French Swear Words: A Guide to Cursing in French

👀 Look at you. You went ahead and Googled "French swear words".

... Nice.

Well, we know what you're here for, and it's not a lengthy introduction, so let's get into it:

Why Learn French Profanity?

Swear words in French aren't just vulgarities; they're cultural expressions deeply embedded in everyday language. In France, swearing is common. So much that English speakers use the phrase “pardon my French” before swearing.

Stereotypes are stereotypes, of course... but if you just watch an episode of Lupin (a hit French mystery thriller TV series), you'll hear “merde” (shit) and “putain” (fuck) at the end of basically every other sentence. Alternatively—cursing and honking at other drivers on the road is commonplace. In fact, about 67% of French people admit to cursing at the wheel.

Basically:

And that's why we made this blog post.

Consider this your guide to French profanity—to sounding like a local, in the best sense of the word.

The Most Common Slang in French: "Merde" and "Putain"

Among the milder and yet more popular French swear words, "merde" (literally meaning "shit") and "putain" (originally meaning "whore") are ubiquitous. They function as versatile expressions akin to "heck," "dang," or "shoot" in English. They are mainly used to express surprise or disappointment.

"Merde" often expresses dismay or bad luck, while "putain" can convey frustration or emphasis.

While you should refrain from using swear words before they come naturally to you in another language, using “merde” and “putain” in informal contexts might help you sound like a native French speaker—without the risk of offending anyone.

“Putain” is definitely one of the preferred slang words of the French language. You might also hear it on French TV as “putain de…,” which can be translated as “fucking” and can be used for both positive and negative things:

Commonly Used French Curse Words

Here's a table of some of the most common French expressions for cursing, their English word equivalents, and instances in which they can be used. Most can also be complete sentences in and of themselves when appearing with an exclamation mark.

Most of these words can swing between friendly banter and hurtful language, depending on tone, context, and relationship.

French natives are masters of playful swearing, but it takes time and immersion to get the rhythm and intent right. Use these words cautiously until you’re confident you won’t accidentally offend someone!

French Insults NOT to Use

These words are unfortunately still used in some areas of France, often seen in graffiti, heard in rap lyrics, or tossed around by angry people. As such, while you may encounter them, do not imitate them.

The most nuclear of French profanity

As you can see from the English, these are all strong expressions that border on the obscene. Unlike the words we shared above, there is just no playful way to use this kind of language. If you hear these terms, a fight is probably in progress or about to start.

Sexist language

What a culture considers vulgar or profane gives you an insight into its values. As with much of the world, French's gendered insults often have to do with sexuality: promiscuity for women, and feebleness/effeminate qualities in men.

Curses related to impairments

Punching down is never cool... but, if you spend much time with Frech, you'll often hear a few curse words that do precisely that.

French Canadian (Quebec) Curse Words

Influenced by regional dialects and a completely different historical context, Quebec French swear expressions differ significantly from those of the French spoken in France.

Why Quebec curses are so unique

As you probably noticed, Quebecois swear words are mostly drawn from Catholic church vocabulary. Unlike France, where most curses are about sex, body parts, or social roles, Quebec’s profanity reflects its unique religious history.

From the 1600s to the early 20th century, Quebec was dominated by the Catholic Church. Religion shaped every part of life: education, politics, morality, and even what people ate or wore. Over time, many French Canadians began to rebel—not with pitchforks, but with words. Saying “tabarnak” or “calisse” (objects used in Mass) became a way to vent frustration and challenge authority.

Today, these “sacres”

(as they’re called in Quebec) are often strung together in poetic, angry combinations. While still considered offensive, they're also a colorful and expressive part of Quebec’s spoken French.

Understanding these swear words helps you better grasp the emotional texture and history behind Quebec French—just remember, like all profanity, translation has its limits and context is everything!

How to learn to swear like a French native speaker

Learning French isn't easy, but any means, but it is pretty simple:

For example—we know that you're a cultured fellow, so let's say you're binging some YouTube specials from Les Inconnus, a legendary French comedy trio.

Here you are—you've got the video booted up on your phone, and you haven't read this blog post, so your innocent ears are hopefully confused upon bumping into a word like merde.

... so you click on it, and Migaku shows you a dictionary definition of what it means.

This indeed seems to be a most useful word, so you decide you want to learn it—you click that orange button in the top-right corner of the popup dictionary, and after a second or two of tweaking, you wind up with a flashcard like this:

We'll periodically nudge you to practice this word, ensuring that it gradually works its way into your memory. We'll also take media from your content of choice (screenshot + audio) to make the flashcard just a bit more special.

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The last thing that stands between you and using French swear words like a native

This is a handy guide—or should we say a une putain de belle référence—but there's a golden rule of language learning:

So, have your fun. Google the funny words. Memorize a curse or two (or three). But, at the end of the day, remember to actually spend some time interacting with French.