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Japanese - Grammar Reference

ใ€Œๆ–นใ€Compare things

ใ€Œๆ–นใ€Compare things

Compare things

ๆ–น(ใปใ†) can be used to compare things in Japanese. When it is pronounced as ใปใ†, it signifies direction or orientation. When used in this manner, it can convey that one way is better, worse, etc., than another. This often takes the form Aๆ–น(ใปใ†)ใŒB, and can be interpreted as the way of A is comparatively B.

1

When comparing a noun with ๆ–น(ใปใ†), you must add ใฎ to the noun.

ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฎๆ–น(ใปใ†)ใŒๅฎ‰(ใ‚„ใ™)ใ„ใ€‚

This restaurant is cheaper.

2

When forming negative statements, e.g. to say that not doing something is good, the verb needs to be in its plain negative form.

ๅคœๆ›ด(ใ‚ˆใตใ‹)ใ‹ใ—ใ—ใชใ„ๆ–น(ใปใ†)ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚

It's better not to stay up late.

3

ใช-adjectives attach directly to ๆ–น(ใปใ†) as they would with any other noun.

้ƒจๅฑ‹(ใธใ‚„)ใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ„ใชใปใ†ใŒๅฅฝ(ใ™)ใใ€‚

I prefer rooms that are cleaner. / I like cleaner rooms better.

4

When forming comparisons with verbs, they are often in past form. Using this forms adds confidence as compared to the dictionary form.

ๆœ(ใ‚ใ•)ใ”ใฏใ‚“ใ‚’้ฃŸ(ใŸ)ในใŸๆ–น(ใปใ†)ใŒ้›†ไธญ(ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใกใ‚…ใ†)ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚

It's better to eat breakfast โ€” you can concentrate better.

Formation

Verb + ใปใ†

้ฃŸ(ใŸ)ในใ‚‹ใปใ†ใƒป้ฃŸ(ใŸ)ในใŸใปใ†ใƒป้ฃŸ(ใŸ)ในใชใ„ใปใ†

ใ„-Adjective + ใปใ†

้ซ˜(ใŸใ‹)ใ„ใปใ†ใƒป้ซ˜(ใŸใ‹)ใ‹ใฃใŸใปใ†

ใช-Adjective + ใชใปใ†

้™(ใ—ใš)ใ‹ใชใปใ†ใƒป้™(ใ—ใš)ใ‹ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใปใ†

Noun + ใฎใปใ†

ๅญฆ็”Ÿ(ใŒใใ›ใ„)ใฎใปใ†ใƒปๅญฆ็”Ÿ(ใŒใใ›ใ„)ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใปใ†

General Structure

Object-Of-Comparisonๆ–นใŒAdjective

ๅญฆๆ ก(ใŒใฃใ“ใ†)ใฎๆ–น(ใปใ†)ใŒ้™(ใ—ใš)ใ‹

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