dark version). Looking at which vowels a color word uses will help you to guess the exact shade.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8108,7699],{"id":8103,"title":8109,"mod":8110,"grammarPoint":8111,"grammarPointTitle":8109,"grammarPointDescription":8112,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8113,"similarGrammarPoints":8114,"tags":8115,"content":8116,"dependentGrammarPoints":8117,"language":6036},"More about colors",1756221448631,"more-colors","Learn more about how to describe color, and how ㅎ irregulars behave as a noun modifier.",[7876,7705],[7705],[6041,6390],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"More about colors\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This lesson will teach you how to use colors as noun modifiers and as nouns.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Many color adjectives end in a ㅎ irregular form. In those cases, you remove the ㅎ and add -ㄴ.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">빨간[빨갛다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 수박[$:nng]을[$:p] 봤어요[보다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Did you see the red watermelon?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl129-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">노란[노랗다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 꽃[$:nng]을[$:p] 선[$:nng]물[$:sn]로[$:p] 받았어요[받다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I received yellow flowers as a present.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl129-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">시커먼[시커멓다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 연기[$:nng]를[$:p] 봤어요[보다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Did you see the black smoke?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl129-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Often the syllable \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"색[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"color,\"\n }), \" is added to color words. It can be added to the noun modifier form to turn them into nouns:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">노란색[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>을[$:p] 안[$:maj] 좋아해요[좋아하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't like yellow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl129-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Some color words are only nouns. They are mostly hanja-based or from English, and they can still be used to describe another noun.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">핑크색[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 청소기[$:nng] 너무[$:maj] 귀여워요[귀엽다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The pink vacuum is so cute.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl129-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보라색[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 꽃[$:nng] 주세요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Give me purple flowers.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl129-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Color stem ending in ㅎ + ㄴ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"빨갛다[빨갛다:a::$:] → 빨간[빨갛다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n하얗다[하얗다:a::$:] → 하얀[하얗다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Color noun modifier + 색\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"빨간색[$:nng]\u003Cbr>\\n핑크색[$:nng]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":8103,"title":8109,"mod":8110,"grammarPoint":8111,"grammarPointTitle":8109,"grammarPointDescription":8112,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8113,"similarGrammarPoints":8114,"tags":8120,"content":8116,"dependentGrammarPoints":8117,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8121,"prereqPoints":8124},[6037,6405],[8122],{"id":7705,"title":8097,"mod":8098,"grammarPoint":8099,"grammarPointTitle":8097,"grammarPointDescription":8100,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8101,"similarGrammarPoints":8102,"tags":8123,"content":8105,"dependentGrammarPoints":8106,"language":6036},[6041,6452],[7881,8122],{"id":8126,"title":8127,"mod":8128,"grammarPoint":8129,"grammarPointTitle":8127,"grammarPointDescription":8130,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8131,"similarGrammarPoints":8132,"tags":8133,"content":8134,"dependentGrammarPoints":8135,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8136,"prereqPoints":8139},20531439222708,"-게 Adverbs",1756222253322,"geh-adverbs","Adjectives can be used as adverbs by adding the ending -게 to their stem.",[6467],[6467],[6037,6475],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-게 Adverbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Adjectives can be used as adverbs by adding the ending -게 to their stem. This is similar to how we can add \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"-ly\"\n }), \" to an adjective in English to create an adverb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"짧다[짧다:a::$:]　→　짧게[짧다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"short → shortly, briefly\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">짧게[짧다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 말해[말하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tell me briefly.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl130-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"맛있다[맛있다:a::$:]　→　맛있게[맛있다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"delicious → deliciously\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">맛있게[맛있다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 드세요[드세다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Enjoy your meal (eat deliciously).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl130-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"예쁘다[예쁘다:a::$:]　→　예쁘게[예쁘다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"pretty → prettily\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">예쁘게[예쁘다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 입고[입다:v::$:] 와[오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Come dressed prettily.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl130-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"쉽다[쉽다:a::$:]　→　쉽게[쉽다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"easy → easily\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"게임[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쉽게[쉽다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이겼어[이기다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I won the game easily.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl130-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"길다[길다:a::$:]　→　길게[길다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"long → lengthily\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">길게[길다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 말하면[말하다:v::$:] 사람[$:nng]들[$:sn]이[$:p] 싫어해요[싫어하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you speak for a long time, people hate it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl130-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Some words have a different meaning in their adverb form than you might expect. For instance, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"크게[크다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (from \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"크다[크다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" - to be big) can mean loudly, not bigly.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"크게[크다:a::$:] 말해[말하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Speak loudly.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl130-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"adjective stem + 게\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"크게[크다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n쉽게[쉽다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8137],{"id":6467,"title":6468,"mod":6469,"grammarPoint":6470,"grammarPointTitle":6468,"grammarPointDescription":6471,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6472,"similarGrammarPoints":6473,"tags":8138,"content":6480,"dependentGrammarPoints":6481,"language":6036},[6041,6035,6479],[8137],{"id":7707,"title":8141,"mod":8142,"grammarPoint":8143,"grammarPointTitle":8141,"grammarPointDescription":8144,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8145,"similarGrammarPoints":8146,"tags":8147,"content":8148,"dependentGrammarPoints":8149,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8150,"prereqPoints":8151},"이렇다, 그렇다, 저렇다 - To be like this, that",1756737975129,"to-be-like-this","The most common ㅎ irregular adjectives are the ones that mean \"to be like this or that.\"",[6114,7705],[],[6037],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"이렇다, 그렇다, 저렇다 - To be like this, that\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There is another group of adjectives to which the ㅎ irregular rule applies, and they are some of the most common words in the Korean language - \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이렇다[이렇다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그렇다[그렇다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저렇다[저렇다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You may notice a pattern at the beginning of these words - \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:mm], 그[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and they mean what you think they mean. Combined with -렇다, these words mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be like this\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be like that.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"These words are so common and important, we're going to devote the next few lessons to them.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"왜[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이래[이렇다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why are you being like this?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl131-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 사람[$:nng]은[$:p] 어떻게[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그래요[그렇다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How can he be like that?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl131-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사장[$:nng]님[$:sn]은[$:p] 왜[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">저래요[저렇다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why is the boss like that?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl131-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"colloquial uses of 그래(요)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그래[그렇다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"(요) is very commonly used in spoken language, and it can be difficult to define exactly what it means. It can mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"okay,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"yeah,\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that's right.\"\n }), \" It can mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"really?\"\n }), \" when asked as a question. These usages all depend on context and tone of voice, but you will hear it so often you will quickly build up intuition for what it means when.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그래요[$:ic]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Really?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl131-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그래[$:ic].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Okay.\",\n audio: 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\"이러하다[이러하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그러하다[그러하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저러하다[저러하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but they are rarely used in those forms.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[6717,8122],{"id":8153,"title":8154,"mod":8155,"grammarPoint":8156,"grammarPointTitle":8154,"grammarPointDescription":8157,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8158,"similarGrammarPoints":8159,"tags":8160,"content":8161,"dependentGrammarPoints":8162,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8163,"prereqPoints":8176},20557552239036,"이렇게, 그렇게, 저렇게 - Like this, like that",1756738291384,"like-this-like-that","The adjective forms of 이렇다, 그렇다, and 저렇다 are 이렇게, 그렇게, and 저렇게. ",[8126,7707],[7707,7708],[6037,6475],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"이렇게, 그렇게, 저렇게 - Like this, like that\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The adverb forms of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이렇다[그렇다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그렇다[그렇다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저렇다[그렇다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이어게[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그렇게[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저렇게[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". They have the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"like this\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"like that.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이렇게[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 더운[덥다:a::$:] 여름[$:nng]은[$:p] 처음[$:nng]이야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I've never experienced such a hot summer.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl133-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"진짜[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그렇게[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 할[하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Are you really going to do it like that?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl133-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">저렇게[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 큰[크다:a::$:] 배[$:nng]는[$:p] 본[보다:v::$:] 적[$:nnb]이[$:p] 없어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I've never seen such a big ship like that.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl133-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8164,8166],{"id":7707,"title":8141,"mod":8142,"grammarPoint":8143,"grammarPointTitle":8141,"grammarPointDescription":8144,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8145,"similarGrammarPoints":8146,"tags":8165,"content":8148,"dependentGrammarPoints":8149,"language":6036},[6041],{"id":7708,"title":8167,"mod":8168,"grammarPoint":8169,"grammarPointTitle":8167,"grammarPointDescription":8170,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8171,"similarGrammarPoints":8172,"tags":8173,"content":8174,"dependentGrammarPoints":8175,"language":6036},"이런, 그런, 저런 - This kind of, that kind of",1756738063837,"this-kind-of","To use 이렇다, 그렇다, and 저렇다 as noun modifiers, drop the ㅎ and add ㄴ.",[7876],[7707,8153],[6041,6390],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"이런, 그런, 저런 - This kind of, that kind of\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이렇다[이렇다:a::$:], 그렇다[그렇다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저렇다[저렇다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as noun modifiers, drop the ㅎ and add ㄴ.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이런[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 영화[$:nng]는[$:p] 다시[$:maj] 보고[보다:v::$:] 싶지[$:b] 않아[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't want to see this kind of movie again.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl132-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그런[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 성격[$:nng]을[$:p] 안[$:maj] 좋아해요[좋아하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't like that kind of personality.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl132-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어떻게[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">저런[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 말[$:nng]을[$:p] 해요[하다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How can he say things like that?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl132-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8177,8164],{"id":8126,"title":8127,"mod":8128,"grammarPoint":8129,"grammarPointTitle":8127,"grammarPointDescription":8130,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8131,"similarGrammarPoints":8132,"tags":8178,"content":8134,"dependentGrammarPoints":8135,"language":6036},[6041,6479],{"id":7708,"title":8167,"mod":8168,"grammarPoint":8169,"grammarPointTitle":8167,"grammarPointDescription":8170,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8171,"similarGrammarPoints":8172,"tags":8180,"content":8174,"dependentGrammarPoints":8175,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8181,"prereqPoints":8184},[6037,6405],[8164,8182],{"id":8153,"title":8154,"mod":8155,"grammarPoint":8156,"grammarPointTitle":8154,"grammarPointDescription":8157,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8158,"similarGrammarPoints":8159,"tags":8183,"content":8161,"dependentGrammarPoints":8162,"language":6036},[6041,6479],[7881],{"id":7694,"title":7700,"mod":7701,"grammarPoint":7702,"grammarPointTitle":7700,"grammarPointDescription":7703,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7704,"similarGrammarPoints":7706,"tags":8186,"content":7710,"dependentGrammarPoints":7711,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8187,"prereqPoints":8188},[6037,6405],[8164,8166],[8189,8122],{"id":7687,"title":7688,"mod":7689,"grammarPoint":7690,"grammarPointTitle":7688,"grammarPointDescription":7691,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7692,"similarGrammarPoints":7693,"tags":8190,"content":7696,"dependentGrammarPoints":7697,"language":6036},[6041,6619],{"id":8192,"title":8193,"mod":8194,"grammarPoint":8195,"grammarPointTitle":8193,"grammarPointDescription":8196,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8197,"similarGrammarPoints":8198,"tags":8200,"content":8201,"dependentGrammarPoints":8202,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8203,"prereqPoints":8215},20558434455024,"도 - Also\u002Ftoo",1756738760023,"do-also","The particle 도 is added to a noun to add the meaning of \"too\" or \"also.\"",[],[8199],20565560669868,[6037],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"도 - Also\u002Ftoo\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"도[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to a noun to add the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"too\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"also.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"도[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" replaces other particles such as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\u002F는[$:p], 이[$:p]\u002F가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"을[$:p]\u002F를[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">도[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 그[$:mm] 만화[$:nng]를[$:p] 좋아해요[좋아하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I like that manhwa too.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl135-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"당구[$:nng]를[$:p] 자주[$:maj] 치고[치다:v::$:] 테니스[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">도[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 자주[$:maj] 쳐요[치다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I often play pool and often play tennis too.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl135-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In English, sentences using \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"too\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"also\"\n }), \" can be a little vague. If you say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I go to school too,\"\n }), \" do you mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I (and someone else) go to school\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I go to school (and some other place)\"\n }), \"? In Korean there is no vagueness because 도 attaches to the noun that it applies to.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"원숭이[$:nng]는[$:p] 고기[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">도[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 먹어요[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Monkeys eat meat too. (they eat plants and also meat)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl135-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"원숭이[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">도[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 고기[$:nng]를[$:p] 먹어요[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Monkeys eat meat too. (other animals eat meat, and so do monkeys)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl135-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun도\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"목[$:nng]도[$:p]\u003Cbr>\\n고기[$:nng]도[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8204],{"id":8199,"title":8205,"mod":8206,"grammarPoint":8207,"grammarPointTitle":8205,"grammarPointDescription":8208,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8209,"similarGrammarPoints":8210,"tags":8212,"content":8213,"dependentGrammarPoints":8214,"language":6036},"-아\u002F어도 - Even if",1757518933939,"eodo-even-if","Adding -도 to a conjugated verb or adjective stem indicates that the second clause will happen even though or even if the first clause happens.",[],[8211],20565560554860,[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어도 - Even if\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Adding -도 to a conjugated verb or adjective stem indicates that the second clause will happen \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"even though\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"even if\"\n }), \" the first clause happens. Even if you're not ready, let's look at some examples.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"케이크[$:nng]는[$:p] 하루[$:nng] 이틀[$:nng] 냉장고[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">둬도[두다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 괜찮아요[괜찮다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's okay even if you leave cake in the fridge for a day or two.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl189-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아무리[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">급해도[급하다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 신호등[$:nng]은[$:p] 지켜야[지키다:v::$:] 합니다[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even if you're in a hurry, you need to wait for the light to change.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl189-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이건[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">줘도[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 안[$:maj] 가져[가지다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even if you give it to me, I'm not taking it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl189-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You might be a little confused if you know that adding -도 to a noun means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"too,\"\n }), \" but it is best to think of -아\u002F어도 as an entirely different grammar form.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"conjugated stem + 도\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"해도[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n늦어도[늦다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n가도[가다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":8217,"title":8218,"mod":8219,"grammarPoint":8220,"grammarPointTitle":8218,"grammarPointDescription":8221,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8222,"similarGrammarPoints":8223,"tags":8224,"content":8225,"dependentGrammarPoints":8226,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8227,"prereqPoints":8228},20558434660248,"하나도, 전혀, 별로 - At all",1756739257808,"at-all-adverbs","This lesson will look at a few useful adverbs which are used to emphasize negative verbs.",[6467,8192],[],[6037,6475,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"하나도, 전혀, 별로 - At all\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This lesson will look at a few useful adverbs which are used to emphasize negative verbs.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"하나도\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하나[$:nr]도[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is not a word in its own right, but the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하나[$:nr]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (1) with the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"도[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Literally it means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"even one\"\n }), \" but it is used with negative verbs and adjectives to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"not any\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"not at all.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"웃기는[웃기다:v::$:] 장면[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하나[$:nr]도[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 없었어[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There weren't any funny scenes at all.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl136-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"기계[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하나[$:nr]도[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 몰라요[모르다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't know anything about machines at all.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl136-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"전혀\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The adverb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"전혀[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means at all, completely, absolutely. It is usually used with negative verbs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">전혀[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 걱정할[걱정하다:v::$:] 필요[$:nng]가[$:p] 없어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There is absolutely no reason to worry.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl136-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"일주일[$:nng] 동안[$:nng] 게임[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">전혀[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 하지[하다:v::$:] 않았어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"For a week, I didn't play games at all.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl136-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"전혀[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used with just one positive adjective, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"다르다[다르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"totally different.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"캐나다[$:nnp] 날씨[$:nng]는[$:p] 호주[$:nnp]랑[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">전혀[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 달라요[다르다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Canada and Australia have totally different weather.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl136-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"별로\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"별로[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is an adverb that means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"particularly.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">별로[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 제[$:mm] 취향[$:nng]은[$:p] 아니에요[아니다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's not really my taste.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl136-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친한[친하다:a::$:] 친구[$:nng]들[$:sn]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">별로[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 없어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't really have any close friends.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl136-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"별로[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is frequently used colloquially to mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"not good\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"lame.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 드라마[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">별로[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong>였어[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That drama was meh.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl136-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[8137,8229],{"id":8192,"title":8193,"mod":8194,"grammarPoint":8195,"grammarPointTitle":8193,"grammarPointDescription":8196,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8197,"similarGrammarPoints":8198,"tags":8230,"content":8201,"dependentGrammarPoints":8202,"language":6036},[6041],{"id":8232,"title":8233,"mod":8234,"grammarPoint":8235,"grammarPointTitle":8233,"grammarPointDescription":8236,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8237,"similarGrammarPoints":8238,"tags":8240,"content":8241,"dependentGrammarPoints":8242,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8243,"prereqPoints":8255},20558434857276,"-고 싶다 - To want",1756739490992,"go-shipda-to-want","-고 싶다 is added to a verb to say you want to do that verb.",[6070,6245],[8239],20573899727604,[6037,7105],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-고 싶다 - To want\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The expression \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-고 싶다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to a verb to state that the speaker wants to do the act mentioned in the preceding statement. It corresponds to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"want to\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"바다[$:nng]에서[$:p] 신나게[신나다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">놀고[놀다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to have fun playing in the ocean.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl137-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"외국[$:nng]에서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">살고[살다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want live in a foreign country.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl136-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"무서운[무섭다:a::$:] 이야기[$:nng]는[$:p] 안[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">듣고[듣다:v::$:] 싶어[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't want to hear a scary story.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl137-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Korean also has a verb meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to want\"\n }), \" - \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"원하다[원하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but it is used far less frequently when simply stating what you want. But just to be thorough, here is an example of how it works.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"우리[$:np]는[$:p] 그냥[$:maj] 평화[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">원해요[원하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We just want peace.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl137-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When people say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"보고[보다:v::$:] 싶다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" about a person, while the literal meaning is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I want to see,\"\n }), \" it is generally translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I miss.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"엄마[$:nng] 보고[보다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I miss mom.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl137-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"을\u002F를 or 이\u002F가\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-고 싶다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in a clause with an object, you can either use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"을[$:p]\u002F를[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"or\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:p]\u002F가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"농구[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">를[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 하고[하다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to play basketball.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl137-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Since basketball is the object of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you can use the object marker \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"를[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"However, it might surprise you to know that you can also say:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"농구[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 하고[하다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to play basketball.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl137-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The reason for this is that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">-고 싶다[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is an adjective (to be wanted), and sentences that end in adjectives need a subject, just like the sentence \\\"the baby is cute\\\" - \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아기[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">가[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 귀여워요[귀엽다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When you say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"농구[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">가[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 하고[하다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you are emphasizing that it is \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"basketball\"\n }), \" you want to play, not something else. So when you say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"빵[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">을[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 만들고[만들다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you are not exactly saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I want to make bread.\"\n }), \" You are saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Making bread is the thing I want.\"\n }), \" There's no place in this structure to actually put \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:p]\u002F가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but nonetheless, \\\"making bread\\\" is the subject.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"pro tip\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"So how do you know which version to use? Think about it like this. If someone asks \\\"What should we eat?\\\" or \\\"what should we watch?\\\" you should probably answer \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"치킨[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">이[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 먹고 싶어[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"영화[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">가[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 보고[보다:v::$:] 싶다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The focus is not so much on eating or watching, which you already have planned, but \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"what\"\n }), \" you eat or watch. Even when not answering a question, the important part of sentences like these is the chicken or movie. Korean learners very often use the object marker here because it feels logical, but actually it is more natural to use the subject marker.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + -고 싶다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가고[가다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b]\u003Cbr>\\n빵[$:nng]을[$:p] 만들고[만들다:v::$:] 싶다[$:b]\u003Cbr>\\n빵[$:nng]이[$:p] 만들고[만들다:v::$:] 싶다[$:b]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8244],{"id":8239,"title":8245,"mod":8246,"grammarPoint":8247,"grammarPointTitle":8245,"grammarPointDescription":8248,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8249,"similarGrammarPoints":8251,"tags":8252,"content":8253,"dependentGrammarPoints":8254,"language":6036},"-(으)ㄹ래요 - I want to do",1758298662025,"lleyo-i-want-to","-(으)ㄹ래요 can be used to state your intention or desire to do something.",[8250],20573899606440,[8232],[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)ㄹ래요 - I want to do\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"While -ㄹ래(요) used as a question asks if the listener wants to do something, when used as a statement it indicates the speaker's intention or desire to do something. It is very similar to -고 싶다 when used in the first person.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:nng]은[$:p] 피곤[$:nng]해서[$:sv] 좀[$:maj] 일찍[$:maj] 가서[가다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쉴래요[쉬다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm tired today so I want to leave a bit early and rest.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl250-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"다음[$:nng] 달[$:nng]부터[$:p] 운동[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">시작할래요[시작하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm going to exercise starting from next month.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl250-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] 커피[$:nng] 대신[$:nng] 차[$:nnb] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">마실래요[마시다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm going to drink tea instead of coffee.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl250-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb + ㄹ래(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"갈래[$:nng]\u003Cbr>\\n읽을래요[읽다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n팔래[팔다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6913,6394],{"id":8257,"title":8258,"mod":8259,"grammarPoint":8260,"grammarPointTitle":8258,"grammarPointDescription":8261,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8262,"similarGrammarPoints":8263,"tags":8265,"content":8266,"dependentGrammarPoints":8267,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8268,"prereqPoints":8280},20558435556708,"-지만 - But",1756740268829,"jiman-but","The connective ending -지만 is added to the stem of a verb or adjective to state a fact and then add another fact that is the opposite or contradictory.",[],[8264],20569921083228,[6037,7592],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-지만 - But\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The connective ending -지만 is added to the stem of a verb, adjective, or 이다 to state a fact and then add another fact that is the opposite or contradictory. It corresponds to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"but\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"옛날[$:nng] 노래[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">지만[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 지금[$:nng]도[$:p] 자주[$:maj] 들어요[들다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's an old song, but I still listen to it often.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl138-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여름[$:nng] 옷[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이지만[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 가을[$:nng]에[$:p]도[$:p] 입[$:nng]을[$:p] 수[$:nnb] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"They are summer clothes, but you can wear them in fall too.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl138-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">싸지만[싸다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 맛있어요[맛있다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's cheap, but delicious.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl138-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-지만 can also be used with a verb or adjective in other tenses.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 때[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">괜찮았지만[괜찮다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 지금[$:nng]은[$:p] 약[$:nng]을[$:p] 먹고[먹다:v::$:] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was fine back then, but I'm taking medication now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl138-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"일주일[$:nng] 동안[$:nng] 매일[$:maj] 바다[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">나갔지만[나가다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 돌고래[$:nng]는[$:p] 못[$:maj] 봤어요[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went to the ocean every day for a week, but I didn't see a dolphin.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl138-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Stem + 지만\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하지만[$:mag]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Stem in the past tense + 지만\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"했지만[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8269],{"id":8264,"title":8270,"mod":8271,"grammarPoint":8272,"grammarPointTitle":8270,"grammarPointDescription":8273,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8274,"similarGrammarPoints":8275,"tags":8277,"content":8278,"dependentGrammarPoints":8279,"language":6036},"-는데 - Background information",1762528556382,"neunde-background-info","-는데 is a clause connector which is used for providing background information in the first clause that is relevant to the second clause.",[6047,6369,6376],[7584,8257,8276],20568891773640,[6041,7596],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-는데 - Background information\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-는데 is a clause connector which is used for providing background information in the first clause that is relevant to the second clause. It is pretty flexible when used like this, and can be translated to \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"but\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"and,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"so,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"though,\"\n }), \" or even written as two sentences in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Its form changes slightly depending on if it is used with a verb or adjective, and it can come after tense markers.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"with verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When it follows a verb, it takes the form -는데.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng]가[$:p] 지금[$:maj] 오고[오다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">있는데[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 좀[$:maj]만[$:p] 더[$:maj] 기다려[기다리다:v::$:] 줄래[$:b]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My friend is coming, so will you wait just a bit longer?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl232-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어제[$:maj] 늦게[늦다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">잤는데[자다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 오늘[$:maj] 아침[$:nng]에[$:p] 일찍[$:maj] 일어났어[일어나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went to bed late yesterday, and I got up early this morning.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl232-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"with 이다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Combined with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" it becomes 인데, although abbreviations are sometimes used. For example, the correct way to write 아빠 + 인데 is 아빠인데, but it is also commonly shortened to 아빤데 in speech and casual writing. When -는데 is combined with future tense -ㄹ 것이다 (which contains \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") it becomes -ㄹ 것인데 or -ㄹ 건데.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내일[$:nng]이[$:p] 친구[$:nng] 생일[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">인데[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 선물[$:nng]을[$:p] 아직[$:maj] 못[$:maj] 샀어[사다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's my friend's birthday today, but I haven't bought a present yet.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl232-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 사람[$:nng]은[$:p] 내[$:np]가[$:p] 예전[$:nng]에[$:p] 같이[$:maj] 일[$:nng]했던[$:sv] 동료[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">인데[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 유[$:nnp]튜브[$:nnp] 채널[$:nng]을[$:p] 만들었대[만들다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That person is a colleague I used work with. I heard he started a YouTube channel.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl232-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"with adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When -는데 attaches to an adjective it takes the form of -ㄴ\u002F은데.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"배[$:nng]가[$:p] 너무[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">고픈데[고프다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 냉장고[$:nng]에[$:p] 먹을[먹다:v::$:] 게[$:nnb] 하나[$:nr]도[$:p] 없네[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm so hungry, but there's not one thing to eat in the fridge.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl232-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"신발[$:nng]이[$:p] 너무[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">예쁜데[예쁘다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 어디[$:np]서[$:p] 샀어요[사다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Those shoes are so pretty! Where did you buy them?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl232-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Remember that some -하다 words are verbs and some are adjectives. Make sure you add -는데 to -하다 verbs like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"수영하다[수영하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to swim\"\n }), \":\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"수영하다[수영하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"수영하는데[수영하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"and -ㄴ데 to adjectives like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"유명하다[유명하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be famous\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"유명하다[유명하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" → \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"유명한데[유명하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb + 는데\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하는데[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n했는데[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun + 인데\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"학생[$:nng]인데[이다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"adjective + -ㄴ데\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"유명한데[유명하다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n많은데[많다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":8282,"title":8283,"mod":8284,"grammarPoint":8285,"grammarPointTitle":8283,"grammarPointDescription":8286,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8287,"similarGrammarPoints":8288,"tags":8290,"content":8291,"dependentGrammarPoints":8292,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8293,"prereqPoints":8304},20558435717736,"-아\u002F어 보다 - To try",1756740486125,"to-give-a-try","The expression -아\u002F어 보다 is added to a verb to say that you did something and saw what it was like. It equates to \"try out\" in English.",[],[8289],20583441821220,[6037,7105],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어 보다 - To try\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The expression -아\u002F어 보다 is added to a verb to say that you did something and saw what it was like. It equates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"try out\"\n }), \" in English. It's used when you want to tell someone to try some new experience, or to say that you tried something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This grammar is not used to say that you tried to do something and failed - you have to have actually experienced doing it.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] 이[$:mm] 게임[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">해[하다:v::$:] 봤어요[보다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I tried playing that game.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl139-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:np]가[$:p] 친구[$:nng]한테[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">물어봤어요[물어보다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I asked that friend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl139-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"악어[$:nng] 고기[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">먹어[먹다:v::$:] 봤어요[보다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Have you tried alligator?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl139-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"정신병원[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가[가다:v::$:] 보세요[보다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Try going to a mental hospital.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl139-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: 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\"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"주다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8294],{"id":8289,"title":8295,"mod":8296,"grammarPoint":8297,"grammarPointTitle":8295,"grammarPointDescription":8298,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8299,"similarGrammarPoints":8300,"tags":8301,"content":8302,"dependentGrammarPoints":8303,"language":6036},"-ㄴ 적이 있다 - To have experienced",1758895738953,"jeok-to-have-experienced","적 is a bound 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More simply speaking, it is used to say you have done or have experienced something.",[6811,8282,7889],[8282],[6041,7143],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-ㄴ 적이 있다 - To have experienced\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"적 is a bound noun that refers to a time that something happened. 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_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Comes from\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"먹어\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"먹다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to eat\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"본\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-어 보다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"grammar form indicating an experience doing something, with past tense noun modifier ending\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"적\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"적\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"bound noun referring to a time something happened\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"이\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"이\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"subject marker\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"없어\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"없다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to not exist\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"요\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"요\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"adds politeness towards the listener\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":8306,"title":8307,"mod":8308,"grammarPoint":8309,"grammarPointTitle":8307,"grammarPointDescription":8310,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8311,"similarGrammarPoints":8312,"tags":8314,"content":8315,"dependentGrammarPoints":8316,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8317,"prereqPoints":8328},20558774236368,"처럼 - Like",1756741456355,"churum-like","The particle 처럼 is use to say something is the same as or similar to something else.",[],[8313],20558774138148,[6037,6079],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"처럼 - Like\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"처럼[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is use to say something is the same as or similar to something else. It's used in form \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, like \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>, does\u002Fis.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"처럼[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" verb\u002Fadj\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"TV 방송국[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">처럼[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 방송하는[방송하다:v::$:] 유튜버들이[$:] 많아요[많다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are many YouTubers who broadcast like TV stations.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl140-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"고양이[$:nng]가[$:p] 저[$:np]를[$:p] 그림자[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">처럼[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 따라[따르다:v::$:] 다녀요[다니다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The cat follows me like my shadow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl140-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"술[$:nng]을[$:p] 물[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">처럼[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 마셔요[마시다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He drinks alcohol like it's water.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl140-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun처럼\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"소[$:]처럼[$:p]\u003Cbr>\\n물[$:nng]처럼[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8318],{"id":8313,"title":8319,"mod":8320,"grammarPoint":8321,"grammarPointTitle":8319,"grammarPointDescription":8322,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8323,"similarGrammarPoints":8324,"tags":8325,"content":8326,"dependentGrammarPoints":8327,"language":6036},"같이 - Like, together",1756741876223,"gachi-like-together","The word 같이 can be used as a particle meaning \"like\" or as an adverb meaning \"together.\"",[8306],[8306],[6041,6082,6479],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"같이 - Like, together\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another particle for \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"like\"\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"같이[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It has the exact same meaning and is used as frequently as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"처럼[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아이스크림[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">같이[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 차가운[차갑다:a::$:] 음식[$:nng]은[$:p] 일주일[$:nng] 동안[$:nng] 먹지[먹다:v::$:] 마세요[말다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don't eat cold foods like ice cream for one week.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl141-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"브라질[$:nnp]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">같이[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 먼[멀다:a::$:] 곳[$:nng]은[$:p] 여행하기[여행하다:v::$:] 어려워요[어렵다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's difficult travelling to far places like Brazil.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl141-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"스무[$:mm] 살[$:nnb]까지[$:p] 바보[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">같이[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 살았어요[살다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Until I was twenty, I lived like an idiot.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl141-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"같이[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is both a particle and an adverb. In the adverb form it does not attach directly to a noun and can mean either like \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"or\"\n }), \" together. You use \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"and\"\n }), \" on the noun that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"같이[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is referring to.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여동생이랑 \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">같이\u003C\u002Fstrong> 왔어요.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I came with my younger sibling.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl141-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"다[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">같이[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 갈까요[가다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Shall we all go together?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl141-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지금[$:nng]은[$:p] 친구[$:nng]랑[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">같이[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 일[$:nng]하고[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Right now I'm working with a friend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl141-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun같이\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"눈[$:nng]같이[$:p]\u003Cbr>\\n도서관[$:nng]같이[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun(이랑\u002F과\u002F하고) 같이\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가족[$:nng]이랑[$:p] 같이[$:maj]\u003Cbr>\\n치즈[$:nng]과[$:nng] 같이[$:maj]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":8313,"title":8319,"mod":8320,"grammarPoint":8321,"grammarPointTitle":8319,"grammarPointDescription":8322,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8323,"similarGrammarPoints":8324,"tags":8330,"content":8326,"dependentGrammarPoints":8327,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8331,"prereqPoints":8334},[6037,6079,6475],[8332],{"id":8306,"title":8307,"mod":8308,"grammarPoint":8309,"grammarPointTitle":8307,"grammarPointDescription":8310,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8311,"similarGrammarPoints":8312,"tags":8333,"content":8315,"dependentGrammarPoints":8316,"language":6036},[6041,6082],[8332],{"id":8336,"title":8337,"mod":8338,"grammarPoint":8339,"grammarPointTitle":8337,"grammarPointDescription":8340,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8341,"similarGrammarPoints":8342,"tags":8344,"content":8345,"dependentGrammarPoints":8346,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8347,"prereqPoints":8358},20559272722920,"-지 말다 - Don't",1756742261962,"ji-malda","The grammar form -지 말다 is used to tell someone not to do something.",[7767],[8343],20559273167424,[6037,7105],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-지 말다 - Don't\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The grammar form -지 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"말다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to tell someone not to do something. This lesson will explain how to use this grammar in different levels of formality.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"반말\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In banmal, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"말다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is generally said as 마 instead of 말아 like you would expect.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가지[가다:v::$:] 마[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don't go!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl142-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그런[$:mm] 영화[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보지[보다:v::$:] 마[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don't watch that kind of movie.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl142-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"요 form\"\n })\n }), 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class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">타지[타다:v::$:] 마요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don't take a black cab.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl142-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Since directly telling someone not to do something is not terribly polite in the first place, this form is only used with people who you are quite close to, but for whatever reason you aren't on banmal terms with.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"-세요 form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Adding -세요 to this form makes the feeling of command 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Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If we break down \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하지[하다:v::$:] 마세요[말다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" into individual componants, we can see what meaning they each give.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Componant\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Comes from\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"하\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to do\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"지\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"지\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Prohibits or denies something\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"마\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"말다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"stop, choose not to do\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"세\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"시\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"adds respect for the subject of the verb or adj.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"요\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"요\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"adds politeness towards the listener\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-지 말다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is not really used in the form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-지 말아[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", probably because it sounds like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-지 마라[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", a strong command form you will learn later. However, it is commonly used in songs.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8348],{"id":8343,"title":8349,"mod":8350,"grammarPoint":8351,"grammarPointTitle":8349,"grammarPointDescription":8352,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8353,"similarGrammarPoints":8354,"tags":8355,"content":8356,"dependentGrammarPoints":8357,"language":6036},"그만 - Stop",1756742724564,"geuman-stop","그만 is used to tell someone to stop doing something, or to say you quit.",[8336],[8336],[6041,6035],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"그만 - Stop\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another way to say you are stopping doing something, or to tell someone to stop doing something is to use the adverb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그만[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"잔소리[$:nng] 좀[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그만[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 해요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please stop nagging.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl143-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사탕[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그만[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 먹어[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Stop eating candy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl143-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그만[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 놀고[놀다:v::$:] 공부해[공부하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Stop playing and study.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl143-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그만[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also used as a verb in the form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그만하다[그만하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to stop\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to quit\"\n }), \" doing something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그만해[그만하다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Stop it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl143-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Though it usually translates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"stop,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그만[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" actually means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"up to here\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that's enough.\"\n }), \" Because this is the actual meaning, you might see it in places where \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"stop\"\n }), \" doesn't make sense. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그만[$:maj] 가세요[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" usually doesn't mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"stop going,\"\n }), \" but rather \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that's enough, go.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그만[$:maj] 가세요[가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That's enough, just go.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl143-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"그만 + verb\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그만[$:maj] 먹어[먹다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"그만하다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그만해[그만하다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7818],{"id":8343,"title":8349,"mod":8350,"grammarPoint":8351,"grammarPointTitle":8349,"grammarPointDescription":8352,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8353,"similarGrammarPoints":8354,"tags":8360,"content":8356,"dependentGrammarPoints":8357,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8361,"prereqPoints":8364},[6037,6031],[8362],{"id":8336,"title":8337,"mod":8338,"grammarPoint":8339,"grammarPointTitle":8337,"grammarPointDescription":8340,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8341,"similarGrammarPoints":8342,"tags":8363,"content":8345,"dependentGrammarPoints":8346,"language":6036},[6041,7072],[8362],{"id":8366,"title":8367,"mod":8368,"grammarPoint":8369,"grammarPointTitle":8367,"grammarPointDescription":8370,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8371,"similarGrammarPoints":8372,"tags":8374,"content":8375,"dependentGrammarPoints":8376,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8377,"prereqPoints":8378},20559272900544,"말고 - Instead",1756743051063,"malgo-instead","-지 말고 is a clause connector meaning \"not\" or \"don't.\"",[8336],[8336,8373],20761468296132,[6037,7592],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"말고 - Instead\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is possible to use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"말다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as a clause connector, not just as a sentence ending. One way to do this is in the form -지 말고. When used like this it means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"don't do \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">A\u003C\u002Fstrong>, do \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">B\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"with verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">흔들리지[흔들리다:v::$:] 말고[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 집중해[집중하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don't waver, concentrate.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl144-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"게임[$:nng]만[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하지[하다:v::$:] 말고[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 숙제[$:nng] 좀[$:maj] 해[하다:v::$:]!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don't just play games, please do your homework!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl144-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"with nouns\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"말고[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used with nouns.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"우리나라[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">말고[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 외국[$:nng]으로[$:p] 여행하고[여행하다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to travel in a foreign country, not our country.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl144-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 색깔[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">말고[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 다른[$:mm] 것[$:nnb]도[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Not this color, do you have a different color too?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl144-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"소파[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">말고[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 침대[$:nng]에서[$:p] 자[$:nnb].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Sleep in bed, not on the sofa.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl144-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In casual speech, you can even just say the first part of the sentence.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이거[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">말고[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Not this!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl144-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + 지 말고\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하지[하다:v::$:] 말고[$:b]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 말고\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"너[$:np] 말고[$:b]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8362],[8362],{"id":8380,"title":8381,"mod":8382,"grammarPoint":8383,"grammarPointTitle":8381,"grammarPointDescription":8384,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8385,"similarGrammarPoints":8386,"tags":8387,"content":8388,"dependentGrammarPoints":8389,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8390,"prereqPoints":8391},20559273608304,"마다 - Each",1756744189524,"mada-each","The particle 마다 is added to a noun to say \"each\" or \"every.\"",[],[],[6037,6079],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"마다 - Each\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"마다[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to a noun to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"each\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"every.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여름[$:nng] 방학[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">마다[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 제주도[$:nnp]에[$:p] 갔어요[가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went to Jeju every summer vacation.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl146-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"인터뷰[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">마다[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이야기[$:nng]가[$:p] 달랐어[다르다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The story was different in every interview.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl146-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"약[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">마다[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 같이[$:maj] 먹으면[먹다:v::$:] 안[$:maj] 되는[되다:v::$:] 약[$:nng]이[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"For every medicine, there are medicines that you shouldn’t take with it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl146-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun마다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"집[$:nng]마다[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":8393,"title":8394,"mod":8395,"grammarPoint":8396,"grammarPointTitle":8394,"grammarPointDescription":8397,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8398,"similarGrammarPoints":8399,"tags":8400,"content":8401,"dependentGrammarPoints":8402,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8403,"prereqPoints":8404},20762438821836,"Konglish",1756999417195,"konglish","Korean has many words borrowed from English, but they don't always mean what you think they mean. ",[],[],[6037,6031,6330],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Konglish\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Korean has many words borrowed from English, but they don't always mean what you think they mean. Here are just a few examples.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"service\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"서비스[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", from \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"service\"\n }), \", refers to a free item, like a free sample in a shop, or a free appetizer or side dish at a restaurant.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"감자[$:nng] 튀김[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">서비스[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>로[$:p] 주셨어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"They gave me french fries for free.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl147-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"menu\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"메뉴[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" refers not just to the list of foods a restaurant serves, but to specific dishes or menu items. So Koreans might say \\\"this restaurant has a lot of good menus.\\\"\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"혹시[$:maj] 추천하는[추천하다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">메뉴[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>가[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Is there perhaps a dish you would recommend?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl147-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"self\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"셀프[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"self-service\"\n }), \". There will often be signs in restaurants saying that water is self-service.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"물[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">셀프[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Water is self-serve.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl147-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"schedule\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"스케줄[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" refers to individual items on a schedule, like an appointment.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오후[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">스케쥴[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이[$:p] 또[$:maj] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I have another thing to do in the afternoon.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl147-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"over\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오버[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", from \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"over\"\n }), \" means to overreact.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"너무[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">오버[$:nng]하지[$:sv] 마[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don't overreact too much.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl147-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"black box\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"블랙박스[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"black box\"\n }), \" is used to refer to a dash cam in a car, not just an airplane flight recorder.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사고[$:nng] 장면[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">블랙박스[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 찍혔어요[찍히다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The scene of the accident was recorded by the dash cam.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl147-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"sign\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사인[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"sign\"\n }), \" can refer to a signature or autograph.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"연예인[$:nng]한테[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">사인[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 받았어요[받다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I received an autograph from a celebrity.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl147-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"one plus one\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"원프러스원[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"one plus one\"\n }), \", means buy-one-get-one-free (BOGO).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 메뉴[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">원플러스원[$:nnp]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This menu item is buy-one-get-one-free.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl147-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":7403,"title":8406,"mod":8407,"grammarPoint":8408,"grammarPointTitle":8406,"grammarPointDescription":8409,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8410,"similarGrammarPoints":8411,"tags":8413,"content":8414,"dependentGrammarPoints":8415,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8416,"prereqPoints":8428},"-(으)ㄹ 수 있다 - Can",1756998584019,"r-su-itda-can","-(으)ㄹ 수 있다 is a grammar pattern meaning something is possible. It equates to \"can\" in English.",[6811],[7381,8412],20559516276924,[6037,8035],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)ㄹ 수 있다 - Can\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The expression -(으)ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"수[$:nnb] 있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to the stem of a verb to indicate that the act or state mentioned in the preceding statement is possible. 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\"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can learn a different language too.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl148-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can change the tense by changing the tense of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"잘[$:maj] 검색하면[검색하다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">찾을[찾다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 있을[있다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n 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individual componants, we can see why.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Componant\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Comes from\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"하\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"하다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", 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children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"요\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"요\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"adds politeness for the listener\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7397,8417],{"id":8412,"title":8418,"mod":8419,"grammarPoint":8420,"grammarPointTitle":8418,"grammarPointDescription":8421,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8422,"similarGrammarPoints":8423,"tags":8425,"content":8426,"dependentGrammarPoints":8427,"language":6036},"-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다\u002F모르다 - To know how to",1757000492271,"r-jul-alda-know-how","The expression -(으)ㄹ 줄 알다\u002F모르다 is added to a verb stem to indicate that one knows how to do a certain thing, or that one doesn't know how.",[],[7081,7049,7381,8424],20613471227052,[6041,7143],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) 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translation: \"I don't know how to play baduk (go).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl152-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"당구[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">칠[치다:v::$:] 줄[$:nnb] 몰라요[모르다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don't you know how to play pool?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl152-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: 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\"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to do\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ㄹ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ㄹ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"expresses future tense or possibility\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"줄[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"줄[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"a bound noun meaning method or content\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"알[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"알다[알다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to know\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아[$:ic]\u002F어[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"conjugated verb stem\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6839],{"id":7381,"title":7398,"mod":7399,"grammarPoint":7400,"grammarPointTitle":7398,"grammarPointDescription":7401,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7402,"similarGrammarPoints":7404,"tags":8430,"content":7406,"dependentGrammarPoints":7407,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8431,"prereqPoints":8432},[6037,8035],[7986,7075],[8433],{"id":7403,"title":8406,"mod":8407,"grammarPoint":8408,"grammarPointTitle":8406,"grammarPointDescription":8409,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8410,"similarGrammarPoints":8411,"tags":8434,"content":8414,"dependentGrammarPoints":8415,"language":6036},[6041,7143],{"id":8424,"title":8436,"mod":8437,"grammarPoint":8438,"grammarPointTitle":8436,"grammarPointDescription":8439,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8440,"similarGrammarPoints":8441,"tags":8443,"content":8444,"dependentGrammarPoints":8445,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8446,"prereqPoints":8458},"-(으)ㄹ 수도 있다 - Might",1756999772204,"r-sudo-itda-might","Adding 도 to -ㄹ 수 있다 changes the meaning to \"might.\"",[7403],[7403,8442],20567495749560,[6037,8035],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)ㄹ 수도 있다 - Might\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"By adding the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"도[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to -(으)ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"수[$:nnb] 있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it changes the meaning from \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"ability\"\n }), \" to \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"possibility\"\n }), \". It would be rather unnatural to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it can snow tomorrow\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"내일[$:nng] 눈[$:nng]이[$:p] 올[$:mm] 수[$:nnb]도[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"). It makes more sense to say that snow is one of a number of possible things that can happen by using -\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"도[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This grammar forms equates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it might.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"갑자기[$:maj] 날씨[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">추워질[추워지다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb]도[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The weather might get cold suddenly.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl150-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] 회의[$:nng]가[$:p] 예상[$:nng]보다[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">길어질[길다:a::$:] 수[$:nnb]도[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Today's meeting might go longer than we expect.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl150-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This grammar is commonly used with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그렇다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be like that\"\n }), \", and it means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"that could be the case,\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"could be\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그럴[그렇다:a::$:] 수[$:nnb]도[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That could be.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl150-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ㄹ 수도 있다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할[하다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb]도[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8433,8447],{"id":8442,"title":8448,"mod":8449,"grammarPoint":8450,"grammarPointTitle":8448,"grammarPointDescription":8451,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8452,"similarGrammarPoints":8454,"tags":8455,"content":8456,"dependentGrammarPoints":8457,"language":6036},"-(으)ㄹ지도 모르다 - Might",1757519660981,"euljido-moreuda-might","This lessons teaches how to express that something \"might\" be possible in Korean.",[8192,8453],20565560340792,[8424],[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)ㄹ지도 모르다 - Might\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The grammar form -ㄹ지 모르다 means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I don't know if it will.\"\n }), \" By adding -도 to this grammar, the meaning changes to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it might.\"\n }), \" That is, it expresses the speaker's uncertainty about whether something will happen, or whether something is a certain state.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] 눈[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">올지도[오다:v::$:] 몰라[모르다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It might snow today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl191-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지금[$:maj] 배터리[$:nng]가[$:p] 없어서[없다:a::$:] 곧[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">꺼질지도[꺼지다:v::$:] 몰라요[모르다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I have no battery now so it might turn off soon.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl191-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"건물[$:nng] 안[$:nng]에[$:p] 아직[$:maj] 사람[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">있을지도[있다:v::$:] 몰라[모르다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There might still be people in the building.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl191-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is usually more polite to express \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"모르다[모르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as 모르겠어(요), but in this grammar form it is okay to use 몰라(요) without sounding rude.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The past tense can be used before this grammar as -았\u002F었을지도 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"모르다[모르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 우유[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">상했을지도[상하다:v::$:] 몰라요[모르다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That milk might be spoiled.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl191-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"벌써[$:maj] 인터넷[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">올렸을지도[올리다:v::$:] 몰라[모르다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It might have already been posted on the internet.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl191-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"-ㄹ 수도 있다 vs -ㄹ지도 모르다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Both -(으)ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"수[$:nnb]도[$:p] 있다[있다:v::$:] and -(으)ㄹ지도 모르다[모르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are often translated to \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"might\"\n }), \" in English, and they are usually interchangable, with only a slight difference in tone.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"With -(으)ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"수[$:nnb]도[$:p] 있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" you are saying that there is a way or case (수) where something could happen. It gives a logical and factual feeling that a possibility exists.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-(으)ㄹ지 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"모르다[모르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is closer to an uncertain \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"maybe\"\n }), \" feeling. It is more likely to be used when the thing that might happen is negative in some way, and you are concerned about it. It gives a more uncertain and emotional feeling.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stem + ㄹ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할지도[하다:v::$:] 몰라요[모르다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n했을지도[하다:v::$:] 몰라[모르다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8433],{"id":8460,"title":8461,"mod":8462,"grammarPoint":8463,"grammarPointTitle":8461,"grammarPointDescription":8464,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8465,"similarGrammarPoints":8466,"tags":8468,"content":8469,"dependentGrammarPoints":8470,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8471,"prereqPoints":8483},20572038534684,"Compound movement verbs",1757000166385,"compound-movement-verbs","Many verbs in Korean are compound words made up of two simple verbs. This is especially common with movement verbs.",[],[8467],20668394159628,[6037,6145],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Compound movement verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Many verbs in Korean are compound words made up of two simple verbs. This is especially common with movement verbs. Knowing the words that are common componants of compound words can help you understand the meaning of new compound words when you come across them for the first time.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가다[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오다[오다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to come\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"들다[들다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to enter\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"돌다[돌다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to turn\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오르다[오르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go up\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"내리다[내리다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to go down\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"다니다[다니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to come and go\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"지나다[지나다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to pass by\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"찾다[찾다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to search\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Here are just a few examples of possible combinations. If you look closely, you can see that the second verb connects to the conjugated stem of the first verb. For instance, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오르다[오르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" conjugates to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"올라\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and then \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be added to form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"올라가다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"올라오다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Verb 1\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Verb 2\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Combination\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"돌다[돌다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to turn)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가다[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to go)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"돌아가다[돌아가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to go back\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오르다[오르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to go up)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오다[오다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to come)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"올라오다[올라오다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to come up\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"내리다[내리다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to go down)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가다[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to go)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"내려가다[내려가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to go down\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"들다[들다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to enter)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오다[오다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to come)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"들어오다[들어오다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to come in\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"따르다[따르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to follow)*\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"다니다[다니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to go here and there)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"따라다니다[따라다니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to follow around\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"찾다[찾다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to search)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"다니다[다니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to go here and there)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"찾아다니다[찾아다니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to go around searching\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"늦었으니까 이제 집에 \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">돌아가세요\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's late, so go home.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl151-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"잠깐[$:maj] 방[$:nng] 안[$:nng]으로[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">들어오세요[들어오다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Come into the room for a moment.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl151-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"주말[$:nng]에[$:p] 친구[$:nng]랑[$:p] 시내[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">돌아다녔어요[돌아다니다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"On the weekend, I wandered around the city center with a friend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl151-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"늦을[늦다:a::$:] 것[$:nnb] 같아서[같다:a::$:] 지하철[$:nng] 역[$:nng]까지[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">뛰어갔어요[뛰어가다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I thought I would be late, so I ran to the subway station.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl151-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"5층[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">올라가면[올라가다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 식당[$:nng]이[$:p] 많을[많다:a::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you go up to the 5th floor, there will be a lot of restaurants.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl151-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아기[$:nng] 고양이[$:nng]가[$:p] 계속[$:maj] 저[$:np]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">따라[따르다:v::$:]다녀요[다니다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The baby cat keeps following me around.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl151-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"*\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"따르다[따르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to follow\"\n }), \" is an exception to the 르 irregular rule, so it is conjugated as 따라, not 딸라.\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8472],{"id":8467,"title":8473,"mod":8474,"grammarPoint":8475,"grammarPointTitle":8473,"grammarPointDescription":8476,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8477,"similarGrammarPoints":8479,"tags":8480,"content":8481,"dependentGrammarPoints":8482,"language":6036},"Omitting 서",1758028450214,"omitting-seo","There are many cases where the 서 of -아\u002F어서 is omitted, leaving just the conjugated stem.",[8460,8276,7610,8478],20568894962496,[],[6041,7596],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Omitting 서\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"There are many cases where the 서 of -아\u002F어서 is omitted, leaving just the conjugated stem. This is especially common in written language, but it happens in spoken language as well.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"밤[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">새워[새우다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 공부했어요[공부하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I stayed up all night studying.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl224-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"간단하게[간단하다:a::$:] 밥[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">볶아[볶다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 먹었어요[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I simply stir-fried rice and ate it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl224-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Many compound words can be traced back to this process. For instance, take a look at this sentence.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"호랑이[$:nng]가[$:p] 돼지[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">잡아서[잡다:v::$:] 먹었어요[먹다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The tiger caught and ate a pig.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl224-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The combination \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"잡다[잡다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"먹다[먹다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" was so common that the 서 dropped out and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"잡아먹다[잡아먹다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" became a word in its own right.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"호랑이[$:nng]가[$:p] 돼지[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">잡아먹었어요[잡아먹다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The tiger caught and ate a pig.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl224-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This same process is clear when you look at how compound words work. Think of compound movement verbs like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"들어가다[들어가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"다녀오다[다녀오다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" - if you had a sharp eye you might have noticed the first verb in the combination always ends in a conjugated stem.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":8412,"title":8418,"mod":8419,"grammarPoint":8420,"grammarPointTitle":8418,"grammarPointDescription":8421,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8422,"similarGrammarPoints":8423,"tags":8485,"content":8426,"dependentGrammarPoints":8427,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8486,"prereqPoints":8489},[6037,8035],[7986,7075,7397,8487],{"id":8424,"title":8436,"mod":8437,"grammarPoint":8438,"grammarPointTitle":8436,"grammarPointDescription":8439,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8440,"similarGrammarPoints":8441,"tags":8488,"content":8444,"dependentGrammarPoints":8445,"language":6036},[6041,7143],[],{"id":8491,"title":8492,"mod":8493,"grammarPoint":8494,"grammarPointTitle":8492,"grammarPointDescription":8495,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8496,"similarGrammarPoints":8497,"tags":8498,"content":8499,"dependentGrammarPoints":8500,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8501,"prereqPoints":8515},20559581507976,"-(으)니까 - Because",1757083274333,"nikka-because","The connective ending -(으)니까 is used to connect two clauses using :tq[because.]",[],[8276],[6037,7592],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)니까 - Because\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The connective ending -(으)니까 is used to connect two clauses using \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"because.\"\n }), \" The reason comes in the first clause and the result in the second, which is a bit different from the way English organizes information. In English we would usually say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I'm happy because it's raining.\"\n }), \" In Korean, you say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Because it's raining, I'm happy.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"비[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">오니까[오다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 우산[$:nng] 가져가[가져가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Take an umbrella because it's raining.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl153-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지금[$:maj] 회의[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">중[$:nnb]이니까[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 나중[$:nng]에[$:p] 전화해[전화하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Call later, because I'm in a meeting right now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl153-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You also can use other tenses before -니까.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"곧[$:maj] 발표[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">시작할[시작하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]니까[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 조용히[$:maj] 해[하다:v::$:]주세요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The presentation is about to start, so please be quiet.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl153-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"네[$:np]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">잘못[$:nng]했으니까[$:sv]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 잘못[$:nng]했다고[$:sv] 이야기해[이야기하다:v::$:] 봐[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You made a mistake, so tell them you made a mistake.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl153-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In some cases, -니까 can be shortened to -니 with no change in meaning. It is not common in this usage, and has a slightly softer feeling.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"배[$:nng] 고프니[고프다:a::$:] 밥[$:nng]부터[$:p] 먹자[먹다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm hungry so let's eat first.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl153-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Word stem(ending in vowel or ㄹ) + -니까\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하니까[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n할[하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]니까[이다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Word stem(ending in other Batchim) + -으니까\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"싫으니까[싫다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n했으니까[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8502],{"id":8276,"title":8503,"mod":8504,"grammarPoint":8505,"grammarPointTitle":8503,"grammarPointDescription":8506,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8507,"similarGrammarPoints":8509,"tags":8512,"content":8513,"dependentGrammarPoints":8514,"language":6036},"-아\u002F어서 - So",1758026829660,"eoseo-so","-아\u002F어서 is used to express the reason or cause for something.",[8508],20568884399988,[8491,8508,7610,8478,8510,8511],20569919647236,20569919727972,[6041,7596],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어서 - So\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-아\u002F어서 can be used to mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"so,\"\n }), \" like in the sentence \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it's raining, so I can't go.\"\n }), \" That is, it is used to express the reason or cause for something. 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However, many people believe it is incorrect or awkward, so it is preferable not to use them.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":8517,"title":8518,"mod":8519,"grammarPoint":8520,"grammarPointTitle":8518,"grammarPointDescription":8521,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8522,"similarGrammarPoints":8523,"tags":8524,"content":8525,"dependentGrammarPoints":8526,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8527,"prereqPoints":8528},20562477682788,"-아\u002F어지다 - Becoming",1757001149795,"uhjida-becoming","-아\u002F어지다 is used to say something becomes an adjective.",[],[7468],[6037,6405],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어지다 - Becoming\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To say something becomes a noun, you use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"되다[되다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", like in the sentence \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저[$:np]는[$:p] 의사[$:nng]가[$:p] 됐어요[되다:v::$:].\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (I became a doctor). 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It's also possible to turn a verb into a noun (i.e., \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"nominalize\"\n }), \" it) by adding -기 to the stem. For instance, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"읽다[읽다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to read) can become \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"읽기[읽다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (reading). 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_jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to write\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"쓰기[쓰다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"writing\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"듣다[듣다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to listen\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"듣기[듣다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"listening\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"만들다[만들다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to make\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"만들기[만들다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"making\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"공부하다[공부하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to study\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"공부하기[공부하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"studying\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"등산하다[등산하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to hike\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"등산하기[등산하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"hiking\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, while \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" verbs can be turned into nouns simply by removing the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", they can also be nominalized with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-기\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". 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By using the present tense noun modifer along with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", we can create a phrase that literally means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"a thing that \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">verb\u003C\u002Fstrong>s,\"\n }), \" but is equivalent to words like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"reading,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"walking,\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"doing\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"출근[$:nng] 전[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">운동하는[운동하다:v::$:] 게[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 쉽지[쉽다:a::$:] 않아[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's not easy to exercise before going to work.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl165-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"옷[$:nng]도[$:p] 인터넷[$:nng]으로[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">사는[살다:v::$:] 걸[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 좋아해요[좋아하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I like buying clothes using the internet too.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl165-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It's possible to use this grammar form to make longer clauses.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"집[$:nng]에[$:p] 고양이[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">있는[있다:v::$:] 게[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 너무[$:maj] 부러워[부럽다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm so jealous you have a cat at your house.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl165-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] 그[$:mm] 남자[$:nng]가[$:p] 매일[$:maj] 밤[$:nng]마다[$:p] 다리[$:nng] 밑[$:nng]에[$:p] 쓰레기[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">버리는[$:b] 걸[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 봤어요[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm so jealous you have a cat at your house.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl165-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You can conceptualize this sentence like this:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">저[$:np]는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> (\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">저[$:mm] 남자[$:nng]가[$:p] 매일[$:maj] 밤[$:nng]마다[$:p] 다리[$:nng] 밑[$:nng]에[$:p] 쓰레기[$:nng] 버리는[$:b] 걸[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>) \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">봤어요\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"I saw\"\n }), \" (\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"that man throwing away garbage under the bridge every night\"\n }), \".)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The phrase that is inside the parentheses is called a relative clause. While \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I\"\n }), \" in this sentence can either use the particles \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"는[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the subject of the relative clause \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"must\"\n }), \" use the subject marker \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:p]\u002F가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I\"\n }), \" can also be put right before \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"봤어요[보다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". In Korean, the closer a word is to the main (final) verb, the more emphasis it has, so if you put it there you are emphasizing \\\"\", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"I\"\n }), \" saw it!\\\"\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:mm] 남자[$:nng]가[$:p] 매일[$:maj] 밤[$:nng]마다[$:p] 다리[$:nng] 밑[$:nng]에[$:p] 쓰레기[$:nng] 버리는걸[$:b] 제[$:np]가[$:p] 봤어요[보다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I saw that man throwing away garbage under the bridge every night.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + 는 것\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하는[하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]\u003Cbr>\\n읽는[읽다:v::$:] 게[$:nnb]\u003Cbr>\\n먹는[먹다:v::$:] 걸[$:nnb]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":8538,"title":8555,"mod":8556,"grammarPoint":8557,"grammarPointTitle":8555,"grammarPointDescription":8558,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8559,"similarGrammarPoints":8560,"tags":8561,"content":8562,"dependentGrammarPoints":8563,"language":6036},"-ㅁ - Nominalization",1758896520626,"m-nominalization","Adding ㅁ to a verb or adjective stem is a way to turn it into a noun.",[],[8530,8537],[6041,6035],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-ㅁ - Nominalization\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You might have already learned two ways to nominalize verbs and adjectives: -는 것 and -기. There's one more you need to know about, and it is probably the least common method. All you have to do is add -ㅁ to the stem. -음 is added to stems that don't end in a vowel or ㄹ.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This grammar form has some uses in more advanced grammatical forms, but we will only be looking at the ones you should know now.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"First of all, it is the basis for some nouns that appear in the dictionary. Below are some examples.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Verb\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Noun\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"추다[추다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to dance\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"춤[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"dance\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"자다[자다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to sleep\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"잠[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"sleep\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"꾸다[꾸다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to dream\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"꿈[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"dream\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"살다[살다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to live\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"삶[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"life\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"죽다[죽다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to die\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"죽음[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"death\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"돕다[돕다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to help\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"도움[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"help\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"느끼다[느끼다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to feel\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"느낌[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"feeling\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"얼다[얼다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to freeze\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"얼음[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ice\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Note how these new nouns create words like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"dance\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"sleep,\"\n }), \" not \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"dancing\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"sleeping.\"\n }), \" To create nouns with those \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"activity\"\n }), \" meanings it is more common to use -기.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">삶[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>은[$:p] 선택[$:nng]의[$:p] 연속[$:nng]이야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Life is a series of choices.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl286-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:np]가[$:p] 원래[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">웃음[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이[$:p] 많아요[많다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I've always laughed a lot.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl286-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"말[$:nng]하기[$:sv] 연습[$:nng] 하는[하다:v::$:] 데[$:nnb] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어려움[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are difficulties in practicing speaking.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl286-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"repetition\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It might sound a little funny in English, but in Korean it is very common to use the noun form and the verb form together, for instance \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"잠[$:nng]을[$:p] 잤어요[자다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (I slept a sleep) or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"춤을 춰요\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (I dance a dance).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"나쁜[나쁘다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">꿈[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">꿨어요[꾸다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I had a bad dream.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl286-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">춤[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">추면[추다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 기분[$:nng]이[$:p] 좋아요[좋다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I feel good when I dance.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl286-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Another usage of -ㅁ is as a sentence ending used in things like public announcements, reports, lists, or dictionary definitions.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"삶[$:nng] - 사는[살다:v::$:] 일[$:nng]. 또는[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">살아[살다:v::$:] 있음[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Life - Living, or having life.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl286-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Ending a sentence with ㅁ is also common in online chat, where it gives a very dry feeling. It has no politeness, so you can't use it directly to a person you need to speak politely to.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"거기[$:np] 냉면[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">맛있음[맛있다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The cold noodles there are delicious.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl286-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이거[$:np] 어디[$:np]서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">삼[사다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Where do you buy this?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl286-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb or adjective stem + ㅁ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"먹음[먹다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n했음[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n삶[$:nng]\u003Cbr>\\n함[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6898],{"id":8566,"title":8567,"mod":8568,"grammarPoint":8569,"grammarPointTitle":8567,"grammarPointDescription":8570,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8571,"similarGrammarPoints":8572,"tags":8574,"content":8575,"dependentGrammarPoints":8576,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8577,"prereqPoints":8588},20562478299876,"-기 전에 - Before doing",1757084150864,"gi-jun-before-doing","The word 전 refers to a specific point in time that is before something else. It equates to before in English.",[6772,8530],[8573],20565541977828,[6037],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-기 전에 - Before doing\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"전[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" refers to a specific point in time that is before something else. It equates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"before\"\n }), \" in English. It needs to follow a noun and very frequently uses the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"수술[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">전[$:nng]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong>는[$:p] 식사하지[식사하다:v::$:] 마세요[말다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don't have a meal before surgery.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl156-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"방송[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">전[$:nng]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 한[$:mm] 시간[$:nng] 정도[$:nng] 시간[$:nng]이[$:p] 있었어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There was about one hour of time before the broadcast.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl156-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"before \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">verb\u003C\u002Fstrong>ing\"\n }), \" we need to turn the verb into a noun using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-기[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"한국[$:nnp]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">오기[오다:v::$:] 전[$:nng]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 한국어[$:nng]를[$:p] 공부했어요[공부하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I studied Korean before coming to Korea.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl156-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Be careful to pay attention to the word order here. A more direct translation of the sentence above is \\\"Before coming to Korea, I studied Korean.\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"영화[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보기[보다:v::$:] 전[$:nng]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 팝콘[$:nng]을[$:p] 샀어요[사다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I bought popcorn before watching the movie.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl156-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">외출하기[외출하다:v::$:] 전[$:nng]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 문[$:nng]을[$:p] 꼭[$:maj] 잠[$:nng]가야[$:nnp] 해요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You have to make sure to lock the door before going out.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl156-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"전[$:nng]에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also translate to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"ago\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">3년[$:nnb] 전[$:nng]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이혼했어요[이혼하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I got divorced three years ago.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl156-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + 기 전에\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하기[하다:v::$:] 전[$:nng]에[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun 전에\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여름[$:nng] 전[$:nng]에[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8578],{"id":8573,"title":8579,"mod":8580,"grammarPoint":8581,"grammarPointTitle":8579,"grammarPointDescription":8582,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8583,"similarGrammarPoints":8584,"tags":8585,"content":8586,"dependentGrammarPoints":8587,"language":6036},"-(으)ㄴ 후에 - After",1757428836470,"n-hu-after-doing","To say after doing you need to use the past tense noun modifier form of the verb followed by 후에.",[7889],[8566],[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)ㄴ 후에 - After\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"before doing,\"\n }), \" you say -기 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"전[$:nng]에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". To say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"after doing\"\n }), \" you need to use the past tense noun modifier form of the verb followed by \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"후[$:nng]에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"후[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a noun that means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"a later time.\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Just because -ㄴ\u002F은 indicates past tense, it doesn't have to mean that the event in question has already happened, it simply means one thing happens after another. The overall tense of the sentence is determined by the sentence ending.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"상사[$:nng]와[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이야기한[이야기하다:v::$:] 후[$:nng]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 오해[$:nng]가[$:p] 풀렸어요[풀리다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The misunderstanding was cleared up after talking to the boss.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl172-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"책[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">읽은[읽다:v::$:] 후[$:nng]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 작가[$:nng]에[$:p] 대한[대하다:v::$:] 생각[$:nng]이[$:p] 바뀌었어요[바뀌다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My opinion about the author changed after reading the book.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl172-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Just like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"전[$:nng]에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you can also use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"후에\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" after a time word or a noun. When it follows a time, it translates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in.\"\n }), \" This leads Koreans to incorrectly say things like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"after two days\"\n }), \" in English. Sometimes remembering the common errors Koreans make in English can help you remember how it works in Korean.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">한[$:mm] 시간[$:nng] 후[$:nng]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 수업[$:nng] 시작할[시작하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Class will start in one hour.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl172-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">출산[$:nng] 후[$:nng]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 무리하면[무리하다:a::$:] 안[$:maj] 돼요[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You mustn't overdo it after childbirth.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl172-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"뒤[$:nng]에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"다음[$:nng]에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used in place of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"후[$:nng]에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with no real difference in meaning.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + ㄴ\u002F은 후에\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"한[$:mm] 후[$:nng]에[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun 후에\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"방송[$:nng] 후[$:nng]에[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6779,8589],{"id":8530,"title":8531,"mod":8532,"grammarPoint":8533,"grammarPointTitle":8531,"grammarPointDescription":8534,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8535,"similarGrammarPoints":8536,"tags":8590,"content":8540,"dependentGrammarPoints":8541,"language":6036},[6041,6148],{"id":8592,"title":8593,"mod":8594,"grammarPoint":8595,"grammarPointTitle":8593,"grammarPointDescription":8596,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8597,"similarGrammarPoints":8598,"tags":8599,"content":8600,"dependentGrammarPoints":8601,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8602,"prereqPoints":8603},20562478522344,"-기 시작하다 - To start doing",1757084314065,"to-start-doing","The verb 시작하다 means \"to start\" and is often used with -기 nominalized verbs to say \"to start **verb**ing.\"",[8530],[],[6037,6145],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-기 시작하다 - To start doing\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"시작하다[시작하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to start\"\n }), \" and is often used with -기 nominalized verbs to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to start \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">verb\u003C\u002Fstrong>ing.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"비[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">내리기[내리다:v::$:] 시작했어요[시작하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It started to rain.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl157-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"집값[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">오르기[오르다:v::$:] 시작했어요[시작하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"House prices started rising.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl157-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"갑자기[$:maj] 땀[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">나기[나다:v::$:] 시작했어요[시작하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He suddenly started sweating.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl157-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + 기 시작하다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하기[하다:v::$:] 시작해[시작하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[8589],{"id":8605,"title":8606,"mod":8607,"grammarPoint":8608,"grammarPointTitle":8606,"grammarPointDescription":8609,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8610,"similarGrammarPoints":8611,"tags":8612,"content":8613,"dependentGrammarPoints":8614,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8615,"prereqPoints":8616},20617443133260,"-기도 하다 - Too",1757084657459,"gido-hada-too","-기도 하다 is used to say \"too\" with a verb or adjective.",[8192,8530],[7584],[6037,7105],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-기도 하다 - Too\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can add \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"도[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to a noun to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">noun\u003C\u002Fstrong> too.\"\n }), \" In order to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"too\"\n }), \" with a verb or adjective, you need to change it to the noun form using -기. This is typically followed by the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which here is acting as an auxiliary verb and isn't really adding meaning, it's just part of this grammatical structure.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">빠르기도[빠르다:a::$:] 해요[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It is fast, too.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl158-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"피곤[$:nng]하면[$:sv] 낮잠[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">자기[$:np]도[$:p] 해요[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When I'm tired, I also take naps.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl158-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Remember that in English \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"too\"\n }), \" is a bit vague - are the train and other things fast? Or is the train fast and cheap? In Korean it is not vague - the meaning here is that the train is fast and cheap, convenient, or whatever.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To say the train (and other things) are fast, you'd say:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"기차[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">도[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 빨라요[빠르다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The train, too, is fast.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl158-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"-기도 하다 vs -고\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You can use this grammar to list multiple verbs or adjectives. Let's first compare it to a simple sentence using -고.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"토끼[$:nng]는[$:p] 부드럽고[부드럽다:a::$:] 귀여워요[귀엽다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Rabbits are soft and cute.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl158-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In English, we can add \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"too\"\n }), \" to the end of the sentence - Rabbits are soft, and they're cute too. 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..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7640],[8229,8589],{"id":8618,"title":8619,"mod":8620,"grammarPoint":8621,"grammarPointTitle":8619,"grammarPointDescription":8622,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8623,"similarGrammarPoints":8624,"tags":8625,"content":8626,"dependentGrammarPoints":8627,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8628,"prereqPoints":8629},21034082194092,"-기만 하다 - Only do, only are",1757085107116,"giman-hada-only-do","-기만 하다 is used to say you only do a verb, or are only an adjective.",[6738,8530],[],[6037,7105],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-기만 하다 - Only do, only are\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: 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_jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[7866,8589],{"id":7138,"title":7896,"mod":7897,"grammarPoint":7898,"grammarPointTitle":7896,"grammarPointDescription":7899,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7900,"similarGrammarPoints":7901,"tags":8631,"content":7903,"dependentGrammarPoints":7904,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8632,"prereqPoints":8633},[6037],[7881],[7881],{"id":7889,"title":7924,"mod":7925,"grammarPoint":7926,"grammarPointTitle":7924,"grammarPointDescription":7927,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7928,"similarGrammarPoints":7929,"tags":8635,"content":7933,"dependentGrammarPoints":7934,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8636,"prereqPoints":8649},[6037],[8637,7895,7935,8639],{"id":7930,"title":7966,"mod":7967,"grammarPoint":7968,"grammarPointTitle":7966,"grammarPointDescription":7969,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7970,"similarGrammarPoints":7971,"tags":8638,"content":7973,"dependentGrammarPoints":7974,"language":6036},[6041,6390,7892],{"id":7931,"title":8640,"mod":8641,"grammarPoint":8642,"grammarPointTitle":8640,"grammarPointDescription":8643,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8644,"similarGrammarPoints":8645,"tags":8646,"content":8647,"dependentGrammarPoints":8648,"language":6036},"-았\u002F었던 - Past tense noun modifier form",1757335548831,"utdun-past-tense-determiner-verb","-았\u002F었던 is used to refer to thing that happened once, or to a continual state that ended in the past.",[7889,7890],[7930,7889,7890],[6041,7892],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-았\u002F었던 - Past tense noun modifier form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Another way to describe nouns with past tense verbs is with -았\u002F었던. There are two usages.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-았\u002F었던 is used to refer to something that happened once in the past, or something that had a continual state that ended in the past. It is not used to refer to something that happened repeatedly.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This isn't to say the thing you are talking about only happened once in history, but you are only talking about one specific incident. You might say to someone: \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"you know my favorite shirt? The one I wore on Christmas?\"\n }), \" You may have worn it many times, but here you are referring to it by mentioning one special time you wore it, so you would use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"입었던[입다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">추천했던[추천하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 식당[$:nng]이[$:p] 여기예요[여기다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The restaurant my friend recommended is here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl163-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"작년[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">유행했던[유행하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 노래[$:nng]가[$:p] 다시[$:maj] 유행하네요[유행하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The song that was popular last year is popular again.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl163-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:np]가[$:p] 처음[$:nng]으로[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">먹었던[먹다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 한국[$:nnp] 음식[$:nng]이[$:p] 비빔밥[$:nng]이었어요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The Korean food that I ate first was bibimbap.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl163-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-았\u002F었던 can also be used with verbs that express a certain degree of a continued state like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"살다[살다:v::$:], 다니다[다니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사귀다[사귀다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This should sound familiar because in the last lesson, we told you -던 is used in this way. In this usage, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-던\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and -았\u002F었던 are both used. There is no real difference in meaning between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"살던[살다:v::$:] 집[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"살았던[살다:v::$:] 집[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"같이[$:maj] 교회[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">다녔던[다니다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 오빠[$:nng]가[$:p] 결혼했어요[결혼하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The oppa who used to attend church with me got married.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl163-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"3000년[$:nnb] 전[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">살았던[살다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 사람[$:nng]들[$:sn]의[$:p] 뼈[$:nng]가[$:p] 발견[$:nng]됐어요[$:sv].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The bones of people who lived 3000 years ago were found.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl163-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"-(으)ㄴ vs -았\u002F었던\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The final thing you might be wondering about is how this form is different from -(으)ㄴ. Using -았\u002F었던 places the event you are describing firmly in the past, with little relevance to the present other than remaining as a memory. Using -(으)ㄴ suggests that while the event took place in the past, it still has relevance in the present.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + -았\u002F었던\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"했던[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n갔던[가다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n먹었던[먹다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7881],{"id":7890,"title":7936,"mod":7937,"grammarPoint":7938,"grammarPointTitle":7936,"grammarPointDescription":7939,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7940,"similarGrammarPoints":7941,"tags":8651,"content":7943,"dependentGrammarPoints":7944,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8652,"prereqPoints":8653},[6037,7908],[7923,8639],[7895],{"id":7931,"title":8640,"mod":8641,"grammarPoint":8642,"grammarPointTitle":8640,"grammarPointDescription":8643,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8644,"similarGrammarPoints":8645,"tags":8655,"content":8647,"dependentGrammarPoints":8648,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8656,"prereqPoints":8657},[6037,7908],[8637,7923,7935],[7923,7935],{"id":8033,"title":8043,"mod":8044,"grammarPoint":8045,"grammarPointTitle":8043,"grammarPointDescription":8046,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8047,"similarGrammarPoints":8048,"tags":8659,"content":8050,"dependentGrammarPoints":8051,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8660,"prereqPoints":8661},[6037,7908],[7895],[8065,7895],{"id":8537,"title":8544,"mod":8545,"grammarPoint":8546,"grammarPointTitle":8544,"grammarPointDescription":8547,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8548,"similarGrammarPoints":8549,"tags":8663,"content":8552,"dependentGrammarPoints":8553,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8664,"prereqPoints":8686},[6037,7908],[8589,8665,8676,8554],{"id":8453,"title":8666,"mod":8667,"grammarPoint":8668,"grammarPointTitle":8666,"grammarPointDescription":8669,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8670,"similarGrammarPoints":8671,"tags":8673,"content":8674,"dependentGrammarPoints":8675,"language":6036},"-는지 - Uncertainty",1757517416387,"neunji-uncertainty","-는지 is equivalent of \"if\" or \"whether.\" ",[7876,7930,7138,7889,8033],[8211,8672,8550],20566623917832,[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-는지 - Uncertainty\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"By adding ㄴ지\u002F은지\u002F는지\u002Fㄹ지 to the stem of a verb, adjective, or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:np]다[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you can express uncertainty about a statement. It corresponds to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"whether\"\n }), \" in English, and is used to express thoughts like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I don't know whether he's going (or not).\"\n }), \" It usually precedes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"모르다[모르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to not know\"\n }), \", but can also be used with other words of communication like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"물어보다[물어보다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to ask\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"말하다[말하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to say\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"알리다[알리다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to inform\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"From now on we will abbreviate it to -는지 when referring to this form, but remember it changes based on tense.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCard, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Part of speech\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Word\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"는지[늘다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" form\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"present tense \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:np]다[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"물[$:nng]이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to be water)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"물[$:nng]인지[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"whether it's water\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"present tense adjective\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"시원하다[시원하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to be refreshing)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"시원한지[시원하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"whether it's refreshing\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"past tense adjective\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"시원하다[시원하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to be refreshing)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"시원했는지[시원하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"whether it was refreshing\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"present tense verb\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가다[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to go)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가는지[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"whether he's going\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"past tense verb\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가다[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to go)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"갔는지[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"whether he went\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"future tense verb\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가다[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (to go)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"갈지[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"whether he will go\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You should be thinking that these look awfully similar to their noun modifier forms, and you would be right. But note that there are a few differences.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"verbs in the the past tense use -았\u002F었는지, not -(으)ㄴ지. You will hear -(으)ㄴ지 being used in spoken language sometimes, but it is technically incorrect.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"adjectives in the past tense use -았\u002F었는지, not -았\u002F었던지, the same as verbs\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아이폰[$:nng]에[$:p]도[$:p] 이[$:mm] 앱[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">있는지[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 모르겠어요[모르다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't know if this app is on iPhone too.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl186-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), 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\"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If the program doesn't work, check to see if the internet is connected.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl186-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You can also use it more than once in a sentence.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"한국[$:nnp] 사람[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">인지[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 중국[$:nnp] 사람[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">인지[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 저[$:np]는[$:p] 못[$:maj] 들었어요[들다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I haven't heard if that person is Korean or Chinese.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl186-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"present tense 이다 + ㄴ지\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"물[$:nng]인지[이다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n사과[$:nng]인지[이다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"present tense adjective + ㄴ지\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"예쁜지[예쁘다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n맑은지[맑다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"present tense verb + 는지\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하는지[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n만드는지[만들다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"past tense verb + 었는지\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"했는지[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n읽었는지[읽다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"future tense verb + ㄹ지\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할지[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n찾을지[찾다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":8550,"title":8677,"mod":8678,"grammarPoint":8679,"grammarPointTitle":8677,"grammarPointDescription":8680,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8681,"similarGrammarPoints":8682,"tags":8683,"content":8684,"dependentGrammarPoints":8685,"language":6036},"-는지 with question words",1757518185819,"neunji-question-words","This lesson will teach you how -는지 is also used by default in certain types of statements using question words.",[8453],[8537],[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-는지 with question words\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This lesson will teach you how -는지 is also used by default in certain types of statements using question words.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For example, if you want to say or ask:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"I don't know\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"how\"\n }), \" big it is.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"where\"\n }), \" he went.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"who\"\n }), \" is coming.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"what\"\n }), \" they need.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"why\"\n }), \" he's doing that.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"how\"\n }), \" much that costs.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"you need to use -는지.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"파티[$:nng]에[$:p] 몇[$:mm] 분[$:nnb]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">오실지[오다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 아직[$:maj] 모르겠어요[모르다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't know how many people are coming to the party yet.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl188-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"차[$:nnb] 키[$:nng]를[$:p] 어디[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">뒀는지[두다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 기억[$:nng]이[$:p] 안[$:maj] 나[$:np].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't remember where I put the car keys.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl188-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 경기[$:nng]는[$:p] 누가[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이길지[이기다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 아무[$:np]도[$:p] 몰라[모르다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"No one knows who will win this match.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl188-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"뭘[$:ic] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">좋아할지[좋아하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 몰라서[모르다:v::$:] 다[$:maj] 준비했어[준비하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I didn't know what you would like so I prepared everything.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl188-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"listening tip\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you're into watching dramas, listen for characters getting indignant and ending sentences with what might sound like \\\"-자라??\\\" When Koreans speak this grammar quickly and with emotion (do you know how hard I worked on that?? Do you know how expensive that was??) \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-지 알아[알다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can sound like they are saying \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"자라\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7895],{"id":8688,"title":8689,"mod":8690,"grammarPoint":8691,"grammarPointTitle":8689,"grammarPointDescription":8692,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8693,"similarGrammarPoints":8694,"tags":8695,"content":8696,"dependentGrammarPoints":8697,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8698,"prereqPoints":8699},20563913739924,"-(으)ㄴ 것 - Verb nominalization in the past tense",1757337016525,"past-tense-verb-nominalization","Using a relative clause in the past tense allows you to say things like \"I hate that you left early,\" or \"I know that you already saw that movie.\"",[7889],[7889],[6037,7908],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)ㄴ 것 - Verb nominalization in the past tense\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If we put the relative clause in the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"past tense\"\n }), \" we can say things like \\\"I hate that you \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"left\"\n }), \" early,\\\" or \\\"I know that you already \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"saw\"\n }), \" that movie.\\\"\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"앞머리[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">자른[자르다:v::$:] 게[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 후회[$:nng]돼요[$:sv].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I regret cutting my bangs.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl166-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] 낚시[$:nng]에서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">잡은[잡다:v::$:] 게[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 없어[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I didn't catch anything while fishing today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl166-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:np]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쓴[쓰다:v::$:] 게[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 아니에요[아니다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's not something I wrote.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl166-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내[$:np]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">말한[말하다:v::$:] 게[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이거[$:np]야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What I said is this.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl166-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"한국[$:nnp]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">오신[오다:v::$:] 걸[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 환영해요[환영하다:v::$:]!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Welcome to Korea!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl166-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + 은 것\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"한[$:mm] 거[$:nnb]\u003Cbr>\\n읽은[읽다:v::$:] 게[$:nnb]\u003Cbr>\\n먹은[먹다:v::$:] 걸[$:nnb]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7923],[7923],{"id":8701,"title":8702,"mod":8703,"grammarPoint":8704,"grammarPointTitle":8702,"grammarPointDescription":8705,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8706,"similarGrammarPoints":8707,"tags":8708,"content":8709,"dependentGrammarPoints":8710,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8711,"prereqPoints":8714},20563913769096,"-(으)ㄹ 것 - Verb nominalization in the future tense",1757337265588,"future-noun-modifier","-(으)ㄹ 것 is the future tense verb nominalization form. It is the equivalent of \"a thing to verb.\"",[8033],[8026,8537,8688],[6037],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)ㄹ 것 - Verb nominalization in the future tense\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The future tense form -ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것[$:nnb]이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is actually future tense nominalization, like -는 것 is present tense. However, it's more versatile than simply being a way to talk about the future. It can also have a meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"a thing to \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">verb\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"놀이공원[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">탈[타다:v::$:] 게[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 별로[$:maj] 없어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There's not much to ride at the amusement park.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl167-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">챙길[챙기다:v::$:] 건[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 다[$:maj] 챙겼어[챙기다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Do you have everything you need to bring?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl167-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내일[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">먹을[먹다:v::$:] 건[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 남겨[남기다:v::$:] 둬[두다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Leave something to eat tomorrow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl167-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's compare the various noun modifier tenses:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Past tense\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Present tense\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Future tense\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"읽은[읽다:v::$:] 게[$:nnb] 없어요[없다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"읽는[읽다:v::$:] 게[$:nnb] 없어요[없다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"읽을[읽다:v::$:] 게[$:nnb] 없어요[없다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"There's nothing I've read.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"There's nothing I'm reading.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"There's nothing to read.\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + ㄹ\u002F을 것\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할[하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]\u003Cbr>\\n읽을[읽다:v::$:] 게[$:nnb]\u003Cbr>\\n먹을[먹다:v::$:] 걸[$:nnb]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8065,8543,8712],{"id":8688,"title":8689,"mod":8690,"grammarPoint":8691,"grammarPointTitle":8689,"grammarPointDescription":8692,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8693,"similarGrammarPoints":8694,"tags":8713,"content":8696,"dependentGrammarPoints":8697,"language":6036},[6041,7892],[8042],{"id":8716,"title":8717,"mod":8718,"grammarPoint":8719,"grammarPointTitle":8717,"grammarPointDescription":8720,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8721,"similarGrammarPoints":8722,"tags":8723,"content":8724,"dependentGrammarPoints":8725,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8726,"prereqPoints":8727},20565497985816,"있는 - 있다 as a noun modifier",1757337941716,"itneun-noun-modifier","The word 있다 is sometimes a verb and sometimes an adjective, but as a noun modifier it is always conjugated like a verb.",[7876,7138],[7876,7138],[6037,7908],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"있는 - 있다 as a noun modifier\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is sometimes a verb and sometimes an adjective, but as a noun modifier it is always conjugated like a verb. This rule includes words containing \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"맛있다[맛있다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"재미있다[재미있다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The noun modifier form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in the present tense is therefore \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"not\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있은[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" but \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있는[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"역사[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">있는[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 도시[$:nng]를[$:p] 여행하고[여행하다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to travel to a city with history.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl168-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"경험[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">있는[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 사람[$:nng]을[$:p] 찾고[찾다:v::$:] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm searching for a person with experience.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl168-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"-고 있는\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"We can also use it to form present progressive noun modifiers.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"공연[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보고[보다:v::$:] 있는[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 기분[$:nng]이예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It feels like I'm watching a performance.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl168-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아이[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">다니고[다니다:v::$:] 있는[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 유치원[$:nng]에[$:p] 새[$:mm] 선생[$:nng]님[$:sn]이[$:p] 오셨어요[오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A new teacher came to the kindergarten the child is attending.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl168-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"없는\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This rule also applies to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"없다[없다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and words containing \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"없다[없다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"신분증[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">없는[없다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 사람[$:nng]은[$:p] 못[$:maj] 들어가요[들어가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"People without an ID can't enter.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl168-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"인기[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">없는[없다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 배우[$:nng]들[$:sn]은[$:p] 돈[$:nng]을[$:p] 많이[$:maj] 못[$:maj] 벌어요[벌다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Actors who aren't popular can't earn a lot of money.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl168-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"있다 → 있는\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"있는[있다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb]\u003Cbr>\\n책[$:nng]이[$:p] 있는[있다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n걷고[걷다:v::$:] 있는[있다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n책[$:nng]이[$:p] 없는[없다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7881,7895],[7881,7895],{"id":8729,"title":8730,"mod":8731,"grammarPoint":8732,"grammarPointTitle":8730,"grammarPointDescription":8733,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8734,"similarGrammarPoints":8735,"tags":8736,"content":8737,"dependentGrammarPoints":8738,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8739,"prereqPoints":8740},20734534739772,"-지 않다 as a noun modifier",1757338150980,"","When -지 않다 is used as a noun modifier, its form changes depending on whether it is attached to an adjective or a verb.",[7876,7048,7138],[7876,7138],[6037,7908],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-지 않다 as a noun modifier\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When -지 않다 is used as a noun modifier, its form changes depending on whether it is attached to an adjective or a verb. It is actually just following the rules for verbs and adjectives - 은 for adjectives and -는 for verbs. Ultimately it sounds very similar, but you do need to pay attention when writing.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보이지[보이다:v::$:] 않는[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 곳[$:nng]도[$:p] 깨끗하게[깨끗하다:a::$:] 청소했어요[청소하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I cleaned even the places that can't be seen.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl169-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아무리[$:maj] 친해도[친하다:a::$:] 선[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">넘지[넘다:v::$:] 않는[$:b] 게[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 중요해요[중요하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"No matter how close of a friend you are, it's important not to cross the line.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl169-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그건[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">정확하지[정확하다:a::$:] 않은[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 정보[$:nng]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That's inaccurate information.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl169-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Adj + 지 않다 → 지 않은\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"무겁지[무겁다:a::$:] 않은[$:b] 자전거[$:nng]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + 지 않다 → 지 않는\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"입지[입다:v::$:] 않는[$:b] 옷[$:nng]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7881,7895],[7881,7064,7895],{"id":8742,"title":8743,"mod":8744,"grammarPoint":8745,"grammarPointTitle":8743,"grammarPointDescription":8746,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8747,"similarGrammarPoints":8748,"tags":8749,"content":8750,"dependentGrammarPoints":8751,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8752,"prereqPoints":8755},20601200485500,"ㄹ Exceptions",1757340015771,"r-exceptions","Verbs or adjectives with stems ending in -ㄹ omit that ㄹ when followed by grammar forms starting with ㄴ.",[],[7807,7888],[6037,6458],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"ㄹ Exceptions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Verbs or adjectives with stems ending in -ㄹ omit that ㄹ when followed by grammar forms starting with ㄴ. This includes -니까, -ㄴ, and -는. You can see just a few examples below:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">날다[날다:v::$:] + 니까 → 사니까\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아기[$:nng] 새는[새다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">나[$:np]는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 걸[$:nnb] 무서워[무섭다:a::$:] 하는[하다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb] 같아요[같다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think baby birds are afraid of flying.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl170-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">놀다[놀다:v::$:] + 는 것 → 노는[놀다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"조카[$:nng]랑[$:p] 같이[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">노는[놀다:v::$:] 게[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 피곤해[피곤하다:a::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Is it tiring to play with your nephew?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl170-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">달다[달다:a::$:] + ㄴ → 단\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">단[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 음식[$:nng]은[$:p] 몸[$:nng]에[$:p] 안[$:maj] 좋아요[좋다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Sweet food is not good for you.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl170-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"ㄹ stem followed by -ㄹ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When the future tense ending -ㄹ is added to a stem ending in ㄹ, it is not repeated.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">살다[살다:v::$:] + ㄹ 것 → 살 것\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb or adj stem ending in ㄹ + ㄴ grammar form\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사니까[살다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n파는[팔다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n먼[멀다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem ending in ㄹ + -ㄹ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"살[$:nnb]\u003Cbr>\\n팔[$:nng]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8753,7913],{"id":7807,"title":7808,"mod":7809,"grammarPoint":7810,"grammarPointTitle":7808,"grammarPointDescription":7811,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7812,"similarGrammarPoints":7813,"tags":8754,"content":7815,"dependentGrammarPoints":7816,"language":6036},[6041,6064,6452],[],{"id":8757,"title":8758,"mod":8759,"grammarPoint":8760,"grammarPointTitle":8758,"grammarPointDescription":8761,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8762,"similarGrammarPoints":8763,"tags":8765,"content":8766,"dependentGrammarPoints":8767,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8768,"prereqPoints":8782},20582326352160,"-는 것 같다 - I think",1757341090855,"neun-gut-gatda-I-think","A very common way to express what you think in an indirect manner (and Koreans love to be indirect) is to use -는 것 같다.",[8537],[8764],20814356212596,[6037],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-는 것 같다 - I think\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A very common way to express what you think in an indirect manner (and Koreans love to be indirect) is to use -는 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것[$:nnb] 같다[같다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". You've already learned that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"같다[같다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be like,\"\n }), \" but in this form means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it seems like.\"\n }), \" For all intents and purposes, Koreans use this form to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I think.\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Because there are so many possible noun modifier endings, we are using -는 as shorthand for all the possible endings: -ㄴ, -은, -는, -던, 었던, -ㄹ etc.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"바지[$:nng] 사이즈[$:nng]가[$:p] 조금[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">큰[크다:a::$:] 것[$:nnb] 같아요[같다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think the pants are a bit big.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl171-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"열심히[$:maj] 공부해도[공부하다:v::$:] 성적[$:nng]이[$:p] 안[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">오르는[오르다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb] 같아요[같다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even though I study hard, I don't think my grades are going up.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl171-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"화장[$:nng] 했어[하다:v::$:]? 화장[$:nng] 안[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">한[$:mm] 것[$:nnb] 같아[같다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Is she wearing makeup? I don't think so.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl171-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이번[$:nng]에[$:p]는[$:p] 우리[$:np] 팀[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이길[이기다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb] 같아[같다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think our team will win this time.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl171-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In modern, spoken language, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"같아[같다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is often pronounced \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가태[같다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"ㄴ\u002F는\u002Fㄹ 것 같다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그런[$:mm] 것[$:nnb] 같아[같다:a::$:].\u003Cbr>\\n한[$:mm] 것[$:nnb] 같아요[같다:a::$:].\u003Cbr>\\n갈[가다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb] 같아요[같다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8769],{"id":8764,"title":8770,"mod":8771,"grammarPoint":8772,"grammarPointTitle":8770,"grammarPointDescription":8773,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8774,"similarGrammarPoints":8776,"tags":8778,"content":8780,"dependentGrammarPoints":8781,"language":6036},"Indirect quotations",1758900329868,"indirect-quotations","An indirect quotation is used when saying what someone said without using their exact words, or when saying what you think.",[8775],20583597284664,[8777],20814356154804,[6041,8779],"korean-reported-speech","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiImage, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiImage) _missingMdxReference(\"UiImage\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Indirect quotations\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"An indirect quotation is used when saying what someone said without using their exact words, or when saying what you think. Indirect quotations are also known as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">reported speech\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fdirect_indirect.webp\",\n alt: \"quotations\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In Korean, to use an indirect quotation you put the quoted speech in plain form and attach -고, followed by a word like says, thinks, heard, answered, etc.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 아이디어[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">좋다고[좋다:a::$:] 했어요[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"They said that's a good idea.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl293-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng]가[$:p] 요즘[$:nng] 다이어트[$:nng] 때문[$:nnb]에[$:p] 스트레스[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">받는다고[받다:v::$:] 했어요[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My friend said she's stressed because she's dieting these days.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl293-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Sentences can have a main subject (the subject of the final verb), and a subject for the subordinate clause (the clause you are quoting).\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"엄마[$:nng]가[$:p] 누나[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">취직했다고[취직하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 했잖아[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mom said noona got a job.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl293-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그렇다[그렇다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used as a stand-in for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"말하다[말하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". There is very little difference in meaning, it just has a slightly stronger feeling that you directly experienced it.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 숙소[$:nng]에서[$:p] 한[$:mm]달[$:nnb] 동안[$:nng] 머물[머물다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">예정[$:nng]이라고[이다:v::$:] 그랬어요[그렇다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He said he was going to be staying in these accommodations for one month.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl293-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You already learned that you can use -는 것 같다 to express what you think in a soft way. You can say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I think ___\"\n }), \" in a more direct way by using -다고 생각하다.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"유학[$:nng]은[$:p] 물가[$:nng]가[$:p] 싼[싸다:a::$:] 나라[$:nng]에서[$:p] 해야[하다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">한다고[하다:v::$:] 생각해요[생각하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think I have to study abroad in a country with low prices.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl293-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"plain form + 고\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"했다고[하다:v::$:] 그랬어요[그렇다:a::$:].\u003Cbr>\\n바쁘다고[바쁘다:a::$:] 생각해[생각하다:v::$:].\u003Cbr>\\n간다고[가다:v::$:] 했어요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8543],{"id":8573,"title":8579,"mod":8580,"grammarPoint":8581,"grammarPointTitle":8579,"grammarPointDescription":8582,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8583,"similarGrammarPoints":8584,"tags":8784,"content":8586,"dependentGrammarPoints":8587,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8785,"prereqPoints":8788},[6037],[8786],{"id":8566,"title":8567,"mod":8568,"grammarPoint":8569,"grammarPointTitle":8567,"grammarPointDescription":8570,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8571,"similarGrammarPoints":8572,"tags":8787,"content":8575,"dependentGrammarPoints":8576,"language":6036},[6041],[7923],{"id":8790,"title":8791,"mod":8792,"grammarPoint":8793,"grammarPointTitle":8791,"grammarPointDescription":8794,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8795,"similarGrammarPoints":8796,"tags":8797,"content":8798,"dependentGrammarPoints":8799,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8800,"prereqPoints":8801},20559516369756,"줄 몰랐다 - Didn’t know",1757429306794,"jul-mollatda-did-not-know","줄 몰랐다 means \"I didn't know.\" ",[8412],[8412],[6037,8035],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"줄 몰랐다 - Didn’t know\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-(으)ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"줄[$:nnb] 모르다[모르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to not know how to,\"\n }), \" but the meaning is slightly different when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"모르다[모르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is in the past tense. -ㄴ\u002F는\u002Fㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"줄[$:nnb] 몰랐다[모르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I didn't know.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어릴[어리다:a::$:] 때[$:nng] 친구[$:nng]가[$:p] 이렇게[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">성공할[성공하다:v::$:] 줄[$:nnb] 몰랐어요[모르다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I didn't know my childhood friend was so successful.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl173-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"네[$:np]가[$:p] 그렇게[$:maj] 꼼꼼하게[꼼꼼하다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">계획[$:nng]할[$:sv] 줄[$:nnb] 몰랐어[모르다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I didn't know you would plan so meticulously.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl173-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can also use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"줄[$:nnb] 모르다[모르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with adjectives and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" by putting them in their noun modifier forms.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 배우[$:nng]가[$:p] 유부남[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">인[이다:v::$:] 줄[$:nnb] 몰랐어요[모르다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I didn't know that actor was a married man.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl173-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"게임[$:nng]이[$:p] 이렇게[$:maj] 중독[$:nng]성[$:sn]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">강한[강하다:a::$:] 줄[$:nnb] 몰랐어[모르다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I didn't know the game was so addictive.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl173-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ㄹ 줄 몰랐다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할[하다:v::$:] 줄[$:nnb] 몰랐어[모르다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n먹을[먹다:v::$:] 줄[$:nnb] 몰랐어[모르다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8417],[8417],{"id":8803,"title":8804,"mod":8805,"grammarPoint":8806,"grammarPointTitle":8804,"grammarPointDescription":8807,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8808,"similarGrammarPoints":8809,"tags":8810,"content":8811,"dependentGrammarPoints":8812,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8813,"prereqPoints":8816},20601032561964,"-(으)ㄹ 줄 알았다 - I knew\u002FI thought",1757429725569,"r-jul-aratda-I-knew","-(으)ㄹ 줄 알았다 has the meaning of \"I knew it would...\" or \"I thought it would...\" depending on context.",[8412],[8412,8790],[6037,8035],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiImage, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiImage) _missingMdxReference(\"UiImage\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)ㄹ 줄 알았다 - I knew\u002FI thought\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"줄[$:nnb] 알다[알다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to know how to,\"\n }), \" but when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"알다[알다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is in the past tense, it has a different meaning. It can mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I knew that would happen\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"or\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I thought that would happen,\"\n }), \" depending on context and intonation.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's say it is raining right now, just like the weather report said. You might tell someone:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] 비[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">올[$:mm] 줄[$:nnb] 알았어요[알다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I knew it was going to rain today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl174-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fraining.webp\",\n alt: \"raining\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Or let's say the sun is shining and there's not a cloud in the sky. You could say the exact same sentence in Korean, but the meaning would be different in English:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] 비[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">올[$:mm] 줄[$:nnb] 알았어요[알다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I thought it was going to rain today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl174-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fnorain.webp\",\n alt: \"not raining\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As you can see, this grammar is merely expressing what you had thought, whether your thought was right or wrong.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's look at some more examples, keeping in mind the possible alternative translations.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"당연히[$:maj] 약속[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">지킬[지키다:v::$:] 줄[$:nnb] 알았어[알다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Of course I thought she'd keep her promise.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl174-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"나[$:np]는[$:p] 이번[$:nng] 프로젝트[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">성공할[성공하다:v::$:] 줄[$:nnb] 알았어[알다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I thought this project would be successful.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl174-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">결혼할[결혼하다:v::$:] 줄[$:nnb] 알았어요[알다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I knew my friend was going to get married.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl174-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb ㄹ 줄 알았다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할[하다:v::$:] 줄[$:nnb] 알았어[알다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8417,8814],{"id":8790,"title":8791,"mod":8792,"grammarPoint":8793,"grammarPointTitle":8791,"grammarPointDescription":8794,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8795,"similarGrammarPoints":8796,"tags":8815,"content":8798,"dependentGrammarPoints":8799,"language":6036},[6041,7143],[8417],{"id":8818,"title":8819,"mod":8820,"grammarPoint":8821,"grammarPointTitle":8819,"grammarPointDescription":8822,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8823,"similarGrammarPoints":8824,"tags":8827,"content":8828,"dependentGrammarPoints":8829,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8830,"prereqPoints":8852},20565563348472,"-겠다 - Expressing intentions and will",1757429950742,"getda-intentions-and-will","The syllable -겠- is added to a verb stem to indicate intention or will, as in \"I will do it,\" or \"will you do it?\"",[8026],[8026,8825,8826],20565615234024,20565563791452,[6037,6866],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-겠다 - Expressing intentions and will\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The syllable -겠- is added to a verb stem to indicate intention or will, as in \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I will do it,\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"will you do it?\"\n }), \" The difference between using -겠다 and -ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것[$:nnb]이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is that -겠다 can sound like a personal declaration, as if the speaker is confirming their intentions to themselves rather than addressing another person, with a very strong feeling of determination.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">실패하지[실패하다:v::$:] 않겠어[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I won't fail.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl175-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이번[$:nng] 경기[$:nng]는[$:p] 꼭[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이기겠어요[이기다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We will definitely win this match.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl175-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"앞[$:nng]으로[$:p] 절대[$:maj] 거짓말[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하지[하다:v::$:] 않겠습니다[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will absolutely not lie anymore.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl175-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"운전[$:nng] 면허[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">따겠다고[따다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 결심했어요[결심하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was determined to get my driver's license.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl175-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-겠- can also be used in the third-person when talking about a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"thing\"\n }), \" that is about to happen. In this case there is no intention or will being implied.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"눈[$:nng]이[$:p] 곧[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">오겠어요[오다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It will snow soon.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl175-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"방학[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">끝나겠어요[끝나다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"School break is about to end.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl175-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + 겠\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하겠어[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n하겠어요[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8065,8831,8841],{"id":8825,"title":8832,"mod":8833,"grammarPoint":8834,"grammarPointTitle":8832,"grammarPointDescription":8835,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8836,"similarGrammarPoints":8837,"tags":8838,"content":8839,"dependentGrammarPoints":8840,"language":6036},"-겠다 - Making conjectures",1757430265765,"getda-conjecture","-겠다 can also be used for making conjectures. It is like saying \"it must\" or \"I bet\" in English.",[8026,8818],[8054],[6041,6870],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-겠다 - Making conjectures\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Just as -ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것[$:nnb]이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can indicate future tense \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"or\"\n }), \" conjecture, -겠다 can also be used for making conjectures. It is like saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it must\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I bet\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">맛있겠다[맛있다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It must be delicious!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl176-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:mm] 사람[$:nng]은[$:p] 정말[$:maj] 화가[$:nng] 많이[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">났겠다[나다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That person must be really angry.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl176-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오래[$:maj] 서[서다:v::$:] 있어서[있다:v::$:] 다리[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아프겠어요[아프다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I bet your legs hurt from standing so long.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl176-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"짐[$:nng]이[$:p] 많아서[많다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">힘들겠어요[힘들다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It must be hard with so much luggage.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl176-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + 겠\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하겠어[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n하겠어요[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":8826,"title":8842,"mod":8843,"grammarPoint":8844,"grammarPointTitle":8842,"grammarPointDescription":8845,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8846,"similarGrammarPoints":8847,"tags":8849,"content":8850,"dependentGrammarPoints":8851,"language":6036},"-시겠어요 - Would you like?",1757430597774,"shigesseoyo-would-you-like","-시겠어요 is a way to very politely ask someone a question. It is similar to the feeling of \"would you like?\" or \"would you mind?\"",[7749,8818],[8848],20572029810876,[6041,6497,7761],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-시겠어요 - Would you like?\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Adding -겠다 to the infix -시- is a way to very politely ask someone a question. It is similar to the feeling of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"would you like?\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"would you mind?\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"쿠키[$:nng] 좀[$:maj] 더[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">드시겠어요[들다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Would you like another cookie?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl177-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이거[$:np]로[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하시겠어요[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 아니면[아니다:v::$:] 다른[$:mm] 거[$:nnb]로[$:p] 보여드릴까요[보여드리다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Would you like this one? Or shall I show you something else?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl177-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is also commonly combined with 아\u002F어 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"주다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to make it even more polite.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"창문[$:nng]을[$:p] 좀[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">닫아[닫다:v::$:] 주시겠어요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Could you please 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politeness towards the listener\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8065],{"id":8825,"title":8832,"mod":8833,"grammarPoint":8834,"grammarPointTitle":8832,"grammarPointDescription":8835,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8836,"similarGrammarPoints":8837,"tags":8854,"content":8839,"dependentGrammarPoints":8840,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8855,"prereqPoints":8856},[6037,6866],[8094],[8065,8857],{"id":8818,"title":8819,"mod":8820,"grammarPoint":8821,"grammarPointTitle":8819,"grammarPointDescription":8822,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8823,"similarGrammarPoints":8824,"tags":8858,"content":8828,"dependentGrammarPoints":8829,"language":6036},[6041,6870],{"id":8826,"title":8842,"mod":8843,"grammarPoint":8844,"grammarPointTitle":8842,"grammarPointDescription":8845,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8846,"similarGrammarPoints":8847,"tags":8860,"content":8850,"dependentGrammarPoints":8851,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8861,"prereqPoints":8873},[6037,6493,7757],[8862],{"id":8848,"title":8863,"mod":8864,"grammarPoint":8865,"grammarPointTitle":8863,"grammarPointDescription":8866,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8867,"similarGrammarPoints":8868,"tags":8869,"content":8871,"dependentGrammarPoints":8872,"language":6036},"-(으)ㄹ까요 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It corresponds to \"shall I?\" in English.",[7788],[],[6041,8870],"korean-nuance-tags","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)ㄹ까요 - Asking for an opinion\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-ㄹ까요 can also be used when asking for an opinion about what you should do. It corresponds to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"shall I?\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 핸드폰[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">살까요[살다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Should I buy this phone?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl245-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내[$:np]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">전화할까[전화하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Shall I call?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl245-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It is also commonly combined with -아\u002F어 주다 to ask politely if the speaker can do something for the listener.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"무거우면[무겁다:a::$:] 내[$:np]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">들어줄까[들어주다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If it's heavy, should I carry it for you?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl245-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"간단한[간단하다:a::$:] 음료[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">준비해[준비하다:v::$:] 드릴까요[드리다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Shall I prepare a simple beverage for you?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl245-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb + ㄹ까(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할까[하다:v::$:]?\u003Cbr>\\n먹을까요[먹다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb + 주다 + ㄹ까(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"해[하다:v::$:] 줄까요[$:b]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7780,8857],{"id":8875,"title":8876,"mod":8877,"grammarPoint":8878,"grammarPointTitle":8876,"grammarPointDescription":8879,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8880,"similarGrammarPoints":8881,"tags":8882,"content":8883,"dependentGrammarPoints":8884,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8885,"prereqPoints":8886},20565563619936,"알다\u002F모르다 - Know and not know",1757431719909,"know-and-not-know","When answering questions, the words 알다 and 모르다 can have different nuances depending on tense.",[6864,7094,8825],[],[6037,6031,6330],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"알다\u002F모르다 - Know and not know\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The words \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"알다[알다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"모르다[모르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" equate to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to know\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to not know\"\n }), \" in English. Since these words have different nuances depending on tense, it's worth taking a closer look at how they are used when answering questions.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"present tense\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"알다[알다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"모르다[모르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be expressed in the present tense as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"알아요[알다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"몰라요[모르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but they can sound blunt and direct, and in some cases can even be a bit rude.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：이[$:mm] 사람[$:nng]은[$:p] 누구[$:np]예요[이다:v::$:]?\u003C\u002Fdiv>\\n\u003Cdiv>B：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">몰라요[모르다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Who is this person? \u003Cbr> B: I don't know.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl178-1a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：오늘[$:maj] 월세[$:nng] 내[$:np]는[$:p] 날[$:nng]이야[$:p].\u003C\u002Fdiv>\\n\u003Cdiv>B：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">알아요[알다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Rent is due today. \u003Cbr> B: I know.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl178-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"past tense\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"몰랐어요[모르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used to answer the question \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"did you know that?\"\n }), \" and can also be used to say that you didn't know a fact you just learned.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：그[$:mm] 대리[$:nng]님[$:sn]은[$:p] 작년[$:nng]에[$:p] 그만[$:maj]뒀어[두다:v::$:].\u003C\u002Fdiv>\\n\u003Cdiv>B：진짜[$:nng]? \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">몰랐어[모르다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: That manager quit last year. \u003Cbr> B: Really? I didn't know.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl178-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"알았어요[알다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used idiomatically to express that you understood the instructions or command that someone just gave you. Think of it as being similar to saying \\\"Understood.\\\"\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：10분[$:nnb]만[$:p] 기다려[기다리다:v::$:] 주세요[$:b].\u003C\u002Fdiv>\\n\u003Cdiv>B：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">알았어요[알다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Please wait just ten minutes. \u003Cbr> B: Okay.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl178-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"-겠다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You've learned that 겠 can express intention and conjecture. In the case of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"모르겠다[모르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you are expressing conjecture that you don't know something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：엄마[$:nng]는[$:p] 집[$:nng]에[$:p] 있어[있다:v::$:]?\u003C\u002Fdiv>\\n\u003Cdiv>B：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">모르겠어요[모르다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Is mom home? \u003Cbr> B: I don't know.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl178-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It may seem strange to be guessing that you don't know something, but really this is just an idiomatic way to softly express that you don't know something.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"알겠다[알다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" uses the intention meaning of 겠. It's said in response to being told something new, to say that you understand and will retain that information, and will do what is asked. It is softer and more polite than saying \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"알았어요[알다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：엄마[$:nng]한테[$:p] 전화해[전화하다:v::$:] 봐[보다:v::$:].\u003C\u002Fdiv>\\n\u003Cdiv>B：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">알겠어요[알다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Give mom a call. \u003Cbr> B: I understand and I will do it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl178-6a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"알고 있다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One more way to express that you know something in Korean is to say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"알고[알다:v::$:] 있어요[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". To English speakers, it may sound odd to say \\\"I am knowing,\\\" but when you use this form you are implying that it is something you have known for a while.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：그[$:mm] 사람[$:nng]을[$:p] 너무[$:maj] 믿지[믿다:v::$:] 마[$:b].\u003Cbr>\\nB：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">알고[알다:v::$:] 있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Don't trust that person too much. \u003Cbr> B: I know.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl178-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[6884,7150,8831],{"id":8211,"title":8888,"mod":8889,"grammarPoint":8890,"grammarPointTitle":8888,"grammarPointDescription":8891,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8892,"similarGrammarPoints":8893,"tags":8897,"content":8898,"dependentGrammarPoints":8899,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8900,"prereqPoints":8932},"-(으)면 - If\u002Fwhen",1757432285861,"myeon-if-when","-(으)면 is used in conditional statements. It can translate to either \"if\" or \"when\" in English. ",[],[8894,8453,8895,8896],20675742535164,20580125328480,20581150069800,[6037,7592],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)면 - If\u002Fwhen\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's take a look at how to make conditional statements in Korean. -(으)면 is added to the stem of a verb, adjective, or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to say that the second clause will result when or if the first clause happens. Whether you translate -면 as \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"when\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"if\"\n }), \" depends on context, which beginners sometimes find confusing. Just think of -면 statements as being conditional.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You add -으면 to stems ending in a batchim and -면 to stems ending in a vowel. With \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", 이 disappears completely if the noun it is attached to ends in a vowel.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이해[$:nng]가[$:p] 안[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">되면[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 다시[$:maj] 설명해[설명하다:v::$:] 줄게[줄다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you don't understand, I will explain again.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl179-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"도착[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하시면[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 바로[$:maj] 전화[$:nng] 주세요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please call right away when you arrive.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl179-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"시간[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">있으면[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 잠시[$:maj] 이야기[$:nng] 좀[$:maj] 하자[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you have time, let's talk for a bit.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl179-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 버튼[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">누르면[누르다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 자동[$:nng]으로[$:p] 문[$:nng]이[$:p] 열립니다[열리다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you press this button, the door will open automatically.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl179-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Because grammar in Korean comes at the end of clauses or the end of sentences, there are often useful words that come at the beginning of a sentence or clause that give the listener a heads up that you will be using a certain grammar form. In the case of -면, you can start the sentence with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"만약[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"supposing.\"\n }), \" It has the effect of letting someone know you are making an \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if\"\n }), \" statement, and also adds emphasis to the \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if\"\n }), \" feeling.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만약[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 간장[$:nng]이[$:p] 없으면[없다:a::$:] 소금[$:nng]을[$:p] 조금[$:maj] 더[$:maj] 넣으세요[넣다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you don't have soy sauce, put in a little more salt.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl179-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stem ending in batchim + 으면\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"먹으면[먹다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stem ending in vowel + 면\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하면[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"이다 + 면\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"생선[$:nng]이면[이다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n김치[$:nng]면[이다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8901,8665,8911,8922],{"id":8894,"title":8902,"mod":8903,"grammarPoint":8904,"grammarPointTitle":8902,"grammarPointDescription":8905,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8906,"similarGrammarPoints":8907,"tags":8908,"content":8909,"dependentGrammarPoints":8910,"language":6036},"-았\u002F었으면 - If it had",1757432593031,"eosseumyeon-if-it-had","-(으)면 can be used in the past tense form of -았\u002F었으면. You can use this to talk about hypothetical situations in the past.",[8082,8211],[8211],[6041,7596],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-았\u002F었으면 - If it had\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-(으)면 can be used in the past tense form of -았\u002F었으면. You can use this to talk about hypothetical situations in the past. The form -았\u002F었을 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것[$:nnb]이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used when saying something \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"would have\"\n }), \" happened, it naturally pairs with -았\u002F었으면.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">알았으면[알다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 갔을[가다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If I had known, I would have gone.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl180-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"카드[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">있었으면[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 편했을[편하다:a::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It would have been handy if I had had a card.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl180-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어릴[어리다:a::$:] 때[$:nng] 외국[$:nng]에서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">공부했으면[공부하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 지금[$:maj] 영어[$:nnp]를[$:p] 아주[$:maj] 잘[$:maj]했을[$:sv] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If I had studied in a foreign country when I was young, I would be really good at English now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl180-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"알았으면[알다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n생선[$:nng]이었으면[이다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n했으면[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":8895,"title":8912,"mod":8913,"grammarPoint":8914,"grammarPointTitle":8912,"grammarPointDescription":8915,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8916,"similarGrammarPoints":8918,"tags":8919,"content":8920,"dependentGrammarPoints":8921,"language":6036},"-(으)려면 - If you want to",1762520653679,"ryeomyeon-if-you-want-to","The combination of -려고 하면 is used to say if someone tries to do something.",[8211,8917],20640205384044,[],[6041,7596],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)려면 - If you want to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The combination of -려고 하면 is used to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if or when someone tries to do something.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">집중하려고[집중하다:v::$:] 하면[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 밖[$:nng]에서[$:p] 시끄러운[시끄럽다:a::$:] 소리[$:nng]가[$:p] 들려요[들리다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When I try to concentrate, I hear loud noises outside.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl274-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"우리[$:np] 집[$:nng] 강아지[$:nng]는[$:p] 사진[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">찍으려고[찍다:v::$:] 하면[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 자꾸[$:maj] 고개[$:nng]를[$:p] 돌려[돌리다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Whenever I try to take a picture of our dog, he keeps turning his head.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl274-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"편하게[편하다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쉬려고[쉬다:v::$:] 하면[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 일[$:nng]이[$:p] 생각나요[생각나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Whenever I try to relax comfortably, I think of work.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl274-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"-려면\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This grammar form can be shortened to -려면, but in this case the nuance is a bit different. -려면 focuses on the general conditions or prerequisites required for achieving a result or goal. It often translates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if you want to,\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in order to.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"영어[$:nnp]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">잘[$:maj] 하려면[하다:v::$]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 미국[$:nnp] 드라마[$:nng]를[$:p] 많이[$:maj] 봐야[보다:v::$:] 돼요[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you want to speak English well, you have to watch a lot of American shows.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl274-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"감기[$:nng] 빨리[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">나으려면[나다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 비타민[$:nng]을[$:p] 자주[$:maj] 드세요[들다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"In order to get better from a cold quickly, always take vitamins.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl274-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + (으)려고\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하려면[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n먹으려면[먹다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":8896,"title":8923,"mod":8924,"grammarPoint":8925,"grammarPointTitle":8923,"grammarPointDescription":8926,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8927,"similarGrammarPoints":8928,"tags":8929,"content":8930,"dependentGrammarPoints":8931,"language":6036},"-(으)ㄹ 때 - When",1758891837628,"l-dde-when","때 is a bound noun referring to time.",[8701],[8211],[6041,7143],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)ㄹ 때 - When\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"때[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a bound noun referring to time. When it follows a noun, it can be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"when\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"during\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">결혼식[$:nng] 때[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 입[$:nng]을[$:p] 옷[$:nng]을[$:p] 골라야[고르다:v::$:] 해요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I have to choose clothes to wear to the wedding.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl283-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">휴가[$:nng] 때[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 쓰려고[쓰다:v::$:] 돈[$:nng]을[$:p] 모았어요[모으다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I saved money to use during vacation.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl283-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"때[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also follow the future tense noun modifier ending -ㄹ to say things like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"when I was young\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"whenever I eat.\"\n }), \" Even though -ㄹ usually indicates future tense, in -ㄹ 때 it does not. It is better to think of it as tense-less, with the overall tense of the sentence being determined by the sentence ending.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It can refer to the future:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"엄마[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">잘[자다:v::$:] 때[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 몰래[$:maj] 나갈게[나가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'll sneak out while mom's asleep.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl283-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the present tense, it has a meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"whenever.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"밤[$:nng]에[$:p] 혼자[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">있을[있다:v::$:] 때[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 무서워요[무섭다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's scary when I'm alone at night.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl283-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It can even be used for the past tense.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">젊을[젊다:a::$:] 때[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>는[$:p] 몸[$:nng]이[$:p] 약했어요[약하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When I was young, my body was weak.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl283-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For the past tense, you can also use the form -았\u002F었을 때 with no change in meaning.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사건[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">일어났을[일어나다:v::$:] 때[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 어디[$:np]서[$:p] 뭐[$:np] 하고[하다:v::$:] 계셨죠[$:b]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What were you doing and where were you when the incident happened?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl283-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Don't forget you can also use the grammar form -면 to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"when.\"\n }), \" The difference is that -ㄹ 때 sounds more certain and can't be interpreted as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if\"\n }), \" like -면 can.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 때\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"방학[$:nng] 때[$:nng]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb or adj. stem +ㄹ 때\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할[하다:v::$:] 때[$:nng]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb or adj. stem +았\u002F었을 때\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"했을[하다:v::$:] 때[$:nng]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":8894,"title":8902,"mod":8903,"grammarPoint":8904,"grammarPointTitle":8902,"grammarPointDescription":8905,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8906,"similarGrammarPoints":8907,"tags":8934,"content":8909,"dependentGrammarPoints":8910,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8935,"prereqPoints":8938},[6037,7592],[8936],{"id":8211,"title":8888,"mod":8889,"grammarPoint":8890,"grammarPointTitle":8888,"grammarPointDescription":8891,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8892,"similarGrammarPoints":8893,"tags":8937,"content":8898,"dependentGrammarPoints":8899,"language":6036},[6041,7596],[8939,8936],{"id":8082,"title":8083,"mod":8084,"grammarPoint":8085,"grammarPointTitle":8083,"grammarPointDescription":8086,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8087,"similarGrammarPoints":8088,"tags":8940,"content":8090,"dependentGrammarPoints":8091,"language":6036},[6041,6870],{"id":8942,"title":8943,"mod":8944,"grammarPoint":8945,"grammarPointTitle":8946,"grammarPointDescription":8947,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8948,"similarGrammarPoints":8949,"tags":8953,"content":8954,"dependentGrammarPoints":8955,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8956,"prereqPoints":8987},20543852977812,"(이)나 - “Or\" with nouns",1757432682525,"na-or","(이)나 - \"Or\" with nouns","The particle 나\u002F이나 is added to a sequence of nouns to say \"or.\"",[],[8950,8951,8952],20543968327260,20543853274464,20572037591028,[6037,6079],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"(이)나 - “Or\\\" with nouns\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle 나\u002F이나 is added to a sequence of nouns to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"or.\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to nouns that end in a vowel and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이나[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to words that end in a batchim. It replaces other particles.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"점심[$:nng]으로[$:p] 피자[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">나[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 햄버거[$:nng] 어때요[어떻다:a::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How about pizza or hamburgers for lunch?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl181-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지하철[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이나[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 버스[$:nng]를[$:p] 타고[타다:v::$:] 가면[가다:v::$:] 돼요[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You can go by subway or bus.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl181-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It's possible to list as many nouns as you want by adding (이)나 to each one.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 티셔츠[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">노란색[$:nng]이나[$:p] 보라색[$:nng]이나[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 핑크색[$:nng] 있어요[있다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Do you have this t-shirt in yellow or purple or pink?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl181-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This grammar can't be used to offer someone a choice.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"커피[$:nng]나[$:p] 차[$:nnb]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Coffee or tea?\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun ending in a vowel + 나\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"딸기[$:nng]나[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun ending in a batchim + 이나\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"책[$:nng]이나[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8957,8967,8977],{"id":8950,"title":8958,"mod":8959,"grammarPoint":8960,"grammarPointTitle":8958,"grammarPointDescription":8961,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8962,"similarGrammarPoints":8963,"tags":8964,"content":8965,"dependentGrammarPoints":8966,"language":6036},"-거나 - “Or\" with verbs and adjectives",1757435419322,"geona-or","-거나 is added to the stem of a verb or adjective to say \"verb or verb\" or \"adjective or adjective.\"",[],[8942],[6041,7596],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-거나 - “Or\\\" with verbs and adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"By adding -거나 to the stem of a verb or adjective you can express the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">verb\u003C\u002Fstrong> or \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">verb\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">adjective\u003C\u002Fstrong> or \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">adjective\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"심심할[심심하다:a::$:] 때[$:nng] 음악[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">듣거나[듣다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 책[$:nng]을[$:p] 읽어요[읽다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When I'm bored I listen to music or read a book.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl182-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"주말[$:nng]에[$:p]는[$:p] 등산[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가거나[가다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 자전거[$:nng]를[$:p] 타요[타다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"On the weekend I'll go hiking or ride a bike.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl182-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"음식[$:nng] 맛[$:nng]이[$:p] 너무[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">짜거나[짜다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 달지[달다:v::$:] 않아서[$:b] 좋아요[좋다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The food is good since it is not too salty or sweet.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl182-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"or not\"\n }), \" you can use the form -거나 말거나. The 말 part comes from the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"말다[말다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" like in -지 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"말다[말다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">믿거나[믿다:v::$:] 말거나예요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Believe it or not.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl182-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb + 거나\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"자거나[자다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"adjective + 거나\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"바쁘거나[바쁘다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":8951,"title":8968,"mod":8969,"grammarPoint":8970,"grammarPointTitle":8968,"grammarPointDescription":8971,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8972,"similarGrammarPoints":8973,"tags":8974,"content":8975,"dependentGrammarPoints":8976,"language":6036},"(이)나 - Or something",1757516575112,"na-or-something","(이)나 means \"or,\" but it can also have the nuance of \"or something.\"",[8942],[8942,8950],[6041,6082],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"(이)나 - Or something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"(이)나 simply means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"or,\"\n }), \" but it can also be used to indicate that while something maybe isn't what is wanted, it is the best available option. It equates to adding \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"or something\"\n }), \" to the end of the sentence in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"커피[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">나[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 차[$:nnb] 한잔[$:nng] 드릴까요[드리다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Would you like coffee or tea or something?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl183-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"우리[$:np] 아이[$:nng]는[$:p] 사탕[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이나[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 초콜렛[$:nng]만[$:p] 좋아해[좋아하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My kid only likes candy and chocolate and stuff like that.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl183-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"남자[$:nng]들[$:sn]은[$:p] 시계[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">나[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 벨트[$:nng]는[$:p] 비싼[비싸다:a::$:] 걸[$:nnb] 좋아하는[좋아하다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb] 같아요[같다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think men like watches and belts and expensive stuff like that.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl183-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun ending in a vowel + 나\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"딸기[$:nng]나[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun ending in a batchim + 이나\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"책[$:nng]이나[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":8952,"title":8978,"mod":8979,"grammarPoint":8980,"grammarPointTitle":8978,"grammarPointDescription":8981,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8982,"similarGrammarPoints":8983,"tags":8984,"content":8985,"dependentGrammarPoints":8986,"language":6036},"아니면 - Or",1757516527999,"animyeon-or","아니면 means \"or\" and is used when only one of the options will be possible.",[6099,8211,8942,8951],[8942],[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"아니면 - Or\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"While (이)나 can be used to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">noun\u003C\u002Fstrong> or \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">noun\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \", it can't be used to offer someone a choice. One way to offer someone a choice between two things is to use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니면[아니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니다[아니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" + -면, and literally means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if not.\"\n }), \" Using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니면[아니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" implies that only one of the choices will be possible and it does not have the \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"or something\"\n }), \" feeling that (이)나 has.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"커피[$:nng], \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아니면[아니다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 차[$:nnb]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Coffee or tea?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl184-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] 저녁[$:nng]은[$:p] 집[$:nng]에서[$:p] 먹을까[먹다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아니면[아니다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 나가서[나가다:v::$:] 먹을까[먹다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Should we eat at home for dinner or go out?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl184-2b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"포장해[포장하다:v::$:]드릴까요[$:b]? \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아니면[아니다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 가져가시겠어요[가져가다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Shall I wrap this up for you? Or do you want to take it with you?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl184-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In English it might seem a little strange to divide choices into two separate sentences like this, but it is perfectly natural in Korean, even when it is repetitive. In fact, you can even leave out \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니면[아니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" entirely and just state the two options. Even though the following is one sentence, 요 is added to the first clause.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"선물[$:nng] 받으실[받다:v::$:] 분[$:nnb]이[$:p] 남자[$:nng]예요[이다:v::$:], 여자[$:nng]예요[이다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Is the recipient of the gift a man or a woman?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl184-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니면[아니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" doesn't always mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"or,\"\n }), \" it is also used simply to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if not.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"너[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아니면[아니다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 아무[$:np]도[$:p] 성공[$:nng] 못[$:maj] 해[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If it's not you, no one can succeed.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl184-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"진짜[$:maj] 중요한[중요하다:a::$:] 일[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아니면[아니다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이[$:mm] 옷[$:nng]은[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 안[$:maj] 입어요[입다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't wear this much unless it's for something really important.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl184-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":8950,"title":8958,"mod":8959,"grammarPoint":8960,"grammarPointTitle":8958,"grammarPointDescription":8961,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8962,"similarGrammarPoints":8963,"tags":8989,"content":8965,"dependentGrammarPoints":8966,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8990,"prereqPoints":8993},[6037,7592],[8991],{"id":8942,"title":8943,"mod":8944,"grammarPoint":8945,"grammarPointTitle":8946,"grammarPointDescription":8947,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8948,"similarGrammarPoints":8949,"tags":8992,"content":8954,"dependentGrammarPoints":8955,"language":6036},[6041,6082],[],{"id":8951,"title":8968,"mod":8969,"grammarPoint":8970,"grammarPointTitle":8968,"grammarPointDescription":8971,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8972,"similarGrammarPoints":8973,"tags":8995,"content":8975,"dependentGrammarPoints":8976,"language":6036,"similarPoints":8996,"prereqPoints":8997},[6037,6079],[8991,8957],[8991],{"id":8952,"title":8978,"mod":8979,"grammarPoint":8980,"grammarPointTitle":8978,"grammarPointDescription":8981,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8982,"similarGrammarPoints":8983,"tags":8999,"content":8985,"dependentGrammarPoints":8986,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9000,"prereqPoints":9001},[6037],[8991],[9002,8936,8991,8967],{"id":6099,"title":6100,"mod":6101,"grammarPoint":6102,"grammarPointTitle":6100,"grammarPointDescription":6103,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6104,"similarGrammarPoints":6105,"tags":9003,"content":6107,"dependentGrammarPoints":6108,"language":6036},[6041,6035,6064,6059],{"id":9005,"title":9006,"mod":9007,"grammarPoint":9008,"grammarPointTitle":9006,"grammarPointDescription":9009,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9010,"similarGrammarPoints":9011,"tags":9012,"content":9013,"dependentGrammarPoints":9014,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9015,"prereqPoints":9016},20543853099828,"(이)나 - As many as",1757516862315,"na-as-many-as","(이)나 typically means \"or,\" but it can also be used to express that the amount of something is bigger than expected.",[8942],[],[6037,6079],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"(이)나 - As many as\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"(이)나 typically means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"or,\"\n }), \" but it can also be used to express that the amount of something is bigger than expected. It is equivalent to saying an amount with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"emphasis\"\n }), \" to express some feeling of emotion related to the number. \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I studied for \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">fourteen hours\u003C\u002Fstrong> yesterday!\"\n }), \" It can also be translated to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"as many as.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"회의[$:nng]를[$:p] 다섯[$:nr] 시간[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이나[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 해서[하다:v::$:] 너무[$:maj] 피곤[$:nng]해요[$:sv].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm tired because I had meetings for as many as five hours.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl185-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"시험[$:nng]이[$:p] 아직[$:maj] 일주일[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이나[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 남았는데[남다:v::$:] 벌써[$:maj] 불안해[불안하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm anxious even though there is still a week left until the test.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl185-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"게임기[$:nng]가[$:p] 70만원[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이나[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 해[하다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Does the game console cost as much as ₩700,000?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl185-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun ending in a vowel + 나\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"8 마리나[$:nnp]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun ending in a batchim + 이나\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"6 명[$:nnb]이나[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[8991],{"id":8453,"title":8666,"mod":8667,"grammarPoint":8668,"grammarPointTitle":8666,"grammarPointDescription":8669,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8670,"similarGrammarPoints":8671,"tags":9018,"content":8674,"dependentGrammarPoints":8675,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9019,"prereqPoints":9030},[6037],[8936,9020,8676],{"id":8672,"title":9021,"mod":9022,"grammarPoint":9023,"grammarPointTitle":9021,"grammarPointDescription":9024,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9025,"similarGrammarPoints":9026,"tags":9027,"content":9028,"dependentGrammarPoints":9029,"language":6036},"하는지 안 하는지 - Does or not",1757517909879,"haneunji-an-haneunji-does-or-not","This lessons teaches how to say \"whether or not.\"",[8453],[8952],[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"하는지 안 하는지 - Does or not\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-는지 expresses uncertainy - \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I don't know if.\"\n }), \" You can also use it twice in the same sentence to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"whether or not.\"\n }), \" To do this, you say the first verb or adjective in its positive form, and again in its negative form, both with 는지.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아픈지[아프다:a::$:] 안[$:maj] 아픈지[아프다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 알려주세요[알려주다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let me know if it hurts or not.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl187-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 선수[$:nng]가[$:p] 우리[$:np]팀[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">올지[오다:v::$:] 안[$:maj] 올지[오다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 모르겠어요[모르다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't know if that player will come to our team or not.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl187-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 사람[$:nng]이[$:p] 저[$:np]한테[$:p] 관심[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">있는지[있다:v::$:] 없는지[없다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 알고[알다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to know if that person is interested in me or not.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl187-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">살지[살다:v::$:] 말지[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 빨리[$:maj] 정해[정하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Decide quickly if you're going to buy it or not.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl187-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"For \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" verbs, the attached noun can be dropped from the second \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지금[$:maj] 이[$:mm] 프로젝트[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">시작할지[시작하다:v::$:] 안[$:maj] 할지[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 결정해야[결정하다:a::$:] 해요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We have to decide if we will start this project now or not.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl187-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"whether or not\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하는지[하다:v::$:] 안[$:maj] 하는지[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n하는지[하다:v::$:] 하지[하다:v::$:] 않은지[$:b]\u003Cbr>\\n있는지[있다:v::$:] 없는지[없다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n생선[$:nng]인지[이다:v::$:] 아닌지[아니다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7881,8637,7895,7923,8042],{"id":8672,"title":9021,"mod":9022,"grammarPoint":9023,"grammarPointTitle":9021,"grammarPointDescription":9024,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9025,"similarGrammarPoints":9026,"tags":9032,"content":9028,"dependentGrammarPoints":9029,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9033,"prereqPoints":9034},[6037],[8977],[8665],{"id":8550,"title":8677,"mod":8678,"grammarPoint":8679,"grammarPointTitle":8677,"grammarPointDescription":8680,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8681,"similarGrammarPoints":8682,"tags":9036,"content":8684,"dependentGrammarPoints":8685,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9037,"prereqPoints":9038},[6037],[8543],[8665],{"id":8199,"title":8205,"mod":8206,"grammarPoint":8207,"grammarPointTitle":8205,"grammarPointDescription":8208,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8209,"similarGrammarPoints":8210,"tags":9040,"content":8213,"dependentGrammarPoints":8214,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9041,"prereqPoints":9042},[6037],[8936],[],{"id":9044,"title":9045,"mod":9046,"grammarPoint":9047,"grammarPointTitle":9048,"grammarPointDescription":9049,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9050,"similarGrammarPoints":9051,"tags":9053,"content":9054,"dependentGrammarPoints":9055,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9056,"prereqPoints":9067},20565560789664,"-(이)라도 - Even if it’s X",1757519429195,"irado-even-if","-이라도 - Even if it's X","-(이)라도 is used when you want to say that something is good enough, even though you would rather have a better option.",[6047,6099,8951,8199],[8951,8199,9052],20565561105924,[6037],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(이)라도 - Even if it’s X\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When 이다 is used with -어도 it usually takes the form of (이)라도. For example, instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"빵[$:nng]이어도[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"빵[$:nng]이라도[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It often gives the feeling that the speaker is mentioning something that is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"good enough,\"\n }), \" even though they would rather have a better option. For instance, \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"let's just have bread (even though I'd prefer to eat something else).\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"바쁘면[바쁘다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">문자[$:nng]라도[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 보내주세요[보내주다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you're busy, at least send me a message.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl190-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여행[$:nng]은[$:p] 못[$:maj] 가도[가다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">드라이브[$:nng]라도[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 갈래[$:nng]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even if we can't go on vacation, you want to at least go for a drive?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl190-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하루[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">5분[$:nnb]이라도[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 한국어[$:nng]를[$:p] 연습해[연습하다:v::$:]보세요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Try to practice Korean, even if it is just five minutes a day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl190-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"아니다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니다[아니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also used in the form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니라도[아니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"좋은[좋다:a::$:] 카메라[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아니라도[아니다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 사진[$:nng]을[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 찍을[찍다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She can take pictures well even if it isn't a good camera.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl190-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"(이)나 vs (이)라도\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"(이)나 and (이)라도 are quite similar in that they are both used when a choice is not important. However, the nuance is slightly different.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"라면[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이라도[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 먹어[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Eat, even if it's just ramyun (you will die if you don't eat something).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl190-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"라면[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이나[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 먹어[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Eat ramyun or something (and don't bother me).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl190-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"There is a case in which 이다 and 아니다 + 아\u002F어도 can also be expressed as 이어도 and 아니어도, but we will cover that in another lesson.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 이다 + 라도\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사과[$:nng]라도[이다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n라면[$:nng]이라도[이다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8967,8204,9057],{"id":9052,"title":9058,"mod":9059,"grammarPoint":9060,"grammarPointTitle":9058,"grammarPointDescription":9061,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9062,"similarGrammarPoints":9063,"tags":9064,"content":9065,"dependentGrammarPoints":9066,"language":6036},"아무리 -어도 - No matter how",1757601286710,"no-matter-how","The pattern 아무리 adds emphasis to -아\u002F어도 and means \"no matter how I....\"",[8199,9044],[8199,9044],[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"아무리 -어도 - No matter how\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The adverb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무리[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"no matter how.\"\n }), \" Just like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"만약[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be added to the beginning of -면 clauses to add emphasis, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무리[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" adds emphasis to -아\u002F어도 statements.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무리[$:maj] 바빠도[바쁘다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 식사[$:nng]는[$:p] 꼭[$:maj] 하세요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"No matter how busy you are, make sure to eat.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl197-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무리[$:maj] 추워도[춥다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 산책[$:nng]은[$:p] 매일[$:maj] 할[하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"No matter how cold it is, I'm going to go for a walk every day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl197-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" + \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"도[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is usually expressed as 이라도, but there are cases where it can be expressed as 이어도. Even without \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무리[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", 이어도\u002F여도 still has the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"no matter if,\"\n }), \" it doesn't mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"even if.\"\n }), \" For \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"even if,\"\n }), \" you must use 이라도.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"대학원[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">학생[$:nng]이어도[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이[$:mm] 문제[$:nng]는[$:p] 못[$:maj] 풀어[풀다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"No matter if you're a graduate student, you wouldn't be able to solve this problem.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl197-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"좋은[좋다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">의사[$:nng]여도[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 그[$:mm] 수술[$:nng]은[$:p] 어려워요[어렵다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"No matter if you're a good doctor, that surgery is difficult.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl197-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"아무리 + 아\u002F어도\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아무리[$:maj] 먹어도[먹다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n아무리[$:maj] 해도[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6110,9002,8967,8204],{"id":8442,"title":8448,"mod":8449,"grammarPoint":8450,"grammarPointTitle":8448,"grammarPointDescription":8451,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8452,"similarGrammarPoints":8454,"tags":9069,"content":8456,"dependentGrammarPoints":8457,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9070,"prereqPoints":9071},[6037],[8487],[8229,8665],{"id":9073,"title":9074,"mod":9075,"grammarPoint":9076,"grammarPointTitle":9074,"grammarPointDescription":9077,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9078,"similarGrammarPoints":9079,"tags":9080,"content":9081,"dependentGrammarPoints":9082,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9083,"prereqPoints":9086},20794805623980,"모두\u002F모든 - Everyone\u002Fall",1757596576327,"everyone-all","모두 means \"all or everyone without exception.\" 모든 can be used before a noun to express \"all\" of that noun.",[6924],[6924],[6037,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"모두\u002F모든 - Everyone\u002Fall\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"모두[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is another word meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"all.\"\n }), \" It is very similar in usage and meaning to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"다[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and is often used along with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"다[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". There is only a slight difference in nuance, in that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"모두[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has a feeling of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"every single one.\"\n }), \" When talking about people, it can translate to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"everyone.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] 회의[$:nng]에[$:p] 대한[대하다:v::$:] 질문[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">모두[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 받겠습니다[받다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'll take all the questions about today's meeting.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl192-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"자[$:nnb], \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">모두[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 일어나[일어나다:v::$:] 주세요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Okay, everyone stand up.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl192-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The noun modifier form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"모두[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"모든[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (note the vowel change from ㅜ to ㅡ).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">모든[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 일[$:nng]을[$:p] 완벽하게[완벽하다:a::$:] 하고[하다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to do everything perfectly.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl192-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">모든[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 한국[$:nnp] 음식[$:nng]이[$:p] 다[$:maj] 맵지는[맵다:a::$:] 않아요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Not all Korean food is spicy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl192-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9084],{"id":6924,"title":6925,"mod":6926,"grammarPoint":6927,"grammarPointTitle":6928,"grammarPointDescription":6929,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6930,"similarGrammarPoints":6931,"tags":9085,"content":6933,"dependentGrammarPoints":6934,"language":6036},[6041,6479,6035],[9084],{"id":9088,"title":9089,"mod":9090,"grammarPoint":9091,"grammarPointTitle":9089,"grammarPointDescription":9092,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9093,"similarGrammarPoints":9094,"tags":9098,"content":9099,"dependentGrammarPoints":9100,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9101,"prereqPoints":9132},20565560987676,"아무 - Any",1757596933617,"amu-any","아무 means \"any\" and is used in conjunction with the particle (이)나 to say things like \"any seat is fine\" or \"don't say anything.\"",[8192,8951],[9095,9096,9097,9052],20567714089068,20567714367576,20567714500620,[6037,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"아무 - Any\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a word that means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"any,\"\n }), \" and we will be talking about its various usages over the next few lessons.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Firstly, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used as a noun modifier to say things like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"any reason\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"any seat.\"\n }), \" The noun that follows \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in this usage will often have the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(이)나[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" attached. You've seen this particle before being used to mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"or something.\"\n }), \" However, the usage here is different. It is used to indicate all of something, like saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Any will do out of \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">all\u003C\u002Fstrong> these chairs.\"\n }), \" This usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is exclusive to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" phrases, so it's okay to just consider them as a whole rather than remembering \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" = all.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"갑자기[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이유[$:nng] 없이[$:maj] 화[$:nng]를[$:p] 냈어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I suddenly got angry without any reason.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl193-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그냥[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 말[$:nng]이나[$:p] 해[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Just say anything.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl193-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also frequently used in negative sentences. In this case, the noun that follows it uses the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"도[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and the verb or adjective needs to be negative.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"나[$:np]는[$:p] 오늘[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 계획[$:nng]도[$:p] 없어[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't have any plans today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl193-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 손님[$:nng]도[$:p] 없었어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Today we didn't have any customers.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl193-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"아무 + noun + 나\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아무[$:mm] 이유[$:nng]나[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"아무 + noun + 도 + negative verb or adj.\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아무[$:mm] 이유[$:nng]도[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9102,9112,9122,9057],{"id":9095,"title":9103,"mod":9104,"grammarPoint":9105,"grammarPointTitle":9103,"grammarPointDescription":9106,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9107,"similarGrammarPoints":9108,"tags":9109,"content":9110,"dependentGrammarPoints":9111,"language":6036},"아무나\u002F아무도 - Anyone\u002Fno one",1757598006244,"anyone-no-one","아무 can be used as a pronoun. It means anyone or anybody.",[8192,8951,9088],[9088,9096,9097],[6338,6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"아무나\u002F아무도 - Anyone\u002Fno one\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used as a pronoun. In this case, it means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"anyone\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"anybody.\"\n }), \" That is, it refers to \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"people\"\n }), \". It is also almost always used with the particles \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"도[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"아무나\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무[$:np]나[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"anybody\u002Fanyone\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무[$:np]나[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 할[성공하다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Anyone can do it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl194-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"But when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무[$:np]나[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is paired with a negative verb, the sentence as a whole has a meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"not just anyone.\"\n }), \" It's pretty tricky if you try to translate these sentences literally because \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"anyone can't go in\"\n }), \" doesn't quite make sense in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무[$:np]나[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 못[$:maj] 들어가요[들어가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Not just anyone can go in.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl194-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"아무도\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" + \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"도[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has the literal meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"even any one person,\"\n }), \" but it might be easier to conceptualize it as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"no one\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"nobody.\"\n }), \" It is used exclusively with negative verbs. This can also be a little confusing for English speakers because it can sound like a double negative. In English we don't (i.e. shouldn't) say \\\"I don't know nobody,\\\" but in Korean that would be correct.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무[$:np]도[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 내[$:np] 말[$:nng]을[$:p] 믿지[믿다:v::$:] 않았어[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Nobody believes what I say.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl194-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:np]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무[$:np]도[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 모르게[모르다:v::$:] 사무실[$:nng]에[$:p] 들어왔다[들어오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He entered the office without anyone knowing.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl194-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"아무 + 나\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아무[$:np]나[$:p] 할[하다:v::$:] 일[$:nng]이야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"아무 + 도 + negative verb or adj.\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아무[$:np]도[$:p] 없어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":9096,"title":9113,"mod":9114,"grammarPoint":9115,"grammarPointTitle":9113,"grammarPointDescription":9116,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9117,"similarGrammarPoints":9118,"tags":9119,"content":9120,"dependentGrammarPoints":9121,"language":6036},"아무거나\u002F아무것도 - Anything\u002Fnothing",1757598133191,"anything-nothing","아무거나 means \"anything\" and 아무것도 means \"nothing.\"",[8192,8951,9088],[9088,9095,9097],[6041,6035],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"아무거나\u002F아무것도 - Anything\u002Fnothing\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Combining \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" creates the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무것[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"anything.\"\n }), \" In postive sentences it is typically combined with the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", in the form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무거[$:np]나[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무거[$:np]나[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 주세요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Give me anything.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl195-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"먹고[먹다:v::$:] 싶은[$:b] 거[$:nnb] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무[$:np]거나[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 골라[고르다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Choose anything you want to eat.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl195-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무것[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" + \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"도[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"nothing\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"not anything.\"\n }), \" Like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무[$:np]도[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it is only used with negative verbs and adjectives.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무것[$:nng]도[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 먹지[먹다:v::$:] 않고[$:b] 하루[$:nng] 종일[$:nng] 굶었어요[굶다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I didn't anything and starved all day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl195-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"냉장고[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무것[$:nng]도[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 없어서[없다:a::$:] 요리[$:nng]를[$:p] 할[하다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 없어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There is nothing in the refrigerator, so I can't cook.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl195-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"아무것 + 나\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아무[$:np]거나[이다:v::$:] 줘[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"아무것 + 도 + negative verb or adj.\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아무것[$:nng]도[$:p] 안[$:maj] 했어요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":9097,"title":9123,"mod":9124,"grammarPoint":9125,"grammarPointTitle":9123,"grammarPointDescription":9126,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9127,"similarGrammarPoints":9128,"tags":9129,"content":9130,"dependentGrammarPoints":9131,"language":6036},"아무 데, 아무 때 - Anywhere, anytime",1757599455886,"anywhere-anytime","This lesson will teach you two new bound nouns which will allow you to say :tq[anywhere] and :tq[anytime.]",[8192,8951,9088],[9088,9095,9096],[6041,7143],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"아무 데, 아무 때 - Anywhere, anytime\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This lesson will teach you two new bound nouns which will allow you to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"anywhere\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"anytime.\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"데 - place\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The bound noun \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"데[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means place, and it is frequently used with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"anywhere.\"\n }), \" Note that unlike \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무것[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", there needs to be a space between \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"데[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". In positive sentences it is typically combined with the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가게[가다:v::$:] 앞[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무[$:mm] 데[$:nnb]나[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 주차해도[주차하다:v::$:] 돼[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You can park anywhere in front of the store.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl196-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"쓰레기[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무[$:mm] 데[$:nnb]나[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 버리지[$:b] 마세요[말다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don't throw away your trash just anywhere.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl196-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무[$:mm] 데[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" combines with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"도[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and a negative word to give the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"nowhere\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"not anywhere.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"자리[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무[$:mm] 데[$:nnb]도[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 없어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There's no seat anywhere.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl196-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저녁[$:nng]에[$:p]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무[$:mm] 데[$:nnb]도[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 가고[가다:v::$:] 싶지[$:b] 않았어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't want to go anywhere in the evening.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl196-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"때 - time\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"때[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a bound noun meaning time, and it can be combined with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아무[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to create the meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"anytime.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"심심하면[심심하다:a::$:] 우리[$:np] 집[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무[$:mm] 때[$:nng]나[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 와도[오다:v::$:] 돼[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You can come to my house anytime if you're bored.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002F196-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"회의실[$:nng]이[$:p] 비어[비다:v::$:]있으면[$:b] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아무[$:mm] 때[$:nng]나[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 사용[$:nng]해도[$:sv] 괜찮아요[괜찮다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If the meeting room is vacant, you can use it anytime.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl196-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Finally, there is no \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\\\"아무[$:mm] 때[$:nng]도[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\\\" Instead, you can use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"절대\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is an adverb meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"absolutely.\"\n }), \" When it is used with a negative verb, it often translates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"never.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">절대[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 안[$:maj] 해[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I never do that.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl196-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 사람[$:nng]의[$:p] 말[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">절대[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 믿지[믿다:v::$:] 마세요[말다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Never believe what that person says.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl196-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">절대[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 아니에요[아니다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Absolutely not.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl196-9.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"절대[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is not paired with a negative verb, it only translates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"absolutely\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"absolute.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 왕[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">절대[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 권력[$:nng]을[$:p] 원했어요[원하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That king wanted absolute authority.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl196-10.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"아무 + 데 + 나\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아무 데나 가\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"아무 + 데 + 도 + negative verb or adj.\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아무[$:mm] 데[$:nnb]도[$:p] 안[$:maj] 가[가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"아무 + 때 + 나\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아무[$:mm] 때[$:nng]나[$:p] 언락[$:nng]해[$:sv] 줘[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"절대 + negative verb\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"절대[$:maj] 안[$:maj] 해[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8229,8967],{"id":9095,"title":9103,"mod":9104,"grammarPoint":9105,"grammarPointTitle":9103,"grammarPointDescription":9106,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9107,"similarGrammarPoints":9108,"tags":9134,"content":9110,"dependentGrammarPoints":9111,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9135,"prereqPoints":9138},[6335,6037],[9136,9112,9122],{"id":9088,"title":9089,"mod":9090,"grammarPoint":9091,"grammarPointTitle":9089,"grammarPointDescription":9092,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9093,"similarGrammarPoints":9094,"tags":9137,"content":9099,"dependentGrammarPoints":9100,"language":6036},[6041,6035],[8229,8967,9136],{"id":9096,"title":9113,"mod":9114,"grammarPoint":9115,"grammarPointTitle":9113,"grammarPointDescription":9116,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9117,"similarGrammarPoints":9118,"tags":9140,"content":9120,"dependentGrammarPoints":9121,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9141,"prereqPoints":9142},[6037,6031],[9136,9102,9122],[8229,8967,9136],{"id":9097,"title":9123,"mod":9124,"grammarPoint":9125,"grammarPointTitle":9123,"grammarPointDescription":9126,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9127,"similarGrammarPoints":9128,"tags":9144,"content":9130,"dependentGrammarPoints":9131,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9145,"prereqPoints":9146},[6037,8035],[9136,9102,9112],[8229,8967,9136],{"id":9052,"title":9058,"mod":9059,"grammarPoint":9060,"grammarPointTitle":9058,"grammarPointDescription":9061,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9062,"similarGrammarPoints":9063,"tags":9148,"content":9065,"dependentGrammarPoints":9066,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9149,"prereqPoints":9152},[6037],[8204,9150],{"id":9044,"title":9045,"mod":9046,"grammarPoint":9047,"grammarPointTitle":9048,"grammarPointDescription":9049,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9050,"similarGrammarPoints":9051,"tags":9151,"content":9054,"dependentGrammarPoints":9055,"language":6036},[6041],[8204,9150],{"id":9154,"title":9155,"mod":9156,"grammarPoint":9157,"grammarPointTitle":9155,"grammarPointDescription":9158,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9159,"similarGrammarPoints":9160,"tags":9163,"content":9164,"dependentGrammarPoints":9165,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9166,"prereqPoints":9187},20568595344972,"-아\u002F어도 되다 - You may",1757601700953,"eodo-dweda-you-may","-아\u002F어도 되다 literally means even if you do it, it's okay. It can be used to give or ask permission.",[7040,7468,7048,8199],[9161,9162],20568595459392,20568595543896,[6037],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어도 되다 - You may\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-아\u002F어도 means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"even if\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"되다[되다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can have the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it works\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it's okay.\"\n }), \" When you combine these, it literally means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"even if you do it, it's okay.\"\n }), \" It can be used to \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"give\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"ask\"\n }), \" permission.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:mm] 이제[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가[가다:v::$:] 봐도[보다:v::$:] 될까요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"May I go now?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl198-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:mm] 이거[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">먹어도[먹다:v::$:] 돼요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"May I eat this?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl198-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가위[$:nng]로[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">잘라도[자르다:v::$:] 돼[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You can cut it with scissors.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl198-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"getting comfortable\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You can use this form when you want to ask someone if it is okay if you speak banmal to them. This is typically said in the following ways:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"말[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">놔[놓다:v::$:]도[$:p] 돼요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"May I put down my speech?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl198-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"말[$:nng] 편하게[편하다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">해도[하다:v::$:] 돼요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"May I speak comfortably?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl198-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can also use this grammar with negative verbs to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it's okay if you don't.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:nng]은[$:p] 야근[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하지[하다:v::$:] 않아도[$:b] 돼요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's okay if you don't work overtime today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl198-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"보고서[$:nng]는[$:p] 오늘[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">안[$:maj] 써도[쓰다:v::$:] 돼[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's okay if you write a report today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl198-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Finally, it's possible to replace \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"되다[되다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with a few other adjectives like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"괜찮다[괜찮다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"좋다[좋다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"외모[$:nng]는[$:p] 중요하지[중요하다:a::$:] 않아요[$:b]. 조금[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">못생겨도[못생기다:a::$:] 괜찮아요[괜찮다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"External appearance is not important. It's okay to be a bit ugly.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl198-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stem + 아\u002F어도 되다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"해도[하다:v::$:] 돼[되다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n가도[가다:v::$:] 돼요[되다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n안[$:maj] 써도[쓰다:v::$:] 돼[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9167,9177],{"id":9161,"title":9168,"mod":9169,"grammarPoint":9170,"grammarPointTitle":9168,"grammarPointDescription":9171,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9172,"similarGrammarPoints":9173,"tags":9174,"content":9175,"dependentGrammarPoints":9176,"language":6036},"-면 안 되다 - Must not",1757602009939,"myeon-an-dweda-must-not","To say something is not allowed you use the form -면 안 되다, which literally means \"if you do it, it's not okay.\"",[7040,7468,8211],[8336,9154,9162],[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-면 안 되다 - Must not\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To say something is not allowed (basically, the opposite of -아\u002F어도 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"되다[되다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") you use the form -면 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"안[$:maj] 되다[되다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" - \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if you do it, it's not okay.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"차[$:nng]를[$:p] 운전할[운전하다:v::$:] 때[$:nng]는[$:p] 핸드폰[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보면[보다:v::$:] 안[$:maj] 돼요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You must not look at your phone while driving a car.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl199-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 약[$:nng]을[$:p] 먹을[먹다:v::$:] 때[$:nng]는[$:p] 술[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">마시면[마시다:v::$:] 안[$:maj] 돼요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You must not drink alcohol when you take this medicine.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl199-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"업데이트[$:nng] 중[$:nnb]에[$:p] 컴퓨터[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">끄면[끄다:v::$:] 안[$:maj] 돼[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You must not turn off the computer during the update.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl199-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This form can also be used to ask if something is not allowed.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"창문[$:nng] 조금[$:maj] 열면[열다:v::$:] 안[$:maj] 돼요[되다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Can I not open the window a little?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl199-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This could also be said using -아\u002F어도 되다 with only a slight change in meaning:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"창문[$:nng] 조금[$:maj] 열어도[열다:v::$:] 돼요[되다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"May I open the window a little?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl199-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stem + 면 안 되다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가면[가다:v::$:] 안[$:maj] 돼[되다:v::$:].\u003Cbr>\\n넣으면[넣다:v::$:] 안[$:maj] 돼요[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":9162,"title":9178,"mod":9179,"grammarPoint":9180,"grammarPointTitle":9178,"grammarPointDescription":9181,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9182,"similarGrammarPoints":9183,"tags":9184,"content":9185,"dependentGrammarPoints":9186,"language":6036},"-면 되다 - Just do",1757603079363,"myeon-dweda-just-do","-면 되다 literally means \"if you do it, it works.\" It's used for asking how to accomplish something or for telling someone how they can accomplish something.",[9154],[9154,9161],[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-면 되다 - Just do\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The grammar point -면 되다 is very similar to -도 되다, so let's start by making sure you really understand -도 되다 first.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"-아\u002F어도 되다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-도 되다 literally means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"even if you do it, it's okay.\"\n }), \" It's important to remember this meaning rather than just the various English translations like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"you may,\"\n }), \" because then sentences using it will always make sense even when they don't seem like they are giving permission. Just know that Koreans give permission by saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"even if you do it, it's okay.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가도[가다:v::$:] 돼[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even if you go, it's okay.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl200-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This sentence might be said in response to \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"either\"\n }), \" of these sentences:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"May I go?\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"I'm not sure if I should go to my ex's wedding.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As you can see, in the second case, it's not about permission.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"-면 되다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now let's look at -면 되다. -면 되다 is used to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if you do it, it works.\"\n }), \" It is not used to give permission. It's used for asking how to accomplish something or for telling someone how they can accomplish something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이렇게[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하[하다:v::$:]면[$:nng] 돼[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You can do it like this.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl200-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here you are answering a question like:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"How do I make this work?\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"What should I do?\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The most common way to translate sentences with -면 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"되다[되다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"you can just.\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"-아\u002F어도 되다 vs -면 되다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In some cases, these two forms are pretty much interchangeable, but when giving or asking permission, -도 되다 is used, and -면 되다 is used when you want to express how someone can accomplish something.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"배터리[$:nng]만[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">바꾸면[바꾸다:v::$:] 돼요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You can just change the battery.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl200-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"나[$:np]는[$:p] 그냥[$:maj] 소파[$:nng]에서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">자면[자다:v::$:] 돼[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can just sleep on the sofa.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl200-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"웨이터[$:nng]를[$:p] 부를[부르다:v::$:] 때[$:nng] 이[$:mm] 버튼[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">누르면[누르다:v::$:] 돼요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When calling the waiter, you can just press this button.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl200-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stem + (으)면 되다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가면[가다:v::$:] 돼요[되다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n씻으면[씻다:v::$:] 돼[되다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7090,7517,7064,8204],{"id":9161,"title":9168,"mod":9169,"grammarPoint":9170,"grammarPointTitle":9168,"grammarPointDescription":9171,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9172,"similarGrammarPoints":9173,"tags":9189,"content":9175,"dependentGrammarPoints":9176,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9190,"prereqPoints":9193},[6037],[8362,9191,9177],{"id":9154,"title":9155,"mod":9156,"grammarPoint":9157,"grammarPointTitle":9155,"grammarPointDescription":9158,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9159,"similarGrammarPoints":9160,"tags":9192,"content":9164,"dependentGrammarPoints":9165,"language":6036},[6041],[7090,7517,8936],{"id":9162,"title":9178,"mod":9179,"grammarPoint":9180,"grammarPointTitle":9178,"grammarPointDescription":9181,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9182,"similarGrammarPoints":9183,"tags":9195,"content":9185,"dependentGrammarPoints":9186,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9196,"prereqPoints":9197},[6037],[9191,9167],[9191],{"id":9199,"title":9200,"mod":9201,"grammarPoint":9202,"grammarPointTitle":9200,"grammarPointDescription":9203,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9204,"similarGrammarPoints":9205,"tags":9209,"content":9215,"dependentGrammarPoints":9216,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9217,"prereqPoints":9248},20574231322308,"Polite and formal speech",1757606025601,"polite-and-formal-speech","This lesson introduces formal spoken language, starting with how to make a statement with 이다.",[6485],[9206,9207,9208],20579257623216,20579257765224,20579257832628,[6037,9210],{"id":9211,"title":9212,"description":9213,"slug":9214,"language":6036},"1753317311347","Formal and polite speech","-(스)ㅂ니다 and related forms","korean-formal-and-polite-speech","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiImage, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiImage) _missingMdxReference(\"UiImage\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Polite and formal speech\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Korean can be divided into polite\u002Fnot polite and informal\u002Fformal categories. There are two types of informal speech - \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"반말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"존댓말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This lesson introduces the formal version of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"존댓말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is used in situations like business meetings, ceremonies, the news or speeches, to name a few. You might already know at least one word in this register - \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"감사합니다[감사하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"thank you\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fformal1.webp\",\n alt: \"formal chart\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"First we will look at how \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is expressed in this style, which is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"입니다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". While -다 has so far indicated a dictionary ending that needs to be conjugated before being used in speech, in this case, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"입니다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the exact ending that is spoken.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Like the \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-요[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" form, \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I\"\n }), \" in this style is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"저[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내일[$:nng]은[$:p] 제[$:mm] 생일[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">입니다[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tomorrow is my birthday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl201-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저희[$:np] 아버지[$:nng]는[$:p] 의사[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">입니다[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My father is a doctor.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl201-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]의[$:p] 이름[$:nng]은[$:p] 김민지[$:nnp]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">입니다[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My name is Kim Min-ji.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl201-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 문[$:nng]은[$:p] 자동문[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">입니다[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This door is an automatic door.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl201-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"이다 + -ㅂ니다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사람[$:nng]입니다[이다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n사과[$:nng]입니다[이다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9218,9228,9238],{"id":9206,"title":9219,"mod":9220,"grammarPoint":9221,"grammarPointTitle":9219,"grammarPointDescription":9222,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9223,"similarGrammarPoints":9224,"tags":9225,"content":9226,"dependentGrammarPoints":9227,"language":6036},"-습니다\u002Fㅂ니다 - Formal statement endings",1757606172741,"formal-statement","Verbs and adjectives conjugated to the formal style end in -습니다 when the stem ends in a batchim and -ㅂ니다 when it ends in a vowel.",[9199],[6503,9199,9207,9208],[6041,9214],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-습니다\u002Fㅂ니다 - Formal statement endings\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Verbs and adjectives conjugated to the formal style end in -습니다 when the stem ends in a batchim and -ㅂ니다 when it ends in a vowel. The stem itself does not conjugate; for instance 하다 becomes 합니다, \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"not\"\n }), \" 햅니다.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"좋다\"\n }), \" → \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"좋\"\n }), \" + \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"습니다\"\n }), \" = \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"좋습니다\"\n })]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:nng]은[$:p] 날씨[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">좋습니다[좋다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The weather is good today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl202-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"아프다\"\n }), \" → \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"아프\"\n }), \" + \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"ㅂ니다\"\n }), \" = \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"아픕니다\"\n })]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"머리[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아픕니다[아프다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My head hurts.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl202-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For stems that end in ㄹ, the ㄹ is dropped.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"알다\"\n }), \" → \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"아\"\n }), \" + \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"ㅂ니다\"\n }), \" = \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"압니다\"\n })]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">압니다[알다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I know.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl202-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You'll notice that 압니다 sounds like 암니다. This is due to a sound change rule that causes ㅂ to sound like ㅁ when it is followed by ㄴ. You can learn more about sound changes in our Korean Fundamentals course.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb or adj + -(스)ㅂ니다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"합니다[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n좋습니다[좋다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n압[$:nng]니[$:p]다[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":9207,"title":9229,"mod":9230,"grammarPoint":9231,"grammarPointTitle":9229,"grammarPointDescription":9232,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9233,"similarGrammarPoints":9234,"tags":9235,"content":9236,"dependentGrammarPoints":9237,"language":6036},"-었습니다 - Past tense formal statement",1757678603376,"past-tense-formal-statement","To conjugate verbs and adjectives in the formal past tense, first change the stem to the past tense and then add -습니다.",[],[6864],[6041,9214,6870],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-었습니다 - Past tense formal statement\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To conjugate verbs and adjectives in the formal past tense, first change the stem to the past tense and then add -습니다.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"사다 → 샀 + 습니다 → 샀습니다\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"며칠[$:nng] 전[$:nng]에[$:p] 새[$:mm] 핸드폰[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">샀습니다[사다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I bought a new phone a few days ago.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl203-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"작년[$:nng]에[$:p] 여기[$:np]로[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이사[$:nng]왔습니다[오다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I moved here last year.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl203-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"부모[$:nng]님[$:sn]은[$:p] 20년[$:nnb] 전[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">결혼하셨습니다[결혼하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My parents got married 20 years ago.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl203-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"일[$:nng]이[$:p] 많아서[많다:a::$:] 점심[$:nng]을[$:p] 못[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">먹었습니다[먹다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I couldn't eat lunch because I had so much work.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl203-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb or adj with past tense stem + 습니다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"했습니다[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n갔습니다[가다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":9208,"title":9239,"mod":9240,"grammarPoint":9241,"grammarPointTitle":9239,"grammarPointDescription":9242,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9243,"similarGrammarPoints":9244,"tags":9245,"content":9246,"dependentGrammarPoints":9247,"language":6036},"-(으)ㄹ 것입니다\u002F겠습니다 - Future tense formal statement",1757678944706,"future-tense-formal-statement","For formal speech in the future tense, you can use -ㄹ 것입니다\u002F겁니다 or -겠습니다.",[8026,8825],[8026,8818],[6041,6870,9214],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)ㄹ 것입니다\u002F겠습니다 - Future tense formal statement\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For formal speech in the future tense, you can use -ㄹ 것입니다\u002F겁니다 or -겠습니다.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저희[$:np]는[$:p] 최선[$:nng]을[$:p] 다[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">할[하다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb]입니다[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We will do our best.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl204-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"시험[$:nng] 결과[$:nng]는[$:p] 다음주[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">나올[나오다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb]입니다[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The test results will come out next week.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl204-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-겠- is used in formal language to state intention or to indicate that something is about to happen.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"다음[$:nng] 주[$:nng]까지[$:p] 보고서[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">제출하겠습니다[제출하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I will submit the report by next week.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl204-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이번주[$:nng] 안[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">연락[$:nng]드리겠습니다[드리다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We'll contact you within a week.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl204-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ㄹ 겁니다\u002F것입니다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할[하다:v::$:] 겁[$:nng]니[$:p]다[$:p]\u003Cbr>\\n할[하다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb]입니다[이다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + 겠습니다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하겠습니다[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6515],{"id":9206,"title":9219,"mod":9220,"grammarPoint":9221,"grammarPointTitle":9219,"grammarPointDescription":9222,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9223,"similarGrammarPoints":9224,"tags":9250,"content":9226,"dependentGrammarPoints":9227,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9251,"prereqPoints":9254},[6037,9210],[6531,9252,9228,9238],{"id":9199,"title":9200,"mod":9201,"grammarPoint":9202,"grammarPointTitle":9200,"grammarPointDescription":9203,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9204,"similarGrammarPoints":9205,"tags":9253,"content":9215,"dependentGrammarPoints":9216,"language":6036},[6041,9214],[9252],{"id":9207,"title":9229,"mod":9230,"grammarPoint":9231,"grammarPointTitle":9229,"grammarPointDescription":9232,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9233,"similarGrammarPoints":9234,"tags":9256,"content":9236,"dependentGrammarPoints":9237,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9257,"prereqPoints":9258},[6037,9210,6866],[6884],[],{"id":9208,"title":9239,"mod":9240,"grammarPoint":9241,"grammarPointTitle":9239,"grammarPointDescription":9242,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9243,"similarGrammarPoints":9244,"tags":9260,"content":9246,"dependentGrammarPoints":9247,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9261,"prereqPoints":9262},[6037,6866,9210],[8065,8857],[8065,8831],{"id":9264,"title":9265,"mod":9266,"grammarPoint":9267,"grammarPointTitle":9265,"grammarPointDescription":9268,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9269,"similarGrammarPoints":9270,"tags":9273,"content":9274,"dependentGrammarPoints":9275,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9276,"prereqPoints":9298},20579257934844,"-습니까\u002Fㅂ니까 - Formal question endings",1757679247710,"formal-question","To create a question in the formal style you add 습니까 to stems that end in a batchim and ㅂ니까 to stems that end in a vowel.",[9199],[9271,9272],20568596043504,20568596107536,[6037,9210],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-습니까\u002Fㅂ니까 - Formal question endings\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The formal register has the unique feature of having separate endings for statements and questions. To create a question in the formal style you add 습니까 to stems that end in a batchim and ㅂ니까 to stems that end in a vowel.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"회의[$:nng]는[$:p] 몇[$:mm] 시[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">시작합니까[시작하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What time does the meeting start?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl205-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"언제[$:np]까지[$:p] 기다려야[기다리다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">합니까[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Until when do I have to wait?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl205-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 사람[$:nng]을[$:p] 본[보다:v::$:] 적[$:nnb] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">있습니까[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Have you ever seen that person?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl205-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For words in other tenses, simply add (스)ㅂ니까 after conjugating to the desired tense.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"식사[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하셨습니까[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Will someone make an announcement today?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl205-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"부장[$:nng]님[$:sn]은[$:p] 휴가[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가셨습니까[가시다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Is the department head on vacation?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl205-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb or adj + (스)ㅂ니까\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"합니까[하다:v::$:]?\u003Cbr>\\n할[하다:v::$:] 겁[$:nng]니까[이다:v::$:]?\u003Cbr>\\n하겠습니까[하다:v::$:]?\u003Cbr>\\n했습니까[하다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9277,9288],{"id":9271,"title":9278,"mod":9279,"grammarPoint":9280,"grammarPointTitle":9278,"grammarPointDescription":9281,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9282,"similarGrammarPoints":9283,"tags":9285,"content":9286,"dependentGrammarPoints":9287,"language":6036},"-나요 - Softening a question with a verb",1757683141831,"nayo-question","Ending a sentence with -나요 makes the question slightly softer and sounds a bit more polite than just using -아\u002F어요.",[],[9264,9272,8848,9284],20572054943544,[6041,8870],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-나요 - Softening a question with a verb\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another way to end a question in Korean is with -나요. This ending makes the question slightly softer and sounds a bit more polite than just using -아\u002F어요. This ending can only be applied to \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"verbs\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여기[$:np]서[$:p] 학교[$:nng]까지[$:p] 얼마나[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">걸리나요[걸리다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How long does it take to get to school from here?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl213-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여기[$:np] 앉아도[앉다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">되나요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"May I sit here?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl213-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"벌써[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">출발하셨나요[출발하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Have you set off already?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl213-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"past tense adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There is an exception to the \\\"verb only\\\" rule. Adjectives in the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"past tense\"\n }), \" can be used with -나요.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"헬스장[$:nng]에[$:p] 사람[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">많았나요[많다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Where there a lot of people at the gym?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl213-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"영화[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">지루하셨나요[지루하다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Was the movie boring?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl213-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This ending can be used in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"반말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as well, but it is used much less frequently. The exception to this is when the speaker is puzzling over something and speaking to themself aloud. Rather than expressing curiosity in that case, it is expressing uncertainty.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 색깔[$:nng]은[$:p] 너무[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">촌스럽나[촌스럽다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Is this color too unsophisticated?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl213-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-나 is also common in non-standard dialects.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb stem + 나요\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하나[$:nr]요[$:p]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":9272,"title":9289,"mod":9290,"grammarPoint":9291,"grammarPointTitle":9289,"grammarPointDescription":9292,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9293,"similarGrammarPoints":9294,"tags":9295,"content":9296,"dependentGrammarPoints":9297,"language":6036},"-ㄴ가요 - Softening a question with an adjective",1757683394359,"ngayo-question","To softly ask questions with adjectives or 이다, you can use the ending -ㄴ가요.",[],[9271],[6041,8870],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-ㄴ가요 - Softening a question with an adjective\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To softly ask questions with adjectives or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you can use the ending -ㄴ가요. ㄴ가요 is added to stems that end in a vowel and 은가요 is added to stems that end in a consonant.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n 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However, this form is no longer widely used. It is considered very old fashioned and is generally only used by old people, though you will see it in dramas or books.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9252],{"id":7800,"title":9300,"mod":9301,"grammarPoint":9302,"grammarPointTitle":9300,"grammarPointDescription":9303,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9304,"similarGrammarPoints":9305,"tags":9306,"content":9307,"dependentGrammarPoints":9308,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9309,"prereqPoints":9310},"-(으)십시오 - Formal commands",1757679712498,"formal-command","To make a command in the formal style, you use the ending -(으)십시오.",[9199],[7767,7775],[6037],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)십시오 - Formal commands\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To make a command in the formal style, you use the ending -(으)십시오.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"모두[$:maj] 자리[$:nng]에서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">일어나[일어나다:v::$:] 주십시오[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n 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}), \"?\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"proposition\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"해요[하다:v::$:]\u002F읽어요[읽다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"합시다[하다:v::$:]\u002F읽으십시다[읽다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7818,7793],[9252],{"id":9312,"title":9313,"mod":9314,"grammarPoint":9315,"grammarPointTitle":9313,"grammarPointDescription":9316,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9317,"similarGrammarPoints":9318,"tags":9319,"content":9320,"dependentGrammarPoints":9321,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9322,"prereqPoints":9323},20763648900432,"Sorry",1757679922667,"sorry","There are several ways to say sorry in Korean. They are each a little different, and are quite different from English.",[],[],[6037,6330,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Sorry\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are several ways to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"sorry\"\n }), \" in Korean. They are each a little different, and are quite different from English.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"미안하다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The first way to say sorry in Korean is with the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"미안하다[미안하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It is used to express that you are feeling uncomfortable because you regret doing something bad to someone.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can use this at any level of speech, including formal language. You can even say it as simply \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"미안[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" if you want to express almost no sincerity.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"미안[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"미안해[미안하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"미안해요[미안하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"미안합니다[미안하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">미안해[미안하다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Sorry.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl207-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"죄송하다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"죄송하다[죄송하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is another way to apologize. It contains the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"죄[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"guilt\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"sin,\"\n }), \" so you are expressing that you committed a wrongdoing. Even when used at the same level of speech as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"미안하다[미안하다:a::$:] (미안해요[미안하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" vs \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"죄송해요[죄송하다:a::$:]), 죄송하다[죄송하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" sounds slightly more formal and sincere. It is rarely used in the form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"죄송해[죄송하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and is most often expressed as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"죄송합니다[죄송하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"죄송해요[죄송하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"죄송합니다[죄송하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">죄송합니다[죄송하다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm sorry.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl207-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"잘못했습니다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"잘못하다[잘못하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to make a mistake.\"\n }), \" Accepting responsibility for mistakes is very important in Korean culture. Even if they are not at fault, most people find it easier to accept blame for something than to defend themselves, because making excuses will only make their superiors more angry. Bowing humbly and saying \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"잘못했습니다[잘못하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" a few times straightaway is a good way to quickly end an uncomfortable situation and stop a scolding. You can even rub the palms of your hands together if you think a little extra grovelling is required.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">잘못했습니다[잘못하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I made a mistake, I'm so sorry, it's all my fault.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl207-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"실례합니다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"실례[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"rudeness\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"impoliteness\"\n }), \". When you are are trying to escape a crowded subway train, push past someone on the street or attract someone's attention, you can use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"실례하다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to commit a breach of etiquette or discourtesy.\"\n }), \" It's always used in the formal form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"실례합니다[실례하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">실례합니다[실례하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Excuse me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl207-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Sorry about your grandma\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There is a big difference between these words and \\\"sorry\\\" in English. With the Korean words \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"미안하다[미안하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"죄송하다[죄송하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" you are accepting responsibility for the wrong you committed. You \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"cannot\"\n }), \" say \\\"I'm sorry your grandma died\\\" with these words unless you killed her. This is very, very important to remember, unless you want to accept blame for the death of people's pets, their illnesses, or their failure to pass tests. In these cases, Koreans say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어떡해[어떡하다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which is short for \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어떻게[어떻다:a::$:] 해[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", or \\\"what are you going to do?\\\"\\nIt's not really a question though, it's just expressing that you share their distress.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：할머니[$:nng] 돌아가셨어[돌아가다:v::$:].\u003Cbr>\\nB：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어떡해[어떡하다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Grandma passed away. \u003Cbr> B: I'm so sorry.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl207-5a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":9325,"title":9326,"mod":9327,"grammarPoint":9328,"grammarPointTitle":9326,"grammarPointDescription":9329,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9330,"similarGrammarPoints":9331,"tags":9333,"content":9338,"dependentGrammarPoints":9339,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9340,"prereqPoints":9351},20568595633752,"-네요 - I just noticed",1757680353296,"neyo-just-noticed","-네(요) is used at the end of a sentence to give the feeling that you were mildly surprised or just noticed something.",[],[9332],20568596386764,[6037,9334],{"id":9335,"title":9336,"description":9337,"slug":8870,"language":6036},"1754617955825","Nuance tags","Sentence ending grammar that adds nuance","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-네요 - I just noticed\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"There are many different endings we can apply to the end of sentences to give them more nuance, without changing the politeness level.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"One of these emotive endings is -네(요). This ending gives the feeling that the statement you are making is something that mildly surprises you or is something you've just noticed, like suddenly noticing that it is raining, observing that someone speaks good English, or that a food is more delicious than you expected. You can't use this ending if a little time has passed since you observed or realized something.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"예상[$:nng]보다[$:p] 훨씬[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">맵네[맵다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's spicier than I expected!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl208-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘 날씨가 어제보다 훨씬 \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">따뜻하네\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Today's weather is much warmer than yesterday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl208-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"목소리[$:nng]가[$:p] 언니[$:nng]랑[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">똑같네요[똑같다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Her voice is just like her sister's!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl208-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stem + 네(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하네요[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n왔네[오다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9341],{"id":9332,"title":9342,"mod":9343,"grammarPoint":9344,"grammarPointTitle":9342,"grammarPointDescription":9345,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9346,"similarGrammarPoints":9347,"tags":9348,"content":9349,"dependentGrammarPoints":9350,"language":6036},"-군요\u002F구나 - Ah ha",1757683566916,"guna-realization","Ending a sentence with -군요\u002F구나 나 gives a strong feeling that you have just found something out, like saying \"ah ha, I see.\"",[],[9325],[6041,8870],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-군요\u002F구나 - Ah ha\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-군요 adds the nuance that the speaker has just learned something new. It's quite similar to -네요, but carries a stronger feeling that you just found something out, and is slightly more formal. It is like saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"ah ha, I see\"\n }), \" in English. 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Even if you are with people you speak politely to, you can use -구나 if you are not looking at them directly, and it will be understood that you're talking to yourself. -군요 is actually relatively uncommon because it has such a strong feeling of wanting to convey your surprise to another person, when it is more natural to just say it to yourself.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"-네 vs -구나\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The sentence endings -네 and -구나 are very similar in that they both express that you are noticing something for the first time, but -네 is more outwardly focused on conveying your discovery to the listener, while 구나 emphasizes the speaker's internal realization. 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usually used by males, and it can also have a slightly more formal or traditional feel than -구나.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":9353,"title":9354,"mod":9355,"grammarPoint":9356,"grammarPointTitle":9354,"grammarPointDescription":9357,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9358,"similarGrammarPoints":9359,"tags":9361,"content":9362,"dependentGrammarPoints":9363,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9364,"prereqPoints":9375},20568595740336,"-ㄹ게요 - I’ll do it",1757681440846,"eulgeyo-I-will-do-it","The sentence ending -ㄹ게(요) is added to a verb stem to indicate that the speaker is notifying the listener that he\u002Fshe will do something.",[],[9360],20568595866684,[6037,9334],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-ㄹ게요 - I’ll do it\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The sentence ending -ㄹ게(요) is added to a verb stem to indicate that the speaker is \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"notifying\"\n }), \" the listener that he\u002Fshe will do something. It is different from -ㄹ 것이다 in that -ㄹ게요 needs an audience (it isn't used for talking to yourself), and that audience needs to be informed of your intentions, for instance when you are about to leave the office and you want everyone to know. The subject for -ㄹ게요 cannot be 2nd or 3rd person, it must be \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"we.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:nng]은[$:p] 제[$:np]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">계산할게요[계산하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'll pay today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl209-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 보고서[$:nng]는[$:p] 내일[$:nng]까지[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">완성할게요[완성하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'll finish this report by tomorrow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl209-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"호텔[$:nng]은[$:p] 제[$:np]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">예약할게요[예약하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'll book the hotel.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl209-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"밖[$:nng]에서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">기다릴게요[기다리다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'll wait outside.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl209-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-ㄹ게요 is pronounced -ㄹ께요. Sometimes Koreans spell it this way, but that is incorrect.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stem + ㄹ게(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할게[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n읽을게요[읽다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9365],{"id":9360,"title":9366,"mod":9367,"grammarPoint":9368,"grammarPointTitle":9366,"grammarPointDescription":9369,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9370,"similarGrammarPoints":9371,"tags":9372,"content":9373,"dependentGrammarPoints":9374,"language":6036},"-아\u002F어 줄게요 - I’ll do it for you",1757681745285,"julgeyo-I-will-do-for-you","The -ㄹ게요 ending is commonly combined with -아\u002F어 주다 to inform someone that you will do something for them.",[9353],[8026],[6041,8870],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어 줄게요 - I’ll do it for you\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The -ㄹ게요 ending is commonly combined with -아\u002F어 주다 to inform someone that you will do something for them.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:np]가[$:p] 대신[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">주문해[주문하다:v::$:] 줄게요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'll place the order for you.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl210-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"휴대폰[$:nng] 충전기[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">빌려[빌리다:v::$:] 줄게[줄다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'll lend you a phone charger.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl210-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 파일[$:nng]은[$:p] 제[$:np]가[$:p] 메일[$:nnp]로[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보내[보내다:v::$:] 줄게요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'll send you that file through email.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl210-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"conjugated stem + 주다 + ㄹ게(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"해[하다:v::$:] 줄게[줄다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n도와줄게요[도와주다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":9360,"title":9366,"mod":9367,"grammarPoint":9368,"grammarPointTitle":9366,"grammarPointDescription":9369,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9370,"similarGrammarPoints":9371,"tags":9377,"content":9373,"dependentGrammarPoints":9374,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9378,"prereqPoints":9379},[6037,9334],[8065],[9380],{"id":9353,"title":9354,"mod":9355,"grammarPoint":9356,"grammarPointTitle":9354,"grammarPointDescription":9357,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9358,"similarGrammarPoints":9359,"tags":9381,"content":9362,"dependentGrammarPoints":9363,"language":6036},[6041,8870],{"id":9383,"title":9384,"mod":9385,"grammarPoint":9386,"grammarPointTitle":9384,"grammarPointDescription":9387,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9388,"similarGrammarPoints":9389,"tags":9391,"content":9392,"dependentGrammarPoints":9393,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9394,"prereqPoints":9405},20568595922232,"-지(요)\u002F죠 - Right?",1757682150427,"ji-right","The ending -지(요)\u002F죠 is added to the end of sentences when the speaker assumes the listener knows a fact.",[],[9390],20568595989096,[6037,9334],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-지(요)\u002F죠 - Right?\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The ending -지(요)\u002F죠 is added to the end of sentences when the speaker assumes the listener knows a fact. Essentially, it is used to ask or confirm information. It can be expressed as -지 in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"반말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and either -지요 \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"or\"\n }), \" -죠 in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"존댓말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". This lesson will look at two types of situations where it is used.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Right? Indeed.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The first type of situation is when the speaker thinks they know something, but wants to confirm with the listener, who they assume knows the answer. In the case of a question, it is like saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"right?\"\n }), \" at the end, and in the case of a statement, it is like saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"indeed\"\n }), \" or ending a statement with \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"isn't it.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여기[$:np]가[$:p] 그[$:mm] 유명한[유명하다:a::$:] 빵집[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이지[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This is that famous bakery, right?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl211-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이게[이다:v::$:] 어제[$:maj] 새로[$:maj] 산[사다:v::$:] 신발[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이지[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"These are the new shoes you bought yesterday, right?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl211-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"점심[$:nng]에[$:p] 김치찌개[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">드셨죠[들다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You had kimchi jjigae for lunch, right?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl211-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"other questions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the second type of situation, the speaker doesn't know the answer at all, and isn't confirming anything, they are simply asking a question. It does \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"not\"\n }), \" translate to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"right?\"\n }), \" in this case. At its core, 지(요)\u002F죠 is about assuming the other person knows something, and so asking a question using 지(요)\u002F죠 sounds softer and more polite than using the plain -아\u002F어요 ending, because it carries the nuance of assuming \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"you know better than I do.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"병원[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어디[$:np]지[$:sn]요[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Where is the hospital?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl211-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"컴퓨터[$:nng]가[$:p] 왜[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">고장[$:nng]났죠[나다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why is the computer broken?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl211-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 식당[$:nng]은[$:p] 왜[$:maj] 그렇게[$:maj] 인기[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">많죠[많다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why is that restaurant that popular?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl211-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stem + 지(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"크지[크다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n크죠[크다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n크지요[크다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9395],{"id":9390,"title":9396,"mod":9397,"grammarPoint":9398,"grammarPointTitle":9396,"grammarPointDescription":9399,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9400,"similarGrammarPoints":9401,"tags":9402,"content":9403,"dependentGrammarPoints":9404,"language":6036},"-지요\u002F죠 - Suggestion",1757682711623,"ji-suggestion","-지요\u002F죠 can be used to kindly suggest to the listener that you do something together, or to tell someone to do something in a soft way.",[9383],[9383],[6041,8870],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-지요\u002F죠 - Suggestion\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Another usage of -지(요)\u002F죠 is to make a suggestion. In this case it is not confirming information or assuming the listener knows something. It's used to kindly suggest to the listener that you do something together, or to tell someone to do something in a soft way. It is only used in polite speech.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"배고프실[배고프다:a::$:] 텐데[$:nng], 식사[$:nng]부터[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하시죠[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You must be hungry, so let's eat first.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl212-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"술[$:nng] 마실[마시다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 있으니[있다:v::$:] 택시[$:nng] 타고[타다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">오시죠[오다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Since you can drink, take a taxi here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl212-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"좀[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">걷죠[걷다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's take a walk.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl212-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 옷[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">버리시죠[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Throw these clothes away.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl212-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stem + 지요\u002F죠\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가지요[가지다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n가시죠[가시다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":9390,"title":9396,"mod":9397,"grammarPoint":9398,"grammarPointTitle":9396,"grammarPointDescription":9399,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9400,"similarGrammarPoints":9401,"tags":9407,"content":9403,"dependentGrammarPoints":9404,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9408,"prereqPoints":9411},[6037,9334],[9409],{"id":9383,"title":9384,"mod":9385,"grammarPoint":9386,"grammarPointTitle":9384,"grammarPointDescription":9387,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9388,"similarGrammarPoints":9389,"tags":9410,"content":9392,"dependentGrammarPoints":9393,"language":6036},[6041,8870],[9409],{"id":9271,"title":9278,"mod":9279,"grammarPoint":9280,"grammarPointTitle":9278,"grammarPointDescription":9281,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9282,"similarGrammarPoints":9283,"tags":9413,"content":9286,"dependentGrammarPoints":9287,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9414,"prereqPoints":9427},[6037,9334],[9415,9288,8862,9417],{"id":9264,"title":9265,"mod":9266,"grammarPoint":9267,"grammarPointTitle":9265,"grammarPointDescription":9268,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9269,"similarGrammarPoints":9270,"tags":9416,"content":9274,"dependentGrammarPoints":9275,"language":6036},[6041,9214],{"id":9284,"title":9418,"mod":9419,"grammarPoint":9420,"grammarPointTitle":9418,"grammarPointDescription":9421,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9422,"similarGrammarPoints":9423,"tags":9424,"content":9425,"dependentGrammarPoints":9426,"language":6036},"-(으)ㄹ까 - Asking yourself a question (wondering)",1758296298306,"lkkayo-asking-yourself-question","The ending -ㄹ까 is used in situations where we would say I wonder in English.",[8848],[9271,9272],[6041,8870],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)ㄹ까 - Asking yourself a question (wondering)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-ㄹ까 is commonly used to ask yourself a question. It may seem strange to say this specifically, but since Korean changes based on politeness levels, it can be very obvious when someone is speaking their thoughts aloud to themselves vs to an audience. People don't speak politely to themselves, even when they are with people they speak politely to. The ending -ㄹ까 is used in situations where we would say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I wonder\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] 쓰레기[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">버릴까[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I wonder, should I throw away the trash today?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl246-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"왜[$:maj] 나[$:np]한테[$:p] 화가[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">났을까[나다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why is he mad at me?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl246-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지금[$:maj] 가면[가다:v::$:] 지하철[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">탈[타다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 있을까[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If I go now, will I be able to take the subway?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl246-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그냥[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">연락하지[연락하다:v::$:] 말까[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Should I just not contact her?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl246-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb + ㄹ까(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할까[하다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":9272,"title":9289,"mod":9290,"grammarPoint":9291,"grammarPointTitle":9289,"grammarPointDescription":9292,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9293,"similarGrammarPoints":9294,"tags":9429,"content":9296,"dependentGrammarPoints":9297,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9430,"prereqPoints":9431},[6037,9334],[9277],[],{"id":9332,"title":9342,"mod":9343,"grammarPoint":9344,"grammarPointTitle":9342,"grammarPointDescription":9345,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9346,"similarGrammarPoints":9347,"tags":9433,"content":9349,"dependentGrammarPoints":9350,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9434,"prereqPoints":9437},[6037,9334],[9435],{"id":9325,"title":9326,"mod":9327,"grammarPoint":9328,"grammarPointTitle":9326,"grammarPointDescription":9329,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9330,"similarGrammarPoints":9331,"tags":9436,"content":9338,"dependentGrammarPoints":9339,"language":6036},[6041,8870],[],{"id":9439,"title":9440,"mod":9441,"grammarPoint":9442,"grammarPointTitle":9440,"grammarPointDescription":9443,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9444,"similarGrammarPoints":9445,"tags":9447,"content":9448,"dependentGrammarPoints":9449,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9450,"prereqPoints":9461},20568596510304,"-잖아(요) - You know",1758025472079,"janhayo-you-know","-잖아(요) is used to tell or remind the listener something they already know (or should already know).",[],[9446],20613478012200,[6037,9334],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiList, UiListItem, UiNumberedHeading} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-잖아(요) - You know\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-잖아(요) is a sentence ending used in two ways.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"to tell the listener they are wrong about something in an annoyed manner\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"to give a reason or justification for something using information the listener is already aware of\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This a casual expression, and even with -요 it can sound rude, especially in the first usage.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"나[$:np] 어제[$:maj] 병원[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">갔잖아[갔잖다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went to the hospital yesterday (you know that!).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl216-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"우리[$:np] 저[$:mm] 식당[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">갔었잖아요[가다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We've been to that restaurant (how could you forget?)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl216-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"밀크[$:nng]티[$:nng] 샀어[사다:v::$:]. 너[$:np] 밀크[$:nng]티[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">좋아하잖아[좋아하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I bought milk tea. Because you like milk tea.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl216-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"나[$:np] 사진[$:nng] 찍는[찍다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">싫어하잖아[싫어하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>. 내[$:np] 폰[$:nnp]에[$:p] 사진[$:nng]이[$:p] 별로[$:maj] 없어[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't like taking photos. (That's why) I don't have many photos on my phone.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl216-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb or adj + 잖아(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"했잖아요[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n예쁘잖아[예쁘다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9451],{"id":9446,"title":9452,"mod":9453,"grammarPoint":9454,"grammarPointTitle":9452,"grammarPointDescription":9455,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9456,"similarGrammarPoints":9457,"tags":9458,"content":9459,"dependentGrammarPoints":9460,"language":6036},"-거든(요) - I want you to know",1758026312875,"geodeun-I-want-you-to-know","-거든(요) is a sentence ending that is used when telling someone something they don't know.",[],[9439],[6041,8870],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-거든(요) - I want you to know\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-거든(요) is a sentence ending that is used when telling someone something they don't know. It's equivalent to saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I went to school there, \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">you see\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">You know\u003C\u002Fstrong>, I don't really like cheese.\"\n }), \" This grammar form has a different nuance depending on if it is said with a rising intonation or a falling intonation.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"rising intonation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When sentences ending in -거든(요) are said with a rising intonation at the end, it can sound condescending and rude, like you are annoyed that they don't know this already. It is like saying \\\"For your information\\\" or \\\"I'll have you know.\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">됐거든요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm done!\u002FNo thank you!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl217-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내[$:np] 잘못[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아니거든[아니다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's not my mistake!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl217-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Using a rising intonation isn't always rude, it can also be used to give the feeling of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"you know what?\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"did you know?\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:np]가[$:p] 오늘[$:maj] 오후[$:nng]에[$:p] 조금[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">바쁘거든요[바쁘다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>. 내일[$:nng] 만나도[만나다:v::$:] 될까요[되다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm a bit busy this afternoon. Is it okay if we meet up tomorrow?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl217-3c.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"falling intonation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When said with a falling intonation, this grammar form is perfectly polite and very frequently used in relating stories to people. It sounds repetitive to always use the same sentence endings in Korean, so adding -거든(요) to sentences that provide background information for the rest of the story spices it up a bit.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You will often see it being used to add additional information to something you just said.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 근처[$:nng] 길[$:nng]을[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 알아요[알다:v::$:]. 예전[$:nng]에[$:p] 여기[$:np]서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">살았거든요[살다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I know this area well. I used to live here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl217-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:nng]은[$:p] 제[$:np]가[$:p] 살게요[살다:v::$:]. 오늘[$:maj] 월급[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">받았거든요[받다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'll pay today. I got paid today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl217-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"context and tone\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Context and tone of voice is very important with -거든(요). Listen to these two conversations to see how the same response can be informative or rude.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：일본[$:nnp]은[$:p] 작잖아[작다:a::$:].\u003Cbr>\\nB：일본[$:nnp] 인구[$:nng]가[$:p] 1억[$:nr]명[$:nnb]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">넘거든[넘다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Japan is small. \u003Cbr> B: I'll have you know Japan's population is over 100,000,000!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl217-6b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：일본[$:nnp] 시장[$:nng]이[$:p] 왜[$:maj] 중요해[중요하다:a::$:]?\u003Cbr>\\nB：일본[$:nnp] 인구[$:nng]가[$:p] 1억[$:nr]명[$:nnb]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">넘거든[넘다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Why is the Japanese market important? \u003Cbr> B: You see, Japan's population is over 100,000,000.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl217-7b.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb or adj + 거든(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하거든요[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n했거든요[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":9446,"title":9452,"mod":9453,"grammarPoint":9454,"grammarPointTitle":9452,"grammarPointDescription":9455,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9456,"similarGrammarPoints":9457,"tags":9463,"content":9459,"dependentGrammarPoints":9460,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9464,"prereqPoints":9467},[6037,9334],[9465],{"id":9439,"title":9440,"mod":9441,"grammarPoint":9442,"grammarPointTitle":9440,"grammarPointDescription":9443,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9444,"similarGrammarPoints":9445,"tags":9466,"content":9448,"dependentGrammarPoints":9449,"language":6036},[6041,8870],[],{"id":8508,"title":9469,"mod":9470,"grammarPoint":9471,"grammarPointTitle":9469,"grammarPointDescription":9472,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9473,"similarGrammarPoints":9474,"tags":9475,"content":9476,"dependentGrammarPoints":9477,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9478,"prereqPoints":9513},"-아\u002F어서 in set phrases",1754653300127,"eoseo-set-phrases","-아\u002F어서 is a clause connector commonly used in set phrases like \"thanks for helping\" and \"sorry I'm late.\"",[],[8491,7610,8478,8510,8511],[6037,7592],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiList, UiListItem} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어서 in set phrases\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"One of the most frequently used clause connectors (a way to connect two separate clauses into one sentence) is -서. It has multiple usages that we will be looking at over the next few lessons. It is commonly used in set phrases, so let's take a look at those first.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">늦어서[늦다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 미안해요[미안하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm sorry I'm late.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl218-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만나서[만나다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 반가워요[반갑다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Pleased to meet you.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl218-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">도와줘서[도와주다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 고마워[고맙다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Thanks for helping.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl218-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">기다려[기다리다:v::$:] 주셔서[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 감사합니다[감사하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Thank you for waiting.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl218-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저희[$:np] 호텔[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">선택해[선택하다:v::$:] 주셔서[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 감사합니다[감사하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Thank you for choosing our hotel.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl218-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As you can see in these examples:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"the two clauses are closely related\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"one can't happen without the other\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"the second clause was the result of the first\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"they are the opposite order from English\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"conjugated verb or adj. stem + 서\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"해서[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n가서[가다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n들어서[들다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9479,7626,9481,9491,9502],{"id":8491,"title":8492,"mod":8493,"grammarPoint":8494,"grammarPointTitle":8492,"grammarPointDescription":8495,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8496,"similarGrammarPoints":8497,"tags":9480,"content":8499,"dependentGrammarPoints":8500,"language":6036},[6041,7596],{"id":8478,"title":9482,"mod":9483,"grammarPoint":9484,"grammarPointTitle":9482,"grammarPointDescription":9485,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9486,"similarGrammarPoints":9487,"tags":9488,"content":9489,"dependentGrammarPoints":9490,"language":6036},"-아\u002F어서 - Ways or means",1758027515834,"eoseo-ways-or-means","-아\u002F어서 can be used to state the way or means that something is done. For instance, walking to school or folding paper to make a paper airplane.",[],[7664,8508,8276,7610],[6041,7596],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어서 - Ways or means\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-아\u002F어서 can be used to state the way or means that something is done. For instance, walking to school, folding paper to make a paper airplane, or putting in a lot of time or money to accomplish something.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng]에게[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">부탁해서[부탁하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 티켓[$:nng]을[$:p] 구했어요[구하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I asked my friend to get me a ticket.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl221-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"종이[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">접어서[접다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 비행기[$:nng]를[$:p] 만들었어요[만들다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I made a paper airplane.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl221-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"머리카락[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">팔아서[팔다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 남편[$:nng] 시계[$:nng]를[$:p] 산[사다:v::$:] 이야기[$:nng] 알아요[알다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Do you know the story about the woman who sold her hair to buy her husband a watch?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl221-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"conjugated verb or adj. stem + 서\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"해서[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n걸어서서[걷다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n들어서[들다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":8510,"title":9492,"mod":9493,"grammarPoint":9494,"grammarPointTitle":9495,"grammarPointDescription":9496,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9497,"similarGrammarPoints":9498,"tags":9499,"content":9500,"dependentGrammarPoints":9501,"language":6036},"-(이)라서 - 이다 with -아\u002F어서 ",1758027765645,"iraseo","-(이)라서 - 이다 with -아\u002F어서","이다 + -서 becomes 이라서.",[6047,8276],[8276],[6041,7596],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(이)라서 - 이다 with -아\u002F어서 \"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Just as 이다 + 아\u002F어도 becomes 이\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"라\"\n }), \"도, 이다 + -서 becomes 이\", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"라\"\n }), \"서.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] 휴일[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이라서[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 사람[$:nng]이[$:p] 많아요[많다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are a lot of people because today is a holiday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl222-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:mm] 아들[$:nng]은[$:p] 학생[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이라서[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 할인[$:nng]을[$:p] 받을[받다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We can get a discount because my son is a student.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl222-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"학교[$:nng] 앞[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이라서[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 속도[$:nng]를[$:p] 줄여야[줄이다:v::$:] 해요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We're in front of a school so you have to reduce your speed.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl222-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It is also possible to use 이다 with -아\u002F어서 in the form -이어서\u002F여서. They are mostly interchangeable, but 이라서 has a slightly stronger emphasis on the reason, and -이어서\u002F여서 has more focus on the result.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"금요일[$:nng]부터[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">휴가[$:nng]여서[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 집[$:nng]에[$:p] 없을[없다:a::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm on vacation starting Friday so I won't be home.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl222-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"집[$:nng] 앞[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">강[$:nng]이어서[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 풍경[$:nng]이[$:p] 아름다워요[아름답다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There is a river in front of the house, so the scenery is beautiful.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl222-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 이다 + 라서\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사실[$:nng]이라서[이다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n김치[$:nng]라서[이다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":8511,"title":9503,"mod":9504,"grammarPoint":9505,"grammarPointTitle":9506,"grammarPointDescription":9507,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9508,"similarGrammarPoints":9509,"tags":9510,"content":9511,"dependentGrammarPoints":9512,"language":6036},"-아\u002F어가지고 - Colloquial -아\u002F어서 ",1758032419221,"gajigo","-아\u002F어가지고 - Colloquial -아\u002F어서","-아\u002F어가지고 is a spoken and colloquial alternative to -아\u002F어서.",[8276,7610],[8276,7610,8478,8510],[6041,7596],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어가지고 - Colloquial -아\u002F어서 \"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-아\u002F어가지고 is a spoken and colloquial alternative to -아\u002F어서. Like -아\u002F어서, it can be used to give a reason or to express that one thing was done after another. It is not used in written language.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어제[$:maj] 너무[$:maj] 늦게[늦다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">자가지고[자다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 아침[$:nng]에[$:p] 못[$:maj] 일어났어[일어나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Yesterday I went to bed too late, so I couldn't get up this morning.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl223-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"갑자기[$:maj] 비[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">와가지고[오다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 옷[$:nng]이[$:p] 다[$:maj] 젖었어요[젖다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It suddenly started to rain, so my clothes got all wet.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl223-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This grammar form can be abbreviated to -아\u002F어갖고.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"옷[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">젖어갖고[젖다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 집[$:nng]에서[$:p] 갈아입었어요[갈아입다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My clothes got wet so I changed them at home.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl223-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This grammar form can also be written with a space (-아\u002F어 가지고).\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb or adj stem + 아\u002F어가지고\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"해가지고[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb or adj stem + 아\u002F어갖고\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"해갖고[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":8276,"title":8503,"mod":8504,"grammarPoint":8505,"grammarPointTitle":8503,"grammarPointDescription":8506,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8507,"similarGrammarPoints":8509,"tags":9515,"content":8513,"dependentGrammarPoints":8514,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9516,"prereqPoints":9519},[6037,7592],[9479,9517,7626,9481,9491,9502],{"id":8508,"title":9469,"mod":9470,"grammarPoint":9471,"grammarPointTitle":9469,"grammarPointDescription":9472,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9473,"similarGrammarPoints":9474,"tags":9518,"content":9476,"dependentGrammarPoints":9477,"language":6036},[6041,7596],[9517],{"id":7610,"title":7627,"mod":7628,"grammarPoint":7629,"grammarPointTitle":7627,"grammarPointDescription":7630,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7631,"similarGrammarPoints":7632,"tags":9521,"content":7634,"dependentGrammarPoints":7635,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9522,"prereqPoints":9523},[6037,7592],[7654],[],{"id":8478,"title":9482,"mod":9483,"grammarPoint":9484,"grammarPointTitle":9482,"grammarPointDescription":9485,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9486,"similarGrammarPoints":9487,"tags":9525,"content":9489,"dependentGrammarPoints":9490,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9526,"prereqPoints":9527},[6037,7592],[7669,9517,8502,7626],[],{"id":8510,"title":9492,"mod":9493,"grammarPoint":9494,"grammarPointTitle":9495,"grammarPointDescription":9496,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9497,"similarGrammarPoints":9498,"tags":9529,"content":9500,"dependentGrammarPoints":9501,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9530,"prereqPoints":9531},[6037,7592],[8502],[6110,8502],{"id":8511,"title":9503,"mod":9504,"grammarPoint":9505,"grammarPointTitle":9506,"grammarPointDescription":9507,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9508,"similarGrammarPoints":9509,"tags":9533,"content":9511,"dependentGrammarPoints":9512,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9534,"prereqPoints":9535},[6037,7592],[8502,7626,9481,9491],[8502,7626],{"id":8467,"title":8473,"mod":8474,"grammarPoint":8475,"grammarPointTitle":8473,"grammarPointDescription":8476,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8477,"similarGrammarPoints":8479,"tags":9537,"content":8481,"dependentGrammarPoints":8482,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9538,"prereqPoints":9539},[6037,7592],[],[9540,8502,7626,9481],{"id":8460,"title":8461,"mod":8462,"grammarPoint":8463,"grammarPointTitle":8461,"grammarPointDescription":8464,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8465,"similarGrammarPoints":8466,"tags":9541,"content":8469,"dependentGrammarPoints":8470,"language":6036},[6041,6148],{"id":9543,"title":9544,"mod":9545,"grammarPoint":9546,"grammarPointTitle":9544,"grammarPointDescription":9547,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9548,"similarGrammarPoints":9549,"tags":9550,"content":9551,"dependentGrammarPoints":9552,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9553,"prereqPoints":9554},20668226967840,"Comparing -아\u002F어서 and -니까",1754655360838,"eoseo-vs-nikka","The grammar points -아\u002F어서 and -니까 can be difficult for foreigners to distinguish because they both can mean \"because.\"",[8491,8508,8276],[],[6037,7592],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Comparing -아\u002F어서 and -니까\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's take a moment to compare the grammar points -아\u002F어서 and -니까, because they can be difficult for foreigners to distinguish. They are often both interpreted as meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"because,\"\n }), \" but actually they are interchangeable only in certain cases, and learners often use them incorrectly.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"set expressions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-아\u002F어서 is used in set expressions like 만나서 반가워요 \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"nice to meet you\"\n }), \" and 늦어서 미안해요 \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"sorry I'm late.\"\n }), \" -니까 cannot be used in these phrases.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"늦어서[늦다:a::$:] 미안해요[미안하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Sorry I'm late.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"늦으니까[늦다:a::$:] 미안해요[미안하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm sorry because I'm late.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"propositive and imperative sentences\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When making a suggestion or a command you must use -니까.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"라면[$:nng]이[$:p] 뜨거우니까[뜨겁다:a::$:] 조심해[조심하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The ramyun is hot, so be careful.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"라면[$:nng]이[$:p] 뜨거워서[뜨겁다:a::$:] 조심해[조심하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The ramyun is hot, so be careful.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 댓글[$:nng]은[$:p] 거짓말[$:nng]이니까[이다:v::$:] 믿지[믿다:v::$:] 마[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That comment is a lie so don't believe it.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 댓글[$:nng]은[$:p] 거짓말[$:nng]이라서[이다:v::$:] 믿지[믿다:v::$:] 마[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That comment is a lie, so don't believe it.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"reason vs result\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-니까 puts emphasis on the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"cause or reason\"\n }), \" for something, while -아\u002F어서 puts emphasis on the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"result.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"Emphasis on the reason:\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">날씨[$:nng]가[$:p] 더우니까[덥다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 아이스크림[$:nng]이[$:p] 먹고[먹다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to eat ice cream because it's hot.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl225-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"Emphasis on the result:\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"날씨[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">더워서[덥다:a::$:] 아이스크림[$:nng]이[$:p] 먹고[먹다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's hot so I want to eat ice cream.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl225-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"emphasis\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now we're going to look at nuance. Let's say someone asks \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Why didn't you come to school yesterday?\"\n }), \" You have a choice. You can say\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"I couldn't come because I was sick.\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Or you could say\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"I was sick, so I couldn't come.\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Take a moment to think very carefully about the nuance in these English sentences, because the difference is extremely subtle. Hopefully you can feel that #2 is slightly softer. #1 might sound a little bit annoyed, like maybe the other person should already know you were sick, or like you are answering a little defensively.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"While the English difference (if it even exists) is very subtle, in Korean it is not.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"아팠으니까 못 왔어요.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"아파서 못 왔어요.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Koreans hearing #1 will sense annoyance.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-니까 is more emphatic, and has a bit more emotion behind it. -아\u002F어서 feels less emotional, and it's used more for simple, objective statements of facts.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"usage tip\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As long as you use -니까 for suggestions and commands, you are generally pretty safe using -아\u002F어서 everywhere else. 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stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Sentence endings that cannot be used with -아\u002F어서 include:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-자\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-ㄹ래(요)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-ㅂ시다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-ㄹ까(요)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-세요\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-지 말다\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[9479,9517,8502],{"id":9556,"title":9557,"mod":9558,"grammarPoint":9559,"grammarPointTitle":9557,"grammarPointDescription":9560,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9561,"similarGrammarPoints":9562,"tags":9563,"content":9564,"dependentGrammarPoints":9565,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9566,"prereqPoints":9567},20727325076856,"-아\u002F어 죽겠다 - I could just die",1758028871801,"could-die","-아\u002F어 죽겠다 is a very colloquial way of saying things like \"I'm so hungry, I could die.\"",[8818,8825],[],[6037],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어 죽겠다 - I could just die\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A casual but very expressive way of talking about what a hard time you are having is with the form -아\u002F어 죽겠다 \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I'm so \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">X\u003C\u002Fstrong> I could die.\"\n }), \" This is only used for present situations, and it's always used in situations where you are just exaggerating, you aren't actually going to die.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"요즘[$:nng] 드라마[$:nng]에[$:p] 너무[$:maj] 빠져서[빠지다:v::$:], 다음[$:nng] 화가[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">궁금해[궁금하다:a::$:] 죽겠어요[죽다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"These days I'm really in a drama, I'm deathly curious about the next episode.\",\n audio: 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_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어제[$:maj] 밤[$:nng]을[$:p] 새[$:mm]가지[$:nnb]고[이다:v::$:] 지금[$:maj] 너무[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">졸려[졸다:v::$:] 죽겠어요[죽다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I stayed up all night yesterday, now I'm so sleepy I could die.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl226-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It can also be used in certain positive situations, for instance to say how extremely cute something is.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아기[$:nng] 여우[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">귀여워[귀엽다:a::$:] 죽겠어요[죽다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The baby fox is so cute I could just die!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl226-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb stem + 아\u002F어 죽겠다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아파[아프다:a::$:] 죽겠어[죽다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[8857,8831],{"id":9569,"title":9570,"mod":9571,"grammarPoint":9572,"grammarPointTitle":9570,"grammarPointDescription":9573,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9574,"similarGrammarPoints":9575,"tags":9576,"content":9577,"dependentGrammarPoints":9578,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9579,"prereqPoints":9580},20569919899956,"ㅅ irregular",1758115257931,"s-irregular","When a ㅅ irregular verb or adjective stem connects to an ending that starts with a vowel, you remove the ㅅ. The ending does not contract.",[6154,6161,6162,6163,6164,6165,6166],[],[6037,6458],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"ㅅ irregular\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The last irregular conjugation you need to learn is ㅅ irregular. There aren't that many stems with a ㅅ batchim, and they don't all follow this rule, so just learning them on a case-by-case basis is the best policy.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"But here's how it works: when a ㅅ irregular verb or adjective stem connects to an ending that starts with a vowel, you remove the ㅅ. The stem and the vowel at the beginning of the next syllable \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"do not contract\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It might be easiest to conceptualize this formula as having a different order of operations from other irregulars. Add the usual ending first, and \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"then\"\n }), \" remove the ㅅ if that ending started with a vowel.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"낫다 - to be better\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"낫다 → 나아\u002F나은\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 디자인[$:nng]이[$:p] 더[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">나은[낫다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 것[$:nnb] 같아요[같다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think this design is better.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl227-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"붓다 - to swell\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"붓다 → 부어\u002F부은\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"밤[$:nng]에[$:p] 라면[$:nng]을[$:p] 먹고[먹다:v::$:] 자서[자다:v::$:] 얼굴[$:nng]이[$:p] 많이[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">부었어[붓다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My face is swollen because I went to bed after eating ramyun at night.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl227-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"짓다 - to make\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"짓다 → 지어\u002F지은\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어제[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">지은[짓다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 밥[$:nng]은[$:p] 다[$:maj] 먹었죠[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We ate all the rice we made yesterday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl227-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"exceptions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Some exceptions to this irregular conjugation include the words \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"웃다[웃다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to smile\u002Flaugh,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"씻다[씻다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to wash\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"벗다[벗다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to take off.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"벗다 → 벗어\"\n })\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"밥[$:nng] 먹기[먹다:v::$:] 전[$:nng]에[$:p] 손[$:nng]을[$:p] 씻었어요[씻다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I washed my hands before eating.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl227-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb or adjective stem ending in ㅅ\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"낫다[낫다:a::$:] → 나아요[나다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n짓다[짓다:v::$:] → 지어요[짓다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n낫다[낫다:a::$:] → 나은[낫다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[6237,6171,6181,6191,6201,6211,6221],{"id":9582,"title":9583,"mod":9584,"grammarPoint":9585,"grammarPointTitle":9583,"grammarPointDescription":9586,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9587,"similarGrammarPoints":9589,"tags":9591,"content":9592,"dependentGrammarPoints":9593,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9594,"prereqPoints":9607},20613475349448,"-(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다 - I have no choice but",1758116287341,"no-choice-but","ㄹ 수밖에 없다 means \"I have no choice but to X.\"",[7403,9588],20569920002736,[9590],20579257421904,[6037],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다 - I have no choice but\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When you add 밖에 to -ㄹ 수 없다 \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"can't\"\n }), \", it creates the meaning of \\\"I have no choice but to \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"X\"\n }), \"\\\" or \\\"I can't help but to \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"X\"\n }), \".\\\"\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"티켓[$:nng]을[$:p] 이미[$:maj] 예매해서[예매하다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">갈[가다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 밖[$:nng]에[$:p] 없어[없다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The tickets were purchased in advance so I have no choice but to go.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl229-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"월세[$:nng]가[$:p] 많이[$:maj] 올라서[오르다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이사[$:nng]갈[가다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 밖[$:nng]에[$:p] 없었어요[없다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Rent went up a lot, so I had no choice but to move.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl229-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"회의[$:nng] 때문[$:nnb]에[$:p] 이번주[$:nng] 약속[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">취소할[취소하다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 밖[$:nng]에[$:p] 없어요[없다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I had no choice but to cancel my appointments this week because of meetings.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl229-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이런[$:mm] 상황[$:nng]에[$:p]는[$:p] 경찰[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">부를[부르다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 밖[$:nng]에[$:p] 없어요[없다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"In this situation, there's no choice but to call the police.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl229-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ㄹ 수밖에 없다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할[하다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb]밖에[$:p] 없어[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9595],{"id":9590,"title":9596,"mod":9597,"grammarPoint":9598,"grammarPointTitle":9596,"grammarPointDescription":9599,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9600,"similarGrammarPoints":9602,"tags":9604,"content":9605,"dependentGrammarPoints":9606,"language":6036},"-아\u002F어야지 - Have to",1758547994324,"eoyaji-have-to","The sentence ending -아\u002F어야지\u002F죠 is a very colloquial pattern gives the feeling of \"come on, you know you have to X.\"",[9383,9601],20574230918724,[9383,9601,9603],20574231162612,[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어야지 - Have to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-야 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"되다[되다:v::$:]\u002F하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is often combined with the ending -지\u002F죠, which shortens to -야지\u002F죠. It's a very colloquial pattern and feels like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Come on, you know you have to \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">X\u003C\u002Fstrong>,\"\n }), \" but can be translated to simply \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"you have to \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">X\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I\u002Fwe have to \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">X\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이제[$:maj] 넷플릭스[$:nng] 그만[$:maj] 보고[보다:v::$:] 책[$:nng] 좀[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">읽어야지[읽다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You have to stop watching Netflix and read a book now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl255-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저녁[$:nng] 먹기[먹다:v::$:] 전[$:nng]에[$:p] 샤워[$:nng]부터[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">해야지[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Come on, you know you have to take a shower before eating dinner.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl255-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"다음주[$:nng]에[$:p] 머리[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">깎아야지[깎다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You have to cut your hair next week.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl255-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb + 야지\u002F죠\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가야죠[가다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n공부해야지[공부하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8433],{"id":9609,"title":9610,"mod":9611,"grammarPoint":9612,"grammarPointTitle":9610,"grammarPointDescription":9613,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9614,"similarGrammarPoints":9615,"tags":9616,"content":9617,"dependentGrammarPoints":9618,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9619,"prereqPoints":9620},20678797848612,"거의, 겨우, 막, 딱 - “Just” adverbs",1758117623292,"just-adverbs","This lesson will look at a few more useful adverbs with meanings of almost, just, barely, and exactly.",[],[],[6037,6475,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"거의, 겨우, 막, 딱 - “Just” adverbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This lesson will look at a few more useful adverbs with meanings of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"almost,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"just,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"barely,\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"exactly.\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"거의 - almost\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"거의[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is an adverb that means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"almost\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"nearly.\"\n }), \" It is used when something is close to happening or being true.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"요즘[$:nng] 바빠서[바쁘다:a::$:] 친구[$:nng]들[$:sn]하고[$:p] 연락[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">거의[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 못해요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"These days I'm so busy, I can hardly stay in touch with my friends.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl230-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"회의[$:nng] 시작했는데[시작하다:v::$:] 팀장[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">거의[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 30분[$:nnb] 늦었어[늦다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The meeting started, but the team leader was almost thirty minutes late.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl230-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"겨우 - barely\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another useful adverb is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"겨우[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and it's a little bit harder to define. It equates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"barely\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"just,\"\n }), \" and it is used to emphasize that something was achieved with great difficulty, or that it almost didn't happen.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"밥[$:nng] 먹을[먹다:v::$:] 시간[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">겨우[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 10분[$:nnb]밖에[$:p] 없어[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I have barely ten minutes to eat.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl230-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"학자금[$:nng] 대출[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">겨우[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 다[$:maj] 갚았어요[갚다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I just barely managed to pay off my student loans.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl230-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"막 - just; roughly\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"막[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is an adverb with two quite different meanings.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The first meaning is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"just\"\n }), \" in the sense of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"just now.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지금[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">막[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 서울[$:nnp]에[$:p] 도착했어요[도착하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I just arrived in Seoul.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl230-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The second meaning is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"violently, wildly\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"recklessly, roughly.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"화가[$:nng] 나서[나서다:v::$:] 나[$:np]도[$:p] 모르게[모르다:v::$:] 너무[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">막[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 말[$:nng]했어요[$:sv].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I spoke without even realizing it because I was angry.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl230-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"막[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also commonly used as a filler word to add emotion to a sentence.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"그냥 - just\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This is the one you probably want to use most of the time when you want to say \\\"just.\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:nng]은[$:p] 피곤[$:nng]하니까[$:sv] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그냥[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 집[$:nng]에서[$:p] 쉬자[쉬다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm too tired today so let's just rest at home.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl230-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"커피[$:nng]에[$:p] 설탕[$:nng] 넣지[넣다:v::$:] 말고[$:b] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그냥[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 주세요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don't put sugar in the coffee, just give it to me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl230-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"딱\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"딱[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"precisely\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"exactly.\"\n }), \" In many cases, this is another word that can translate to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"just\"\n }), \" as in \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"just right\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"just my style.\"\n }), \" By now you should be thinking that the word \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"just\"\n }), \" sure covers a wide range of meanings in English, all of which are expressed with a different word in Korean. If you find this all confusing, rest assured that it \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"just\"\n }), \" takes time and exposure to fully understand how they are all used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 신발[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">딱[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 맞네[맞다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"These shoes fit just right!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl230-9.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"딱[$:maj] 좋다[좋다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has a meaning like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"perfect,\"\n }), \" like in the famous movie line:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">딱[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 제[$:mm] 취향[$:nng]인[이다:v::$:] 드라마[$:nng]였어요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The drama is just my taste.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl230-10.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":9622,"title":9623,"mod":9624,"grammarPoint":9625,"grammarPointTitle":9623,"grammarPointDescription":9626,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9627,"similarGrammarPoints":9628,"tags":9629,"content":9630,"dependentGrammarPoints":9631,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9632,"prereqPoints":9633},20569920468660,"어느 - Which",1758117973089,"which","The word 어느 corresponds to \"which\" in English, and just like \"which,\" is asking about a specific thing out of a limited group.",[],[7694],[6037,6615],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"어느 - Which\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어느[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" corresponds to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"which\"\n }), \" in English, and just like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"which,\"\n }), \" is asking about a specific thing out of a limited group.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어느[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 색깔[$:nng]이[$:p] 저[$:np]한테[$:p] 더[$:maj] 잘[$:maj] 어울릴까요[어울리다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Which color suits me better?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl231-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어느[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 건물[$:nng]이[$:p] 우리[$:np] 회사[$:nng] 건물[$:nng]인가요[이다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Which building is our company's building?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl231-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Question words in Korean can also have a meanings like someone, somewhere, etc. Of course there is no somewhich, but \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어느[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can refer to a certain something or someone which is not specified.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"우리[$:np] 팀[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어느[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 정도[$:nng] 경력[$:nng]이[$:p] 있는[있다:v::$:] 사람[$:nng]이[$:p] 있었으면[$:b] 좋겠어요[좋다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I wish we had someone with some experience on our team.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl231-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어느[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 학생[$:nng]이[$:p] 저[$:np]한테[$:p] 와서[오다:v::$:] 이[$:mm] 서류[$:nng]를[$:p] 줬어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A student came and gave me this document.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl231-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"어느 + noun\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어느[$:mm] 맛[$:nng]이야[$:p]?\u003Cbr>\\n어느[$:mm] 날[$:nng]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7699],[],{"id":8264,"title":8270,"mod":8271,"grammarPoint":8272,"grammarPointTitle":8270,"grammarPointDescription":8273,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8274,"similarGrammarPoints":8275,"tags":9635,"content":8278,"dependentGrammarPoints":8279,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9636,"prereqPoints":9639},[6037,7592],[7640,9637,8502],{"id":8257,"title":8258,"mod":8259,"grammarPoint":8260,"grammarPointTitle":8258,"grammarPointDescription":8261,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8262,"similarGrammarPoints":8263,"tags":9638,"content":8266,"dependentGrammarPoints":8267,"language":6036},[6041,7596],[6110,6898,6381],{"id":9641,"title":9642,"mod":9643,"grammarPoint":9644,"grammarPointTitle":9642,"grammarPointDescription":9645,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9646,"similarGrammarPoints":9647,"tags":9650,"content":9651,"dependentGrammarPoints":9652,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9653,"prereqPoints":9675},20569921685916,"-는데요 - Though",1758122078163,"neundeyo-though","Although -는데 is usually a connective ending (connecting two clauses), it can also be used at the end of a sentence.",[8264],[9648,9649],20617484741964,20617474029000,[6037,9334],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiNumberedHeading} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiNumberedHeading) _missingMdxReference(\"UiNumberedHeading\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-는데요 - Though\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Although -는데 is usually a connective ending (connecting two clauses), it can also be used at the end of a sentence. In this case it can be interpreted in a few different ways.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 1\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It can express light disagreement with what someone said.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"안[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">비싼데요[비싸다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's not expensive though.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl233-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 남자[$:nng] 좀[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이상한데[이상하다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That man is a bit strange though.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl233-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 2\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It can indicate you are expecting a response from the other person.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"와이[$:nng]파이[$:nng]가[$:p] 안[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">되는데요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The wi-fi isn't working.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl233-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiNumberedHeading, {\n number: 3\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It can also express surprise.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">멋있는데[멋있다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's cool!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl233-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">재밌는데[재미있다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's fun!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl233-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb, adj or 이다 + ㄴ\u002F은\u002F는데(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"예쁜데[예쁘다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n하는데[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n했는데요[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9654,9665],{"id":9648,"title":9655,"mod":9656,"grammarPoint":9657,"grammarPointTitle":9655,"grammarPointDescription":9658,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9659,"similarGrammarPoints":9660,"tags":9662,"content":9663,"dependentGrammarPoints":9664,"language":6036},"Starting a sentence with 그렇다 2",1758124160718,"starting-sentence-like-that-2","This lesson will look at a few more ways to start a sentence with 그렇다.",[7584,8257,8199,8264],[9661],20617483640616,[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Starting a sentence with 그렇다 2\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This lesson will look at a few more ways to start a sentence with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그렇다[그렇다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"그렇다 + 지만\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Starting a sentence with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그렇지만[$:mag]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is like starting a sentence with \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"however\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"but\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 도시[$:nng]는[$:p] 살기[살다:v::$:] 너무[$:maj] 좋아요[좋다:a::$:]. \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그렇지만[$:mag]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 음식[$:nng]이[$:p] 맛[$:nng] 없어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This city is really good to live in. But the food is bad.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl236-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is also possible to start a sentence with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하지만[$:mag]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with no real change in meaning. However, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하지만[$:mag]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has a slightly more written feeling.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:np]가[$:p] 반[$:nng]에서[$:p] 공부[$:nng]를[$:p] 제일[$:maj] 잘[$:maj] 하는[하다:v::$:] 줄[$:nnb] 알았어요[알다:v::$:]. \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하지만[$:mag]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 제[$:mm] 예상[$:nng]이[$:p] 틀렸어요[틀리다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I thought I was the best student in my class. But I was wrong.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl236-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"그렇다 + ㄴ데\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Starting a sentence with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그런데[$:mag]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is like starting a sentence with \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"but\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"so\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"점심[$:nng] 먹으러[먹다:v::$:] 잠깐[$:maj] 나갔거든[나가다:v::$:]. \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그런데[$:mag]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 친구[$:nng]를[$:p] 길[$:nng]에서[$:p] 만났어[만나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went out for a bit to eat lunch. But I met my friend on the street.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl236-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그런데[$:mag]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 그[$:mm] 지갑[$:nng]은[$:p] 너무[$:maj] 비싸잖아[비싸다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"But that wallet is too expensive!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl236-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In spoken language, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그런데[$:mag]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is frequently shortened to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"근데[$:mag]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아침[$:nng]에[$:p] 일어나서[일어나다:v::$:] 뉴스[$:nng]를[$:p] 봤거든[보다:v::$:]. \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">근데[$:mag]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 분명히[$:maj] 비[$:nng] 온다는[오다:v::$:] 이야기[$:nng]는[$:p] 없었어[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I watched the news when I got up this morning. But they clearly didn't say anything about rain.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl236-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"근데[$:mag]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also be used to change the topic of a conversation, like saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"by the way\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"그렇다 + 도\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그래도[$:mag]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"even so\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"still\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] 목[$:nng]이[$:p] 너무[$:maj] 아파[아프다:a::$:]. \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그래도[$:mag]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 발표[$:nng]는[$:p] 내[$:np]가[$:p] 해야지[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My throat hurts so much today. Still, I'm the one who has to give the presentation.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl236-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"그리고\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To start a sentence with \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"and,\"\n }), \" the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그리고[$:mag]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used instead of 그렇고.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"마트[$:nng]에서[$:p] 빵[$:nng]이랑[$:p] 우유[$:nng]를[$:p] 샀어[사다:v::$:]. \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그리고[$:mag]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 치즈[$:nng]도[$:p] 하나[$:nr] 샀어[사다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I bought bread and milk at the grocery store. And I bought cheese too.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl236-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":9649,"title":9666,"mod":9667,"grammarPoint":9668,"grammarPointTitle":9666,"grammarPointDescription":9669,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9670,"similarGrammarPoints":9671,"tags":9672,"content":9673,"dependentGrammarPoints":9674,"language":6036},"Ending a sentence with -고, -니까, -아\u002F어서",1758201088142,"ending-sentence-grammar","It is usually possible to end a sentence with clause connecting grammar. This lesson gives a few examples.",[7584,8491,8276],[],[6041,7596,8870],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Ending a sentence with -고, -니까, -아\u002F어서\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Some grammar forms are sentence-ending forms and some are connecting forms that appear in between clauses in a sentence. But real language is messier than that and people often end sentences with clause connectors.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"고\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Ending a sentence with -고(요) serves two functions.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is like starting a sentence with \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"and\"\n }), \" in English\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It gives the feeling that you \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"might\"\n }), \" have more to say\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Even though it is giving the feeling you might have more to say, that is not necessarily the case. It can just be \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"and.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"영화[$:nng]는[$:p] 재밌었어[재미있다:a::$:]. 음악[$:nng]도[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">좋았고[좋다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The movie was fun. And the music was good too.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl237-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"니까\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Ending a sentence with -니까(요) is like starting a sentence with \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"because\"\n }), \" in English. This is different from starting a sentence with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그러니까[$:mag]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Sentences that start with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그러니까[$:mag]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are expressing the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"result\"\n }), \" that follows the context that came before it. On the other hand, ending a sentence with -니까 means the sentence is expressing the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"reason\"\n }), \", and the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"result\"\n }), \" was in the previous context. You might say it this way when you belatedly want to give a reason for something you already said.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"술[$:nng]을[$:p] 너무[$:maj] 많이[$:maj] 마시지[마시다:v::$:] 마[$:b]. 내일[$:nng] 일찍[$:maj] 일어나야[일어나다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하니까[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don't drink too much alcohol. Because you have to get up early tomorrow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl237-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"조금[$:maj] 더[$:maj] 자[$:nnb]도[$:p] 돼요[되다:v::$:]. 아직[$:maj] 시간[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">있으니까[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You can sleep a bit longer. Because there is still time.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl237-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When you strongly agree with what someone said, you can reply \\\"그러니까(요).\\\" It is like saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Exactly!\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"That's what I'm saying!\"\n }), \" in Englsh.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그러니까요[$:mag]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That's right.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl237-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"서\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It is also possible to end a sentence with -서(요). Just like with -니까, it means the sentence is the reason for something previously mentioned.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아침[$:nng]에[$:p] 택시[$:nng] 타고[타다:v::$:] 왔어[오다:v::$:]. 늦게[늦다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">일어나서[일어나다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I came by taxi this morning. Because I got up late.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl237-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"치킨[$:nng] 시켰어[시키다:v::$:]. 그냥[$:maj] 요리하기[요리하다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">귀찮아서[귀찮다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I ordered fried chicken. Because it's annoying to cook.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl237-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When you only want to express a reason without repeating previously mentioned information, it's also possible to use -아\u002F어서 그래(요). This construction sounds like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it's because...\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"날씨[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">맑아서[맑다:a::$:] 그래요[그렇다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's because the weather is clear.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl237-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"네[$:np]가[$:p] 자취[$:nng] 경험[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">없어서[없다:a::$:] 그래[그렇다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's because you don't have experience living alone.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl237-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8269],{"id":9677,"title":9678,"mod":9679,"grammarPoint":9680,"grammarPointTitle":9678,"grammarPointDescription":9681,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9682,"similarGrammarPoints":9683,"tags":9684,"content":9685,"dependentGrammarPoints":9686,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9687,"prereqPoints":9688},20673602348448,"-는데도 - Even though",1758123029009,"neundedo-even-though","-는데도 is an emphatic way of saying \"even though.\"",[8199,8264],[],[6037,7592],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-는데도 - Even though\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-는데도 is a combination of -는데 which provides background information and -아\u002F어도 which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"even.\"\n }), \" It equates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"even though\"\n }), \" in English. Since -는데 by itself can sometimes translate to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"even though,\"\n }), \" you can consider this a more emphatic version.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"비[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">오는데도[오다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 걸어왔어[걸어오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even though it's raining, I walked here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl234-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"밤[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">샜는데도[새다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 졸리지[졸리다:v::$:] 않네[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Even though I stayed up all night, I'm not sleepy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl234-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그렇게[$:maj] 많이[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">먹는데도[먹다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 왜[$:maj] 살[$:nnb]이[$:p] 안[$:maj] 쪄[찌다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How do you not gain weight even though you eat that much?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl234-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb, adj or 이다 + ㄴ\u002F은\u002F는데도\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"예쁜데도[예쁘다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n오는데도[오다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n했는데도[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[8204,8269],{"id":9661,"title":9690,"mod":9691,"grammarPoint":9692,"grammarPointTitle":9690,"grammarPointDescription":9693,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9694,"similarGrammarPoints":9695,"tags":9696,"content":9697,"dependentGrammarPoints":9698,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9699,"prereqPoints":9700},"Starting a sentence with 그렇다 1",1758123481735,"starting-sentence-like-that","It is very common in Korean to start a sentence with a conjugated form of 그렇다.",[8153,8491,8211,8276],[9648],[6037],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Starting a sentence with 그렇다 1\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The adjective \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그렇다[그렇다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be like that.\"\n }), \" It is very common in Korean to start a sentence with a conjugated form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그렇다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can refer to something that has previously been mentioned, and in all these cases, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그렇다[그렇다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is referring to the situation previously mentioned in the conversation.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"그렇다 + 서\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그래서[$:mag]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to connect a sentence with the previous sentence and is similar to starting a sentence with \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"so.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어제[$:maj] 배터리[$:nng]가[$:p] 없었어요[없다:a::$:]. \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그래서[$:mag]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 연락[$:nng]이[$:p] 안[$:nng]됐군요[$:sv].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I didn't have any battery yesterday. That's why I couldn't contact you.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl235-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"그렇다 + 니까\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Starting a sentence with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그러니까[그렇다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is like starting a sentence with \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"so,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"therefore,\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"because of that\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내일[$:nng] 휴일[$:nng]이예요[이다:v::$:]. \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그러니까[$:mag]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 깨우지[깨우다:v::$:] 마세요[말다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Tomorrow is a day off. So don't wake me up.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl235-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"그렇다 + 면\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Starting a sentence with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그러면[$:mag]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" indicates that the following statement is conditional on the previous sentence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"프로그램[$:nng]을[$:p] 다시[$:maj] 켜[켜다:v::$:] 보세요[보다:v::$:]. \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그러면[$:mag]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 될[되다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Turn on the program again. If you do that, it will work.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl235-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In speech, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그러면[$:mag]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is frequently abbreviated to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그럼\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그럼[$:mag]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이[$:np]만[$:p] 가[가다:v::$:]보겠습니다[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Then I'll get going now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl235-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그럼[$:mag]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has a second meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"of course.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：운전할[운전하다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 있어요[있다:v::$:]?\u003Cbr>\\nB：\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그럼요[$:ic]\u003C\u002Fstrong>!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: Can you drive? \u003Cbr> B: Of course!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl-235-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Starting a sentence with a form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그렇다[그렇다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" allows you to finish a thought that began in the previous sentence. There is not much difference between saying:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"식사[$:nng]가[$:p] 포함[$:nng]이[$:p] 안[$:maj] 됐어[되다:v::$:]. \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그러니까[$:mag]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 가격[$:nng]이[$:p] 싸지[싸다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"and\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"식사[$:nng]가[$:p] 포함[$:nng]이[$:p] 안[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">됐으니까[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 가격[$:nng]이[$:p] 싸지[싸다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9654],[8182,9479,8936,8502],{"id":9648,"title":9655,"mod":9656,"grammarPoint":9657,"grammarPointTitle":9655,"grammarPointDescription":9658,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9659,"similarGrammarPoints":9660,"tags":9702,"content":9663,"dependentGrammarPoints":9664,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9703,"prereqPoints":9706},[6037],[9704],{"id":9661,"title":9690,"mod":9691,"grammarPoint":9692,"grammarPointTitle":9690,"grammarPointDescription":9693,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9694,"similarGrammarPoints":9695,"tags":9705,"content":9697,"dependentGrammarPoints":9698,"language":6036},[6041],[7640,9637,8204,8269],{"id":9649,"title":9666,"mod":9667,"grammarPoint":9668,"grammarPointTitle":9666,"grammarPointDescription":9669,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9670,"similarGrammarPoints":9671,"tags":9708,"content":9673,"dependentGrammarPoints":9674,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9709,"prereqPoints":9710},[6037,7592,9334],[],[7640,9479,8502],{"id":9712,"title":9713,"mod":9714,"grammarPoint":9715,"grammarPointTitle":9713,"grammarPointDescription":9716,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9717,"similarGrammarPoints":9718,"tags":9719,"content":9720,"dependentGrammarPoints":9721,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9722,"prereqPoints":9723},20565541816980,"-는 것이다",1758201594419,"neun-gushida","Ending a sentence with -ㄴ\u002F는 것이다 serves a few different purposes - response, emotion, and clarification.",[8537],[],[6037],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-는 것이다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"We want to say up front that this is a difficult lesson. Nuance is always tricky to translate, and there is no way to give black and white examples in English. However, this is a very common grammar form that beginners (and even intermediate students) often ask about, so we're going to introduce it now. There is no need to memorize any of this. As always, you will need lots of exposure to master it.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Ending a sentence with -ㄴ\u002F는 것이다 serves a few different purposes - \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"response\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"emotion\"\n }), \", and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"clarification\"\n }), \". Let's look at the difference between these two sentences:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나[$:np]는[$:p] 공부해[공부하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나[$:np]는[$:p] 공부하는[공부하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"These sentences can both be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I'm studying.\"\n }), \" If you want to be really literal, \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I study\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I'm a thing that studies.\"\n }), \" (actually, don't be literal, that sounds too weird!) The first is a simple declarative sentence. However, the second sounds like it is a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"response\"\n }), \" to someone asking what you're doing. For example, let's say your mom comes into your room and sees you on your computer. You want to \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"clarify\"\n }), \" that you are studying, not playing games. In Korean, the more natural response to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"What are you doing?\"\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"The thing I am doing \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">is\u003C\u002Fstrong>, is studying.\"\n }), \" Remember that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것[$:nnb]이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" ends in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"is.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This form can be used to ask questions too. Let's compare two sentences:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"뭐[$:np] 해[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"?\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"뭐[$:np] 하는[하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"?\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Again, these both translate to \\\"What are you doing?\\\", but \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"뭐[$:np] 하는[하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"? sounds more aggressive and \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"emotional\"\n }), \". You would use the second question if you just saw someone doing something they shouldn't. You already know they are doing \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"something\"\n }), \", but you want to \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"clarify\"\n }), \" exactly what it is.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Another example is if you ask:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오늘[$:maj] 만나요[만나다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"?\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"you could be checking if we're meeting today, or you could be suggesting that we meet today. It's pretty neutral. But if you ask:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오늘[$:maj] 만나는[만나다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"?\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"you are asking for \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"clarification\"\n }), \", with a degree of \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"emotion\"\n }), \", in \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"response\"\n }), \" to something someone else said or did. For instance, you could say this in response to a friend showing up at your door when you thought you were going to meet up with them next week.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어디[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가는[$:b] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Where do you think you're going?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl238-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지금[$:maj] 나[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">무시하는[무시하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Are you ignoring me right now?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl238-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지금[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">장난치는[장난치다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Are you kidding me?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl238-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]한테[$:p] 왜[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이러는[이렇다:a::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why are you being like this to me?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl238-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"직원[$:nng] 리스트[$:nng]를[$:p] 받았는데[받다:v::$:] 아는[알다:v::$:] 이름[$:nng]이[$:p] 하나[$:nr]도[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">없는[없다:a::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I received the list of employees, but there's not one name I recognized.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl238-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"ㄴ\u002F는 것이다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하는[하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n한[$:mm] 거[$:nnb]야[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[8543],{"id":9725,"title":9726,"mod":9727,"grammarPoint":9728,"grammarPointTitle":9726,"grammarPointDescription":9729,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9730,"similarGrammarPoints":9731,"tags":9734,"content":9735,"dependentGrammarPoints":9736,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9737,"prereqPoints":9758},20569921732008,"쯤 - Approximately",1758201941053,"jeum-approximately","The suffix 쯤 is added directly to a counter to express \"approximately.\"",[6944],[9732,9733],20569921835940,20558774307780,[6037,7740],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"쯤 - Approximately\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The suffix \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"쯤[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added directly to a counter to express \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"approximately.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"식당[$:nng] 앞[$:nng]에[$:p] 20명[$:nnb]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쯤[$:sn]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 기다리고[기다리다:v::$:] 있어서[있다:v::$:] 다른[$:mm] 데[$:nnb]로[$:p] 가야[가다:v::$:] 할[하다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb] 같아요[같다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are around 20 people waiting in line at the restaurant, so I think we need to go somewhere else.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl239-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"강남역[$:nnp]에서[$:p] 여기[$:np]까지[$:p] 지하철[$:nng]로[$:nnp] 30분[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쯤[$:sn]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 걸릴[걸리다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think he took almost around 100 selfies.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl239-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여자친구[$:nng]랑[$:p] 두[$:mm] 시간[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쯤[$:sn]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 통화한[통화하다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb] 같아[같다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to try to learn any instrument once.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl239-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"counter + 쯤\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"5명[$:nng]쯤[$:sn]\u003Cbr>\\n12시[$:nng]쯤[$:sn]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9738,9748],{"id":9732,"title":9739,"mod":9740,"grammarPoint":9741,"grammarPointTitle":9739,"grammarPointDescription":9742,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9743,"similarGrammarPoints":9744,"tags":9745,"content":9746,"dependentGrammarPoints":9747,"language":6036},"정도 - To a certain extent",1758202487955,"jungdo-certain-extent","정도 means \"a certain degree or extent\" or \"approximately.\"",[7138,7889,8033],[9725],[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"정도 - To a certain extent\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"정도[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"a certain degree or extent\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"approximately.\"\n }), \" It can be used like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"쯤[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but it requires a space between it and the noun.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"방문객[$:nng]들[$:sn]이[$:p] 작년[$:nng]보다[$:p] 20% \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">정도[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 증가했습니다[증가하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Visitor numbers have increased by about 20% compared to last year.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl240-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"냄비[$:nng]에[$:p] 물[$:nng]을[$:p] 두[$:mm] 컵[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">정도[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 넣으세요[넣다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Put around two cups of water in the pot.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl240-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Since it is a noun, it can also be used to indicate an unspecified amount.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이[$:mm] 정도[$:nng]로[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 엉망[$:nng]일[이다:v::$:] 줄[$:nnb] 몰랐어[모르다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I didn't know it would be this much of a mess.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl240-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is also used with verbs in their noun modifier form to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to the extent that ____.\"\n }), \" It's common to use the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"로[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in this case.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"약[$:nng]이[$:p] 못[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">먹을[먹다:v::$:] 정도[$:nng]로[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 쓰지는[쓰다:v::$:] 않아요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The medicine is not so bitter than you can't take it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl240-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하루[$:nng]에[$:p] 공원[$:nng] 한[$:mm] 바퀴[$:nnb] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">뛰는[뛰다:v::$:] 정도[$:nng]로[$:p]는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 살[$:nng]을[$:p] 쉽게[쉽다:a::$:] 못[$:maj] 뺄[빼다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You aren't going to easily lose weight just running once around the park every day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl240-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"counter + 정도\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"5명[$:nnb] 정도[$:nng]\u003Cbr>\\n12시간[$:nng] 정도[$:nng]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb + 정도\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할[하다:v::$:] 정도[$:nng]\u003Cbr>\\n집[$:nng]을[$:p] 살[$:nnb] 정도[$:nng]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":9733,"title":9749,"mod":9750,"grammarPoint":9751,"grammarPointTitle":9749,"grammarPointDescription":9752,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9753,"similarGrammarPoints":9754,"tags":9755,"content":9756,"dependentGrammarPoints":9757,"language":6036},"만큼 - As much as",1758203493396,"mankeum-as-much-as","The particle 만큼 indicates something is \"as much as\" something else.",[7138,7889,8033],[9732],[6041,6082],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"만큼 - As much as\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"만큼[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" indicates something is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"as much as\"\n }), \" something else.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이번달[$:nng]에[$:p]는[$:p] 생활비[$:nng]를[$:p] 지난달[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만큼[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 쓰지는[쓰다:v::$:] 않았어[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This month, I didn't spend as much on living expenses as I did last month.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FSentence_Batch 2_Nar_Minwoo159.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"동생[$:nng]이[$:p] 저[$:np]보다[$:p] 다섯[$:nr] 살[$:nnb] 어린데[어리다:a::$:] 키[$:nng]는[$:p] 저[$:mm] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만큼[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 커요[크다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My younger sibling is five years younger than me, but he's as tall as I am.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FSentence_Batch 2_Nar_Minwoo160.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"정도[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it can be used with noun modifiers.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">준비한[준비하다:v::$:] 만큼[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 발표[$:nng]를[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 하지[하다:v::$:] 못해서[$:b] 아쉬워요[아쉽다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's too bad that my presentation wasn't as good as my preparations for it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FSentence_Batch 2_Nar_Minwoo161.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"처음[$:nng] 만났지만[만나다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">예상했던[예상하다:v::$:] 만큼[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 어색하지는[어색하다:a::$:] 않았어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's the first time we met, but it wasn't as awkward as I expected.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FSentence_Batch 2_Nar_Minwoo162.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가격[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">비싼[비싸다:a::$:] 만큼[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 성능[$:nng]도[$:p] 좋아요[좋다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The performance is as good as the price is high.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FSentence_Batch 2_Nar_Minwoo163.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">공부한[공부하다:v::$:] 만큼[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 결과[$:nng]는[$:p] 따라올[따라오다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Your results will be as good as the 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\"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이만큼[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6967],{"id":9732,"title":9739,"mod":9740,"grammarPoint":9741,"grammarPointTitle":9739,"grammarPointDescription":9742,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9743,"similarGrammarPoints":9744,"tags":9760,"content":9746,"dependentGrammarPoints":9747,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9761,"prereqPoints":9764},[6037],[9762],{"id":9725,"title":9726,"mod":9727,"grammarPoint":9728,"grammarPointTitle":9726,"grammarPointDescription":9729,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9730,"similarGrammarPoints":9731,"tags":9763,"content":9735,"dependentGrammarPoints":9736,"language":6036},[6041,7734],[7895,7923,8042],{"id":9733,"title":9749,"mod":9750,"grammarPoint":9751,"grammarPointTitle":9749,"grammarPointDescription":9752,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9753,"similarGrammarPoints":9754,"tags":9766,"content":9756,"dependentGrammarPoints":9757,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9767,"prereqPoints":9768},[6037,6079],[9738],[7895,7923,8042],{"id":9770,"title":9771,"mod":9772,"grammarPoint":9773,"grammarPointTitle":9774,"grammarPointDescription":9775,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9776,"similarGrammarPoints":9777,"tags":9778,"content":9779,"dependentGrammarPoints":9780,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9781,"prereqPoints":9782},20569921953660,"무슨 - What",1758205158531,"museun-what-kind-of","무슨 - What kind of","무슨 is a question word meaning \"what.\" It is a noun modifier, so it must come before a noun.",[],[7694],[6037,6615],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"무슨 - What\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"무슨[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a question word meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what.\"\n }), \" It is a noun modifier, so it must come before a noun.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">무슨[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 영화[$:nng]에[$:p] 출연하셨어요[출연하다:a::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What movie did you appear in?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl242-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">무슨[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 메뉴[$:nng]가[$:p] 제일[$:maj] 맛있어요[맛있다:a::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What menu item is the best?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl242-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"무슨[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can also mean \\\"some kind of.\\\"\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내[$:np]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">무슨[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 신[$:nng]이야[$:p]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Am I some kind of god?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl242-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"무슨[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" also can be used as a noun modifier to emphasize your dissatisfaction with something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:np]게[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">무슨[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 소리[$:nng]야[$:p]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What the heck are you talking about?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl242-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In this case you can end a sentence with it to show your disbelief and dissatisfaction about a topic.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"생일[$:nng] 선물[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">무슨[$:mm]\u003C\u002Fstrong>! 생일[$:nng] 축하[$:nng] 메시지[$:nng]도[$:p] 없었어[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What do you mean, birthday present! 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x2=\\\"52.27\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".008\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".396\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE700\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003ClinearGradient id=\\\"Diamond_svg__f\\\" x1=\\\"42.861\\\" x2=\\\"61.676\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".008\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FF77AD\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".585\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003ClinearGradient id=\\\"Diamond_svg__g\\\" x1=\\\"52.269\\\" x2=\\\"80.492\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF0\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".583\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"무슨[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is actually the noun modifier form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"무엇[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7699],[],{"id":9784,"title":9785,"mod":9786,"grammarPoint":9787,"grammarPointTitle":9785,"grammarPointDescription":9788,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9789,"similarGrammarPoints":9790,"tags":9791,"content":9792,"dependentGrammarPoints":9793,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9794,"prereqPoints":9795},20662948288920,"일, 경우, 짓 - An act or situation",1758209959732,"act-or-situation","The words 일, 경우, and 짓 refer to an unspecified act or situation. This lesson explains their nuance and how they are commonly used.",[],[],[6037,8035,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"일, 경우, 짓 - An act or situation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can mean work or the number one, but it has another definition that can be a little tricky to express in English - it is used to refer to an act, a case, or a situation. It is used in cases where, in English, we would say things like:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Did something happen?\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"What's the matter?\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"What's going on?\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Something terrible happened!\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] 안[$:maj] 좋은[좋다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">일[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이[$:p] 있었나[$:b] 봐요[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I guess something bad happened today.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl243-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:np]게[$:p] 싸울[싸우다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">일[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이야[$:p]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Is that something to fight over?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl243-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"경우 - case or situation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"경우[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" refers to a case or situation.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"요즘[$:nng]은[$:p] 졸업하고[졸업하다:v::$:] 바로[$:maj] 취직하는[취직하다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">경우[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>가[$:p] 흔하지[흔하다:a::$:] 않아요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"These days it's not common to get a job right after graduation.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl243-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"반려[$:nng] 동물[$:nng]과[$:p] 비행기[$:nng]를[$:p] 탈[타다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">경우[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 스트레스[$:nng]에[$:p] 신경[$:nng] 써[쓰다:v::$:] 주세요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please be mindful of the stress levels of your pets when you fly with them.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl243-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"짓 - negative act\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another word that works similarly to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"짓[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". While the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is neutral and can be used for good or bad things, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"짓[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is only used to talk disparagingly about bad actions or behavior.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"쓸데없는[쓸데없다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">짓[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 하지[하다:v::$:] 말고[$:b] 가만히[$:maj] 있어[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Stop fooling around and just sit still.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl243-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"밤늦게[밤늦다:a::$:] 큰[크다:a::$:] 소리[$:nng]로[$:p] 떠들어서[떠들다:v::$:] 이웃[$:nng]에게[$:p] 피해[$:nng]를[$:p] 주는[$:b] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">짓[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>은[$:p] 하지[하다:v::$:] 맙시다[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's not disturb our neighbors by making loud noises late at night.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl243-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":9797,"title":9798,"mod":9799,"grammarPoint":9800,"grammarPointTitle":9798,"grammarPointDescription":9801,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9802,"similarGrammarPoints":9803,"tags":9804,"content":9805,"dependentGrammarPoints":9806,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9807,"prereqPoints":9818},20572029631572,"-(으)ㄹ까요 - Shall we?",1758293492030,"lkkayo-shall-we","-ㄹ까(요) is used for asking if the listener wants to do something together, or ask their preference for something. It equates to \"shall we?\"",[],[8250],[6037,9334],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)ㄹ까요 - Shall we?\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The grammar form -ㄹ까(요) is used for asking if the listener wants to do something together, or ask their preference for something. It equates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"shall we?\"\n }), \" but without the formality that might imply in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지금[$:maj] 발표[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">시작할까요[시작하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Shall we start the presentation now?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl244-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"너무[$:maj] 배고픈데[배고프다:a::$:], 우리[$:np] 그냥[$:maj] 여기[$:np]서[$:p] 라면[$:nng]이라도[이다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">먹을까요[먹다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm so hungry, should we just eat ramyun here?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl244-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"점심[$:nng] 먹고[먹다:v::$:] 회사[$:nng] 주변[$:nng]을[$:p] 같이[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">산책할까요[산책하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Should we go walk in the area around the office together after we eat lunch?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl244-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb + ㄹ까(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할까[하다:v::$:]?\u003Cbr>\\n먹을까요[먹다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9808],{"id":8250,"title":9809,"mod":9810,"grammarPoint":9811,"grammarPointTitle":9809,"grammarPointDescription":9812,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9813,"similarGrammarPoints":9814,"tags":9815,"content":9816,"dependentGrammarPoints":9817,"language":6036},"-(으)ㄹ래요 - Do you want to?",1758298204515,"lleyo-do-you-want-to","The ending -(으)ㄹ래(요)? is used among friends to ask if the listener wants to do something with you.",[7749,7048],[8232,9797],[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)ㄹ래요 - Do you want to?\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The ending -(으)ㄹ래(요)? is used among friends to ask if the listener wants to do something with you.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"우리[$:np] 점심[$:nng]으로[$:p] 김치찌개[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">먹을래요[먹다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Do you want to have kimchi jjigae for lunch?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl249-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"너[$:np]도[$:p] 그[$:mm] 친구[$:nng] 생일[$:nng] 파티[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">갈래[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Do you want to go to that friend's birthday party too?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl249-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The negative form -지 않을래(요) can also be used \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"with no functional change in meaning\"\n }), \". Just like in English, the question \\\"would you like to eat?\\\" and \\\"wouldn't you like to eat?\\\" are really the same question.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"놀이공원[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가지[$:nnb] 않을래요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Wouldn't you like to go to the amusement park?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl249-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To add more politeness (but still only with people you are close to) you can use -실래요.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]랑[$:p] 자리[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">바꾸실래요[바꾸다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Would you like to change places with me?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl249-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This form is used often used as a threat (jokingly) to ask the listener if they want to be hit or die. It's used in situations where the speaker is annoyed by the listener.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">죽을래[죽다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You wanna die?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl249-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"stems ending in ㄹ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When adding -ㄹ래요 to stems ending in ㄹ, the ㄹ is absorbed.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"빨다 → 빨 + ㄹ래 → 빨래\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"양말[$:nng]도[$:p] 같이[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">빨래[$:nng]요[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You want to launder the socks too?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl249-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb + ㄹ래(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할래요[하다:v::$:]?\u003Cbr>\\n먹을래[먹다:v::$:]?\u003Cbr>\\n팔래[팔다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":8848,"title":8863,"mod":8864,"grammarPoint":8865,"grammarPointTitle":8863,"grammarPointDescription":8866,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8867,"similarGrammarPoints":8868,"tags":9820,"content":8871,"dependentGrammarPoints":8872,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9821,"prereqPoints":9822},[6037,9334],[],[7837],{"id":9284,"title":9418,"mod":9419,"grammarPoint":9420,"grammarPointTitle":9418,"grammarPointDescription":9421,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9422,"similarGrammarPoints":9423,"tags":9824,"content":9425,"dependentGrammarPoints":9426,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9825,"prereqPoints":9826},[6037,9334],[9277,9288],[8862],{"id":9828,"title":9829,"mod":9830,"grammarPoint":9831,"grammarPointTitle":9829,"grammarPointDescription":9832,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9833,"similarGrammarPoints":9834,"tags":9836,"content":9837,"dependentGrammarPoints":9838,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9839,"prereqPoints":9850},20573899147980,"-자 - Let's",1758296487369,"ja-lets","The sentence ending -자 is added to a verb to suggest that the listener do something with you. It corresponds to let's in English.",[8336],[9835],20573899497216,[6037,6055],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-자 - Let's\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The sentence ending -자 is added to a verb to suggest that the listener do something with you. It corresponds to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"let's\"\n }), \" in English. This ending is \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"only\"\n }), \" used in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"반말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". You cannot add -요 to make it polite.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이제[$:maj] 슬슬[$:maj] 집[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가자[가다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's start heading home now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl247-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"우리[$:np] 다른[$:mm] 게임[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하자[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's play a different game.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl247-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"우리[$:np] 이[$:np]만[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">헤어지자[헤어지다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's break up now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl247-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: 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it.\");\n}\n",[],[9840],{"id":9835,"title":9841,"mod":9842,"grammarPoint":9843,"grammarPointTitle":9841,"grammarPointDescription":9844,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9845,"similarGrammarPoints":9846,"tags":9847,"content":9848,"dependentGrammarPoints":9849,"language":6036},"-(으)ㅂ시다 - Polite “let’s\"",1758296841970,"polite-lets","The sentence ending -(으)ㅂ시다 is a polite way to say \"let's.\"",[],[9828],[6041,9214,6334,6497],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) 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This form is polite without using -요.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:nng]은[$:p] 이[$:np]만[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">퇴근합시다[퇴근하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's be done and leave work now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl248-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"우리[$:np] 여기[$:np]서[$:p] 사진[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">찍읍시다[찍다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's take a picture here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl248-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"let's not\"\n }), \" you can use the \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"don't\"\n }), \" ending -지 말다 combined with -ㅂ시다 to give you -지 맙시다 (note that the ㄹ in 말다 drops out.)\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"회식[$:nng] 자리[$:nng]에서[$:p] 일[$:nng] 이야기[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하지[하다:v::$:] 맙시다[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's not talk about work at work dinners.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl248-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"While this ending can technically be used in polite speech, it shouldn't be used with someone higher than you in rank or age. 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Instead, it is safer to use -ㄹ까요 to ask if the other person would like to do something with you.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb + (으)ㅂ시다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"합시다[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n먹읍시다[먹다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8362],{"id":9835,"title":9841,"mod":9842,"grammarPoint":9843,"grammarPointTitle":9841,"grammarPointDescription":9844,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9845,"similarGrammarPoints":9846,"tags":9852,"content":9848,"dependentGrammarPoints":9849,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9853,"prereqPoints":9856},[6037,9210,6330,6493],[9854],{"id":9828,"title":9829,"mod":9830,"grammarPoint":9831,"grammarPointTitle":9829,"grammarPointDescription":9832,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9833,"similarGrammarPoints":9834,"tags":9855,"content":9837,"dependentGrammarPoints":9838,"language":6036},[6041,6059],[],{"id":8250,"title":9809,"mod":9810,"grammarPoint":9811,"grammarPointTitle":9809,"grammarPointDescription":9812,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9813,"similarGrammarPoints":9814,"tags":9858,"content":9816,"dependentGrammarPoints":9817,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9859,"prereqPoints":9864},[6037],[9860,9862],{"id":8232,"title":8233,"mod":8234,"grammarPoint":8235,"grammarPointTitle":8233,"grammarPointDescription":8236,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8237,"similarGrammarPoints":8238,"tags":9861,"content":8241,"dependentGrammarPoints":8242,"language":6036},[6041,7072],{"id":9797,"title":9798,"mod":9799,"grammarPoint":9800,"grammarPointTitle":9798,"grammarPointDescription":9801,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9802,"similarGrammarPoints":9803,"tags":9863,"content":9805,"dependentGrammarPoints":9806,"language":6036},[6041,8870],[7780,7064],{"id":8239,"title":8245,"mod":8246,"grammarPoint":8247,"grammarPointTitle":8245,"grammarPointDescription":8248,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8249,"similarGrammarPoints":8251,"tags":9866,"content":8253,"dependentGrammarPoints":8254,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9867,"prereqPoints":9868},[6037],[9860],[9808],{"id":9870,"title":9871,"mod":9872,"grammarPoint":9873,"grammarPointTitle":9874,"grammarPointDescription":9875,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9876,"similarGrammarPoints":9877,"tags":9878,"content":9879,"dependentGrammarPoints":9880,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9881,"prereqPoints":9882},20573899922568,"-았\u002F었었다 - Emphasizing the past",1758544340505,"eosseotda-past-perfect","-았\u002F었었다 - Past perfect","Using this \"double past tense\" indicates an action or state took place in the past and has changed or is no longer relevant.",[6863,6864],[6864],[6037,6866],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-았\u002F었었다 - Emphasizing the past\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The expression -았\u002F었었다 (which looks like some sort of double past tense with the two 었s) signifies that\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"an action or state took place in the past and has changed or is no longer relevant\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"adds the feeling that something happened further in the past than -었다\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can think of this form as being \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"similar\"\n }), \" to past perfect (\", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"had done\"\n }), \" in English), but it doesn't really match any tense in English exactly. It mainly functions to emphasize the feeling that something happened in the past.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"예전[$:nng]에[$:p]는[$:p] 여기[$:np]서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">일[$:nng]했었는데[$:sv]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 지금[$:nng]은[$:p] 다른[$:mm] 회사[$:nng]에[$:p] 다녀요[다니다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He used to work here, but now he works somewhere else.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl251-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": 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x2=\\\"80.492\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF0\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".583\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This pattern is not classified as an official tense in Korean. Korean only officially recognizes six tenses. The official tenses are the present, past and future, plus the progressive forms of those tenses.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6884],[6874,6884],{"id":9601,"title":9884,"mod":9885,"grammarPoint":9886,"grammarPointTitle":9884,"grammarPointDescription":9887,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9888,"similarGrammarPoints":9889,"tags":9891,"content":9892,"dependentGrammarPoints":9893,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9894,"prereqPoints":9915},"-야 되다\u002F하다 - To have to",1758544499925,"ya-dweda-have-to","-야 되다\u002F하다 indicates that something is required or necessary. It equates to \"have to.\"",[9154],[9603,9590,9890],20816592966852,[6037],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-야 되다\u002F하다 - To have to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The expression -아\u002F어야 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"되다[되다:v::$:]\u002F하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to a verb or adjective stem to indicate that the preceding statement is required or necessary. -아\u002F어야 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"되다[되다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and -아\u002F어야 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" mean the same thing, are interchangeable and equally common. 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it.\");\n}\n",[],[9895,9595,9905],{"id":9603,"title":9896,"mod":9897,"grammarPoint":9898,"grammarPointTitle":9896,"grammarPointDescription":9899,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9900,"similarGrammarPoints":9901,"tags":9902,"content":9903,"dependentGrammarPoints":9904,"language":6036},"-아\u002F어야겠다 - I guess I better",1758547445592,"yagetda-guess-i-better","The grammar form -아\u002F어야겠다 translates to \"I guess I better X,\" or \"I had better X.\"",[8818,8825,9601],[9601],[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) 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The phrase translates to something along the lines of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I guess I better \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">X\u003C\u002Fstrong>,\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I had better \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">X\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이제[$:nng]부터[$:p] 운동[$:nng]을[$:p] 좀[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">해야겠다[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I guess I had better start exercising.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl254-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), 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\"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"기다려야겠어[기다리다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" into individual components, we can see what meaning they each contribute.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Component\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Comes from\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"기다려\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"기다리다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to wait\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"야\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"야\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"requirement\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"곘어\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"곘\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"expresses supposition (guess)\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":9890,"title":9906,"mod":9907,"grammarPoint":9908,"grammarPointTitle":9906,"grammarPointDescription":9909,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9910,"similarGrammarPoints":9911,"tags":9912,"content":9913,"dependentGrammarPoints":9914,"language":6036},"-아\u002F어야 - Necessary condition",1758548416752,"eoya-only-if","-아\u002F어야 expresses a necessary condition that must happen first in order for something else to happen.",[],[9601],[6041,7596],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어야 - Necessary condition\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-아\u002F어야 expresses a necessary condition that must happen first in order for something else to happen.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRow, {\n children: _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 2,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"A 어야 B\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"A - necessary condition\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"B - desired situation\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"use fresh ingredients\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"be delicious\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"buy tickets in advance\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"see the concert\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"wake up early\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"be healthy\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"비밀번호[$:nng]를[$:p] 자주[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">바꿔야[바꾸다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 해킹[$:nng]을[$:p] 안[$:maj] 당해요[당하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You won't get hacked if you change your password often.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl256-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"스마트폰[$:nng] 배터리[$:nng]는[$:p] 80%까지만[까다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">충전해야[충전하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 오래[$:maj] 쓸[쓰다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Your smartphone battery can only last a long time if you only charge it to 80%.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl256-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"안경[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">써야[쓰다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 잘[$:maj] 보여요[보이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can see well only if I wear glasses.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl256-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"말[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">해[하다:v::$:]줘야[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 알지[알다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can only know if you tell me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl256-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"학생증[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">찍어야[찍다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 도서관[$:nng]에[$:p] 들어갈[들어가다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 있거든요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You can only enter the library using your student ID.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl256-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb + -아\u002F어야\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"써야[쓰다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n일어나야[일어나다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9191],{"id":9917,"title":9918,"mod":9919,"grammarPoint":9920,"grammarPointTitle":9918,"grammarPointDescription":9921,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9922,"similarGrammarPoints":9924,"tags":9925,"content":9926,"dependentGrammarPoints":9927,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9928,"prereqPoints":9929},20574231064524,"-았\u002F었으면 좋겠다 - I hope",1758545904772,"i-hope","-았\u002F었으면 좋겠다 expresses the speaker's hope or wish.",[8825,8894,9923],20814356131452,[],[6037],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-았\u002F었으면 좋겠다 - I hope\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This grammar form is a combination of -았\u002F었으면 which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if it were\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"좋겠다[좋다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it would be good.\\\"\"\n }), \" Together they have the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I wish\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I hope.\"\n }), \" While \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"었\"\n }), \"으면 seems to indicate past tense, this form is used to express your hopes for the future.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm]사갈[$:nnp] 집[$:nng]은[$:p] 지금[$:maj] 집[$:nng]보다[$:p] 화장실[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">넓었으면[넓다:a::$:] 좋겠어요[좋다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to move to a home with a bigger bathroom than our old place had.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl253-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지하철[$:nng]에[$:p] 사람[$:nng]이[$:p] 너무[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">많지[많다:a::$:] 않았으면[$:b] 좋겠다[좋다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I wish there weren't so many people on the subway.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl253-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이번[$:nng] 달[$:nng]에[$:p]는[$:p] 주식[$:nng]이[$:p] 조금[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">올랐으면[오르다:v::$:] 좋겠어[좋다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I wish the stock price would go up a bit this month.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl253-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is easy to read sentences like these literally as \\\"if \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"X\"\n }), \", it would be good,\\\" but it is more accurate to translate it to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I wish\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I hope.\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is also possible to say -(으)면 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: 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x2=\\\"80.492\\\" y1=\\\"32.974\\\" y2=\\\"32.974\\\" gradientUnits=\\\"userSpaceOnUse\\\">\\n\u003Cstop stop-color=\\\"#FF0\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\".583\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003Cstop offset=\\\"1\\\" stop-color=\\\"#FFE7FF\\\"\u002F>\\n\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\\n\u003C\u002Fdefs>\\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\\n\",\n style: \"margin: auto\"\n }), _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Advanced Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The past tense used in this grammar form is being used to express an imagined state where the desired thing has already been realized.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[8831,8901,9930],{"id":9923,"title":9931,"mod":9932,"grammarPoint":9933,"grammarPointTitle":9931,"grammarPointDescription":9934,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9935,"similarGrammarPoints":9936,"tags":9937,"content":9938,"dependentGrammarPoints":9939,"language":6036},"다면\u002F라면 - If",1758899765087,"damyeon-if","-다면\u002F라면 has a stronger hypothetical or wistful feeling than simply using -면.",[8082,8211,8775],[8211],[6041,7596],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"다면\u002F라면 - If\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-면 can mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"when.\"\n }), \" By attaching 면 to plain form, you can add emphasis to the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if.\"\n }), \" It's used for sentences like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if only it hadn't rained\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if I were president\"\n }), \" that either didn't happen or are unlikely to happen. It has a stronger hypothetical or wistful feeling than simply using -면.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Part of Speech\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Tense\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Ending\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Example\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Verb (batchim)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Present\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-는다면\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"먹는다면\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Verb (no batchim)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Present\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-ㄴ다면\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"간다면\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Adjective\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Present\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-다면\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"예쁘다면\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"이다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Present\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-(이)라면\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"사람이라면\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"V\u002FAdj\u002F이다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Past\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-았었다면\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"했다면\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"다시[$:maj] 10년[$:nnb] 전[$:nng]으로[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">돌아간다면[돌아가다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 비트코인[$:nng]부터[$:p] 사야지[사다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If I could go back ten years, I'd start by buying bitcoin.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl291-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"매일[$:maj] 화[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">낸다면[내다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 성격[$:nng]에[$:p] 문제[$:nng]가[$:p] 있는[있다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you get angry every day, there's something wrong with your personality.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl291-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This form naturally combines with -았었을 것이다, because it is often used to speculate about what might have happened if things had been different.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"새벽[$:nng]에[$:p] 총[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쐈다면[쏘다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 누군가[$:np] 그[$:mm] 소리[$:nng]를[$:p] 들었을[들다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If there was a gunshot at dawn, someone must have heard it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl291-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"-(이)라면\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When used with 이다, this form changes to -(이)라면.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"발표자[$:nng]가[$:p] 김[$:nnp] 대리[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">라면[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 발표[$:nng]는[$:p] 걱정하지[걱정하다:v::$:] 않아도[$:b] 되겠어요[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If the presenter is manager Kim, you don't need to worry about it..\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl291-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:mm] 말[$:nng]이[$:p] 사실[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이라면[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 우리[$:np]는[$:p] 지금[$:maj] 시간[$:nng]이[$:p] 없어[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If that's true, we don't have time now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl291-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Plain form + 면\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"비[$:nng]가[$:p] 안[$:maj] 왔다면[오다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n더[$:maj] 예쁘다면[예쁘다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n너[$:np]라면[이다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":9603,"title":9896,"mod":9897,"grammarPoint":9898,"grammarPointTitle":9896,"grammarPointDescription":9899,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9900,"similarGrammarPoints":9901,"tags":9941,"content":9903,"dependentGrammarPoints":9904,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9942,"prereqPoints":9945},[6037],[9943],{"id":9601,"title":9884,"mod":9885,"grammarPoint":9886,"grammarPointTitle":9884,"grammarPointDescription":9887,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9888,"similarGrammarPoints":9889,"tags":9944,"content":9892,"dependentGrammarPoints":9893,"language":6036},[6041],[8857,8831,9943],{"id":9590,"title":9596,"mod":9597,"grammarPoint":9598,"grammarPointTitle":9596,"grammarPointDescription":9599,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9600,"similarGrammarPoints":9602,"tags":9947,"content":9605,"dependentGrammarPoints":9606,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9948,"prereqPoints":9949},[6037],[9409,9943,9895],[9409,9943],{"id":9890,"title":9906,"mod":9907,"grammarPoint":9908,"grammarPointTitle":9906,"grammarPointDescription":9909,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9910,"similarGrammarPoints":9911,"tags":9951,"content":9913,"dependentGrammarPoints":9914,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9952,"prereqPoints":9953},[6037,7592],[9943],[],{"id":9955,"title":9956,"mod":9957,"grammarPoint":9958,"grammarPointTitle":9956,"grammarPointDescription":9959,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9960,"similarGrammarPoints":9961,"tags":9962,"content":9963,"dependentGrammarPoints":9964,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9965,"prereqPoints":9968},20579258120916,"께, 께서, 께서는 - Honorific particles",1758549836027,"honorific-particles","In formal situations or in situations where a high degree of respect needs to be expressed, honorific particles are used.",[6070,6274,7543,7556],[6070,6274,7543,7556,7749],[6037,7757,6079],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"께, 께서, 께서는 - Honorific particles\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In formal situations or in situations where a high degree of respect needs to be expressed, honorific particles are used. The following chart shows the honorific versions of particles you already know.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Particle\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Formal particle\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:p]\u002F가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"께서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\u002F는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"께서는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에게[$:p](서)\u002F한테[$:p](서)\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"께[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As shown above, the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"께서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" replaces the subject markers \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:p]\u002F가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" when the subject of the verb or adjective requires extra respect. When you want to add the extra nuance \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\u002F는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" gives the subject, you can use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"께서는[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Note that this is only used for the subject of the sentence, and only when the subject is a person. There is no need to use the polite version when saying \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"지금\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">은\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사실\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">은\u003C\u002Fstrong>\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" because those words don't require respect.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할아버지[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">께서[$:p]는[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 역사[$:nng]에[$:p] 관심[$:nng]이[$:p] 많으셨어요[많다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Grandfather is very interested in history.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl257-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저희[$:np] 할머니[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">께서[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 어제[$:maj] 병원[$:nng]에[$:p] 다녀오셨어요[다녀오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Grandma went to the hospital yesterday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl257-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Finally, when the person giving or receiving an action requires extra respect, you use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"께[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to replace both \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한테[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한테서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"직접[$:maj] 만든[$:b] 쿠키[$:nng]를[$:p] 선생[$:nng]님[$:sn]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">께[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 드렸어요[드리다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I gave cookies I made myself to the teacher.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl257-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어머니[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">께[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 선물[$:nng]을[$:p] 보내고[보내다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to send a present to my mom.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl257-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"남편[$:nng]분[$:sn]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">께[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이야기[$:nng] 많이[$:maj] 들었습니다[들다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I've heard a lot about you from your husband.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl257-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"We know it's confusing that \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이\u002F가\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" = \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"께서\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한테서\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" = \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"께\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but just being aware that they don't match the way you think they would goes a long way towards remembering which is which.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Person who deserves respect + 께서\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할아버지[$:nng]께서[$:p]\u003Cbr>\\n사장[$:nng]님[$:sn]께서[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Person who deserves respect + 께서는\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"대통령[$:nng]께서[$:p]는[$:p]\u003Cbr>\\n할머니[$:nng]께서[$:p]는[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Person who deserves respect + 께\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"선생[$:nng]님[$:sn]께[$:p]\u003Cbr>\\n아버지[$:nng]께[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6913,6910,7567,9966,7780],{"id":7556,"title":7557,"mod":7558,"grammarPoint":7559,"grammarPointTitle":7557,"grammarPointDescription":7560,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7561,"similarGrammarPoints":7562,"tags":9967,"content":7564,"dependentGrammarPoints":7565,"language":6036},[6041,6082],[6913,6910,7567,9966],{"id":9970,"title":9971,"mod":9972,"grammarPoint":9973,"grammarPointTitle":9971,"grammarPointDescription":9974,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9975,"similarGrammarPoints":9976,"tags":9979,"content":9980,"dependentGrammarPoints":9981,"language":6036,"similarPoints":9982,"prereqPoints":10005},20579258190120,"Honorific verbs",1758815369716,"honorific-verbs","When speaking formally and\u002For very politely, some words are replaced by polite versions.",[7094,7749,7767],[9955,9977,9978],20809235006172,20669312300076,[6037,7757,6031,6330],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Honorific verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When speaking formally and\u002For very politely, some words are replaced by polite versions.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"First we will look at honorific verbs. Honorific verbs elevate the subject. In other words, the person doing the action is someone you need to speak politely about.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Regular verb\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Honorific version\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"계시다[계시다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to stay\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"먹다[먹다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"드시다[드시다다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to eat\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"마시다[마시다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"드시다[들다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to drink\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"자다[자다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"주무시다[주무시다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to sleep\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"죽다[죽다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"돌아가시다[돌아가시다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to die\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저녁[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">잡수셨어요[잡수다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Did you eat dinner?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl258-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"안녕히[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">주무셨어요[$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Did you sleep well?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl258-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"All honorific verb stems end in 시, and in the present tense -요 form, they typically conjugate to -세요.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"맛있게[맛있다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">드세요[드시다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Have a good meal.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl258-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"계시다[계시다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"not\"\n }), \" used in place of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" when \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is being used as an adjective, like when saying someone or something exists, or when someone has something.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"-고 계시다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When speaking in this register, -고 있다 becomes -고 계시다.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"손님[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">기다리고[기다리다:v::$:] 계셔서[$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 잠시[$:maj] 다녀올게요[다녀오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A customer is waiting, so I'll be right back.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl258-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"신[$:nng]은[$:p] 늘[$:maj] 우리[$:np]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보고[보다:v::$:] 계셔[$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"God is always watching us.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl258-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"goodbye\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Saying goodbye in Korean depends on whether the other person is staying or leaving. When you are leaving and the other person is staying, you can say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"stay in peace.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"안녕히[$:maj] 계세[$:nng]요[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Stay in peace (goodbye).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl258-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When the other person is leaving, you can say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"go in peace.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"안녕히[$:maj] 가세[$:nng]요[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Go in peace (goodbye).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl258-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Another common way to say goodbye to a person who is leaving is to tell them to go carefully (essentially to have a safe journey).\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"조심히[$:maj] 가세[$:nng]요[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Go carefully (goodbye).\",\n audio: 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Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"While it is far for more common to see honorific words conjugating to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-세[$:nnb]요[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in the present tense \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-요\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" form, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-셔요\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also possible. It is even more soft and humble than \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-세요\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and some people even think it sounds cute.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"안녕히[$:maj] 주무셔요[$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Sleep well.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl258-11.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9983,9985,9995],{"id":9955,"title":9956,"mod":9957,"grammarPoint":9958,"grammarPointTitle":9956,"grammarPointDescription":9959,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9960,"similarGrammarPoints":9961,"tags":9984,"content":9963,"dependentGrammarPoints":9964,"language":6036},[6041,7761,6082],{"id":9977,"title":9986,"mod":9987,"grammarPoint":9988,"grammarPointTitle":9986,"grammarPointDescription":9989,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9990,"similarGrammarPoints":9991,"tags":9992,"content":9993,"dependentGrammarPoints":9994,"language":6036},"Humble verbs",1758815693304,"humble-verbs","In a way, though they work similarly to honorific verbs, humble verbs are actually the opposite. Since the recipient of the verb requires respect, these words lower yourself.",[9970],[9970,9978],[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) 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\"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"뵙다[뵙다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is related to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"보다[보다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to see\"\n }), \", but only in the sense of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"going to see grandma.\"\n }), \" Even though many textbooks list it as the humble form of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"보다[보다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it is more accurate to equate it to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"만나다[만나다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", since the definition is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to meet with a person who is elder or above your status.\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":9978,"title":9996,"mod":9997,"grammarPoint":9998,"grammarPointTitle":9996,"grammarPointDescription":9999,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10000,"similarGrammarPoints":10001,"tags":10002,"content":10003,"dependentGrammarPoints":10004,"language":6036},"Honorific and humble nouns",1758633991818,"honorific-nouns","Honorific words are not 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{\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이름[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"성함[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"name\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"말씀[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"speech\u002Fwords\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할머니[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">연세[$:nnp]\u003C\u002Fstrong>도[$:p] 많으시고[많다:a::$:] 몸[$:nng]이[$:p] 편찮으셔서[편찮다:a::$:] 걱정[$:nng] 돼요[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm worried about Grandma because she's old and unwell.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl260-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"장모님[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">생신[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이[$:p] 언제[$:np]였지[이다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When is your mom's birthday again?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl260-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"부모[$:nng]님[$:sn] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">말씀[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>을[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 들어야[들다:v::$:] 돼[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You have to listen to your parents.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl260-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When asking someone their personal details like name, age, address, etc in a very polite way, you say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어떻게[$:maj] 되세요[되다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"? instead of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"뭐[$:np]예요[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"?\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할아버지[$:nng] 성함[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어떻게[$:maj] 되세요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What is your grandfather's name?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl260-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"실례[$:nng]지만[이다:v::$:] 연세[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">어떻게[$:maj] 되세요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Excuse me, but how old are you?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl260-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"말씀[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used both honorifically \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"and\"\n }), \" humbly. That is, you can use it to describe someone else's speech \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"or\"\n }), \" your own in a polite manner.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할아버지[$:nng], 드릴[드리다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">말씀[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Grandfather, I have something to tell you.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl260-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When talking about someone who is higher status than you, but lower status than the person you are talking to, you can't use honorifics.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할아버지[$:nng], 아버지[$:nng]가[$:p] 왔어요[오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Grandfather, father came.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할아버지[$:nng], 아버지[$:nng]께서[$:p] 오셨어요[오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Grandfather, father came.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7150,7780,7818],{"id":9977,"title":9986,"mod":9987,"grammarPoint":9988,"grammarPointTitle":9986,"grammarPointDescription":9989,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9990,"similarGrammarPoints":9991,"tags":10007,"content":9993,"dependentGrammarPoints":9994,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10008,"prereqPoints":10011},[6037],[10009,9995],{"id":9970,"title":9971,"mod":9972,"grammarPoint":9973,"grammarPointTitle":9971,"grammarPointDescription":9974,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9975,"similarGrammarPoints":9976,"tags":10010,"content":9980,"dependentGrammarPoints":9981,"language":6036},[6041,7761,6035,6334],[10009],{"id":9978,"title":9996,"mod":9997,"grammarPoint":9998,"grammarPointTitle":9996,"grammarPointDescription":9999,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10000,"similarGrammarPoints":10001,"tags":10013,"content":10003,"dependentGrammarPoints":10004,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10014,"prereqPoints":10015},[6037,7757,6031],[9983,10009,9985],[7780],{"id":6328,"title":6353,"mod":6354,"grammarPoint":6355,"grammarPointTitle":6356,"grammarPointDescription":6357,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":6358,"similarGrammarPoints":6359,"tags":10017,"content":6361,"dependentGrammarPoints":6362,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10018,"prereqPoints":10019},[6037,6330,6031],[],[],{"id":10021,"title":10022,"mod":10023,"grammarPoint":10024,"grammarPointTitle":10022,"grammarPointDescription":10025,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10026,"similarGrammarPoints":10027,"tags":10028,"content":10029,"dependentGrammarPoints":10030,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10031,"prereqPoints":10032},20579401402188,"아직 and 여전히 - Still, yet",1762520361636,"still-yet","This lesson covers the nuance of the words 아직 and 여전히.",[6274,8192],[],[6037,6475,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"아직 and 여전히 - Still, yet\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The adverbs \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아직[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"여전히[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" both translate to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"still\"\n }), \" in English, but \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아직[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the more neutral word.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"밤[$:nng] 12시[$:nnb]인데[이다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아직[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 숙제[$:nng]를[$:p] 다[$:maj] 못[$:maj] 끝냈어요[끝내다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's midnight and I'm still not done with my homework.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl262-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When it is used with the past tense, it can also be translated as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"yet.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"2년[$:nnb] 동안[$:nng] 공사했는데[공사하다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아직[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 안[$:maj] 끝났어요[끝나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's been under construction for two years, but it's still not finished.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl262-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아직[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used as a response to a question (\", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Have you done it?\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Not yet.\"\n }), \") you just say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아직\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아직[$:maj]요[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you don't say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"not.\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Adding the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"도[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아직[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" emphasizes it, indicating dissatisfaction.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"인터넷[$:nng] 기사[$:nng]님[$:sn]이[$:p] 왔다[오다:v::$:] 가셨는데[가시다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아직[$:maj]도[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 인터넷[$:nng]이[$:p] 느려요[느리다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The internet engineer came and went, but the internet is still slow.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl262-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Adding the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"은[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아직[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" contrasts the present with the near future, where there will be a change. It is used to say that while something is still the case, very soon it won't be.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"너무[$:maj] 어려서[어리다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아직[$:maj]은[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 매운[맵다:a::$:] 걸[$:nnb] 먹으면[먹다:v::$:] 안[$:maj] 돼요[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He's young so he mustn't eat spicy foods just yet.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl262-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The adverb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"여전히[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" also translates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"still,\"\n }), \" but has the added nuance of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"as ever.\"\n }), \" That is, it suggests that the previous state has continued to the present.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 사건[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">여전히[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 밝혀진[밝혀지다:v::$:] 게[$:nnb] 아무것[$:nng]도[$:p] 없다[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There still isn't anything that has come to light about that case.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl262-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"몇[$:mm] 번[$:nnb] 식사[$:nng]를[$:p] 같이[$:maj] 했지만[하다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">여전히[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 어색해요[어색하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We've had a meal together several times, but it's still as awkward as ever.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl262-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[6910,8229],{"id":10034,"title":10035,"mod":10036,"grammarPoint":10037,"grammarPointTitle":10035,"grammarPointDescription":10038,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10039,"similarGrammarPoints":10040,"tags":10043,"content":10044,"dependentGrammarPoints":10045,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10046,"prereqPoints":10067},20581149923904,"더, 덜, 제일 and 가장 - More, less, most",1758816709641,"more-less-most","This lesson teaches how to make comparisons like \"big, bigger, biggest.\"",[],[10041,10042],20581150000284,20761487137704,[6037,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"더, 덜, 제일 and 가장 - More, less, most\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Big, bigger, biggest. Good, better, best. When we want to compare things with adjectives in English, we change the adjective itself. In Korean, you would say big, more big, most big. This means we just need to learn a few words to be able to compare things in Korean.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"more\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"더[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means more, and you just put it before the adjective to give the meaning of -er in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 옷[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">더[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 밝은[밝다:a::$:] 색깔[$:nng] 있어요[있다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Do you have these clothes in a brighter color?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl263-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"상황[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">더[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 복잡해졌어요[복잡하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The situation became more complicated.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl263-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"less\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To say something is less or worse than something else, you use the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"덜[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">덜[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 복잡한[복잡하다:a::$:] 방법[$:nng]은[$:p] 없을까요[없다:a::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Isn't there a less complicated method?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl263-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"덜[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also used when something is incomplete or unfinished.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"복숭아[$:nng]가[$:p] 아직[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">덜[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 익은[익다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb] 같아요[같다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The peach isn't completely ripe yet.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl263-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"most\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To say something is the most, there are two words to pick from - \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가장[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"제일[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Since \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"제일[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" comes from hanja, it is ever so slightly more formal, but both can be used interchangeably. They can be used before an adjective to say things like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"It is the best\"\n }), \" or before an adverb to say things like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I did it the best.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가장[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 좋아하는[좋아하다:v::$:] 영화[$:nng] 장르[$:nng]는[$:p] 뭐[$:np]예요[이다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What is your favorite movie genre?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl263-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"박[$:nnp] 과장[$:nng]님[$:sn]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">제일[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 먼저[$:maj] 출근하세요[출근하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Manager Park is the first to arrive at work.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl263-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가장[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 친한[친하다:a::$:] 친구[$:nng]들[$:sn]에게[$:p] 배신[$:nng] 당한[당하다:v::$:] 여자[$:nng]에[$:p] 대한[대하다:v::$:] 이야기[$:nng]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's a story about a woman who was betrayed by her closest friend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl263-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"더 and 덜 can also be used with verbs, where they just mean you do something more or less.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"소금[$:nng] 조금[$:maj] 더[$:maj] 넣을까[넣다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Shall I put in more salt?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl263-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10047,10057],{"id":10041,"title":10048,"mod":10049,"grammarPoint":10050,"grammarPointTitle":10048,"grammarPointDescription":10051,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10052,"similarGrammarPoints":10053,"tags":10054,"content":10055,"dependentGrammarPoints":10056,"language":6036},"보다 - Than",1758637928781,"boda-than","This lesson will teach you how to say something is more or less *than* something else.",[10034],[10034],[6041,6082],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"보다 - Than\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This lesson will teach you how to say something is more or less \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"than\"\n }), \" something else.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"보다[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"than\"\n }), \" attaches to a noun to compare it to another noun. The word order can be a little confusing to English speakers. \\\"Dogs are bigger than frogs\\\" would be expressed as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"dogs, compared to frogs, are bigger.\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"개[$:nnb]는[$:p] 개구리[$:nng]보다[$:p] 더[$:maj] 커요[크다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (dogs, frogs than, are more big). Since Korean word order is flexible, it could also be expressed \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"개구리[$:nng]보다[$:p] 개[$:nnb]는[$:p] 더[$:maj] 커요[크다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" (frogs than, dogs more big).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is not necessary to include \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"더[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"덜[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". You can just say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"dogs, compared to frogs, are big\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(개[$:nnb]는[$:p] 개구리[$:nng]보다[$:p] 커요[크다:a::$:])\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with no real change in meaning.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"한국[$:nnp] 쌀[$:nng]은[$:p] 일본[$:nnp] 쌀[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보다[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 더[$:maj] 싸요[싸다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Korean ride is cheaper than Japanese rice.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl264-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"자연[$:nng]을[$:p] 좋아하지만[좋아하다:v::$:] 시골[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보다[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 도시[$:nng]가[$:p] 더[$:maj] 좋아요[좋다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I like nature, but I like the city more than the countryside.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl264-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"보다[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" does not have to compare two nouns, it is also used to just say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"than.\"\n }), \" For instance, a very common phrase is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"생각보다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"than I thought.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오토바이[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">생각[$:nng]보다[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 느리네[느리다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The motorbike is slower than I thought.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl264-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"훨씬\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"훨씬[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"far more, much more\"\n }), \" and is often used in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"보다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" sentences.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"로봇[$:nng] 청소기[$:nng]가[$:p] 생각한[생각하다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb]보다[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">훨씬[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 성능[$:nng]이[$:p] 좋네요[좋다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The robot vacuum performs much better than I thought.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl264-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"개구리[$:nng]보다[$:p]\u003Cbr>\\n생각[$:nng]보다[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":10042,"title":10058,"mod":10059,"grammarPoint":10060,"grammarPointTitle":10058,"grammarPointDescription":10061,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10062,"similarGrammarPoints":10063,"tags":10064,"content":10065,"dependentGrammarPoints":10066,"language":6036},"중에(서) - Among",1758638736629,"joongeh-among","The bound noun 중 comes from Chinese (中) and means \"middle.\" It can also translate to \"between,\" \"among,\" or \"of all.\"",[7423],[7103],[6041,7143],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"중에(서) - Among\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The bound noun \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"중[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" comes from Chinese (中) and means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"middle\"\n }), \". It can also translate to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"between,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"among,\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"of all.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To use it, you put it after a category or list, followed by the thing you are talking about specifically. It is used with the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but is often shortened to just \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"중[$:nnb]에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지금[$:nng]까지[$:p] 본[보다:v::$:] 영화[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">중[$:nnb]에서[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 제일[$:maj] 무서운[무섭다:a::$:] 것[$:nnb] 같아요[같다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think it's the scariest of all the movies I've seen so far.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl265-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"우리[$:np]학교[$:nng] 학생[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">중[$:nnb]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이름[$:nng]이[$:p] \\\"파인애플[$:nng]\\\"인[$:nng] 학생[$:nng]이[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Among the students at our school, there is a student named Pineapple.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl265-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"방콕[$:nnp]이랑[$:p] 발리[$:nnp] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">중[$:nnb]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 어디[$:np]를[$:p] 더[$:maj] 가고[가다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Between Bangkok and Bali, where do you want to go more?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl265-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"Noun\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"중[$:nnb] 하나[$:nr]다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses the idea \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it's one of \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">X\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 도시[$:nng]는[$:p] 세계[$:nng]에서[$:p] 가장[$:maj] 살기[살다:v::$:] 좋은[좋다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">도시[$:nng] 중[$:nnb] 하나[$:nr]\u003C\u002Fstrong>예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This city is one of the best places to live in the world.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl265-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"1에서[$:nng] 10까지[까다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">숫자[$:nng] 중[$:nnb]에[$:p] 하나[$:nr]\u003C\u002Fstrong>를[$:p] 생각해[생각하다:v::$:] 주세요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Think of a number from one to ten.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl265-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun + 중에(서)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng]들[$:sn] 중[$:nnb]에서[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":10041,"title":10048,"mod":10049,"grammarPoint":10050,"grammarPointTitle":10048,"grammarPointDescription":10051,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10052,"similarGrammarPoints":10053,"tags":10069,"content":10055,"dependentGrammarPoints":10056,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10070,"prereqPoints":10073},[6037,6079],[10071],{"id":10034,"title":10035,"mod":10036,"grammarPoint":10037,"grammarPointTitle":10035,"grammarPointDescription":10038,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10039,"similarGrammarPoints":10040,"tags":10072,"content":10044,"dependentGrammarPoints":10045,"language":6036},[6041,6035],[10071],{"id":10042,"title":10058,"mod":10059,"grammarPoint":10060,"grammarPointTitle":10058,"grammarPointDescription":10061,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10062,"similarGrammarPoints":10063,"tags":10075,"content":10065,"dependentGrammarPoints":10066,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10076,"prereqPoints":10077},[6037,8035],[7132],[7450],{"id":7103,"title":7133,"mod":7134,"grammarPoint":7135,"grammarPointTitle":7133,"grammarPointDescription":7136,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7137,"similarGrammarPoints":7139,"tags":10079,"content":7144,"dependentGrammarPoints":7145,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10080,"prereqPoints":10101},[6037,8035],[7150,10081,10091],{"id":7140,"title":10082,"mod":10083,"grammarPoint":10084,"grammarPointTitle":10082,"grammarPointDescription":10085,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10086,"similarGrammarPoints":10087,"tags":10088,"content":10089,"dependentGrammarPoints":10090,"language":6036},"-(으)면서 - While",1758640398814,"myeonseo-while","The grammar -(으)면서 indicates that the verbs before and after it happen at the same time. It corresponds to \"while\" in English.",[],[7103,7141,8896,7648],[6041,6082],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)면서 - While\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The grammar -(으)면서 indicates that the verbs before and after it happen at the same time. It corresponds to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"while\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:mm] 동생[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">샤워하면서[샤워하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 노래[$:nng]를[$:p] 불러요[부르다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My dongseng sings while showering.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl267-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"공부하면서[공부하다:v::$:] 노래[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">들으면[들다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 집중[$:nng]이[$:p] 더[$:maj] 잘[$:maj] 돼요[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't concentrate as well when I listen to music while studying.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl267-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"면서 can also be used to express that a situation is contradictory.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"공부[$:nng]는[$:p] 안[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하면서[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 성적[$:nng]은[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 받고[받다:v::$:] 싶어[$:b]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You want to get grades when you don't even study?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl267-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"낚시[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">단순하면서[단순하다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 재밌잖아요[재미있다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"While fishing is simple, it's fun.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl267-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you see above, generally the subject of the sentence needs to be be the same for both clauses. You can't use -면서 to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I drink beer while my wife works.\"\n }), \" However, there is an exception to this: when one thing happens as a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"result or in connection with\"\n }), \" another event, the subject may change.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"태풍[$:nng]이[$:p] 남쪽[$:nng]으로[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">내려오면서[내려오다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 많은[많다:a::$:] 비[$:nng]가[$:p] 예상[$:nng]됩니다[$:sv].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A lot of rain is expected as the typhoon comes down south.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl267-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-면서 cannot follow tense markers, tense must be expressed in the sentence ending.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem +(으)면서\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하면서[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n먹으면서[먹다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":7141,"title":10092,"mod":10093,"grammarPoint":10094,"grammarPointTitle":10092,"grammarPointDescription":10095,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10096,"similarGrammarPoints":10097,"tags":10098,"content":10099,"dependentGrammarPoints":10100,"language":6036},"-는 동안 - During",1758640819657,"neun-dongan-during","-는 동안 indicates that something happens during a specific time or while an action is being performed.",[7138],[7103,7140],[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-는 동안 - During\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"동안[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"during\"\n }), \" and can follow a noun. It can also be used with verbs in their noun modifier form to indicate that something happens during a specific time or while an action occurs.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Korean\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"3\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"일[$:nng] 동안[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"for three days\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"6\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"개월[$:nnb] 동안[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"for six months\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"여름[$:nng] 동안[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"during summer\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"자는[자다:v::$:] 동안[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"while sleeping\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"걷는[걷다:v::$:] 동안[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"while walking\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아버지[$:nng]는[$:p] 은퇴[$:nng] 후[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">1년[$:nnb] 동안[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 여행[$:nng]만[$:p] 다니셨어요[다니다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Father only traveled for a year after he retired.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl268-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이틀[$:nng] 동안[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 잠[$:nng]을[$:p] 거[$:nnb]의[$:p] 못[$:maj] 잤거든요[자다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I couldn't sleep for two days.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl268-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지하철[$:nng]에서[$:p] 서서[서다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가는[$:b] 동안[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 스마트폰[$:nng]을[$:p] 봐요[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I look at my smartphone while standing on the subway.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl268-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Unlike -면서 which requires both actions to be performed by the same subject, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"동안[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is more flexible and can use two different subjects.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"엄마[$:nng]랑[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쇼핑하는[쇼핑하다:v::$:] 동안[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 아빠[$:nng]는[$:p] 차[$:nng]에서[$:p] 기다렸어요[기다리다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"While I shopped with mom, dad waited in the car.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl268-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그동안[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"meanwhile\"\n }), \" and refers to a previously mentioned time period \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"or\"\n }), \" the time since you have seen someone.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그동안[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 뭐[$:np] 하고[하다:v::$:] 있었어요[$:b]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What have you been doing all this time?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl268-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 동안\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"일주일[$:nng] 동안[$:nng]\u003Cbr>\\n겨울[$:nng] 동안[$:nng]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb stem + -는 동안\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하는[하다:v::$:] 동안[$:nng]\u003Cbr>\\n볶는[볶다:v::$:] 동안[$:nng]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[6110,7895],{"id":7140,"title":10082,"mod":10083,"grammarPoint":10084,"grammarPointTitle":10082,"grammarPointDescription":10085,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10086,"similarGrammarPoints":10087,"tags":10103,"content":10089,"dependentGrammarPoints":10090,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10104,"prereqPoints":10115},[6037,6079],[7132,10091,8922,10105],{"id":7648,"title":10106,"mod":10107,"grammarPoint":10108,"grammarPointTitle":10106,"grammarPointDescription":10109,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10110,"similarGrammarPoints":10111,"tags":10112,"content":10113,"dependentGrammarPoints":10114,"language":6036},"-다(가) - Interrupting an action",1759413013680,"daga-interrupt-action","-다가 is used to say that something happened while you were doing something else.",[7103,7140],[7103,7140,7622],[6041,7596],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-다(가) - Interrupting an action\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-다(가) is added to a verb stem to indicate that action \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" was \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"interrupted\"\n }), \" by action \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \". \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"가\"\n }), \" is optional. (가 here is not the subject marker though, nor is -다 related to plain form). Mix and match these to say what happened when you while doing something else:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"Action A:\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Write a novel\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Cross a bridge\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Drive\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"Action B:\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Die\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"See a bear\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Have an accident\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 작가[$:nng]는[$:p] 소설[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쓰다가[쓰다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 죽었어요[죽다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That author died while writing a novel.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl324-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"다리[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">건너다가[건너다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 곰[$:nng]을[$:p] 봤어요[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was crossing a bridge when I saw a bear.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl324-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"눈[$:nng] 오는[오다:v::$:] 날[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">운전하다가[운전하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 사고[$:nng]가[$:p] 났어요[나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was in an accident while I was driving on a day it was snowing.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl324-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"While doing action \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \", \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" happens. As you can see in the examples above, action \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" can completely stop (you can't keep writing a novel if you're dead) or it can continue (you can keep walking across the bridge...if you're brave enough) while doing action \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \". The important thing is that you did not complete \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \" when \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" happened.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"How is this different from -면서?\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Both grammar points can be translated to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"while\"\n }), \" in English, which might be confusing. When you use -\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"면서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" you are saying two actions happen \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"at the same time.\"\n }), \" With -다가, you are indicating that one action started \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"first\"\n }), \" and then something else happened.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This following sentence with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"면서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" doesn't work because having an idea happened in a moment, after I started smoking:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"담배[$:nng] 피우면서[피우다:v::$:] 생각[$:nng] 났어요[나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I had an idea while smoking.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"However, these two are correct:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"담배[$:nng] 피우다가[피우다:v::$:] 생각[$:nng] 났어요[나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I had an idea while smoking.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"담배[$:nng] 피우면서[피우다:v::$:] 생각했어요[생각하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I thought while smoking.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"How is this different from -는 중에?\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-는 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"중[$:nnb]에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is very similar to -다가, but -\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"중[$:nnb]에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" emphasizes more strongly that \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"B\"\n }), \" happened \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"in the middle of\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"A\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It sounds a bit strange to say:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"운전하는[운전하다:v::$:] 중[$:nnb]에[$:p] 곰[$:nng]을[$:p] 봤어요[보다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I saw a bear while I was in the middle of driving.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"But it sounds okay to say:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"운전하다가[운전하다:v::$:] 곰[$:nng]을[$:p] 봤어요[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I saw a bear while I was driving.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The subject of A and B must be the same. You cannot say:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"눈[$:nng] 오는[오다:v::$:] 날[$:nng] 운전하다[운전하다:v::$:] 누군가[$:np]가[$:p] 사고[$:nng]를[$:p] 당했어요[당하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Someone had an accident while I was driving on a day it was snowing.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + 다(가)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하다가[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n건너다[건너다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":7141,"title":10092,"mod":10093,"grammarPoint":10094,"grammarPointTitle":10092,"grammarPointDescription":10095,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10096,"similarGrammarPoints":10097,"tags":10117,"content":10099,"dependentGrammarPoints":10100,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10118,"prereqPoints":10119},[6037],[7132,10081],[7895],{"id":10121,"title":10122,"mod":10123,"grammarPoint":10124,"grammarPointTitle":10122,"grammarPointDescription":10125,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10126,"similarGrammarPoints":10127,"tags":10129,"content":10130,"dependentGrammarPoints":10131,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10132,"prereqPoints":10144},20580125167620,"-(으)러 가다\u002F오다 - To go\u002Fcome to",1758641131295,"go-in-order-to","-(으)러 is added to a verb followed by a verb of movement (for example 오다 or 가다) to say that you came or went in order to do that verb.",[],[10128],20580125254764,[6037],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)러 가다\u002F오다 - To go\u002Fcome to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-(으)러 is added to a verb followed by a verb of movement (for example \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오다[오다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"가다[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \") to say that you came or went in order to do that verb. For instance, \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I came here to eat\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I went to buy shoes.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can't use -러 with verbs that don't involve directional movement (for instance, you can't use -러 to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I exercise to get healthy\"\n }), \"). You can put the location at the beginning of the sentence or put it between -러 and the movement verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"혼자[$:nng] 노래[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">부르러[부르다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 노래방[$:nng]에[$:p] 갔어요[가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went to a noraebang to sing by myself.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl269-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng]가[$:p] 집[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">놀러[놀다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 왔어요[오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My friend came to my house to hang out.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl269-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"주말[$:nng]에[$:p] 할머니[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만나러[만나다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 갈[가다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm going to meet up with Grandma on the weekend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl269-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"강아지[$:nng]가[$:p] 아파서[아프다:a::$:] 병원[$:nng]에[$:p] 진료[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">받으러[받다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 갔다[가다:v::$:] 왔어요[오다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My dog is sick so I took her to the vet to receive treatment.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl269-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + (으)러 오다\u002F가다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하러[하다:a::$:] 왔어요[오다:v::$:].\u003Cbr>\\n밥[$:nng] 먹으러[먹다:v::$:] 갈[가다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10133],{"id":10128,"title":10134,"mod":10135,"grammarPoint":10136,"grammarPointTitle":10134,"grammarPointDescription":10137,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10138,"similarGrammarPoints":10139,"tags":10141,"content":10142,"dependentGrammarPoints":10143,"language":6036},"-(으)려고 - In order to",1758641405343,"in-order-to","-(으)려고 expresses that something is done for that purpose.",[10121],[10121,8917,10140],20814378520932,[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)려고 - In order to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"While -러 can only be used with verbs of movement, -려고 can be followed by any verb. The verb that is attached to -려고 is the goal and the clause that follows it expresses what the speaker will do in order to accomplish that goal.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Goal\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Plan to Achieve Goal\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Lose weight\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Exercise\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"살[$:nnb]을[$:p] 빼려고[빼다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"운동하다[운동하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meet friends\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Join a club\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"친구[$:nng]를[$:p] 만나려고[만나다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"동아리[$:nng]에[$:p] 가입하다[가입하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이사[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가려고[가다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 요즘[$:nng] 집[$:nng]을[$:p] 보고[보다:v::$:] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"These days I'm looking at apartments so I can move.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl270-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"유튜브[$:nnp]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">시작하려고[시작하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 카메라[$:nng]를[$:p] 샀어요[사다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I bought a camera so I can start a youtube channel.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl270-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"일본어[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">공부하려고[공부하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 새[$:mm] 책[$:nng]을[$:p] 샀어요[사다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I bought a new book so I can study Japanese.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl270-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아침[$:nng]에[$:p] 일찍[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">일어나려고[일어나다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 알람[$:nng]을[$:p] 맞췄는데[맞추다:v::$:] 알람[$:nng]을[$:p] 끄고[끄다:v::$:] 다시[$:maj] 잤어요[자다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I turned on my alarm so I could get up early, but I turned it off and went back to sleep.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl270-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It is possible to use -(으)려고 with movement verbs as well, but it adds more emphasis to the purpose than -(으)러 does.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + (으)려고 + verb\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하려고[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n먹으려고[먹다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":10128,"title":10134,"mod":10135,"grammarPoint":10136,"grammarPointTitle":10134,"grammarPointDescription":10137,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10138,"similarGrammarPoints":10139,"tags":10146,"content":10142,"dependentGrammarPoints":10143,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10147,"prereqPoints":10172},[6037],[10148,10150,10160],{"id":10121,"title":10122,"mod":10123,"grammarPoint":10124,"grammarPointTitle":10122,"grammarPointDescription":10125,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10126,"similarGrammarPoints":10127,"tags":10149,"content":10130,"dependentGrammarPoints":10131,"language":6036},[6041],{"id":8917,"title":10151,"mod":10152,"grammarPoint":10153,"grammarPointTitle":10151,"grammarPointDescription":10154,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10155,"similarGrammarPoints":10156,"tags":10157,"content":10158,"dependentGrammarPoints":10159,"language":6036},"-(으)려고 하다 - To intend to",1758641769987,"make-sure-to","This lesson explains how to express your intentions, or say you will \"make sure to do\" something.",[10128],[10128],[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)려고 하다 - To intend to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-(으)려고 is commonly followed by the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to simply state the intention of doing the verb attached to -(으)려고. It is like saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I will make sure I \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">X\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I intend to \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">X\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"주말[$:nng]에[$:p] 방[$:nng] 청소[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하려고[하다:v::$:] 해요[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm going to clean my room on the weekend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl271-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내년[$:nng]에[$:p]는[$:p] 해외[$:nng] 여행[$:nng]을[$:p] 많이[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하려고[하다:v::$:] 해요[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm going to travel abroad a lot next year.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl271-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It is also possible to end a sentence with -려고(요) with no change in meaning.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 의원[$:nng]이[$:p] 또[$:maj] 선거[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">나가려고요[나가다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That assembly member is planning to run again.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl271-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"stems ending in ㄹ\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When adding a grammar form starting with ㄹ, like -러 or -려, to a stem ending in ㄹ, you don't include the 으 that you add after other consonants.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"만들다 → 만들 + 려고 → 만들려고\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"새[$:mm] 앱[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만들려고[만들다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 하는데[하다:v::$:] 아이디어[$:nng]가[$:p] 없네요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to make a new app, but I don't have any ideas.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl271-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + (으)려고 하다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"배우려고[배우다:v::$:] 해[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + (으)려고(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여행하려고요[여행하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":10140,"title":10161,"mod":10162,"grammarPoint":10163,"grammarPointTitle":10161,"grammarPointDescription":10164,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10165,"similarGrammarPoints":10167,"tags":10169,"content":10170,"dependentGrammarPoints":10171,"language":6036},"-게 하다\u002F만들다 - To make, to let",1759330419513,"to-make-let","-게 하다 can be added to any verb odjective to make a causative construction.",[7774,8126,10166],20814378439980,[8126,10168],20814378501816,[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-게 하다\u002F만들다 - To make, to let\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One way to create a causative expression is to use the grammar form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-게[$:nnb] 하다[하다:v::$:]. -게[$:nnb] 하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be added to any verb or adjective. This form equates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to make\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"or\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to let\"\n }), \" in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"동생[$:nng]이[$:p] 자꾸[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">귀찮게[귀찮다:a::$:] 해요[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My younger sibling keeps bothering me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl317-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아빠[$:nng]가[$:p] 담배[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">끊게[끊다:v::$:] 하고[하다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to make my dad quit smoking.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl317-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is also possible to use the verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"만들다[만들다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in place of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with no change in meaning. It's perhaps surprising that the same word can be used for making a cake and making someone do something, just like in English, but sometimes we get lucky like that.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"광고[$:nng]가[$:p] 자꾸[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">사고[$:nng] 싶게[$:b] 만들어[만들다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Ads keep making me want to buy stuff.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl317-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 회사[$:nng]는[$:p] 가짜[$:nng] 뉴스[$:nng]로[$:p] 사람[$:nng]들[$:sn]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">헷갈리게[헷갈리다:v::$:] 만들었어요[만들다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That company confused people with fake news.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl317-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There is a difference between the causative forms using the syllables 이, 히, 리, 기, 우, and 추 and this form. Verbs like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"먹이다[먹이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to feed\"\n }), \" are actions performed by the subject of the sentence. For instance, in the sentence \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"엄마[$:nng]가[$:p] 딸[$:nng]한테[$:p] 예쁜[예쁘다:a::$:] 옷[$:nng]을[$:p] 입혔어요[입히다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the mother put clothes on the child herself. In the sentence \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"엄마[$:nng]가[$:p] 딸[$:nng]한테[$:p] 예쁜[예쁘다:a::$:] 옷[$:nng]을[$:p] 입게[입다:v::$:] 했어요[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the mother \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"told\"\n }), \" her daughter to wear it, and the daughter put her own clothes on by herself.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"We said earlier that causatives are used to mean both \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to make\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to let\"\n }), \" someone do something, but it is possible to make the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"let\"\n }), \" more clear by adding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"주다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-게 하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It can be used both as a request or as a statement.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"너무[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">맵지[맵다:a::$:] 않게[$:b] 해[하다:v::$:]주세요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please don't make it spicy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl317-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 분[$:nnb] 좀[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만나게[만나다:v::$:] 해[하다:v::$:]주세요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please let me meet him.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl317-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + 게 하다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하게[하다:v::$:] 했어요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + 게 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children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10148],{"id":8917,"title":10151,"mod":10152,"grammarPoint":10153,"grammarPointTitle":10151,"grammarPointDescription":10154,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10155,"similarGrammarPoints":10156,"tags":10174,"content":10158,"dependentGrammarPoints":10159,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10175,"prereqPoints":10176},[6037],[10133],[10133],{"id":10178,"title":10179,"mod":10180,"grammarPoint":10181,"grammarPointTitle":10179,"grammarPointDescription":10182,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10183,"similarGrammarPoints":10184,"tags":10185,"content":10186,"dependentGrammarPoints":10187,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10188,"prereqPoints":10189},20676632389716,"-(으)려고 하다 - Something is about to happen",1758641926715,"something-about-to-happen","-(으)려고 하다 can be used in certain cases where something is about to happen even though there can be no intention, like when it is about to rain.",[],[8026,8818],[6037],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)려고 하다 - Something is about to happen\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-(으)려고 하다 can also be used in certain cases where something is about to happen even though there can be no intention.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"핸드폰[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">꺼지려고[꺼지다:v::$:] 해요[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My phone is about to turn off.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl272-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"비[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쏟아지려고[쏟아지다:v::$:] 해요[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's about to start pouring.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl272-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"버스[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">출발하려고[출발하다:v::$:] 해요[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The bus is about to depart.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl272-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + (으)려고 하다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"나빠지려고[나쁘다:A::$:] 해[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8065,8857],[],{"id":10191,"title":10192,"mod":10193,"grammarPoint":10194,"grammarPointTitle":10192,"grammarPointDescription":10195,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10196,"similarGrammarPoints":10197,"tags":10198,"content":10199,"dependentGrammarPoints":10200,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10201,"prereqPoints":10202},20663039362572,"-(으)려고 했는데 - I meant to, but",1758642225300,"i-mean-to-but","This lesson teaches a useful sentence pattern that will allow you to tell people about your failed attempts to do or accomplish something.",[9641,8917],[],[6037,7592],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)려고 했는데 - I meant to, but\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"How often have you said \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I meant to, but...?\"\n }), \" This lesson will teach a useful sentence pattern that will allow you to tell people about your failed attempts to do or accomplish something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"전화번호[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">물어보려고[물어보다:v::$:] 했는데[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 못[$:maj] 물어봤어요[물어보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went to ask for her phone number, but I couldn't.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl273-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"선풍기[$:nng]를[$:p] 직접[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">고치려고[고치다:v::$:] 했는데[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 더[$:maj] 망가졌어요[망가지다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I meant to fix the fan myself, but I made it worse.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl273-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"곧[$:maj] 시험[$:nng]이라[이다:v::$:] 잠[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">줄이려고[줄이다:v::$:] 했는데[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 실패했어요[실패하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I tried to cut back on sleep because I have an exam soon, but I failed.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl273-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"점심[$:nng] 시간[$:nng]에[$:p] 은행[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가려고[가다:v::$:] 했는데[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 너무[$:maj] 바빠서[바쁘다:a::$:] 못[$:maj] 갔어요[가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was going to go to the bank at lunchtime, but I was so busy I couldn't.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl273-4a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + (으)려고 했는데\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"기다리려고[기다리다:v::$:] 했는데[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[10203,10150],{"id":9641,"title":9642,"mod":9643,"grammarPoint":9644,"grammarPointTitle":9642,"grammarPointDescription":9645,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9646,"similarGrammarPoints":9647,"tags":10204,"content":9651,"dependentGrammarPoints":9652,"language":6036},[6041,8870],{"id":8895,"title":8912,"mod":8913,"grammarPoint":8914,"grammarPointTitle":8912,"grammarPointDescription":8915,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8916,"similarGrammarPoints":8918,"tags":10206,"content":8920,"dependentGrammarPoints":8921,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10207,"prereqPoints":10208},[6037,7592],[],[8936,10150],{"id":10210,"title":10211,"mod":10212,"grammarPoint":10213,"grammarPointTitle":10211,"grammarPointDescription":10214,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10215,"similarGrammarPoints":10216,"tags":10217,"content":10218,"dependentGrammarPoints":10219,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10220,"prereqPoints":10221},20580125509692,"때문 - Because",1758734482761,"ddemun-because","This lesson teaches the bound noun meaning \"because.\"",[],[8491,8276],[6037,8035],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"때문 - Because\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There are lots of ways to say \\\"because\\\" in Korean, each with their own usage and nuance. In fact, the more advanced you become, the more you feel like all you are learning is just more ways to say \\\"because!\\\" This lesson is about the word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"때문[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which a bound noun meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"because.\"\n }), \" It's commonly combined with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"때문 needs to follow a noun, and that noun is the cause of something. For instance \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"The traffic is bad because of \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">the long weekend\u003C\u002Fstrong>\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"It's because of \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-1\\\">the rain\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지하철[$:nng] 파업[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">때문[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 지각했어요[지각하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was late because of the subway strike.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl275-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"코로나[$:nnp] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">때문[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 공연[$:nng]이[$:p] 없었어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There were no performances because of COVID.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl275-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"알레르기[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">때문[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 복숭아[$:nng]를[$:p] 못[$:maj] 먹어요[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I can't eat peaches because of an allergy.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl275-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 병[$:nng]은[$:p] 스트레스[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">때문[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이[$:p] 아니에요[아니다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This disease is not due to stress.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl275-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun + 때문에\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"연휴[$:nng] 때문[$:nnb]에[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun + 때문이다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"비[$:nng] 때문[$:nnb]이야[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9479,8502],[],{"id":10223,"title":10224,"mod":10225,"grammarPoint":10226,"grammarPointTitle":10224,"grammarPointDescription":10227,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10228,"similarGrammarPoints":10229,"tags":10230,"content":10231,"dependentGrammarPoints":10232,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10233,"prereqPoints":10234},20580125573268,"-기 때문 - Because",1758735276783,"gi-ddemun-because","You can turn a verb or adjective into a noun with -기. This allows you use 때문 to say \"because of\" a verb or adjective.",[8530,10210],[8491,8276],[6037,8035],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-기 때문 - Because\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You can turn a verb or adjective into a noun with -기. This allows you use 때문 to say \\\"because of\\\" a verb or adjective.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"일본[$:nnp]은[$:p] 지진[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">많기[많다:a::$:] 때문[$:nnb]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 건물[$:nng]을[$:p] 더[$:maj] 튼튼하게[튼튼하다:a::$:] 지어요[짓다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"They build buildings stronger in Japan because they have a lot of earthquakes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl276-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"알렉산드로스[$:nnp]가[$:p] 지은[짓다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">도시[$:nng]이기[이다:v::$:] 때문[$:nnb]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이름[$:nng]이[$:p] 알렉산드리아[$:nnp]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's called Alexandria because it is a city built by Alexander the Great.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl276-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"코로나[$:nnp] 때[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">결혼했기[결혼하다:v::$:] 때문[$:nnb]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 결혼식[$:nng]에[$:p] 많은[많다:a::$:] 사람[$:nng]들[$:sn]을[$:p] 초대[$:nng] 못[$:maj] 했어요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We couldn't invite many people to the wedding because we got married during COVID.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl276-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"similar grammar\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-기 때문에 is very similar in meaning to -아\u002F어서 and -니까, but it has a more written language, emphatic, and formal feel. 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Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Like -아\u002F어서, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"때문[$:nnb]에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" cannot be used for propositions or commands.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 식당[$:nng]은[$:p] 맛없기[맛없다:a::$:] 때문[$:nnb]에[$:p] 다른[$:mm] 곳[$:nng]에[$:p] 갑시다[가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This restaurant isn't delicious so let's go to a different place.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[9479,8502],[8589,10235],{"id":10210,"title":10211,"mod":10212,"grammarPoint":10213,"grammarPointTitle":10211,"grammarPointDescription":10214,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10215,"similarGrammarPoints":10216,"tags":10236,"content":10218,"dependentGrammarPoints":10219,"language":6036},[6041,7143],{"id":10238,"title":10239,"mod":10240,"grammarPoint":10241,"grammarPointTitle":10239,"grammarPointDescription":10242,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10243,"similarGrammarPoints":10244,"tags":10246,"content":10247,"dependentGrammarPoints":10248,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10249,"prereqPoints":10260},20580125665272,"덕분에 - Thanks to",1758735676691,"deokbun-thanks-to","덕분 is a bound noun meaning \"thanks to.\" You can use it to express that something positive happened because of something or someone.",[],[10210,10245],20580125713932,[6037,8035],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"덕분에 - Thanks to\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"덕분[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a bound noun meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"thanks to.\"\n }), \" You use it to express that something positive happened because of someone or something.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n 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Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Both \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"너[$:np]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"네 (너의)\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used before \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"덕분\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"네\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is considered more correct.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"네[$:mm] 덕분[$:nng]이야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's all thanks to you.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10235,10250],{"id":10245,"title":10251,"mod":10252,"grammarPoint":10253,"grammarPointTitle":10251,"grammarPointDescription":10254,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10255,"similarGrammarPoints":10256,"tags":10257,"content":10258,"dependentGrammarPoints":10259,"language":6036},"탓에 - The fault of",1758735878799,"tasse-the-fault-of","탓에 expresses blame for a bad outcome.",[10238],[10210,10238],[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"탓에 - The fault of\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In contrast to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"덕분[$:nng]에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which expresses thankfulness for a good outcome, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"탓[$:nng]에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" expresses blame for a bad outcome.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"더운[덥다:a::$:] 날씨[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">탓[$:nng]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 하루[$:nng]종일[$:nng] 에어컨[$:nng]을[$:p] 틀었어요[틀다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I had the air conditioning on all day because of the hot weather.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl278-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"탓[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can follow a noun like in the sentence above, or it can be used with verbs and adjectives in their noun modifier forms:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">비[$:nng]가[$:p] 온[오다:v::$:] 탓[$:nng]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 길[$:nng]이[$:p] 젖어서[젖다:v::$:] 미끄러우니까[미끄럽다:a::$:] 조심하세요[조심하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Be careful because the roads are slippery because they got wet when it rained.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl278-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The verb form 탓하다 has the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to blame.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"주식[$:nng]이[$:p] 떨어져도[떨어지다:v::$:] 내[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">탓[$:nng]하지[하다:v::$:] 마[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don't blame me even if the stock price drops.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl278-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"때문[$:nnb], 덕분[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"탓[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can all be considered variations of \\\"because.\\\" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"때문[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the most neutral and can be used for both positive and negative situations, though because it can have negative implications, it is better to use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"덕분[$:nng]에[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" if you're thankful to someone.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 탓\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"동생[$:nng] 탓[$:nng]에[$:p] 실패[$:nng]됐어요[$:sv].\u003Cbr>\\n네[$:mm] 탓[$:nng]이야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb or adj noun modifier form + 탓\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오는 탓에\u003Cbr>\\n보낸 탓에\u003Cbr>\\n먼 탓에\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":10245,"title":10251,"mod":10252,"grammarPoint":10253,"grammarPointTitle":10251,"grammarPointDescription":10254,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10255,"similarGrammarPoints":10256,"tags":10262,"content":10258,"dependentGrammarPoints":10259,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10263,"prereqPoints":10266},[6037],[10235,10264],{"id":10238,"title":10239,"mod":10240,"grammarPoint":10241,"grammarPointTitle":10239,"grammarPointDescription":10242,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10243,"similarGrammarPoints":10244,"tags":10265,"content":10247,"dependentGrammarPoints":10248,"language":6036},[6041,7143],[10264],{"id":10268,"title":10269,"mod":10270,"grammarPoint":10271,"grammarPointTitle":10269,"grammarPointDescription":10272,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10273,"similarGrammarPoints":10274,"tags":10277,"content":10278,"dependentGrammarPoints":10279,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10280,"prereqPoints":10302},20581149636864,"-(으)ㄴ 지 - Time since",1758817483853,"n-ji-time-since","지 is a bound noun used to indicate the amount of time that has passed since something happened until the present moment.",[7889],[10275,10276],20581149730476,20581149793356,[6037,8035],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const _components = {\n br: \"br\",\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n }, {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = _components;\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-(으)ㄴ 지 - Time since\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"지 is a bound noun used to indicate the amount of time that has passed since something happened until the present moment. This grammar point is usually followed by an amount of time and the verb 되다, which in this case has a meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it's been.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"-ㄴ 지 can be a little tricky to conceptualize because any sentence using it could be translated in very different, and sometimes contradictory ways. The correct translation will depend entirely on context.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's take a look at a sentence, first without any context.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 친구[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만난[만나다:v::$:] 지[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 두[$:mm] 달[$:nng] 됐어요[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I've been meeting (dating) that friend for two months.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl279-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This sentence could be interpreted this way. However, it could also mean:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 친구[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만난[만나다:v::$:] 지[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 두[$:mm] 달[$:nng] 됐어요[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I met that friend two months ago.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl279-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Or it could even mean:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 친구[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만난[만나다:v::$:] 지[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 두[$:mm] 달[$:nng] 됐어요[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I haven't met that friend for two months.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl279-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Whenever it could possibly be unclear as to which meaning is intended, it is possible to add extra information to the sentence to make it more clear. For instance, the third meaning could be expressed as:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 친구[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">안[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만난[만나다:v::$:] 지[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 두[$:mm] 달[$:nng] 됐어요[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I haven't met that friend for two months.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl279-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In this meaning, using 안 or not makes no diffence.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"그 친구 만난 지 두 달 됐어요.\", _jsx(_components.br, {}), \"\\n\", \"=\", _jsx(_components.br, {}), \"\\n\", \"그 친구 \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"안\"\n }), \" 만난 지 두 달 됐어요.\", _jsx(_components.br, {}), \"\\n\", \"=\", _jsx(_components.br, {}), \"\\n\", \"I haven't met that friend for two months.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Conversely, if you want to specify the meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I've been meeting that friend for two months,\"\n }), \" you might say:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"만나기[만나다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">시작한[시작하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">지[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 두[$:mm] 달[$:nng] 됐어요[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's been two months since we started meeting.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl279-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's look at a few more examples, keeping in mind that the exact meaning depends on context, as you saw above.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] 그[$:mm] 드라마[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">나온[나오다:v::$:] 지[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 하루[$:nng]만[$:p]에[$:p] 다[$:maj] 봤어요[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Since that drama came out, I watched it all in one day.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl279-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여기[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">여행[$:nng]온[오다:v::$:] 지[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 일주일[$:nng] 됐는데[되다:v::$:], 벌써[$:maj] 여기[$:np]에서[$:p] 살고[살다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's only been a week since I arrived here as a tourist, and I already want to live here.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl279-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 남자[$:nng]는[$:p] 응급[$:nng]실로[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">옮겨진[옮기다:v::$:] 지[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 3시간[$:nng] 만[$:nnb]에[$:p] 결국[$:maj] 사망했다[사망하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That man ultimately died three hours after being moved to the emergency room.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl279-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It would be nice to be able to tell you to just look for the space to determine if you are seeing ㄴ지 or ㄴ 지. Unfortunately, native speakers frequently space things wrong, and this form in particular is very frequently mis-spaced. You will often need to rely on context to know which form you are looking at.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + ㄴ 지\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"만난[만나다:v::$:] 지[$:nnb] 7년[$:nnb]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiMigachuToggle, {\n text: \"Advanced Content\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsxs(UiCardItem, {\n children: [_jsx(UiSvg, {\n raw: \"\u003Csvg xmlns=\\\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\\\" fill=\\\"none\\\" class=\\\"-mgk-variable-stroke-asset\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 104 51\\\">\\n\u003Cpath fill=\\\"url(#Diamond_svg__a)\\\" d=\\\"M70.445 2.908H33.81c2.907 5.54 5.91 10.927 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Hence the uncertainty.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10281,10291],{"id":10275,"title":10282,"mod":10283,"grammarPoint":10284,"grammarPointTitle":10282,"grammarPointDescription":10285,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10286,"similarGrammarPoints":10287,"tags":10288,"content":10289,"dependentGrammarPoints":10290,"language":6036},"만에 - For a length of time",1758817830620,"maneh-take-time","만에 is placed after a time frame, or after the counter 번 to say that something happens after that amount of times or number of tries.",[7280],[10268],[6041,7143],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"만에 - 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\", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"It's been a long time,\"\n }), \" which you can say to your friends when you haven't seen them for a while. Koreans learning English often ask \\\"how do you say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"오랜만[$:nng]에[$:p] 친구[$:nng]를[$:p] 만났어요[만나다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in English?\\\" You can tell them it's \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I met with my friend for the first time in a long time,\"\n }), \" which always makes them sigh that such a simple concept is so difficult to say in English.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오랜만[$:nng]에[$:p] 친구[$:nng]를[$:p] 만났어요[만나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I met with my friend for the first time in a long time.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl280-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"time or 번 + 만에\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"1년[$:nnb] 만[$:nnb]에[$:p] 만나요[만나다:v::$:].\u003Cbr>\\n10 번[$:nnb] 만[$:nnb]에[$:p] 합격[$:nng]됐어요[$:sv].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":10276,"title":10292,"mod":10293,"grammarPoint":10294,"grammarPointTitle":10292,"grammarPointDescription":10295,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10296,"similarGrammarPoints":10297,"tags":10299,"content":10300,"dependentGrammarPoints":10301,"language":6036},"-는 데 - To take time\u002Fmoney",1758818290801,"neun-de-take-time-money","-는 데 is used to say things like \"It takes three hours to get there\" or \"it cost 10,000 won.\"",[7138],[10298],20662216509984,[6041,7143],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-는 데 - To take time\u002Fmoney\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The grammar point -는 데 might be the most commonly mis-spaced grammar point in Korean due to its resemblance to -는데. 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It is used to say things like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"It takes three hours to get there\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it cost 10,000 won.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"데[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a bound noun referring to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what it takes to achieve a result.\"\n }), \" -는 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"데[$:nnb] 걸리다[걸리다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is added to a verb stem to indicate how much time it takes to do something. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"걸리다[걸리다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a verb meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be caught,\"\n }), \" but in this case it means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to take time.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"겨울옷[$:nng]들[$:sn]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">정리하는[정리하다:v::$:] 데[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 반나절[$:nng]이[$:p] 걸렸어[걸리다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It took me half a day to organize my winter clothes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl281-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"출근[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">준비하는[준비하다:v::$:] 데[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 보통[$:maj] 15분[$:nnb] 밖[$:nng]에[$:p] 안[$:maj] 걸려요[걸리다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It doesn't usually take me more than 15 minutes to get ready for work.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl281-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-는 데 is also frequently used with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"들다[들다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to put in,\"\n }), \" and can be used to say how much time, money, or effort something requires.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아이[$:nng] 한[$:mm] 명[$:nnb]을[$:p] 성인[$:nng]까지[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">키우는[키우다:v::$:] 데[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 평균[$:nng] 4억[$:nr]원[$:nnb] 정도[$:nng] 든대요[들다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"They say it takes on average ₩400,000,000 to raise one child to adulthood.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl281-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"보험[$:nng]비[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">내[$:np]는[$:p] 데[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong>만[$:p] 한[$:mm] 달[$:nng]에[$:p] 30만원[$:nng] 정도[$:nng] 써요[쓰다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I spent about ₩300,000 a month just on insurance.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl281-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"고양이[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">키우는[키우다:v::$:] 데[$:nnb] 드는[들다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 돈[$:nng]은[$:p] 생각[$:nng]보다[$:p] 많지[많다:a::$:] 않아요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The money it costs to keep a cat isn't as much as I thought.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl281-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + 는 데 걸리다\u002F들다\u002F필요하다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가는[$:b] 데[$:nnb] 3 시간[$:nng] 걸려요[걸리다:v::$:].\u003Cbr>\\n바지[$:nng]를[$:p] 사는[살다:v::$:] 데[$:nnb] 4만원[$:nng] 들었어요[들다:v::$:].\u003Cbr>\\n성공하는[성공하다:v::$:] 데[$:nnb] 운[$:nng]이[$:p] 필요해[필요하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7923],{"id":10275,"title":10282,"mod":10283,"grammarPoint":10284,"grammarPointTitle":10282,"grammarPointDescription":10285,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10286,"similarGrammarPoints":10287,"tags":10304,"content":10289,"dependentGrammarPoints":10290,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10305,"prereqPoints":10308},[6037,8035],[10306],{"id":10268,"title":10269,"mod":10270,"grammarPoint":10271,"grammarPointTitle":10269,"grammarPointDescription":10272,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10273,"similarGrammarPoints":10274,"tags":10307,"content":10278,"dependentGrammarPoints":10279,"language":6036},[6041,7143],[7356],{"id":10276,"title":10292,"mod":10293,"grammarPoint":10294,"grammarPointTitle":10292,"grammarPointDescription":10295,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10296,"similarGrammarPoints":10297,"tags":10310,"content":10300,"dependentGrammarPoints":10301,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10311,"prereqPoints":10322},[6037,8035],[10312],{"id":10298,"title":10313,"mod":10314,"grammarPoint":10315,"grammarPointTitle":10313,"grammarPointDescription":10316,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10317,"similarGrammarPoints":10318,"tags":10319,"content":10320,"dependentGrammarPoints":10321,"language":6036},"-는 데 - In doing",1758890988056,"neun-de-in-doing","-눈 데 has the meaning of \"in doing\" or \"for doing.\" For instance, \"Migaku is good for learning Korean.\"",[10276],[10276],[6041,7143],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-는 데 - In doing\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-는 데 can be used with many verbs other than \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"걸리다[걸리다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". When used with other verbs, it has the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"in doing\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"for doing.\"\n }), \" For instance, \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Migaku is good for learning Korean.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"미가쿠[$:nnp]는[$:p] 한국어[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">배우는[배우다:v::$:] 데[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 좋아요[좋다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Migaku is good for learning Korean.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl282-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"남은[남다:v::$:] 재료[$:nng]들[$:sn]은[$:p] 찌개[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만드는[만들다:v::$:] 데[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 쓸[쓰다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'll use the leftover ingredients for making jjigae.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl282-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"책[$:nng]을[$:p] 읽지는[읽다:v::$:] 않고[$:b] 방[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">꾸미는[꾸미다:v::$:] 데[$:nnb]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 써요[쓰다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't read books, but I use them to decorate my room.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl282-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + 는 데\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"배우는[배우다:v::$:] 데[$:nnb] 도움[$:nng]이[$:p] 돼요[되다:v::$:].\u003Cbr>\\n고양이[$:nng]를[$:p] 키우는[키우다:v::$:] 데[$:nnb] 사용[$:nng]해요[$:sv]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7895],{"id":10298,"title":10313,"mod":10314,"grammarPoint":10315,"grammarPointTitle":10313,"grammarPointDescription":10316,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10317,"similarGrammarPoints":10318,"tags":10324,"content":10320,"dependentGrammarPoints":10321,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10325,"prereqPoints":10326},[6037,8035],[10291],[10291],{"id":8896,"title":8923,"mod":8924,"grammarPoint":8925,"grammarPointTitle":8923,"grammarPointDescription":8926,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8927,"similarGrammarPoints":8928,"tags":10328,"content":8930,"dependentGrammarPoints":8931,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10329,"prereqPoints":10330},[6037,8035],[8936],[10331],{"id":8701,"title":8702,"mod":8703,"grammarPoint":8704,"grammarPointTitle":8702,"grammarPointDescription":8705,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8706,"similarGrammarPoints":8707,"tags":10332,"content":8709,"dependentGrammarPoints":8710,"language":6036},[6041],{"id":10334,"title":10335,"mod":10336,"grammarPoint":10337,"grammarPointTitle":10335,"grammarPointDescription":10338,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10339,"similarGrammarPoints":10340,"tags":10341,"content":10342,"dependentGrammarPoints":10343,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10344,"prereqPoints":10345},20582372869620,"-자마자 - As soon as",1758895346129,"jamaja-as-soon-as","The connective ending -자마자 is used to express that \"as soon as\" the first clause happens, the second clause happens.",[],[8211],[6037,7592],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-자마자 - As soon as\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The connective ending -자마자 is used to express that \\\"as soon as\\\" the first clause happens, the second clause happens. The subjects of the two clauses can be the same or different.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] 용돈[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">받자마자[받다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 바로[$:maj] 오락[$:nng]실로[$:maj] 달려갔어요[달려가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He ran to the arcade as soon as he got his allowance.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl284-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"영화[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">끝나자마자[끝나다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 관객[$:nng]들[$:sn]이[$:p] 일어나서[일어나다:v::$:] 박수[$:nng]를[$:p] 쳤어요[치다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"As soon as the movie finished, the viewers stood up and applauded.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl284-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"비행기[$:nng]에서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">내리자마자[내리다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 환전[$:nng]을[$:p] 했어요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I exchanged money as soon as I got off the plane.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl284-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb stem + 자마자\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오자마자[오다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n받자마자[받다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8936],[],{"id":8289,"title":8295,"mod":8296,"grammarPoint":8297,"grammarPointTitle":8295,"grammarPointDescription":8298,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8299,"similarGrammarPoints":8300,"tags":10347,"content":8302,"dependentGrammarPoints":8303,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10348,"prereqPoints":10351},[6037,8035],[10349],{"id":8282,"title":8283,"mod":8284,"grammarPoint":8285,"grammarPointTitle":8283,"grammarPointDescription":8286,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8287,"similarGrammarPoints":8288,"tags":10350,"content":8291,"dependentGrammarPoints":8292,"language":6036},[6041,7072],[6839,10349,7923],{"id":8538,"title":8555,"mod":8556,"grammarPoint":8557,"grammarPointTitle":8555,"grammarPointDescription":8558,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8559,"similarGrammarPoints":8560,"tags":10353,"content":8562,"dependentGrammarPoints":8563,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10354,"prereqPoints":10355},[6037,6031],[8589,8543],[],{"id":8775,"title":10357,"mod":10358,"grammarPoint":10359,"grammarPointTitle":10357,"grammarPointDescription":10360,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10361,"similarGrammarPoints":10362,"tags":10364,"content":10369,"dependentGrammarPoints":10370,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10371,"prereqPoints":10382},"Plain form",1758897543217,"plain-form","Plain form, or \"diary form\" is a speech level that is formal but doesn't convey politeness.",[],[10363],20584428971976,[6037,10365],{"id":10366,"title":10357,"description":10367,"slug":10368,"language":6036},"1753317397406","the non-polite and formal style","korean-plain-form","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiImage, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiImage) _missingMdxReference(\"UiImage\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Plain form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Korean is divided into speech levels based on formality and politeness. This lesson teaches the register that is formal without politeness. You will see and hear this form in many places, but the primary usage is in writing. In writing you don't really know who your audience will be, and yet it has a level of formality that everyday conversation doesn't have. This register is called \\\"plain form\\\" or \\\"diary form,\\\" because it is the form you would use when writing a diary. Almost all books are written in this form. You can also use this form when talking to yourself, or when making formal-sounding announcements to your family and friends (but not to people to whom you need to speak politely).\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fplainform1.webp\",\n alt: \"plain form chart\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The notable features of plain form are:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"you use 나 when referring to yourself\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"sentences end in -다 (but with a twist)\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"plain form adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's look at how adjectives conjugate in plain form first because they are the easiest.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When a sentence ends in an adjective or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in plain form, they look exactly like their dictionary form. If you have listened to any Korean at all, you will have heard people saying \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"귀엽다[귀엽다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"!, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"좋다[좋다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"! or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"예쁘다[예쁘다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"! and you may have wondered why they were using the dictionary form when we told you they should be saying \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"귀여워[귀엽다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"귀여워요[귀엽다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Now you know, they are using plain form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"요즘[$:nng]은[$:p] 봄[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">짧다[짧다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"These days spring is short.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl287-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"해결[$:nng] 방법[$:nng]은[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">간단하다[간단하다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The solution is simple.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl287-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 남자[$:nng]는[$:p] 인턴[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이다[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That man is an intern.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl287-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"plain form verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Now here is the twist. For present tense verb stems ending in a vowel, you add -ㄴ다. Again, you may have heard people announcing \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"간다[가다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"! when they are leaving. They're making an announcement using plain form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"좋아하다 + ㄴ다 → 좋아한다\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내[$:np] 남자친구[$:nng]는[$:p] 헬스[$:nng]보다[$:p] 복싱[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">좋아한다[좋아하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My boyfriend likes boxing more than working out at the gym.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl287-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친척[$:nng]들[$:sn]은[$:p] 다[$:maj] 미국[$:nnp]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">산다[살다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"All my relatives like in the US.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl287-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For verb stems ending in a batchim, you add -는다.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"받다 + 는다 → 받는다\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"질문[$:nng]은[$:p] 안[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">받는다[받다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We're not taking questions.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl287-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"평소[$:nng] 아침[$:nng]에[$:p] 신문[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">읽는다[읽다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"One usually reads the newspaper in the morning.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl287-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"other tenses\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"For other tenses, whether it is an adjective or verb, you simply put 다 after the syllables indicating tense.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"선크림[$:nng]을[$:p] 안[$:maj] 발라서[바르다:v::$:] 피부[$:nng] 다[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">타겠다[타다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you don't put on sunscreen, you're going to get sunburned.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl287-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"일[$:nng]하기[$:sv] 좋은[좋다:a::$:] 회사[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만들고[만들다:v::$:] 싶었다[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to make a company that's good to work at.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl287-9.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"진짜[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">큰일[$:nng]났다[나다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There's a really big problem.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl287-10.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Adjectives\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"귀엽다[귀엽다:a::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n심심하다[심심하다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem ending in vowel + ㄴ다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"한다[하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem ending in batchim + 는다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"먹는다[먹다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"stems with tense + 다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하겠다[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n했다[하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n할[하다:v::$:] 거다[$:nnb]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10372],{"id":10363,"title":10373,"mod":10374,"grammarPoint":10375,"grammarPointTitle":10373,"grammarPointDescription":10376,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10377,"similarGrammarPoints":10378,"tags":10379,"content":10380,"dependentGrammarPoints":10381,"language":6036},"Written language vs spoken language",1758898126107,"written-vs-spoken","Written language and spoken language are different in Korean. This lesson will go over a few of the important differences.",[6320,6625,6633,7543,7556,8775],[],[6041,10368,6497,6059,6334],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiList, UiListItem, UiMigachuToggle, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Written language vs spoken language\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Written language and spoken language are different in Korean. This lesson will go over a few of the important differences.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Written language - 문어체\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Usually in plain form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"와\u002F과 and 하고 are used for \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"and,\"\n }), \" not 랑\u002F이랑\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"에게(서) is used, not 한테\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The pronouns 그 and 그녀 are used for \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"he\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"she\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Particles are not usually omitted\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Contractions are less frequently used, so you will see 이것이 instead of 이게, 되었다 instead of 됐다, etc\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The final syllable of some connective grammar forms are sometimes omitted to sound more formal or poetic. For example: -아\u002F어서 → -아\u002F어, -니까 → -니, -면서 → 며, 자마자 → 자\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Some grammar forms are not used, for instance -아\u002F어 가지고.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Spoken language - 구어체\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Politeness levels need to be chosen appropriately\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"랑\u002F이랑 and 하고 are preferred over 와\u002F과\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"한테(서) is preferred over 에게(서)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The pronouns 그 and 그녀 are not used\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Some grammar forms are not used\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Spoken language can be messy - people break the rules you have learned so far\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"One thing that might surprise learners is that dialogue in books is frequently in written language, or a jumble of the two. 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Copy your spoken language style from real life conversations if you want to sound as natural as possible.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Since the majority of the language in this course is spoken language, here are a few examples of written language.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그것[$:np]은[$:p] 내[$:np] 것[$:nnb]이[$:p] 아니었다[아니다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That was not mine.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl288-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": 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However, in terms of understanding the meaning of sentences using them, it is enough to consider them equivalent for now.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":10363,"title":10373,"mod":10374,"grammarPoint":10375,"grammarPointTitle":10373,"grammarPointDescription":10376,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10377,"similarGrammarPoints":10378,"tags":10384,"content":10380,"dependentGrammarPoints":10381,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10385,"prereqPoints":10386},[6037,10365,6493,6055,6330],[],[6602,6684,6650,7567,9966,10387],{"id":8775,"title":10357,"mod":10358,"grammarPoint":10359,"grammarPointTitle":10357,"grammarPointDescription":10360,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10361,"similarGrammarPoints":10362,"tags":10388,"content":10369,"dependentGrammarPoints":10370,"language":6036},[6041,10368],{"id":7775,"title":7794,"mod":7795,"grammarPoint":7796,"grammarPointTitle":7794,"grammarPointDescription":7797,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7798,"similarGrammarPoints":7799,"tags":10390,"content":7803,"dependentGrammarPoints":7804,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10391,"prereqPoints":10407},[6037,6055],[7818,10392,10394],{"id":7800,"title":9300,"mod":9301,"grammarPoint":9302,"grammarPointTitle":9300,"grammarPointDescription":9303,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9304,"similarGrammarPoints":9305,"tags":10393,"content":9307,"dependentGrammarPoints":9308,"language":6036},[6041],{"id":7801,"title":10395,"mod":10396,"grammarPoint":10397,"grammarPointTitle":10395,"grammarPointDescription":10398,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10399,"similarGrammarPoints":10401,"tags":10404,"content":10405,"dependentGrammarPoints":10406,"language":6036},"Quoting a command",1758900821124,"quoting-command","This lesson teaches how to use reported speech when you are quoting a command.",[7775,8764,10400],20814356236620,[8764,10400,10402,10403],20814356282484,20814356305176,[6041,8779],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Quoting a command\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Korean uses different quotation forms when quoting commands, propositions, and questions. 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_jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":9923,"title":9931,"mod":9932,"grammarPoint":9933,"grammarPointTitle":9931,"grammarPointDescription":9934,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":9935,"similarGrammarPoints":9936,"tags":10422,"content":9938,"dependentGrammarPoints":9939,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10423,"prereqPoints":10424},[6037,7592],[8936],[8939,8936,10387],{"id":8777,"title":10426,"mod":10427,"grammarPoint":10428,"grammarPointTitle":10426,"grammarPointDescription":10429,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10430,"similarGrammarPoints":10431,"tags":10432,"content":10437,"dependentGrammarPoints":10438,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10439,"prereqPoints":10440},"Direct quotations",1753874912803,"direct-quotations","This lesson teaches how to make a direct quotation, which is like saying exactly what someone said in quotations marks.",[],[8764],[6037,10433],{"id":10434,"title":10435,"description":10436,"slug":8779,"language":6036},"1755708846632","Reported speech","anything related to reported speech","\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Direct quotations\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A direct quotation is when you say what someone said exactly, using their exact words in quotation marks. 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MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8769],[],{"id":8764,"title":8770,"mod":8771,"grammarPoint":8772,"grammarPointTitle":8770,"grammarPointDescription":8773,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8774,"similarGrammarPoints":8776,"tags":10442,"content":8780,"dependentGrammarPoints":8781,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10443,"prereqPoints":10446},[6037,10433],[10444],{"id":8777,"title":10426,"mod":10427,"grammarPoint":10428,"grammarPointTitle":10426,"grammarPointDescription":10429,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10430,"similarGrammarPoints":10431,"tags":10445,"content":10437,"dependentGrammarPoints":10438,"language":6036},[6041,8779],[10387],{"id":10400,"title":10448,"mod":10449,"grammarPoint":10450,"grammarPointTitle":10448,"grammarPointDescription":10451,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10452,"similarGrammarPoints":10453,"tags":10454,"content":10455,"dependentGrammarPoints":10456,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10457,"prereqPoints":10458},"Indirect quotations with 이다 and 아니다",1758900594922,"ida-indirect-quotations","This lesson teaches how to use reported speech with 이다.",[6047,8026,8764],[8777,8764],[6037,10433],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiImage, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiImage) _missingMdxReference(\"UiImage\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Indirect quotations with 이다 and 아니다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When indirect quotations end in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니다[아니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you change 다 to 라.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"첫[$:mm] 번째[$:nnb] 해외[$:nng] 여행[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이라고[이다:v::$:] 했어요[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She said it's her first time traveling abroad.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl294-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"옆집[$:nng]에[$:p] 이사[$:nng] 온[오다:v::$:] 사람[$:nng]이[$:p] 유명한[유명하다:a::$:] 건축가[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">라고[이다:v::$:] 했어요[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I heard the person who moved in next store is a famous architect.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl294-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"선생[$:nng]님[$:sn]은[$:p] 제[$:mm] 잘못[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아니라고[아니다:v::$:] 하셨어요[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The teacher said it wasn't my fault.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl294-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You aren't always actually quoting someone when using reported speech. It is also used to say what something is called or what your name is.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"안녕하세요[$:ic], 저[$:np]는[$:p] 이정하\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">라고[이정하다:v::$:] 해요[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Hello, my name is Lee Jeong-ha (I'm called Lee Jeong-ha).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl294-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여기[$:np]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">불국사[$:nnp]라고[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 하는[하다:v::$:] 유명한[유명하다:a::$:] 절[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This is a famous temple called Bulguksa.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl294-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: _jsx(UiImage, {\n src: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fbulguksa.webp\",\n alt: \"Bulguksa\",\n \"aspect-ratio\": false\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Since future tense -ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것[$:nnb]이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" ends in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it therefore becomes -ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"것이라고\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or -ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"거[$:nnb]라고[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in reported speech.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"유학[$:nng] 후[$:nng]에[$:p] 중국[$:nnp]에서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">취직할[취직하다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]라고[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 했어요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She said she's going to get a job in China after studying abroad.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl294-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"이다 + 고 → 이라고\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"꿈[$:nng]이라고[이다:v::$:] 그랬어요[그렇다:a::$:].\u003Cbr>\\n축제[$:nng] 기간[$:nng]이[$:p] 아니라고[아니다:v::$:] 했어요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10444,8769],[6110,8065,8769],{"id":7801,"title":10395,"mod":10396,"grammarPoint":10397,"grammarPointTitle":10395,"grammarPointDescription":10398,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10399,"similarGrammarPoints":10401,"tags":10460,"content":10405,"dependentGrammarPoints":10406,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10461,"prereqPoints":10484},[6037,10433],[8769,10462,10464,10474],{"id":10400,"title":10448,"mod":10449,"grammarPoint":10450,"grammarPointTitle":10448,"grammarPointDescription":10451,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10452,"similarGrammarPoints":10453,"tags":10463,"content":10455,"dependentGrammarPoints":10456,"language":6036},[6041,8779],{"id":10402,"title":10465,"mod":10466,"grammarPoint":10467,"grammarPointTitle":10465,"grammarPointDescription":10468,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10469,"similarGrammarPoints":10470,"tags":10471,"content":10472,"dependentGrammarPoints":10473,"language":6036},"Quoting a proposition",1758901041780,"quoting-proposition","This lesson explains how to quote someone who made a proposition (that is, when they said \"let's!)",[9828,9835,8764],[8764,7801,10403],[6041,8779],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Quoting a proposition\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The ending -자, which equates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"let's.\"\n }), \" This is the ending we add when we quote a suggestion or proposition. Again, even if the original suggestion used -ㅂ시다 or other wording, when quoting it, we still use -자고.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"친구[$:nng]가[$:p] 주말[$:nng]에[$:p] 캠핑[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가자고[가다:v::$:] 했어요[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My friend suggested we go camping this weekend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl296-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아이[$:nng]들[$:sn]이[$:p] 치킨[$:nng]을[$:p] 시켜[시키다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">먹자고[먹다:v::$:] 해서[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 집[$:nng]에서[$:p] 저녁[$:nng]을[$:p] 먹었어요[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The kids said we should order fried chicken, so we ate dinner at home.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl296-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"남편[$:nng]이[$:p] 대청소[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">하자고[하다:v::$:] 해서[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 아침[$:nng]부터[$:p] 옷[$:nng]들[$:sn]을[$:p] 다[$:maj] 꺼냈어요[꺼내다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My husband said we should do a big clean, so first thing in the morning I pulled out all the clothes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl296-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb\u002Fadj + 자고\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가자고[가다:v::$:] 했어요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":10403,"title":10475,"mod":10476,"grammarPoint":10477,"grammarPointTitle":10475,"grammarPointDescription":10478,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10479,"similarGrammarPoints":10480,"tags":10481,"content":10482,"dependentGrammarPoints":10483,"language":6036},"Quoting a question",1758901605424,"quoting-question","To quote a question, you use the ending -냐고.",[8026,10409,8764],[8764,7801,10402],[6041,8779],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Quoting a question\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"To quote a question, you use the ending -냐고. When -냐 is used as a sentence ending, it can sound a bit rude and rough, but it does not have that nuance here. These sentences usually end in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"물어보다[물어보다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지하철[$:nng]에서[$:p] 어떤[$:mm] 사람[$:nng]이[$:p] 이[$:mm] 신발[$:nng] 어디[$:np]서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">샀냐고[사다:v::$:] 물어봤어요[물어보다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Someone on the subway asked where I bought these shoes.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl297-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"외국인[$:nng]이[$:p] 은행[$:nng]에[$:p] 어떻게[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">가냐고[가다:v::$:] 물어봤는데[물어보다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이해[$:nng]를[$:p] 못[$:maj] 했어요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A foreigner asked her how to get to the bank, but she couldn't understand.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl297-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:np]가[$:p] 영어[$:nnp]를[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 못해서[$:b] 팀장[$:nng]님[$:sn]이[$:p] 정말[$:maj] 외국[$:nng]에서[$:p] 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Content\"\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"This ending can more formally be expressed as -느냐고. This is the original form of this grammar, and it is still used in written language, and sometimes in spoken language, but -냐고 is much more colloquial and commonly used in everyday conversation.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[7793,8769,10462],{"id":10402,"title":10465,"mod":10466,"grammarPoint":10467,"grammarPointTitle":10465,"grammarPointDescription":10468,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10469,"similarGrammarPoints":10470,"tags":10486,"content":10472,"dependentGrammarPoints":10473,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10487,"prereqPoints":10488},[6037,10433],[8769,10394,10474],[9854,9840,8769],{"id":10403,"title":10475,"mod":10476,"grammarPoint":10477,"grammarPointTitle":10475,"grammarPointDescription":10478,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10479,"similarGrammarPoints":10480,"tags":10490,"content":10482,"dependentGrammarPoints":10483,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10491,"prereqPoints":10492},[6037,10433],[8769,10394,10464],[8065,10493,8769],{"id":10409,"title":10410,"mod":10411,"grammarPoint":10412,"grammarPointTitle":10410,"grammarPointDescription":10413,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10414,"similarGrammarPoints":10415,"tags":10494,"content":10417,"dependentGrammarPoints":10418,"language":6036},[6041,6059],{"id":10496,"title":10497,"mod":10498,"grammarPoint":10499,"grammarPointTitle":10497,"grammarPointDescription":10500,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10501,"similarGrammarPoints":10502,"tags":10503,"content":10504,"dependentGrammarPoints":10505,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10506,"prereqPoints":10507},20814356329812,"Quoting 주다",1759246509696,"quoting-juda","Using 주다 in reported speech. This lesson will break it down for you in a step-by-step way.",[8282,8764],[8764],[6037,10433],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Quoting 주다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In reported speech,\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"주다[주다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" becomes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"달라고[주다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Let's look at two different cases.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Original statements:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"물[$:nng] 좀[$:maj] 주세요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Give me water, please.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl298-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"큰[크다:a::$:] 사이즈[$:nng]로[$:p] 바꿔[바꾸다:v::$:]주세요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please exchange it for a size large.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl298-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In these statements, the speaker is asking for something \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"for themselves\"\n }), \" - either that someone gives them something, or does something for them. In these cases, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"주다[주다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" becomes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"달라고[주다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in reported speech.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"물[$:nng] 좀[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">달라고[주다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 했어요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She said to give her water.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl298-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"큰[크다:a::$:] 사이즈[$:nng]로[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">바꿔달라고[바꾸다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 했어요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He asked to exchange it for a large.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl298-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"달라고[주다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" does not change based on being a command or a question, it stays \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"달라고[주다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in every form.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Now let's look at a different case. Let's say your sister tells you:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"엄마[$:nng]가[$:p] 이미[$:maj] 아이[$:nng]한테[$:p] 과자[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">줬어요[주다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Mom already gave the child a snack.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl298-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Or your boss says:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"손님[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">도와주세요[도와주다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Help the customer.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl298-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In the sentences above, the recipient of or person benefiting from \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"주다[주다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is not the speaker. In cases like this, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"주다[주다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" does not change to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"달라고[주다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", but is used as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"주다[주다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"드리다[드리다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with the appropriate 다고, 라고, 냐고 ending.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"언니[$:nng]가[$:p] 엄마[$:nng]가[$:p] 아이[$:nng]한테[$:p] 과자[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">줬다고[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 했어요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Unni said mom gave the child a snack.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl298-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사장[$:nng]님[$:sn]이[$:p] 손님[$:nng]을[$:p] 도와[돕다:v::$:]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">드리라고[드리다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 하셨어요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The boss told me to help the customer.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl298-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"recipient of 주다 is person being quoted → 달라고\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"해[하다:v::$:] 달라고[달다:v::$:] 했어요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"recipient of 주다 is not person being quoted → 주다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"해[하다:v::$:] 주냐고[$:b] 물어봤어요[물어보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8769],[10349,8769],{"id":10509,"title":10510,"mod":10511,"grammarPoint":10512,"grammarPointTitle":10510,"grammarPointDescription":10513,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10514,"similarGrammarPoints":10515,"tags":10517,"content":10518,"dependentGrammarPoints":10519,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10520,"prereqPoints":10531},20814356351592,"Abbreviating reported speech 1",1759244296307,"abbr-reported-speech-1","This lesson teaches one way that reported speech is abbreviated in speech.",[8764,7801,10402,10403,10496],[10516],20814356378880,[6037,10433],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Abbreviating reported speech 1\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"All the quotations you've seen so far have been followed by a verb with the meaning of saying or thinking. It is also possible to omit this verb when the context is clear. To omit it in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"반말[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", you simply end the sentence with 고. To make it polite, you can end it with 고요. This is especially common when you need to repeat something you just said because the other person didn't hear. \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I said let's go!\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"피자[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">먹자고[먹다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I said let's eat pizza.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl299-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"네[$:nnp] 잘못[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아니라고[아니다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I said it's not your fault.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl299-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지금[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">덥냐고[덥다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Are you asking if it's hot now?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl299-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:np]가[$:p] 그걸[$:np] 어떻게[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">아냐고요[알다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"How would I know that?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl299-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"점수[$:nng]가[$:p] 그렇게[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">높다고요[높다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Your score is that high?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl299-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"omitting 말하다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가자요[가다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n뭐냐[$:mm]냐고[이다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10521],{"id":10516,"title":10522,"mod":10523,"grammarPoint":10524,"grammarPointTitle":10522,"grammarPointDescription":10525,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10526,"similarGrammarPoints":10527,"tags":10528,"content":10529,"dependentGrammarPoints":10530,"language":6036},"Abbreviating reported speech 2",1759246558422,"abbr-reported-speech-2","This lesson teaches a common and colloquial way to shorten reported speech.",[8764,10400,7801,10402,10403],[10509],[6041,8779],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Abbreviating reported speech 2\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another common and colloquial way to abbreviate reported speech is a little more complicated. Instead of omitting \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", it condenses the reported speech and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" into one ending as you can see below.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Full ending\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Abbreviated ending\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ㄴ\u002F는다고 해(요)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ㄴ\u002F는대(요)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"-이라고 해(요)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"이래(요)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"라고 해(요)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"래(요)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"자고 해(요)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"재(요)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"냐고 해(요)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"냬(요)\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"미국인[$:nng]한테[$:p]는[$:p] 스페인어[$:nnp]가[$:p] 더[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쉽대요[쉽다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"They say Spanish is easier for Americans.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl300-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] 점심[$:nng] 메뉴[$:nng]는[$:p] 햄버거[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">래요[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"They say today's lunch menu is hamburgers.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl300-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 사람[$:nng]이[$:p] 뭐[$:maj]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">래요[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What does that person say?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl300-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"팀장[$:nng]님[$:sn]이[$:p] 주말[$:nng]까지[$:p] 시장[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">조사하래요[조사하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The team leader said to finish the market research by the weekend.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl300-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"오늘[$:maj] 저녁[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">먹재[먹다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I said let's have dinner.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl300-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"공연[$:nng] 언제[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">시작하냬요[$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I asked when the performance starts.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl300-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"색연필[$:nng] 좀[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">빌려달래[빌려주다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I asked if I could borrow some colored pencils.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl300-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When the person you are quoting used past tense themselves, you can use -았\u002F었대요 etc.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"행사[$:nng] 때[$:nng] 연예인[$:nng]이[$:p] 와서[오다:v::$:] 춤[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">췄대요[추다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"They say a celebrity came and danced at the event.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl300-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When you want to explicitly say that the person you are quoting said what they said in the past, you can add -ㅆ to the end of 대, 래, etc.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"행사[$:nng] 때[$:nng] 연예인[$:nng]이[$:p] 와서[오다:v::$:] 춤[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">춘댔어요[추다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"They said a celebrity would come and dance at the event.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl300-9.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"However, even without using past tense like this, past tense is implied by context. That is, there is no real difference if you say 춘대요 here instead.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"ㄴ\u002F는다고 해(요) → ㄴ\u002F는대(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"간대요[가다:v::$:].\u003Cbr>\\n밥[$:nng] 먹는[먹다:v::$:]대[$:nnb].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"이라고 해(요) → 이래(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"핵[$:nng]생[$:sn]이래[$:nnb].\u003Cbr>\\n의사[$:nng]래[$:nng]요[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"라고 해(요) → 래(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"하래요[하다:v::$:].\u003Cbr>\\n읽으래[읽다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"자고 해(요) → 재(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가재[$:nng]요[$:p].\u003Cbr>\\n밥[$:nng] 먹재[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"냐고 해(요) → 냬(요)\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"뭐냬[$:].\u003Cbr>\\n뭐[$:np] 하냬요[$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[8769,10394,10464,10474,10532],{"id":10496,"title":10497,"mod":10498,"grammarPoint":10499,"grammarPointTitle":10497,"grammarPointDescription":10500,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10501,"similarGrammarPoints":10502,"tags":10533,"content":10504,"dependentGrammarPoints":10505,"language":6036},[6041,8779],{"id":10516,"title":10522,"mod":10523,"grammarPoint":10524,"grammarPointTitle":10522,"grammarPointDescription":10525,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10526,"similarGrammarPoints":10527,"tags":10535,"content":10529,"dependentGrammarPoints":10530,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10536,"prereqPoints":10539},[6037,10433],[10537],{"id":10509,"title":10510,"mod":10511,"grammarPoint":10512,"grammarPointTitle":10510,"grammarPointDescription":10513,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10514,"similarGrammarPoints":10515,"tags":10538,"content":10518,"dependentGrammarPoints":10519,"language":6036},[6041,8779],[8769,10462,10394,10464,10474],{"id":10541,"title":10542,"mod":10543,"grammarPoint":10544,"grammarPointTitle":10542,"grammarPointDescription":10545,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10546,"similarGrammarPoints":10547,"tags":10548,"content":10549,"dependentGrammarPoints":10550,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10551,"prereqPoints":10552},20814356399724,"왜냐하면 - Because",1759246786521,"wehnyahamyeon-because","The word 왜냐하면 means \"because\" and it is a way you can start a sentence that is giving a reason for something.",[7410,8211,10409,10403],[],[6037,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"왜냐하면 - Because\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The word 왜냐하면 means \\\"because\\\" and it is a way you can start a sentence that is giving a reason for something. It's easy enough to learn as a vocabulary word, but we wanted to use this lesson to show you how it is formed.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Component\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Comes from\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"왜\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"왜\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"why\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"냐\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"냐\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"quoting a question\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"하\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"하다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to say\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"면\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"면\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"if\u002Fwhen\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"왜냐하면 is an abbreviated form of \\\"왜냐고 하면\\\" which means \\\"if you ask why.\\\" However, over time it has lost the literal meaning and just means \\\"that's because.\\\"\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 영화[$:nng]는[$:p] 안[$:maj] 봤어요[보다:v::$:]. \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">왜냐하면[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 제[$:np]가[$:p] 공포[$:nng] 영화[$:nng]를[$:p] 못[$:maj] 보거든요[보다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I didn't watch that movie. Because I can't watch horror movies.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl301-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In casual speech this is sometimes shortened to 왜냐면.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"요즘[$:nng]은[$:p] 사람[$:nng]들[$:sn]이[$:p] 결혼[$:nng]을[$:p] 늦게[늦다:a::$:] 하는[하다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb] 같아요[같다:a::$:]. \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">왜냐면[$:mag]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 생각할[생각하다:v::$:] 것[$:np]들[$:sn]이[$:p] 많잖아요[많다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"These days people seem to be getting married late. Because there are so many things to think about.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl301-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Finally, there is the similar expression 뭐냐하면, which literally means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"if you ask me what it is\"\n }), \", but is similar to saying \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the thing is...\"\n }), \" to introduce what you are going to talk about.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"문제[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">뭐냐면[$:maj]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 거기[$:np]는[$:p] 세금[$:nng]이[$:p] 너무[$:maj] 비싸요[비싸다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The problem is, taxes are too expensive there.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl301-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[10553,8936,10493,10474],{"id":7410,"title":7411,"mod":7412,"grammarPoint":7413,"grammarPointTitle":7411,"grammarPointDescription":7414,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7415,"similarGrammarPoints":7416,"tags":10554,"content":7418,"dependentGrammarPoints":7419,"language":6036},[6041,6619,6334],{"id":10556,"title":10557,"mod":10558,"grammarPoint":10559,"grammarPointTitle":10557,"grammarPointDescription":10560,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10561,"similarGrammarPoints":10563,"tags":10567,"content":10568,"dependentGrammarPoints":10569,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10570,"prereqPoints":10601},20814356442480,"이 - Passive suffix",1759247639575,"i-passive-suffix","This lesson gives examples of verbs that become passive by adding ㅣ.",[10562],20814356420580,[10564,10565,10566],20814356464980,20814356487816,20814356508612,[6037,6145,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"이 - Passive suffix\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This might be a good time to remind you that you already know at least one word in passive voice - \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"보이다[보이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The extra \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" changes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"보다[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" from \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to see\"\n }), \" to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be visible.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The following chart shows some more words that change to passive voice using the suffix \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:mm]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Active Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Passive Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"싸다[싸다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to wrap\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"싸이다[싸이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be wrapped\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"쓰다[쓰다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to use\u002Fto write\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"쓰이다[쓰이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be used\u002Fto be written\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"바꾸다[바꾸다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to change\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"바뀌다[바뀌다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be changed\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"쌓다[쌓다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to pile\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"쌓이다[쌓이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be piled\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"덮다[덮다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to cover\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"덮이다[덮이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be covered\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"끼다[끼다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to stick in\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"끼이다[끼이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be stuck in\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"옷[$:nng]이[$:p] 문[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">끼였어요[$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My clothes got stuck in the door.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl303-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"길[$:nng]에[$:p] 구멍[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">파였어요[파이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There's a hole dug in the road.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl303-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 단어[$:nng]는[$:p] 예전[$:nng]에[$:p] 많이[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쓰였는데[쓰이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 요즘[$:nng]은[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 안[$:maj] 써요[쓰다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That word used to be used a lot, but not it's not used much.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl303-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Passive verbs are frequently used in the form -어 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"있다[있다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" because something happened and was left in that state. The action of piling up is not the focus, just the state of being piled up.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"옛날[$:nng] 신문[$:nng]에[$:p]는[$:p] 한글[$:nng]과[$:p] 한자[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">섞여[섞이다:v::$:] 있었어요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"In old newspapers, hangul and hanja were mixed.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl304-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"돌[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쌓여[쌓이다:v::$:] 있어요[있다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The rocks are piled up.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl303-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10571,10581,10591],{"id":10564,"title":10572,"mod":10573,"grammarPoint":10574,"grammarPointTitle":10572,"grammarPointDescription":10575,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10576,"similarGrammarPoints":10577,"tags":10578,"content":10579,"dependentGrammarPoints":10580,"language":6036},"리 - Passive suffix",1759248420423,"ri-passive-suffix","This lesson introduces verbs that become passive by adding 리.",[10562],[10556,10565,10566],[6041,6035,6148],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"리 - Passive suffix\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The passive suffix 리 is usually added to verb stems that end in ㄹ or ㄹㅎ, or stems that that conjugate to ㄹ like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"듣다 (들어)\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"자르다[자르다:v::$:] (잘라[자르다:v::$:])\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Active Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Passive Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"열다[열다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to open\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"열리다[열리다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be opened\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"듣다[듣다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to hear\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"들리다[들리다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be heard\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"팔다[팔다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to sell\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"팔리다[팔리다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be sold\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"자르다[자르다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to cut\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"잘리다[잘리다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be cut\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"걸다[걸다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to hang something\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"걸리다[걸리다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be caught on something\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"물다[물다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to bite\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"물리다[물리다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be bit\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"옷[$:nng]이[$:p] 나무[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">걸렸어요[걸리다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My clothes got stuck on a tree.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl304-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"강아지[$:nng]한테[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">물렸어[물리다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"She was bitten by a dog?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl304-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"의문[$:nng]이[$:p] 모두[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">풀렸어요[풀리다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"All my doubts have been cleared up.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl304-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"바늘[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">찔렸어요[찔리다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was stabbed by a needle.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl304-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":10565,"title":10582,"mod":10583,"grammarPoint":10584,"grammarPointTitle":10582,"grammarPointDescription":10585,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10586,"similarGrammarPoints":10587,"tags":10588,"content":10589,"dependentGrammarPoints":10590,"language":6036},"히 - Passive suffix",1759249288896,"hi-passive-suffix","This lesson introduces verbs that become passive by adding 히.",[10562],[10556,10564,10566],[6041,6035,6148],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"히 - Passive suffix\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The passive suffix 히 frequently combines with verbs that end in the batchim ㅂ, ㄱ, ㄷ, and ㅈ, but again, there is no rule, so they must be learned as individual vocabulary words.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Active Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Passive Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"뽑다[뽑다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to select\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"뽑히다[뽑히다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be selected\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"잡다[잡다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to catch\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"잡히다[잡히다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be caught\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"막다[막다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to block\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"막히다[막히다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be blocked\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"먹다[먹다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to eat\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"먹히다[먹히다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be eaten\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"닫다[닫다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to close\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"닫히다[닫히다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be closed\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"차[$:nng]가[$:p] 왜[$:maj] 이렇게[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">막히지[막히다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why is there so much traffic? (Why are the cars blocked like this?)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl305-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"파파라치[$:nng]한테[$:p] 사진[$:nng]을[$:p] 많이[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">찍혀서[찍히다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 마스크[$:nng]를[$:p] 쓰고[쓰다:v::$:] 다녀요[다니다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I go around wearing a mask because I get photographed a lot by paparazzi.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl305-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"손[$:nng]에[$:p] 가시[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">박혔어[박히다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I got a splinter stuck in my hand.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl305-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"다리[$:nng] 많이[$:maj] 아프면[아프다:a::$:] 나[$:np]한테[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">업혀[업히다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If your leg hurts a lot, I'll carry you (be carried by me).\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl305-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그건[$:np] 조선[$:nnp]시대[$:nng]에[$:p] 가장[$:maj] 많이[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">읽힌[읽히다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 소설[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That is the novel that was the most read in the Joseon dynasty.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl305-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":10566,"title":10592,"mod":10593,"grammarPoint":10594,"grammarPointTitle":10592,"grammarPointDescription":10595,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10596,"similarGrammarPoints":10597,"tags":10598,"content":10599,"dependentGrammarPoints":10600,"language":6036},"기 - Passive suffix",1759249764901,"gi-passive-suffix","This lesson introduces verbs that become passive by adding 기.",[10562],[10556,10564,10565],[6041,6148,6035],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"기 - Passive suffix\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The final passive suffix is 기, which frequently combines with verbs whose stems end in ㅁ, ㄴ, ㅅ, or ㅊ.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Active Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Passive Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"끊다[끊다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to cut\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"끊기다[끊기다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be cut\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"숨다[숨다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to hide\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"숨기다[숨기다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be hidden\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"안다[알다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to hug\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"안기다[안기다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be hugged\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"믿다[믿다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to believe\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"믿기다[믿기다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be believed\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"잠그다[잠그다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to lock\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"잠기다[잠기다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be locked\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"갑자기[$:maj] 인터넷[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">끊긴[끊기다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 것[$:nnb] 같아요[같다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think the internet suddenly cut out.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl306-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"주인공[$:nng]은[$:p] 경찰[$:nng]한테[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">쫓기고[쫓기다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 있었어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The main character was being chased by the police.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl306-2a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"독약[$:nng]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">담긴[담기다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 병[$:nng]을[$:p] 발견했어요[발견하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"They found a bottle containing poison.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl306-3a.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이건[$:np] 밖[$:nng]에서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">잠기는[잠기다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 문[$:nng]이야[$:p].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This is a door that locks from the outside.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl306-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":10564,"title":10572,"mod":10573,"grammarPoint":10574,"grammarPointTitle":10572,"grammarPointDescription":10575,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10576,"similarGrammarPoints":10577,"tags":10603,"content":10579,"dependentGrammarPoints":10580,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10604,"prereqPoints":10607},[6037,6031,6145],[10605,10581,10591],{"id":10556,"title":10557,"mod":10558,"grammarPoint":10559,"grammarPointTitle":10557,"grammarPointDescription":10560,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10561,"similarGrammarPoints":10563,"tags":10606,"content":10568,"dependentGrammarPoints":10569,"language":6036},[6041,6148,6035],[],{"id":10565,"title":10582,"mod":10583,"grammarPoint":10584,"grammarPointTitle":10582,"grammarPointDescription":10585,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10586,"similarGrammarPoints":10587,"tags":10609,"content":10589,"dependentGrammarPoints":10590,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10610,"prereqPoints":10611},[6037,6031,6145],[10605,10571,10591],[],{"id":10566,"title":10592,"mod":10593,"grammarPoint":10594,"grammarPointTitle":10592,"grammarPointDescription":10595,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10596,"similarGrammarPoints":10597,"tags":10613,"content":10599,"dependentGrammarPoints":10600,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10614,"prereqPoints":10615},[6037,6145,6031],[10605,10571,10581],[],{"id":10617,"title":10618,"mod":10619,"grammarPoint":10620,"grammarPointTitle":10618,"grammarPointDescription":10621,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10622,"similarGrammarPoints":10623,"tags":10624,"content":10625,"dependentGrammarPoints":10626,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10627,"prereqPoints":10630},20814356529792,"-아\u002F어지다 - Passive suffix",1759250532936,"eojida-passive-suffix","Some verbs become passive by adding -아\u002F어지다.",[8517,10562],[8517],[6037,7740,6145],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어지다 - Passive suffix\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-아\u002F어지다 can be used with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"adjectives\"\n }), \" to say that something became that adjective (for example \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"예뻐졌어[예쁘다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \" became pretty\"\n }), \"). This ending can also be used with \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"some verbs\"\n }), \" to make them passive.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"습관[$:nng]이[$:p] 하루[$:nng] 아침[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">고쳐지지는[고치다:v::$:] 않잖아요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Habits aren't fixed in one morning.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl307-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:mm] 식당[$:nng]은[$:p] 맛집[$:nng]으로[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">알려진[알려지다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 곳[$:nng]이지만[이다:v::$:] 사실[$:maj] 별로[$:maj]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That restaurant is known as a good restaurant, but it's actually not that great.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl307-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 부분[$:nng]은[$:p] 글씨[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">지워졌어요[짓다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The writing in this section is erased.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl307-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + 아\u002F어지다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"만들어졌다[만들다:v::$:].\u003Cbr>\\n창문[$:nng]이[$:p] 깨졌어요[깨지다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiMigachuToggle, {\n text: \"Advanced Content\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsxs(UiCardItem, {\n children: [_jsx(UiSvg, {\n raw: \"\u003Csvg 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dictionary, but not all all words that can be combined with -아\u002F어지다 are.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10628],{"id":8517,"title":8518,"mod":8519,"grammarPoint":8520,"grammarPointTitle":8518,"grammarPointDescription":8521,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8522,"similarGrammarPoints":8523,"tags":10629,"content":8525,"dependentGrammarPoints":8526,"language":6036},[6041,6390],[10628],{"id":10632,"title":10633,"mod":10634,"grammarPoint":10635,"grammarPointTitle":10633,"grammarPointDescription":10636,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10637,"similarGrammarPoints":10638,"tags":10639,"content":10640,"dependentGrammarPoints":10641,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10642,"prereqPoints":10645},20814356566200,"받다 as passive voice",1759250809139,"batda-passive-voice","받다 sometimes replaces 하다 to make a verb passive.",[7526,10562],[7526,10556,10564,10565,10566],[6037,6145],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"받다 as passive voice\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Changing a verb to passive voice using the suffixes 이, 리, 히, and 기 only works for native Korean words. For Chinese-origin words, there are a few possibilities, including 되다, which we've mentioned several times.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another way to change \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" verbs to passive voice is to replace \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-받다[받다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", which means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to receive.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here are a few examples.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Active Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Passive Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: 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_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"교육[$:nng]받다[받다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be educated, trained\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"소개[$:nng]하다[$:sv]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to introduce\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"소개[$:nng]받다[받다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be introduced\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, all of these verbs contain nouns that people can receive. A limited number of words use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-받다[받다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" over \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-되다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", so it is best to learn them individually.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"우울증[$:nng]이[$:p] 심해서[심하다:a::$:] 병원[$:nng]에서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">상담[$:nng]받았어요[받다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He received a consultation at the hospital because his depression was severe.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl308-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"배우는[배우다:v::$:] 대중[$:nng]에게[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">평가[$:nng]받는[받다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 직업[$:nng]이잖아요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Acting is a profession that is judged by the general public.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl308-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"군대[$:nng]에서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">훈련[$:nng]받는[받다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 꿈[$:nng]을[$:p] 꿨어요[꾸다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I dreamt that I was being trained in the army.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl308-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어렸을[어리다:a::$:] 때[$:nng] 눈[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">수술[$:nng]받은[받다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 적[$:nnb]이[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I had eye surgery when I was young.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl308-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"하다 → 받다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"치료받았어요[치료받다:v::$:].\u003Cbr>\\n존경받았어요[존경받다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10643,10605,10571,10581,10591],{"id":7526,"title":7527,"mod":7528,"grammarPoint":7529,"grammarPointTitle":7527,"grammarPointDescription":7530,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7531,"similarGrammarPoints":7532,"tags":10644,"content":7534,"dependentGrammarPoints":7535,"language":6036},[6041,6035],[10643],{"id":10647,"title":10648,"mod":10649,"grammarPoint":10650,"grammarPointTitle":10648,"grammarPointDescription":10651,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10652,"similarGrammarPoints":10653,"tags":10654,"content":10655,"dependentGrammarPoints":10656,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10657,"prereqPoints":10660},20814378363744,"당하다 - To suffer",1759321508642,"danghada-suffer","당하다 means \"to suffer\" and can be used to make some verbs passive.",[10562],[10632],[6037,6145],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"당하다 - To suffer\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One more way to create passive verbs is by adding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-당하다[당하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to nouns. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"당하다[당하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to go through something unpleasant,\"\n }), \" and can be translated to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to suffer\"\n }), \" as in \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"he suffered an accident.\"\n }), \" It is only used with a limited number of hanja-based nouns. You can see a few of them below.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Noun\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Passive Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"체포[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"arrest\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"체포당하다[체포당하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be arrested\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사고[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"accident\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사고[$:nng]당하다[$:sv]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to suffer an accident\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"무시[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"disregard; neglect\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"무시당하다[무시당하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"being looked down on\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사용[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"usage\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사용[$:nng]당하다[$:sv]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be used\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"부상[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"wound\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"부상당하다[부상당하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be wounded\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사기[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"con, scam\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사기당하다[사기당하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be conned, to be scammed\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:np]가[$:p] 나온[나오다:v::$:] 장면[$:nng]들[$:sn]은[$:p] 거[$:nnb]의[$:p] 다[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">편집[$:nng] 당했어요[당하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was edited out of almost all the scenes I appeared in.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl309-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 이야기[$:nng]를[$:p] 듣고[듣다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">설득[$:nng]당했어[$:sv]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I was persuaded when I heard that story.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl309-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">스토킹[$:nng]을[$:p] 당해서[당하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 경찰서[$:nng]에[$:p] 갔어요[가다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went to the police station because I was being stalked.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl309-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"당하다[당하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can be used with native Korean verbs by putting them in their noun form with ㅁ.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Active Verb\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Passive Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"놀리다[놀리다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to make fun of\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"놀림[$:nng]을[$:p] 당하다[당하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be made fun of\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"괴롭히다[괴롭히다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to harass\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"괴롭힘[괴롭히다:v::$:]을[$:p] 당하다[당하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be harassed\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"죽이다[죽이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to kill\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"죽임[죽이다:v::$:]을[$:p] 당하다[당하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be killed\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어렸을[어리다:a::$:] 때[$:nng] 반[$:nng]에서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">따돌림[$:nng]을[$:p] 당했어요[당하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When I was young, I was bullied at school.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl309-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun당하다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"체포당하다[체포당하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb stem + ㅁ + 을\u002F를 당하다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"놀림[$:nng]을[$:p] 당하다[당하다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10658],{"id":10632,"title":10633,"mod":10634,"grammarPoint":10635,"grammarPointTitle":10633,"grammarPointDescription":10636,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10637,"similarGrammarPoints":10638,"tags":10659,"content":10640,"dependentGrammarPoints":10641,"language":6036},[6041,6148],[],{"id":10662,"title":10663,"mod":10664,"grammarPoint":10665,"grammarPointTitle":10663,"grammarPointDescription":10666,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10667,"similarGrammarPoints":10668,"tags":10670,"content":10671,"dependentGrammarPoints":10672,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10673,"prereqPoints":10684},20814378390696,"내다 - To bring about",1759322168638,"neda-bring-about","This lesson covers various ways that 내다 is used.",[],[10669],20814378416700,[6037,6145],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"내다 - To bring about\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"내다[내다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나다[나다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" are two important very verbs in Korean because, like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-되다[되다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", they can combine with nouns to form new verbs. This lesson will focus on \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"내다[내다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and the next lesson will focus on \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나다[나다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you look \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"내다[내다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" up in the dictionary, you will see that it has 31 definitions! Looking at these definitions as one big picture, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"내다[내다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a verb that means to cause something or bring something out. It is a \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"transitive\"\n }), \" verb, so it needs an object (or there is an object implied.) It often can translate to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"make,\"\n }), \" as you can see here:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]도[$:p] 의견[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">냈지만[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 무시[$:nng] 당했어요[당하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I also voiced my opinion, but I was ignored.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl310-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 놈[$:nnb]이[$:p] 이상[$:nng]한[$:sv] 소문[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">냈어요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That guy started a strange rumor.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl310-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Many verbs use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-내다[내다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" as a suffix, and it shows you they are transitive verbs, or have a causative meaning (someone is actively causing something to happen). You know some of these \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-내다[내다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" verbs already, but we wanted to show you they are part of a larger pattern.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가방[$:nng]에서[$:p] 노트[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">꺼냈어요[꺼내다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He pulled a notebook out of his bag.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl310-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] 어제[$:maj] 과제[$:nng] 다[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">끝냈어요[끝내다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I finished all my assignments yesterday.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl310-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"tl;dr\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"내다[내다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" needs an object.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun을\u002F를 내다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"소리[$:nng]를[$:p] 냈어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun내다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"끝냈어요[끝내다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10674],{"id":10669,"title":10675,"mod":10676,"grammarPoint":10677,"grammarPointTitle":10675,"grammarPointDescription":10678,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10679,"similarGrammarPoints":10680,"tags":10681,"content":10682,"dependentGrammarPoints":10683,"language":6036},"나다 - To occur",1759322761330,"nada-occur","This lesson covers various ways 나다 is used.",[],[],[6041,6148],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"나다 - To occur\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나다[나다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is the \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"intransitive\"\n }), \" version of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"내다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". An intransitive verb is one that doesn't require an object. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나다[나다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"'s many definitions can be boiled down to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to occur.\"\n }), \" Just like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"하다[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" pairs with nouns using the object marker and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"되다[되다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" pairs with nouns using the subject marker, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"내다[내다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" verbs use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"을[$:nng]\u002F를[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나다[나다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" uses \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이[$:p]\u002F가[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". While \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"소리[$:nng]를[$:p] 내다[내다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means someone is causing a sound to happen, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"소리[$:nng]가[$:p] 나다[나다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means something made a sound without intention. \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나다[나다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" labels the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"source\"\n }), \" of the noun with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한테서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"에서[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:mm] 건물[$:nng]에서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">불[$:nng]이[$:p] 났어요[나다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A fire started in that building.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl311-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"무릎[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">상처[$:nng]가[$:p] 났어요[나다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"My knee was wounded.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl311-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Of course, not every sentence requires a source. Many things simply pop into existence without an agent or source.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 순간[$:nng] 갑자기[$:maj] 좋은[좋다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">생각[$:nng]이[$:p] 났어요[나다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That moment I suddenly had a good idea.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl311-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Finally, many verbs end in \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-나다[나다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and that tells you they are intransitive. A few of them can be expressed in their transitive form by changing them to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-내다[내다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"시험[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">끝나고[끝나다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 후회하지[후회하다:v::$:] 말고[$:b] 지금[$:maj] 공부하자[공부하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Let's study now, not regret it after the exam is finished.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl311-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Oftentimes, because of translations, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나다[나다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can feel like passive voice. It is not, it is intransitive. Try to remember these terms, because we're going to use them again.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun이\u002F가 나다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"소리[$:nng]가[$:p] 났어요[나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun나다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"끝났어요[끝나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":10669,"title":10675,"mod":10676,"grammarPoint":10677,"grammarPointTitle":10675,"grammarPointDescription":10678,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10679,"similarGrammarPoints":10680,"tags":10686,"content":10682,"dependentGrammarPoints":10683,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10687,"prereqPoints":10688},[6037,6145],[],[],{"id":10690,"title":10691,"mod":10692,"grammarPoint":10693,"grammarPointTitle":10691,"grammarPointDescription":10694,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10695,"similarGrammarPoints":10696,"tags":10697,"content":10698,"dependentGrammarPoints":10699,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10700,"prereqPoints":10701},20858958344604,"나다, 내다, 받다 and negative emotions",1759325258518,"emotion-words","This lesson teaches some ways to talk about emotions using 나다, 내다, and 받다.",[10632,10662],[],[6037,6145],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"나다, 내다, 받다 and negative emotions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Negative emotions are sometimes expressed with both \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"나다[나다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"내다[내다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and since both versions can translate to English the same way, it can be a little confusing for learners to feel the difference.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Koreans traditionally believed that anger accumulating inside the body lead to illness. When anger \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(화[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" - 火) arises insde the body, Koreans say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"화났어요[화나다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Making that anger leave the body through expressing it outwardly is referred to as \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"화내다[화내다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". In English, we would just say \\\"The boss is angry,\\\" but if you keep in mind \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"why\"\n }), \" Koreans use two different words, it will help you feel the difference.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:np]가[$:p] 실수[$:nng]를[$:p] 해서[하다:v::$:] 팀장[$:nng]님[$:sn]이[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">화났어요[화나다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The team leader was angry because I made a mistake. (he seethed inwardly)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FKorean Beginner Academy Batch 4_Nar_minwoo_47.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:np]가[$:p] 실수[$:nng]를[$:p] 해서[하다:v::$:] 팀장[$:nng]님[$:sn]이[$:p] 저[$:np]한테[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">화냈어요[화내다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The team leader was angry at me because I made a mistake. (he yelled at me)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FKorean Beginner Academy Batch 4_Nar_minwoo_48.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"짜증[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a step down from \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"화[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"irritation\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"annoyance.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"직장[$:nng]에서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">짜증나는[짜증나다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 일[$:nng]이[$:p] 있었어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Something annoying happened at work.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FKorean Beginner Academy Batch 4_Nar_minwoo_49.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"날씨[$:nng]가[$:p] 더워서[덥다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">짜증[$:nng]내는[내다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 사람[$:nng]들[$:sn]이[$:p] 많아요[많다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There are a lot of people getting annoyed because the weather is hot.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FKorean Beginner Academy Batch 4_Nar_minwoo_50.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"받다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Koreans use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"받다[받다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to receive\"\n }), \" when talking about getting certain emotions. For instance, you can say you are stressed by saying you are receiving stress.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"고양이[$:nng]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">스트레스[$:nng] 받으면[받다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 밥[$:nng]을[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 안[$:maj] 먹어요[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Cats don't eat well when they are stressed.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FKorean Beginner Academy Batch 4_Nar_minwoo_51.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"열[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"heat\"\n }), \" and a colloquial way of saying you are mad or ticked off is to say you are receiving heat \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(열[$:nng] 받다[받다:v::$:])\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"뉴스[$:nng]를[$:p] 보다가[보다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">열받아서[열받다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> TV 껐어[끄다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I got angry while watching TV so I turned it off.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002FKorean Beginner Academy Batch 4_Nar_minwoo_52.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[10658,10702],{"id":10662,"title":10663,"mod":10664,"grammarPoint":10665,"grammarPointTitle":10663,"grammarPointDescription":10666,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10667,"similarGrammarPoints":10668,"tags":10703,"content":10671,"dependentGrammarPoints":10672,"language":6036},[6041,6148],{"id":10166,"title":10705,"mod":10706,"grammarPoint":10707,"grammarPointTitle":10705,"grammarPointDescription":10708,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10709,"similarGrammarPoints":10710,"tags":10713,"content":10714,"dependentGrammarPoints":10715,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10716,"prereqPoints":10747},"Introduction to causative verbs",1759326197776,"intro-causatives","This lesson gives an overview of what a causative verb is.",[],[10711,10712,10168,10140],20814378461928,20814378481728,[6037,6145],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Introduction to causative verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Most of what you have learned so far has been in \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"active voice.\"\n }), \" Active voice is when the subject of a sentence performs the action of a verb. You've also learned \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"passive voice,\"\n }), \" which focuses on the person or thing being acted upon rather than the person or thing that is acting. Now it's time to talk about \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"causative verbs.\"\n }), \" Causative verbs are used when one person or thing influences another person or thing to do something, either by making them do it, or by letting them do it. In English, causative constructions looks like this:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Mom made him do it.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Mom had him do it.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Mom got him to do it.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Mom let him do it.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The focus of the verb is on mom, not on the person actually doing the verb.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Korean, there is no distinction between \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"make\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"let,\"\n }), \" it is all just causative. However, there are a few different ways to make a sentence causative, which we will be discussing over the next few lessons. We will also teach you which particles are used for the different actors in a causative sentence.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The first examples we will look at are all \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"intransitive\"\n }), \" in their \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"active voice form\"\n }), \". Remember, an intransitive verb is one that does not have a direct object. There is no object in sentences like \\\"I woke up\\\" or \\\"he laughs.\\\"\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Active Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Causative Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"웃다[웃다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to laugh\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"웃기다[웃기다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to make someone laugh\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"깨다[깨다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to wake up\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"깨우다[깨우다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to wake someone up\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"죽다[죽다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to die\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"죽이다[죽이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to kill\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"끓다[끓다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"for something to boil\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"끓이다[끓이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to make boil\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"서다[서다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"for a vehicle to stop\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"세우다[세우다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to stop a vehicle\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You can see that each of these words has an added syllable - 기, 우, and 이. In fact, causative verbs can be made by adding 이, 히, 리, 기, 우, or 추. The bad news is there is no way to guess which verb uses which syllable, so you need to learn the causative forms on a case-by-case basis. More bad news is that they can look like, or even be identical, to their passive forms.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When these verbs become causative, they require an object - in effect, they have become \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"transitive\"\n }), \". The particles are just like you would expect to see, with the subject acting on the object.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여름[$:nng]에[$:p]는[$:p] 콜라[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">얼려서[얼리다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 먹어요[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"In the summer I freeze cola and and drink it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl313-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아빠[$:nng]는[$:p] 아들[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">재우고[재우다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 게임[$:nng]을[$:p] 했어요[하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He put his son to sleep and then played games.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl313-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:mm] 앞[$:nng]에서[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">세워[세우다:v::$:] 주세요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Stop the car in front of that place.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl313-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10717,10727,10737,10160],{"id":10711,"title":10718,"mod":10719,"grammarPoint":10720,"grammarPointTitle":10718,"grammarPointDescription":10721,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10722,"similarGrammarPoints":10723,"tags":10724,"content":10725,"dependentGrammarPoints":10726,"language":6036},"More causative verbs",1759327161392,"more-causatives","This lesson talks about how to create a causative construction using active verbs that require an object.",[7543,10166],[10712],[6041,6148],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"More causative verbs\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The next type of causative pattern we're going to look at is when the active verb is already transitive (requires an object). An example is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"먹다[먹다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to eat\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아이[$:nng]가[$:p] 비타민[$:nng]을[$:p] 먹어도[먹다:v::$:] 됬까요[되다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Is it okay if the child takes (eats) a vitamin?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl314-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you want to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"is it okay to feed (give) the child a vitamin?\"\n }), \" you need to change \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"먹다[먹다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to its form - \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"먹이다[먹이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아이[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">한테[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 비타민[$:nng]\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">을[$:p] 먹여도[먹다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 될까요[되다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Is it okay if I feed the child a vitamin?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl314-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한[$:mm]테[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to indicate the recipient of an object \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"or\"\n }), \" an action. The original object keeps \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"을\u002F를\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here are some more common examples that fit this pattern.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Active Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Causative Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"먹다[먹다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to eat\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"먹이다[먹이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to make someone eat (to feed)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"입다[입다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to wear\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"입히다[입히다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to make someone wear (to dress someone)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"알다[알다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to know\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"알리다[알리다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to make someone know (to inform)\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"외국인[$:nng]한테[$:p] 친절하게[친절하다:a::$:] 길[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">알려[알리다:v::$:]줬어요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I kindly showed the foreigner which way to go.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl314-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"청소[$:nng]는[$:p] 저[$:np]한테[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">맡기세요[맡기다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Leave the cleaning to me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl314-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아이[$:nng]한테[$:p] 귀여운[귀엽다:a::$:] 양말[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">신겼어요[$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I put cute socks on the child.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl314-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":10712,"title":10728,"mod":10729,"grammarPoint":10730,"grammarPointTitle":10728,"grammarPointDescription":10731,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10732,"similarGrammarPoints":10733,"tags":10734,"content":10735,"dependentGrammarPoints":10736,"language":6036},"Causative verbs from adjectives",1759328648280,"causative-adjectives","This lesson explains about how adjectives can become a causative verb.",[10711],[10711],[6041,6390,6148],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Causative verbs from adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"The final causative pattern we're going to look at is when the active form is an adjective.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Active Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Causative Form\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"English\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"높다[높다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be high\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"높이다[높이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to raise\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"늦다[늦다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be late\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"늦추다[늦추다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to delay\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"낮다[낮다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be low\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"낮추다[낮추다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to lower\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"맞다[맞다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be correct\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"맞히다[맞히다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to give a correct answer\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"더럽다[$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to be dirty\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"더럽히다[더럽히다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"to make dirty\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"베란다[$:nng]를[$:p] 없애고[없애다:v::$:] 거실[$:nng]을[$:p] 더[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">넓혔어요[넓히다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"We got rid of the sunroom and made the living room bigger.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl315-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"스피커[$:nng] 볼륨[$:nng] 좀[$:maj] 높여[높이다:v::$:] 주세요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"They delayed the movie release to Christmas.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl315-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"시험[$:nng]에서[$:p] 열[$:nr] 문제[$:nng]를[$:p] 다[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">맞혔어[맞히다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n 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Therefore, Koreans say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"맞다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in plain form, not \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"맞는다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". That applies to grammar with plain form at its root, like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"말이 맞다면\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". However, in other grammatical constructions, Koreans still treat it like a verb. 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_jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":10711,"title":10718,"mod":10719,"grammarPoint":10720,"grammarPointTitle":10718,"grammarPointDescription":10721,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10722,"similarGrammarPoints":10723,"tags":10749,"content":10725,"dependentGrammarPoints":10726,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10750,"prereqPoints":10751},[6037,6145],[10727],[7567,10752],{"id":10166,"title":10705,"mod":10706,"grammarPoint":10707,"grammarPointTitle":10705,"grammarPointDescription":10708,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10709,"similarGrammarPoints":10710,"tags":10753,"content":10714,"dependentGrammarPoints":10715,"language":6036},[6041,6148],{"id":10712,"title":10728,"mod":10729,"grammarPoint":10730,"grammarPointTitle":10728,"grammarPointDescription":10731,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10732,"similarGrammarPoints":10733,"tags":10755,"content":10735,"dependentGrammarPoints":10736,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10756,"prereqPoints":10757},[6037,6405,6145],[10717],[10717],{"id":10168,"title":10738,"mod":10739,"grammarPoint":10740,"grammarPointTitle":10738,"grammarPointDescription":10741,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10742,"similarGrammarPoints":10743,"tags":10759,"content":10745,"dependentGrammarPoints":10746,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10760,"prereqPoints":10761},[6037,6145,7740],[10160],[10752],{"id":10140,"title":10161,"mod":10162,"grammarPoint":10163,"grammarPointTitle":10161,"grammarPointDescription":10164,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10165,"similarGrammarPoints":10167,"tags":10763,"content":10170,"dependentGrammarPoints":10171,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10764,"prereqPoints":10765},[6037],[8177,10737],[7782,8177,10752],{"id":10767,"title":10768,"mod":10769,"grammarPoint":10770,"grammarPointTitle":10768,"grammarPointDescription":10771,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10772,"similarGrammarPoints":10773,"tags":10774,"content":10775,"dependentGrammarPoints":10776,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10777,"prereqPoints":10778},20814378585684,"-게 되다 - To end up doing",1759331672318,"end-up-doing","-게 되다 is used to say something ends up happening regardless of the will of the subject.",[7468],[],[6037],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-게 되다 - To end up doing\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The grammar form -게 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"되다[되다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to express a change in state or situation that happened \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"regardless of the will of the subject\"\n }), \". More simply, this grammar is used to say something ended up happening. It is used when you want to say something happened without your intention, or you want to modestly downplay your role in making it happen.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:np]가[$:p] 이번[$:nng]에[$:p] 발표[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">맡게[맡다:v::$:] 됐어요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The presentation was left to me to do.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl318-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"너무[$:maj] 재밌어서[재미있다:a::$:] 계속[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보게[보다:v::$:] 돼요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It was really interesting so I ended up continuing to watch.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl318-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"요리하기[요리하다:v::$:] 귀찮아서[귀찮다:a::$:] 자꾸[$:maj] 배달[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">시키게[시키다:v::$:] 돼요[되다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Cooking is annoying so I keep ending up ordering delivery.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl318-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + 게 되다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"승진하게[승진하다:v::$:] 됐어요[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[7517],{"id":10780,"title":10781,"mod":10782,"grammarPoint":10783,"grammarPointTitle":10781,"grammarPointDescription":10784,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10785,"similarGrammarPoints":10786,"tags":10787,"content":10788,"dependentGrammarPoints":10789,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10790,"prereqPoints":10791},20582373004092,"보이다 - To be visible, to show",1759331608298,"boida-to-show","보이다 has two meanings - \"to be visible\" and \"to show.\"",[10556,10711],[],[6037,6145],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"보이다 - To be visible, to show\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"보다[보다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has the basic meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to see,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to watch,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to look.\"\n }), \" The related word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"보이다[보이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" has two different meanings depending on if it is being used as a causative or as a passive verb.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"passive - to be visible\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The first meaning we'd like to introduce is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be seen, to be visible.\"\n }), \" First let's look at a sentence using \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"보다[보다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"제[$:np]가[$:p] 바다[$:nng]를[$:p] 봐요[보다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Korean, this sentence has a meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I look at the ocean\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I watch the ocean.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Let's say you are hiking with a friend, and through the trees you catch a glimpse of the ocean. While in English we would say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I see the ocean,\"\n }), \" in Korean it is better to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"the ocean is visible.\"\n }), \" The thing that is seen gets the subject marker.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저기[$:np] 바다[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보이네[보이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I see the ocean over there! (the ocean is visible!)\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl319-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The passive\u002Fintransitive \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"보이다[보이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is also used when talking about your eye's ability to see. Koreans say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"my eyes don't see well\"\n }), \" instead of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"I can't see well.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"작가[$:nng]님[$:sn]은[$:p] 한[$:mm] 쪽[$:nnb] 눈[$:nng]이[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 안[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보이세요[보이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The author can't see well out of one eye.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl319-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"causative - to show\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The other meaning of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"보이다[보이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to show.\"\n }), \" It is commonly used with -어 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"주다[주다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". The thing that is being shown gets the object marker \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"을[$:p]\u002F를[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:np]가[$:p] 지도[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보여드릴게요[보여드리다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'll show you the map.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl319-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"주민등록증[$:nng] 좀[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">보여주세요[보여주다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please show me your ID.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl319-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"All the usages described in this lesson also apply to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"들리다[들리다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be audible\u002Fto let hear\"\n }), \", which is also both passive and causative.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"갑자기[$:maj] 총[$:mm] 소리[$:nng]가[$:p] 들렸어요[들리다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Suddenly a gun shot was heard.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl319-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[10605,10717],{"id":10793,"title":10794,"mod":10795,"grammarPoint":10796,"grammarPointTitle":10794,"grammarPointDescription":10797,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10798,"similarGrammarPoints":10799,"tags":10800,"content":10801,"dependentGrammarPoints":10802,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10803,"prereqPoints":10804},20582373213384,"-아\u002F어 보이다 - To look like",1759409059698,"to-look-like","The grammar form -아\u002F어 보이다 is used to say something looks like an adjective.",[10780],[8282],[6037,7105],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어 보이다 - To look like\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The next few lessons will look at some more auxiliary verbs. Just as a reminder, an auxiliary verb is when a verb is used in conjunction with another verb to add additional meaning to that verb, like how -아\u002F어 보다 means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to try or experience\"\n }), \" or how -아\u002F어 주다 means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to do for someone else.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The grammar form -아\u002F어 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"보이다[보이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to say something looks like an adjective.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"너 지금 피곤해.\"\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This statement is kind of strange because you can't know for sure that someone is tired unless they told you. You can only make a guess based on their outward appearance, and this is exactly how -어 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"보이다[보이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"너[$:np] 지금[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">피곤해[피곤하다:a::$:] 보여[보이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You look tired now.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl320-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">맛있어[맛있다:a::$:] 보이네[보이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It looks delicious.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl320-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">똑똑해[똑똑하다:a::$:] 보이고[보이다:v::$:] 싶어서[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 안경[$:nng] 쓰는[쓰다:v::$:] 거[$:nnb]야[$:p]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Are you wearing glasses to because you want to look smart?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl320-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"스페인어[$:nnp]는[$:p] 영어[$:nnp]랑[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">비슷해[비슷하다:a::$:] 보이지만[보이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 다른[$:mm] 부분[$:nng]이[$:p] 많아요[많다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Spanish and English look similar, but there are many points where they differ.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl320-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Adjective + 어 보이다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"피곤[$:nng]해[$:sv] 보여요[보이다:v::$:].\u003Cbr>\\n슬퍼[슬프다:a::$:] 보여[보이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10349],[10805],{"id":10780,"title":10781,"mod":10782,"grammarPoint":10783,"grammarPointTitle":10781,"grammarPointDescription":10784,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10785,"similarGrammarPoints":10786,"tags":10806,"content":10788,"dependentGrammarPoints":10789,"language":6036},[6041,6148],{"id":10808,"title":10809,"mod":10810,"grammarPoint":10811,"grammarPointTitle":10809,"grammarPointDescription":10812,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10813,"similarGrammarPoints":10814,"tags":10815,"content":10816,"dependentGrammarPoints":10817,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10818,"prereqPoints":10819},20816592844164,"-아\u002F어 내다 - To achieve with effort",1759409783885,"eo-neda-achieve-effort","-아\u002F어 내다 adds the meaning that something was successfully completed, usually with effort, persistence, or difficulty.",[10662],[],[6037,7105],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어 내다 - To achieve with effort\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"내다[내다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to cause something or bring something out.\"\n }), \" When you use it as an auxiliary verb, it adds a layer of meaning that something was successfully completed, usually with effort, persistence, or difficulty. As you've seen before, in some cases, auxiliary forms have become words in their own right, and the space is very often omitted with this one.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"첫[$:mm] 공연[$:nng]을[$:p] 잘[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">해내고[해내다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went to do well in my first performance.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl321-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"If you were to say just \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"했어요[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" here, you would merely be saying that you did it. When you use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"해냈어요[해내다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", the listener knows that you achieved something difficult.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"치킨[$:nng]의[$:p] 유혹[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">이겨내고[이겨내다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 샐러드[$:nng]를[$:p] 먹었어[먹다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I overcame my desire for fried chicken and ate a salad.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl321-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"완벽한[완벽하다:a::$:] 게임[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">만들어[만들다:v::$:]낸[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 것[$:nnb] 같아요[같다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think I managed to make a perfect game.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl321-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + 아\u002F어내다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"해냈어요[해내다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n만들어[만들다:v::$:]낸[$:b]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[10702],{"id":10821,"title":10822,"mod":10823,"grammarPoint":10824,"grammarPointTitle":10822,"grammarPointDescription":10825,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10826,"similarGrammarPoints":10827,"tags":10829,"content":10830,"dependentGrammarPoints":10831,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10832,"prereqPoints":10843},20816592882048,"-아\u002F어 놓다 - To leave in a state",1759410087604,"eo-nota-leave-in-state","-아\u002F어 놓다 indicates that an action was completed and the result was maintained or left in that state.",[],[10828],20816592937860,[6037,7105],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어 놓다 - To leave in a state\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The verb \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"놓다[놓다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to place, to set,\"\n }), \" but when used as an auxiliary verb, it adds the meaning that an action was completed and the result is maintained or left in that state.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"놓아[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can officially be contracted to \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"놔[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" when conjugated, and is typically spoken this way.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"케이크[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">시켜[시키다:v::$:] 놨어요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I ordered cake.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl322-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"재료[$:nng]는[$:p] 다[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">사[$:nr] 놨으니까[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 요리[$:nng]만[$:p] 하면[하다:v::$:] 돼[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I've bought all the ingredients so all you have to do is cook.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl322-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"계약서[$:nng]를[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">써[쓰다:v::$:] 뒀어요[두다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I've written up the contract.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl322-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + 아\u002F어 놓다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"켜[켜다:v::$:] 놓았어요[$:b]\u003Cbr>\\n끓여[끓이다:v::$:] 놔[놓다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10833],{"id":10828,"title":10834,"mod":10835,"grammarPoint":10836,"grammarPointTitle":10834,"grammarPointDescription":10837,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10838,"similarGrammarPoints":10839,"tags":10840,"content":10841,"dependentGrammarPoints":10842,"language":6036},"-아\u002F어 두다 - To leave in a state",1759412830196,"eo-duda-leave-in-state","-아\u002F어 두다 indicates that an action was completed and the result was maintained or left in that state.",[10821],[10821],[6041,7072],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어 두다 - To leave in a state\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"두다[두다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to place, set down, or leave\"\n }), \" something somewhere. As an auxiliary verb, it is virtually identical to -아\u002F어 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"놓다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". That is, it indicates that an action was completed and its result remains.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">생각해[생각하다:v::$:] 둔[두다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 아이디어[$:nng] 있어요[있다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Do you have any ideas in mind?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl323-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"내[$:np] 초콜렛[$:nng] 어디[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">숨겨[숨기다:v::$:] 뒀어[두다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Where did I hide my chocolate?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl323-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-어 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"두다[두다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can even be used with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"놓다. 놔두다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means to put something down and leave it there.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지갑[$:nng]을[$:p] 차[$:nnb] 안[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">놔두고[놔두다:v::$:] 왔어[오다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I left my wallet in the car.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl323-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Verb + 아\u002F어 두다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아껴[아끼다:v::$:]뒀어요[$:b]\u003Cbr>\\n놔[놓다:v::$:]둬[두다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":10828,"title":10834,"mod":10835,"grammarPoint":10836,"grammarPointTitle":10834,"grammarPointDescription":10837,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10838,"similarGrammarPoints":10839,"tags":10845,"content":10841,"dependentGrammarPoints":10842,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10846,"prereqPoints":10849},[6037,7105],[10847],{"id":10821,"title":10822,"mod":10823,"grammarPoint":10824,"grammarPointTitle":10822,"grammarPointDescription":10825,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10826,"similarGrammarPoints":10827,"tags":10848,"content":10830,"dependentGrammarPoints":10831,"language":6036},[6041,7072],[10847],{"id":7648,"title":10106,"mod":10107,"grammarPoint":10108,"grammarPointTitle":10106,"grammarPointDescription":10109,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10110,"similarGrammarPoints":10111,"tags":10851,"content":10113,"dependentGrammarPoints":10114,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10852,"prereqPoints":10853},[6037,7592],[7132,10081,7642],[7132,10081],{"id":7622,"title":7643,"mod":7644,"grammarPoint":7645,"grammarPointTitle":7643,"grammarPointDescription":7646,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7647,"similarGrammarPoints":7649,"tags":10855,"content":7651,"dependentGrammarPoints":7652,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10856,"prereqPoints":10857},[6037,7592],[7654,7615,10105],[10105],{"id":10859,"title":10860,"mod":10861,"grammarPoint":10862,"grammarPointTitle":10860,"grammarPointDescription":10863,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10864,"similarGrammarPoints":10865,"tags":10868,"content":10869,"dependentGrammarPoints":10870,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10871,"prereqPoints":10892},20816593005624,"-스럽다 - Adjective suffix",1759413751411,"seureobda-adjective-suffix","This lessons explains the suffix - 스럽다, which is used in words like \"lovely\" and \"disappointing.\"",[],[10866,10867],20816593032516,20816613137316,[6037,7740],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-스럽다 - Adjective suffix\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"In Korean, there are lots of ways to change one part of speech into another part of speech, like nouns becoming verbs, verbs becoming nouns, etc. Some nouns become adjectives with the ending -스럽다. This is not an ending that can be universally applied - it is possible to just learn these words individually, but knowing suffixes is helpful when guessing the meaning of an unknown word.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-스럽다 is a suffix meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"having that quality,\"\n }), \" it and turns words like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사랑[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"love\"\n }), \" into \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사랑스럽다[사랑스럽다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"lovely,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"실망[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"disappointment\"\n }), \" into \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"실망스럽다[실망스럽다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"disappointing.\"\n }), \" You can see more examples below.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Noun\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Adjective\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사랑[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"love\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"사랑스럽다[사랑스럽다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"lovely\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"실망[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"disappointment\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"실망스럽다[실망스럽다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"disappointing\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"걱정[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"worry\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"걱정스럽다[걱정스럽다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"worrisome\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"부담[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"burden\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"부담스럽다[부담스럽다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"burdensome\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"자연[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"nature\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"자연스럽다[자연스럽다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"natural\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"조심[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"caution\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"조심스럽다[조심스럽다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"cautious\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"자랑[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"boasting\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"자랑스럽다[자랑스럽다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"proud\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"As you can see, in English there's not really a pattern for these adjectives, but if it is helpful to sum up the meaning in one English suffix, think of -스럽다 as -ful. Even if it's not really a word, cautionful is instantly understandable, right?\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여행[$:nng]을[$:p] 자주[$:maj] 해서[하다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">자연스럽게[자연스럽다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 영어[$:nnp]가[$:p] 늘었어요[늘다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I travel a lot so my English naturally improved.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl326-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"기대[$:nng]를[$:p] 안[$:maj] 했는데[하다:v::$:] 합격해서[합격하다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">당황스러웠어요[당황스럽다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I wasn't expecting it, so I was stunned when I passed.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl326-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"룰[$:nng]이[$:p] 자꾸[$:maj] 바뀌어서[바뀌다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">혼란스러웠어요[혼란스럽다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It was confusing because the rules keep changing.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl326-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 스럽다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"사랑[$:nng]스럽[$:sa]다[$:e]\u003Cbr>\\n실망스럽다[실망스럽다:a::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10872,10882],{"id":10866,"title":10873,"mod":10874,"grammarPoint":10875,"grammarPointTitle":10873,"grammarPointDescription":10876,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10877,"similarGrammarPoints":10878,"tags":10879,"content":10880,"dependentGrammarPoints":10881,"language":6036},"-롭다 - Adjective suffix",1759413795415,"ropda-adjective-suffix","These lesson explains the adjective suffix -롭다, which is used in words like \"mysterious\" and \"fragrant.\"",[],[10859,10867],[6041,7734],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-롭다 - Adjective suffix\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Another suffix used to turn a Sino-Korean noun into an adjective is -롭다. Note that the vowel here is different from the suffix -스럽다.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Noun\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Adjective\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"신비[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"mystery\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"신비롭다[신비롭다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"mysterious\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"여유[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"having enough time, money\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"여유롭다[여유롭다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"relaxed, easygoing\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"향기[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"fragrance\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"향기롭다[향기롭다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"fragrant\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"명예[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"honor\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"명예롭다[명예롭다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"honorable\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"평화[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"peace\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"평화롭다[평화롭다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"peaceful\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This suffix is also used in other words that are pure Korean like \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"새롭다[새롭다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"new,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"외롭다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"lonely,\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"까다롭다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"fussy\"\n }), \" and many more. It's not important to memorize them all, just remember that when you see a new word ending in -롭다, it is an adjective.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"한국어[$:nnp]로[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">자유롭게[자유롭다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 이야기하고[이야기하다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to speak Korean freely.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl327-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 음식[$:nng]은[$:p] 건강[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">해로워요[해롭다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"This food is harmful to your health.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl327-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"조용하고[조용하다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">평화로운[평화롭다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 마을[$:nng]에서[$:p] 살고[살다:v::$:] 싶어[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I want to live in a quiet and peaceful village.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl327-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],{"id":10867,"title":10883,"mod":10884,"grammarPoint":10885,"grammarPointTitle":10883,"grammarPointDescription":10886,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10887,"similarGrammarPoints":10888,"tags":10889,"content":10890,"dependentGrammarPoints":10891,"language":6036},"-적 - Having the quality of",1759415084578,"jeok-having-a-quality","-jeok is a suffix which is equivalent to the -al ending in English, like in natural, cultural, and historical.",[],[10859,10866],[6041,7734],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-적 - Having the quality of\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"적 is a suffix meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"having that character, being related to, being such a state.\"\n }), \" More simply speaking, it is like the -al ending in natural, or traditional.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Noun\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsxs(\"div\", {\n children: [\"With \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"적[$:nnb]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"자연[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"nature\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"자연적[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"natural\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"전통[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"tradition\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"전통적[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"traditional\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"개인[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"individual, person\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"개인적[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"personal\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"문화[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"culture\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"문화적[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"cultural\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"세계[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"world\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"세계적[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"global\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"역사[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"history\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"역사적[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"historical\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The new word with -적 can be used to describe another noun by adding \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이다[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in its noun modifier form \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"(인[이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \").\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"좀[$:maj] 더[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">구체[$:nng]적[$:sn]인[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 예시[$:nng]가[$:p] 있나요[있다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Can you give me a more specific example?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl328-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"군대[$:nng]에서[$:p]는[$:p] 자연스럽게[자연스럽다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">규칙[$:nng]적[$:sn]인[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 생활[$:nng]을[$:p] 하게[하다:v::$:] 돼요[되다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"You naturally end up living a regulated life in the military.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl328-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">기본[$:nng]적[$:sn]인[이다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 영어[$:nnp] 단어[$:nng]도[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 몰라요[모르다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I don't know even basic English words.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl328-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"They can be turned into adverbs by adding the particle \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-으로[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">긍정[$:nng]적[$:sn]으로[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 생각해[생각하다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Think positively.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl328-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"To summarize, the various forms compare like this:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Korean\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Translation\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"역사[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"history\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"역사[$:nng]적[$:sn]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"historical\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"역사[$:nng]적[$:sn]으로[$:p]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"historically\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Just like -스럽다, and -롭다, not every noun can have -적 as a suffix. Only words that come from Chinese can use -적.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Noun + 적\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"충격적[$:nng]인[이다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n개인적[$:nng]으로[$:p]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":10866,"title":10873,"mod":10874,"grammarPoint":10875,"grammarPointTitle":10873,"grammarPointDescription":10876,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10877,"similarGrammarPoints":10878,"tags":10894,"content":10880,"dependentGrammarPoints":10881,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10895,"prereqPoints":10898},[6037,7740],[10896,10882],{"id":10859,"title":10860,"mod":10861,"grammarPoint":10862,"grammarPointTitle":10860,"grammarPointDescription":10863,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10864,"similarGrammarPoints":10865,"tags":10897,"content":10869,"dependentGrammarPoints":10870,"language":6036},[6041,7734],[],{"id":10867,"title":10883,"mod":10884,"grammarPoint":10885,"grammarPointTitle":10883,"grammarPointDescription":10886,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10887,"similarGrammarPoints":10888,"tags":10900,"content":10890,"dependentGrammarPoints":10891,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10901,"prereqPoints":10902},[6037,7740],[10896,10872],[],{"id":10904,"title":10905,"mod":10906,"grammarPoint":10907,"grammarPointTitle":10905,"grammarPointDescription":10908,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10909,"similarGrammarPoints":10910,"tags":10911,"content":10912,"dependentGrammarPoints":10913,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10914,"prereqPoints":10917},20816622311808,"-아\u002F어하다 - To act like an adjective",1759416223910,"eohada-act-adjective","To talk about how other people are feeling based on your observations, you must add -아\u002F어하다 to the adjective.",[6397],[10793],[6037],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-아\u002F어하다 - To act like an adjective\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In Korean, if you see that dad is looking sad, you can't just say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아빠[$:nng]가[$:p] 슬퍼요[슬프다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Dad is sad.\"\n }), \" That's because you can never truly know how another person feels. But if he is sitting quietly, sighing a lot, a tear trickling down his cheek, you can say \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아빠가 슬퍼해요\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". What you've done is added \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"-하다\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" to a conjugated adjective stem, which changes it from \\\"sad\\\" to \\\"acting sad,\\\" roughly speaking.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This form is only used with adjectives (for example, not \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"화나다[화나다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" which is already a verb).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"응원하던[응원하다:v::$:] 팀[$:nng]이[$:p] 져서[지다:v::$:] 아빠[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">슬퍼했어요[슬퍼하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Dad was sad because the team he has been supporting lost.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl329-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"준비[$:nng]를[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 못해서[$:b] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">불안해[불안하다:a::$:] 하는[하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 것[$:nnb] 같았어요[같다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think she's nervous because she couldn't prepare well.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl329-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can tell someone not feel a certain way by using -\", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아\u002F어하지[$:sv] 말다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">무서워하지[무서워하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 마세요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please don't be frightened.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl329-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You already know other ways to talk about dad's feelings after his team lost, for instance \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"슬픈[슬프다:a::$:] 것[$:nnb] 같아요[같다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"슬퍼[슬프다:a::$:] 보여요[보이다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"-고 싶어하다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"One other common adjective this form is used with is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"싶다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", as in -고 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"싶다[$:b]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to want\"\n }), \". If you saw a little child jumping up and down, trying to pull on his mom's hand, pointing at an ice cream shop, you could say:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 아이[$:nng]가[$:p] 아이스크림[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">먹고[먹다:v::$:] 싶어해요[$:b]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That child wants ice cream.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl329-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You would not be able to say:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 아이[$:nng]가[$:p] 아이스크림[$:nng]을[$:p] 먹고[먹다:v::$:] 싶어요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That child wants ice cream.\"\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"because your assumption is based on what you are observing the child doing, and you can't be certain what he's feeling. Maybe he just needs the toilet.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"non-emotion adjectives\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This grammar is not just used with emotion words. It is also used with adjectives that apply to objects, in relation to \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"how someone, even yourself, acts on that object\"\n }), \". For instance, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"귀엽다[귀엽다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be cute\"\n }), \" becomes \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"귀여워하다[귀여워하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to adore, to dote on\"\n }), \". Basically, another person is treating somone or something as if it were cute.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아줌마[$:nng]가[$:p] 길고양이[$:nng]들[$:sn]을[$:p] 엄청[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">귀여워했어요[귀여워하다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Ajumma really dotes on street cats.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl329-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"영화[$:nng] 결말[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">궁금해할[궁금하다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 거[$:nnb]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think they'll be curious about the end of the movie.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl329-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"Adjective conjugated stem + 하다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"무서워하다[무서워하다:v::$:]\u003Cbr>\\n가고[가다:v::$:] 싶어하다[$:b]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10915],{"id":10793,"title":10794,"mod":10795,"grammarPoint":10796,"grammarPointTitle":10794,"grammarPointDescription":10797,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10798,"similarGrammarPoints":10799,"tags":10916,"content":10801,"dependentGrammarPoints":10802,"language":6036},[6041,7072],[6429],{"id":10919,"title":10920,"mod":10921,"grammarPoint":10922,"grammarPointTitle":10920,"grammarPointDescription":10923,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10924,"similarGrammarPoints":10925,"tags":10926,"content":10927,"dependentGrammarPoints":10928,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10929,"prereqPoints":10930},20582372785548,"-는 길 - On the way",1759419743558,"neun-gil-on-the-way","-는 길 is used to say you are on your way somewhere. It needs to be used with a movement verb.",[7138],[],[6037,8035],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-는 길 - On the way\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"길[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"road,\"\n }), \" and while it can be used just as a regular noun, it can also be used as a bound noun in the grammar form -는 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"길\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-는 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"길[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used to say you are on your way somewhere. It needs to be used with a movement verb.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"숙소[$:nng]로[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">돌아가는[돌아가다:v::$:] 길[$:nng]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 팀장[$:nng]님[$:sn]을[$:p] 만났어요[만나다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I ran into the team leader on the way back to my lodgings.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl330-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">퇴근하는[퇴근하다:v::$:] 길[$:nng]에[$:p]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 과일[$:nng] 좀[$:maj] 사왔어[사다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I bought some fruit on my way home from work.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl330-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"ㄹ 길이 없다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"There is also a phrase -ㄹ \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"길[$:nng]이[$:p] 없다[없다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". Since \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"길\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" can have the meaning of \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"way\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"path,\"\n }), \" this form means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"there is no way to ____\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"수영하다가[수영하다:a::$:] 잃어[잃다:v::$:]버려서[$:b] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">찾을[찾다:v::$:] 길[$:nng]이[$:p] 없어[없다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There's no way to find it since I lost it while I was swimming.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl330-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"나[$:np]한테[$:p] 이야기[$:nng]를[$:p] 안[$:maj] 하니까[하다:v::$:] 나[$:np]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">알[$:nng] 길[$:nng]이[$:p] 없지[없다:a::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"There's no way for me to know since you don't talk to me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl330-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb of movement + 는 길\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가는[$:b] 길[$:nng]이에요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"verb + ㄹ 길이 없다\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"할[하다:v::$:] 길[$:nng]이[$:p] 없어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[7895],{"id":10932,"title":10933,"mod":10934,"grammarPoint":10935,"grammarPointTitle":10933,"grammarPointDescription":10936,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10937,"similarGrammarPoints":10938,"tags":10939,"content":10940,"dependentGrammarPoints":10941,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10942,"prereqPoints":10943},20583442037280,"-니까 2 - Discovery",1759420135220,"nikka-discovery","This lesson covers a second usage of -니까, which is used to talk about what you discovered as a result of an action.",[8491],[],[6037,7592],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiGrammarItem, UiList, UiListItem, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarItem\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"-니까 2 - Discovery\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You may already be familiar with -니까, which translates to \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"because.\"\n }), \" Actually, -니까 has a second usage which can be a little confusing to learners. It is important to learn it because it is also a component of several intermediate grammar forms. For now, let's just look at how -니까 can express discovery.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"회사에 들어오니까\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"아무도 없어요\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"first clause\"\n }), \" describes an action (going into the office) and the \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"second\"\n }), \" explains what you \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"discovered\"\n }), \" as a result of doing the first clause (no one was there).\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"As you can see, it wouldn't make sense to translate this sentence as \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"There was no one at the office because I went in.\"\n }), \" Some possible translations for this sentence are:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"decimal\",\n start: 0,\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Upon arriving at the office, I realized no one was there.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"I arrived at the office only to discover there was no one there.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"I arrived at the office to find there was no one there.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When I arrived at the office, there was no one there.\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"머리[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">깎으니까[깎다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 더[$:maj] 잘[$:maj]생겨[생기다:v::$:] 보이네[보이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"He looks even more handsome after getting his haircut.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl331-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 옷[$:nng] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">입으니까[입다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 연예인[$:nng] 같지[같다:a::$:] 않아[$:b]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Don't I look like a celebrity after putting on these clothes?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl331-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"밖[$:nng]은[$:p] 더운데[덥다:a::$:] 집[$:nng]에[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">들어오니까[들어오다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 너무[$:maj] 시원해[시원하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's hot outside, but when I get home it is really cool\u002Frefreshing.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl331-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"-니까 can be shortened to -니, but it is not common in cases where -니까 means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"because.\"\n }), \" However, when -니까 is used to express discovery, it \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"is\"\n }), \" commonly shortened to -니.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 1,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"회사[$:nng]에[$:p] 들어오니[들어오다:v::$:] 아무[$:np]도[$:p] 없어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I arrived at the office to find no one was there.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Tense markers cannot be used before -니까 when it indicates discovery.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 2,\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarItem, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"회사[$:nng]에[$:p] 들어왔으니까[들어오다:v::$:] 아무[$:np]도[$:p] 없어요[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I arrived at the office to find no one was there.\"\n })\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[9479],{"id":10945,"title":10946,"mod":10947,"grammarPoint":10948,"grammarPointTitle":10946,"grammarPointDescription":10949,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10950,"similarGrammarPoints":10951,"tags":10952,"content":10953,"dependentGrammarPoints":10954,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10955,"prereqPoints":10958},20582372474088,"력(力) - The power of hanja",1759420414357,"ryeok-hanja","This lesson introduces the idea of hanja (Chinese characters) and talks about how they can help you learn vocabulary.",[],[7214],[6037,6330,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiList, UiListItem, UiParsedTypo, UiTable, UiTableCell, UiTableColumnHeader, UiTableRow, UiTableRowGroup, UiTranslation} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiList) _missingMdxReference(\"UiList\", true);\n if (!UiListItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiListItem\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTable) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTable\", true);\n if (!UiTableCell) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableCell\", true);\n if (!UiTableColumnHeader) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableColumnHeader\", true);\n if (!UiTableRow) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRow\", true);\n if (!UiTableRowGroup) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTableRowGroup\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"력(力) - The power of hanja\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"We've talked a little about how many words in Korean come from Chinese, and how those words can be written in Chinese characters, or \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"한자[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". These days Koreans don't spend very much time learning hanja, but they do appear in real life from time to time, and it can be good to know a few. Still, most of the content of this lesson should be considered entirely optional, as it is not necessary to learn hanja when learning Korean.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Places you might see hanja in real life include:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsxs(UiList, {\n type: \"disc\",\n children: [_jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"menus, where they indicate size\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"forms where a date is required, or calendars\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"news headlines abbreviate country names to the first hanja\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"signs indicating entrance and exit, or important landmarks\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiListItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"business signs and advertisements, to look \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"fancy\"\n })]\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Hanja\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Pronunciation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"小\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"소\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"small\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"中\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"중\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"medium\u002Fmiddle\u002FChina\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"大\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"대\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"large\u002Fgreat\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"山\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"산\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"mountain\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"江\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"강\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"river\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"年\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"년\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"year\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"月\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"월\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"month\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"日\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"일\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"day\u002FJapan\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"韓\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"한\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Korea\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"美\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"미\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"beautiful\u002FUnited States\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When referring to hanja, Koreans say the meaning followed by the sound. For instance, you can refer to either 날 일 (日) which means day, or 한 일 (一) which means one, and that is also how they will be written in the dictionary.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"It's not necessary to actually memorize hanja characters to take advantage of the power they have to supercharge your vocabulary. The more words you learn, the more you will automatically start to associate certain syllables with different things. But if you take a little bit of time to look up the meaning behind that syllable to check if your intuition was correct, the faster this process will happen. Let's take a look at an easy one.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"力 is the hanja for 력, which means power.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: true,\n children: _jsxs(UiTable, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"thead\",\n children: _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Word\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Hanja\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableColumnHeader, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"Meaning\"\n })\n })]\n })\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRowGroup, {\n type: \"tbody\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"노력[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"努(exertion, effort) 力\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"effort\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"능력[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"能(ability)力\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"ability\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"매력[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"魅(goblin, elf)力\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"charm\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"폭력[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"暴(violent)力\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"violence\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"실력[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"實(real, true)力\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"skill, talent\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"강력[$:h]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"强(strong, powerful)力\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"strong, powerful\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiTableRow, {\n children: [_jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"체력[$:h]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"體(body)力\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiTableCell, {\n columnSpan: 1,\n rowSpan: 1,\n children: _jsx(\"div\", {\n children: \"physical strength; stamina\"\n })\n })]\n })]\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"When you see 력 in a word, most of the time you can assume it has something to do with power or ability.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"자기[$:np] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">시력[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>에[$:p] 맞는[맞다:v::$:] 안경[$:nng]을[$:p] 쓰는[쓰다:v::$:] 게[$:nng] 중요해요[중요하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's important to use glasses that match your eyesight.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl332-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"요즘[$:nng] 만화[$:nng] 주인공[$:nng]들[$:sn]은[$:p] 다[$:maj] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">초능력[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이[$:p] 있는[있다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb] 같아[같다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It seems like these days all the main character in manhwa have superpowers.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl332-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"제[$:np]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">기억력[$:nng]\u003C\u002Fstrong>이[$:p] 좀[$:maj] 안[$:maj] 좋아서[좋다:a::$:] 자주[$:maj] 잊어[잊다:v::$:]버려요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I keep forgetting because I don't have a good memory.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl332-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10956],{"id":7214,"title":7215,"mod":7216,"grammarPoint":7217,"grammarPointTitle":7215,"grammarPointDescription":7218,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":7219,"similarGrammarPoints":7220,"tags":10957,"content":7222,"dependentGrammarPoints":7223,"language":6036},[6041,6334],[],{"id":10960,"title":10961,"mod":10962,"grammarPoint":10963,"grammarPointTitle":10961,"grammarPointDescription":10964,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10965,"similarGrammarPoints":10966,"tags":10967,"content":10968,"dependentGrammarPoints":10969,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10970,"prereqPoints":10973},20854039465968,"이\u002F가 아니라\u002F아니고 - It’s not A, it’s B",1759508446858,"not-a-its-b","This lesson explains how you can correct a misunderstanding or contrast two things.",[6099],[8366],[6037,7592],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiFormation, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiFormation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiFormation\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"이\u002F가 아니라\u002F아니고 - It’s not A, it’s B\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When you want to correct a misunderstanding or contrast two items in Korean, you can use the form \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"noun\"\n }), \"이\u002F가 \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니라[아니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". For example, if someone assumed you were an employee in a shop and asked for help, you might say \\\"I'm not an employee, I'm a customer.\\\" You always need to use the subject marker before \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니라[아니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">무당[$:nng]이[$:p] 아니라[아니다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 의사[$:nng]예요[이다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm not a shaman, I'm a doctor.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl333-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"저[$:np]는[$:p] 여행할[여행하다:v::$:] 때[$:nng] 경치[$:nng]가[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">중요한[중요하다:a::$:] 게[$:nnb] 아니라[아니다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 음식[$:nng]이[$:p] 중요해요[중요하다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"When I travel, it's not the scenery that is important, it's the food.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl333-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"In everyday conversation, \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그게[$:np] 아니라[아니다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"... is used to quickly correct someone’s misunderstanding, translating to something like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"That's not what I meant, what I'm saying is...\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"It's not what you think, it's...\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아니[$:ic], \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">그게[$:np] 아니라[아니다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>... 사실[$:maj] 빨리[$:maj] 오려고[오다:v::$:] 했는데[하다:v::$:] 차[$:nng]가[$:p] 너무[$:maj] 막혀서[막히다:v::$:]...\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"No, I mean...really, I meant to come early, but the traffic was bad, so...\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl333-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Formation\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiFormation, {\n formation: \"noun이\u002F가 + 아니라\",\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"무당[$:nng]이[$:p] 아니라[아니다:v::$:]\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiMigachuToggle, {\n text: \"Advanced Content\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsxs(UiCardItem, {\n children: [_jsx(UiSvg, {\n raw: \"\u003Csvg xmlns=\\\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\\\" fill=\\\"none\\\" class=\\\"-mgk-variable-stroke-asset\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 104 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You can tell by the fact that it is not followed by a noun.\"]\n })\n })]\n })\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[10971],{"id":8366,"title":8367,"mod":8368,"grammarPoint":8369,"grammarPointTitle":8367,"grammarPointDescription":8370,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":8371,"similarGrammarPoints":8372,"tags":10972,"content":8375,"dependentGrammarPoints":8376,"language":6036},[6041,7596],[9002],{"id":10975,"title":10976,"mod":10977,"grammarPoint":10978,"grammarPointTitle":10976,"grammarPointDescription":10979,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10980,"similarGrammarPoints":10981,"tags":10982,"content":10983,"dependentGrammarPoints":10984,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10985,"prereqPoints":10986},20761397104452,"Filler words",1759508514671,"filler-words","This lesson, um, talks a bit about, like, you know, filler words in Korean and stuff.",[],[],[6037,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n return _jsx(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Filler words\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Um, so...yeah, just like English, and maybe every language, you know, Korean has like filler words words and stuff, which carry little meaning, but serve to like soften speech, and...um...give the speaker time to think, or transition to a new topic and stuff.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Common filler words in Korean include \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"뭐[$:np], 이제[$:maj], 아니[$:ic], 근데[$:mag]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \", and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"그[$:ic]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". They can go anywhere in the sentence and you can use as many as you like.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"아니[$:ic] 근데[$:mag] 내[$:np] 말은[$:b] 이제[$:maj] 그게[$:np] 아니라[아니다:v::$:] 솔직히[$:maj] 아[$:ic] 진짜[$:maj] 답답해[답답하다:a::$:]!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Look, that’s not what I’m saying, actually, ah, seriously, so frustrating!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl334-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"When \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"이제[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used as a filler word, it is often pronounced 인제.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"왜냐면[$:mag] 인제[$:maj] 학생[$:nng]들[$:sn]이[$:p] 약간[$:maj] 어려워할[어려워하다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 있으니까[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Because students might find it a bit difficult.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl334-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지금[$:maj] 고민[$:nng]인[이다:v::$:] 게[$:nnb] 뭐[$:np]냐면[이다:v::$:] 그[$:ic] 혼자[$:nng] 여행[$:nng] 가면[가다:v::$:] 인제[$:maj] 좀[$:maj] 지루할[지루하다:a::$:] 수[$:nnb] 있잖아요[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"What I'm worried about right now is that if you go on a trip alone, it can be a little boring.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl334-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],[],{"id":10988,"title":10989,"mod":10990,"grammarPoint":10991,"grammarPointTitle":10992,"grammarPointDescription":10993,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":10994,"similarGrammarPoints":10995,"tags":10996,"content":10997,"dependentGrammarPoints":10998,"language":6036,"similarPoints":10999,"prereqPoints":11000},20816613193188,"Expressions using 어쩌다 ",1762524030878,"eojjeoda-expressions","Expressions using 어쩌다","This lesson teaches the word 어쩌다, and numerous expressions that use it.",[7694,7403,8211,8453,8276,7648],[],[6037,6031],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiGrammarBox, UiMigachuToggle, UiParsedTypo, UiSvg, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiGrammarBox) _missingMdxReference(\"UiGrammarBox\", true);\n if (!UiMigachuToggle) _missingMdxReference(\"UiMigachuToggle\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiSvg) _missingMdxReference(\"UiSvg\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"Expressions using 어쩌다 \"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어쩌다[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to do something in a certain manner.\"\n }), \" Basically, it stands in for an \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-1\",\n children: \"unspecified verb\"\n }), \". It is used in sentences like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"\u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-2\\\">What\u003C\u002Fstrong> will you \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-3\\\">do\u003C\u002Fstrong> if he says no?\"\n }), \" Instead of saying this like:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"아니라고[아니다:v::$:] 하면[하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"뭐\"\n }), \" \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"할래\"\n }), \"?\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"You could also say:\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiGrammarBox, {\n type: 0,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n typo: 0,\n typoProps: {\n \"style\": \"text-align: center;\"\n },\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"아니라고 하면 \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"어쩔래\"\n }), \"?\"]\n })\n })\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"This is the same way \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어떻다[어떻다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" stands in for an unspecified adjective:\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"A：케이크[$:nng]가[$:p] 어때[어떻다:a::$:]?\u003Cbr>\\nB：맛있어[맛있다:a::$:]!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"A: How's the cake? \u003Cbr> B: Delicious!\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"You can see here that the question \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"\\\"어때[어떻다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \"?\\\" needs to be answered with an \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-2\",\n children: \"adjective\"\n }), \". In the same way, a question with \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어쩌다[어쩌다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" in it needs be answered with a \", _jsx(\"strong\", {\n class: \"emphasis-3\",\n children: \"verb\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"tl;dr\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"It is much, much easier to just learn the meaning of the fixed expressions that use \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어쩌다[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" than to try to understand what we said about the grammar above. Just focus on learning the very common idiomatic usages below.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"어쩔 수 없다\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어쩔[어쩌다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 없다[없다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used when a bad situation is unavoidable and you want to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it can't be helped\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"what can you do?\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"진짜[$:maj] 맛있는데[맛있다:a::$:]... 안[$:maj] 드시면[들다:v::$:] 어쩔[어쩌다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb] 없죠[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's really delicious, but if she doesn't want to eat it, what can you do?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl335-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"어쩌다(가)\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Here's our friend -다가 again. In this usage you are either asking what was happening that led to a certain result, or you are stating that unspecified things happened, which led to something else.\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어쩌다[$:maj] 운[$:nng]이[$:p] 좋아서[좋다:a::$:] 이긴[이기다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb] 같아요[같다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I think I won because my luck was somehow good.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl335-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"어째서\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어째서[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is really just another way to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"why.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"편지[$:nng]가[$:p] 어째서[$:maj] 여기[$:np] 떨어져[떨어지다:v::$:] 있지[있다:v::$:]?\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Why is the letter here?\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl335-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"어쩌면\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어쩌면[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"maybe, perhaps.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어쩌면[$:maj] 우리[$:np]가[$:p] 모르는[모르다:v::$:] 고대[$:nng] 문명[$:nng]이[$:p] 있을지도[있다:v::$:] 몰라[모르다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Perhaps there is an ancient civilation we don't know about.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl335-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"어쨌든\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어쨌든[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a word meaning \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"anyhow, anyway.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어쨌든[$:maj] 이[$:mm] 동네[$:nng]가[$:p] 살기[살다:v::$:] 나쁜[나쁘다:a::$:] 건[$:nnb] 아니지만[아니다:v::$:] 내[$:np] 취향[$:nng]은[$:p] 아니야[$:ic].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Anyway, this neighborhood is not a bad place to live, but it's not to my taste.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl335-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"어쩐지\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어쩐지[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"somehow, for some reason.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어쩐지[$:maj] 느낌[$:nng]이[$:p] 좋지[좋다:a::$:] 않아[$:b].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"For some reason I have a bad feeling.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl335-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"Another word with the same meaning is \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"왠지[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It sounds slightly softer than \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어쩐지[어쩌다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"왠지[$:maj] 귀신[$:nng] 나올[나오다:v::$:] 것[$:nnb] 같아[같다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Somehow it seems like a ghost will come out.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl335-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsx(UiMigachuToggle, {\n text: \"Advanced Content\",\n children: _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsxs(UiCardItem, {\n children: [_jsx(UiSvg, {\n raw: \"\u003Csvg 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\"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어쩌다[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" originally comes from \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어찌하다[어찌하다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". 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It can mean \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to enter,\"\n }), \" and many (not all) of the definitions are related to this idea of something coming in, whether it is an idea coming into your head or entering into old age. This lesson will cover some very common ways \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"들다[들다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is used.\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"생각이 들다 - to have a thought occur\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"가끔[$:maj] 모든[$:mm] 게[$:nnb] 시뮬레이션[$:nng]이라는[이다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">생각[$:nng]이[$:p] 들어요[들다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Sometimes I think everything is just a simulation.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl336-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"나이가 들다 - to get old\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"그[$:mm] 배우는[배우다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">나이[$:nng]가[$:p] 들어도[들다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 매력[$:nng]이[$:p] 있어[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That actor has charm even as she gets old.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl336-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"기분이 들다 - to get a feeling\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"왠지[$:maj] 답답한[답답하다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">기분[$:nng]이[$:p] 들어서[들다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 창문[$:nng]을[$:p] 열었다[열다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I somehow felt stuffy so I opened the window.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl336-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"잠이 들다 - to go to sleep\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어젯밤[$:nng]에[$:p] 축구[$:nng]를[$:p] 보다가[보다:v::$:] 늦게[늦다:a::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">잠[$:nng]이[$:p] 들었어요[들다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I went to sleep late last night while watching soccer.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl336-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"마음에 들다 - to like\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"마음[$:nng]에[$:p] 들다[들다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" literally means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to enter one's heart,\"\n }), \" but it is a very common way to say you \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"like something\"\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"이[$:mm] 방[$:nng]은[$:p] 햇빛[$:nng]이[$:p] 잘[$:maj] 들어와서[들어오다:v::$:] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">마음[$:nng]에[$:p] 들어요[들다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"The sunlight comes into this room well so I like it.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl336-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n type: 2,\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"Special Note\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"The word \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"힘들다[힘들다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to be difficult; to be tiring\"\n }), \" is a combination of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"힘[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"strength, effort\"\n }), \" and \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"들다[들다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"들다 - to lift\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [\"A completely separate usage of \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"들다[들다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to lift.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"무거운[무겁다:a::$:] 물건[$:nng]을[$:p] \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">들다가[들다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong> 손가락[$:nng]을[$:p] 다쳤어요[다치다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I hurt my finger while lifting a heavy object.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl336-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"예를 들다 - to give an example\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"들다[들다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"to lift\"\n }), \" is not just used for physical things. Think of it like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"raise an issue\"\n }), \" in English. We don't say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"raise an example\"\n }), \" in English, but in Korean that is how you say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"for example\"\n }), \" - \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"예[$:nng]를[$:p] 들면[들다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"스트레스[$:nng]가[$:p] 쌓이면[쌓이다:v::$:] 건강[$:nng]에[$:p] 매우[$:maj] 안[$:maj] 좋아요[좋다:a::$:]. \u003Cstrong class=\\\"emphasis-grammar\\\">예[$:nng]를[$:p] 들면[들다:v::$:]\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 잠[$:nng]을[$:p] 못[$:maj] 자거나[자다:v::$:] 심장병[$:nng]이[$:p] 생길[생기다:v::$:] 수[$:nnb]도[$:p] 있어요[있다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"It's very bad for your health when stress builds up. For example, if you can't sleep or something you might get heart disease.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl336-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[11014],{"id":11009,"title":11015,"mod":11016,"grammarPoint":11017,"grammarPointTitle":11015,"grammarPointDescription":11018,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":11019,"similarGrammarPoints":11020,"tags":11021,"content":11022,"dependentGrammarPoints":11023,"language":6036},"More useful expressions",1762528293591,"more-useful-expressions","This lesson teaches some important expressions that every Korean learner needs to know.",[],[],[6041],"\"use strict\";\nconst {jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0];\nconst {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0];\nfunction _createMdxContent(props) {\n const {UiCard, UiCardItem, UiCardTypo, UiExample, UiParsedTypo, UiTranslation, UiTranslationQuoted} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n if (!UiCard) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCard\", true);\n if (!UiCardItem) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardItem\", true);\n if (!UiCardTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiCardTypo\", true);\n if (!UiExample) _missingMdxReference(\"UiExample\", true);\n if (!UiParsedTypo) _missingMdxReference(\"UiParsedTypo\", true);\n if (!UiTranslation) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslation\", true);\n if (!UiTranslationQuoted) _missingMdxReference(\"UiTranslationQuoted\", true);\n return _jsxs(\"div\", {\n lang: \"en\",\n children: [_jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 1,\n children: \"More useful expressions\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"Before we let you move on to intermediate, we want to make sure you know these very common colloquial expressions.\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"부탁 - request\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"부탁[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"request\"\n }), \", and Koreans use it to ask for favors, or more generally to say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"take care of me\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"look out for me\"\n }), \" when meeting someone in a position of authority.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"잘[$:maj] 부탁[$:nng] 드립니다[드리다:v::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Please look out for me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl337-1.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"상관없다 - to not matter\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"상관[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"correlation\"\n }), \", that is, things being related to each other. The phrase \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"상관[$:nng] 없어[없다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is how Koreans say \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"it doesn't matter.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"돈[$:nng]을[$:p] 많이[$:maj] 벌면[벌다:v::$:] 많이[$:maj] 써도[쓰다:v::$:] 상관[$:nng] 없을[없다:a::$:] 것[$:nnb] 같아요[같다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I guess if you make a lot of money, it doesn't matter if you spend a lot.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl337-2.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"어이가 없다 - to be ridiculous\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어이[$:maj]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" is a noun referring to something unspeakably large. But forget that, because it is only used in the phrase \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"어이없다[어이없다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \". It means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to be ridiculous or preposterous.\"\n }), \" Koreans say it when something is so absurd or ridiculous that they are speechless.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"어이[$:nng]가[$:p] 없네[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"That's ridiculous, you've got to be kidding me.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl337-3.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"정신이 없다 - to be overwhelmed\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"정신[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"spirit, mind\"\n }), \". If you are completely overwhelmed with things you need to do, to the point that you don't know if you're coming or going, you can say you are \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"정신[$:nng]이[$:p] 없다[없다:a::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \".\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"응급실[$:nng]에서[$:p] 일하면[일하다:v::$:] 항상[$:maj] 정신[$:nng] 없죠[없다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"I'm so busy working in the emergency room, I'm losing my mind.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl337-4.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"정신을 차리다 - to pull yourself together\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"차리다[차리다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means either \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to set the table\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"to come to your senses.\"\n }), \" If someone is hysterical or not coping very well with a situation, you can tell them \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"정신[$:nng] 차려[차리다:v::$:]!\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"Pull yourself together!\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"술[$:nng] 그만[$:maj] 마시고[마시다:v::$:] 정신[$:nng] 차려[차리다:v::$:]!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Stop drinking alcohol and pull yourself together!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl337-5.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"기가 막히다 - to be incredible\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"기[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"spirit, energy.\"\n }), \" You might have heard this word in Chinese as \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"qi\"\n }), \" or \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"chi\"\n }), \". \", _jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"기[$:nng]가[$:p] 막히다[막히다:v::$:]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" literally means \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"your energy is blocked,\"\n }), \" but is used to say something is amazing or incredible. It's also used sarcastically, like \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"your timing is incredible.\"\n })]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"김치[$:nng]랑[$:p] 감자[$:nng]랑[$:p] 같이[$:maj] 먹으면[먹다:v::$:] 맛[$:nng]이[$:p] 또[$:maj] 기[$:nng]가[$:p] 막히거든요[막히다:v::$:]!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"If you eat kimchi and potatoes together, the taste is amazing!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl337-6.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n children: \"(또 here is a filler word added for emphasis.)\"\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"고생 많다 - to have a hard time\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"고생[$:nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"trouble, hardship\"\n }), \". Telling people \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"you had a hard time\"\n }), \" is a polite way of telling them that you recognize and appreciate their efforts, as we recognize yours.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"지금[$:nng]까지[$:p] 고생[$:nng] 많았어요[많다:a::$:].\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Thank you for all your hard work so far.\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl337-7.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n }), _jsxs(UiCard, {\n children: [_jsx(UiCardItem, {\n horizontallyScrollable: false,\n children: _jsx(UiCardTypo, {\n type: 3,\n children: \"소고하다 - to work hard\"\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsxs(UiCardTypo, {\n children: [_jsx(UiParsedTypo, {\n lang: \"ko\",\n flags: {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n syntax: \"수고[nng]\",\n typoProps: {\n \"inline\": true\n }\n }), \" means \", _jsx(UiTranslation, {\n translation: \"trouble, effort\"\n }), \". Telling people \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"you went through a lot of trouble and effort!\"\n }), \" or even \", _jsx(UiTranslationQuoted, {\n translation: \"go through a lot of trouble and effort!\"\n }), \" (수고하세요) is a polite way to say goodbye to someone who has been working.\"]\n })\n }), _jsx(UiCardItem, {\n children: _jsx(UiExample, {\n syntaxProps: {\n \"lang\": \"ko\",\n \"flags\": {\n \"isActive\": true,\n \"readingDisplayMode\": 3\n },\n \"syntax\": \"여러분[$:np] 모두[$:maj] 수고했어요[수고하다:v::$:]!\",\n \"typoProps\": {\n \"inline\": false\n }\n },\n translation: \"Good job, everyone!\",\n audio: \"\u002Fassets\u002Fgrammar\u002Fkorean\u002Fl337-8.m4a\",\n a11y: {\n \"audio\": {\n \"loading\": \"Loading\",\n \"errorRetry\": \"Retry\",\n \"clickToPlay\": \"Play\",\n \"clickToReplay\": \"Replay\",\n \"clickToStop\": \"Stop\"\n }\n }\n })\n })]\n })]\n });\n}\nfunction MDXContent(props = {}) {\n const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = {\n ..._provideComponents(),\n ...props.components\n };\n return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, {\n ...props,\n children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, {\n ...props\n })\n }) : _createMdxContent(props);\n}\nreturn {\n default: MDXContent\n};\nfunction _missingMdxReference(id, component) {\n throw new Error(\"Expected \" + (component ? \"component\" : \"object\") + \" `\" + id + \"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.\");\n}\n",[],[],{"id":11009,"title":11015,"mod":11016,"grammarPoint":11017,"grammarPointTitle":11015,"grammarPointDescription":11018,"prerequisiteGrammarPoints":11019,"similarGrammarPoints":11020,"tags":11026,"content":11022,"dependentGrammarPoints":11023,"language":6036,"similarPoints":11027,"prereqPoints":11028},[6037],[],[],[5510,1124,1054,1034,23,468,3561,1998,3691,1522,2746,408,724,292,567,587,518,200,211,671,970,1603,3207,11030,11035,11040,5118,5631,5635,2614,137,17,11045,11050,2274,4335,11055,2295,2866,11060,3293,2841,11065,3380,11070,1411,1622,2545,5939,6037,6405,6475,7740,7105,6055,8035,6060,7592,6330,9210,7757,6458,7908,9334,6948,6079,10365,6335,6615,10433,6866,6145,6031,6493],{"id":11031,"title":11032,"description":11033,"slug":11034,"language":22},"1741861152539","に-Verb Series","Lesson teaches about the combination of に with a verb","japanese-ni-verb-series",{"id":11036,"title":11037,"description":11038,"slug":11039,"language":22},"1741861158696","を-Verb Series","Lesson teaches about the combination of を with a verb","japanese-wo-verb-series",{"id":11041,"title":11042,"description":11043,"slug":11044,"language":22},"1741861170024","Written Language","Grammar point is mainly used in written language","japanese-written-language",{"id":11046,"title":11047,"description":11048,"slug":11049,"language":22},"1743600363074","Academy Level 2","Appears in Migaku Academy Level 2","japanese-academy-level-2",{"id":11051,"title":11052,"description":11053,"slug":11054,"language":22},"1743600368209","Academy Level 3","Appears in Migaku Academy Level 3","japanese-academy-level-3",{"id":11056,"title":11057,"description":11058,"slug":11059,"language":22},"1744427759014","限る Series","Lesson uses 限る in some way","japanese-ru-series",{"id":11061,"title":11062,"description":11063,"slug":11064,"language":22},"1744427781162","という Series","Lesson uses という in some way","japanese-toiu-series",{"id":11066,"title":11067,"description":11068,"slug":11069,"language":22},"1744427806928","べき Series","Lesson uses べき in some way","japanese-beki-series",{"id":11071,"title":11072,"description":11073,"slug":11074,"language":22},"1744427829239","くらい Series","Lesson uses くらい in some way","japanese-kurai-series",{"20463397959952":11076,"20463397959939":11078,"20463397959973":11080,"20463397959980":11083,"20463397959964":11084,"20463397959941":11086,"20463397959969":11087,"20463397959942":11088,"20463397959972":11089,"20463397959956":11091,"20463397959957":11094,"20463397959940":11096,"20855460221580":11098,"20463397959977":11100,"20463397959978":11102,"20463397959979":11104,"20463397959968":11107,"20463397959970":11109,"20463397959953":11110,"20463397959989":11112,"20463397959948":11114,"20463397959982":11116,"20463397959950":11119,"20463397959990":11121,"20463397959965":11124,"20463397959966":11126,"20463397959949":11127,"20463397959988":11129,"20463397959951":11131,"20463397959967":11133,"20463397959954":11134,"20463397959991":11136,"20463397959984":11139,"20463397959981":11140,"20463397959971":11142,"20463397959985":11143,"20463397959986":11145,"20463397959987":11147,"20463397959960":11149,"20463397959959":11152,"20463397959958":11155,"20463397959976":11158,"20463397959975":11160,"20463397959974":11162,"20463397959961":11165,"20463397959963":11166,"20463397959993":11168,"20463397959983":11169,"20463397960004":11170,"20463397959994":11172,"20463397959997":11173,"20463397959998":11174,"20463397959999":11175,"20463397960001":11178,"20463397960003":11180,"20463397960000":11182,"20463397960005":11185,"20463397959996":11187,"20463397960007":11190,"20463397959992":11193,"20463397960002":11194,"20463397960006":11196},{"description":11077,"title":237},"ちゃん is an endearing\u002Fintimate Japanese honorific suffix and means “little” or “dear”. It is primarily used with women.",{"description":11079,"title":62},"だ combines with nouns and adjectives to declare state-of-being in Japanese—that something “is” something.",{"description":11081,"title":11082},"The particle だけ can be used with many types of words to show limitations. For example, 学生だけ means “only students”.","[JLPT N5] 「だけ」(dake) | “Only” or “That’s all” | Japanese Particle",{"description":926,"title":925},{"description":11085,"title":562},"The particle で is used to indicate where an action takes place. Structure → weは cafeteriaで eat.",{"description":133,"title":132},{"description":647,"title":646},{"description":152,"title":151},{"description":11090,"title":599},"The particle へ is similar to に, but it shows direction, not destination. Tokyoへ means “toward” Tokyo, but doesn’t necessarily mean you arrive to Tokyo.",{"description":11092,"title":11093},"い-adjectives all end in い and can either come directly before a noun (高い山) or after a noun+particle combination (映画は面白い).","[JLPT N5] い-Adjectives Basics | Japanese Grammar",{"description":11095,"title":433},"To make the negative form of an い-adjective, simply replace い with くない. For example, 速い→速くない.",{"description":11097,"title":116},"じゃない combines with nouns and adjectives to say that X is not Y in Japanese. For example, nounじゃない.",{"description":11099,"title":10},"Learn the essentials of Japanese nouns. Includes usages, examples, nouns vs pronouns, and verbal nouns.",{"description":11101,"title":809},"To turn a statement into a question in Japanese, simply attach か to the very end of the sentence. It’s that easy!",{"description":11103,"title":860},"The basic structure for showing reasons in Japanese is AからB, in which A represents the reason and B the result.",{"description":11105,"title":11106},"The particle けど is used to show that something is somehow not in line with what you expected. For example, おいしいけど means “it’s delicious, but...”","[JLPT N5] 「けど」(kedo) | Indicate contrast | Japanese Particle",{"description":11108,"title":325},"The words ここ, そこ, and あそこ translate to here, there, and over there. Thankfully, there’s nothing tricky about these Japanese words!",{"description":337,"title":336},{"description":11111,"title":279},"これ is the Japanese word for “this”. There are a few “こ-” words, and they all refer to things physically close to the speaker.",{"description":1045,"title":11113},"[JLPT N5] 「〜み」(mi) | Turn Adjectives into “Intangible” Nouns | Japanese Grammar",{"description":11115,"title":181},"The particle も is used in inclusive sentences to express the idea of “too” and “also” in Japanese.",{"description":11117,"title":11118},"Whereas い-adjectives can connect directly to a noun, な-adjectives require な to come between the adjective and noun. Here’s how they work!","[JLPT N5] な-Adjectives Basics | Japanese Grammar",{"description":11120,"title":35},"Japanese names are family name first, first name last. Here’s a few common ones and how they work.",{"description":11122,"title":11123},"AならB means “if the actual circumstances (A) were like that, then B”. It can be attached directly to verbs, adjectives, and nouns.","[JLPT N5] 「なら」(nara) | A Way to Say “If” | Japanese Particle",{"description":582,"title":11125},"[JLPT N5] 「に」(ni) | Show an Action’s Direction | Japanese Particle",{"description":613,"title":612},{"description":11128,"title":195},"The particle の is used to show possession in Japanese sentences. Structure → possessorのpossession.",{"description":1029,"title":11130},"[JLPT N5] 「〜さ」(sa) | Turn Adjectives into “Concrete” Nouns | Japanese Grammar",{"description":11132,"title":222},"さん is one of the most common Japanese honorific suffixes, and roughly corresponds to English’s Mr. or Mrs.",{"description":629,"title":628},{"description":11135,"title":304},"それ is the Japanese word for “that”. There are a few “そ-” words, and they all refer to things physically closer to the listener than the speaker.",{"description":11137,"title":11138},"それなら is a fixed phrase meaning “in that case”. It is used to introduce a conclusion or decision made in response to something that was just said.","[JLPT N5] 「それなら」(sore nara) | “In That Case” | Japanese Grammar",{"description":966,"title":965},{"description":11141,"title":941},"The suffix たち attaches to words that represent a person to make them plural. For example, 私 (I) becomes 私たち (we).",{"description":665,"title":664},{"description":984,"title":11144},"[JLPT N5] 「く」(ku) | Turn い-Adjectives into Adverbs | Japanese Grammar",{"description":997,"title":11146},"[JLPT N5] 「に」(ni) | Turn な-Adjectives Into Adverbs | Japanese Grammar",{"description":11148,"title":1006}," While most adverbs are created from い- or な-adjectives, Japanese does have “true” adverbs. Some directly proceed verbs, some connect to verbs via に.",{"description":11150,"title":11151},"Japanese has only four irregular verbs: する、来る、ある、 and 行く. Here’s an example sentence for each one.","[JLPT N5] Verb Basics - Irregular | Japanese Grammar",{"description":11153,"title":11154},"る-verbs, one of Japanese’s three types of verbs, are those that end with -る. Be careful, though: some words that end with -る are actually -う verbs!","[JLPT N5] る (ru) Verbs | Japanese Grammar",{"description":11156,"title":11157},"う-verbs, one of Japanese’s three types of verbs, are verbs that end with -す、-く、-ぐ、-ぶ、-つ、-む、-う or -ぬ. Here’s how they work!","[JLPT N5] う (u) Verbs | Japanese Grammar",{"description":11159,"title":795},"The negative form of する、来る、行く、and ある all end with ない, but their construction is a bit unique. Here’s how that works.",{"description":783,"title":11161},"[JLPT N5] ~ない (~nai) | Negating る (ru) Verbs | Japanese Verbs",{"description":11163,"title":11164},"To make the negative form of an -う verb, replace the final -u sound with an -a and then add 「ない」. For example: 聞く (to listen) → 聞か → 聞かない.","[JLPT N5] Negating う (u) Verbs | Japanese Verbs",{"description":514,"title":513},{"description":11167,"title":548},"Many Japanese words can be written in either hiragana *or* kanji. This is done for 5 main reasons, which we’ll discuss.",{"description":1155,"title":1154},{"description":997,"title":11146},{"description":348,"title":11171},"[JLPT N5] 「こっち・そっち・あっち」| Here, There, and Over | Japanese Grammar",{"description":1169,"title":1168},{"description":1212,"title":1211},{"description":1222,"title":1221},{"description":11176,"title":11177},"English superlatives are adjectives that end in -est or are preceded by “the most”. To make Japanese superlatives, simply place 一番 before an adjective.","[JLPT N5] 「一番」(ichiban) | The Most (Adjective) | Japanese Grammar",{"description":1274,"title":11179},"[JLPT N5] 「こと」(koto) | Turn Verbs and Adjectives Into Nouns | Japanese Grammar",{"description":1303,"title":11181},"[JLPT N5] 「のは～だ」| Giving New and Important Information in Japanese | Japanese Grammar",{"description":11183,"title":11184},"である is used to say what something is, like だ, but is used in formal writing and can be used in a few grammatical structures that だ can not.","[JLPT N5] 「である」(de aru) | Saying Something 'Is' | Japanese Grammar",{"description":11186,"title":1322},"The question particle か can also be used to introduce alternatives mid-sentence in “X or Y” fashion. It can attach to nouns, adjectives, and verbs.",{"description":11188,"title":11189},"より roughly means “more than”, and it is one of Japanese's tools for making comparisons. It goes after the word that would follow “than” in English.","[JLPT N5] 「より」(yori) | Making Comparisons | Japanese Particle",{"description":11191,"title":11192},"くん is a Japanese honorific suffix someone higher in status can use when addressing someone lower in status. It is usually applied to mens' names.","[JLPT N5] 「くん」(kun) | Address Someone Below You | Japanese Grammar",{"description":1141,"title":1140},{"description":11195,"title":1286},"の attaches directly to verbs and adjectives to turn them into nouns. It functions similarly to こと, but is used in some structures that こと isn't.",{"description":11197,"title":11198},"あまり (and あんまり) is an adverb that means “not very” or “not much”. It is primarily used in negative sentences a la あまりしない (I don't do it much).","[JLPT N5] 「あまり」(amari) | “Not Very” | Japanese Grammar",{"approximate_member_count":11200},20178]